| changes in the calcium metabolism of biomphalaria glabrata experimentally infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis. | levels of calcium in the haemolymph and reserves in the shell of biomphalaria glabrata experimentally infected by angiostrongylus cantonensis were determined for the first time. at the same time, histochemical analyses of the digestive gland of infected and uninfected snails were performed to better understand the possible changes in metabolism of calcium in these organisms. after 1, 2 and 3 weeks of infection, the snails were dissected for collection of haemolymph and separation of tissues. the ... | 2014 | 23290340 |
| effects of infection by larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis (nematoda, metastrongylidae) on the metabolism of the experimental intermediate host biomphalaria glabrata. | the effect of infection by angiostrongylus cantonensis on the activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (alt) and aspartate aminotransferase (ast) and the concentration of total proteins, uric acid and urea in the hemolymph of biomphalaria glabrata were investigated. the snails were dissected after 1, 2 and 3 weeks of infection to collect the hemolymph. the infection by a. cantonensis induced severe changes in the host snail's metabolism, triggering physiological mechanisms to minimize th ... | 2012 | 22429660 |
| susceptibility of biomphalaria glabrata submitted to concomitant infection with angiostrongylus costaricensis and schistosoma mansoni. | the easy adaptation of angiostrongylus costaricensis, nematode responsible for abdominal angiostrongyliasis to several species of terrestrial and freshwater molluscs and the differences observed in the interactions of trematodes with their intermediate hosts have induced us to study the concomitant infection of biomphalaria glabrata with schistosoma mansoni and a. costaricensis. prior exposure of b. glabrata to a. costaricensis (with an interval of 48 hours), favored the development of s. manson ... | 2016 | 27683809 |
| proteolytic activity in the adult and larval stages of the human roundworm parasite angiostrongylus costaricensis. | angiostrongylus costaricensis is a nematode that causes abdominal angiostrongyliasis, a widespread human parasitism in latin america. this study aimed to characterize the protease profiles of different developmental stages of this helminth. first-stage larvae (l1) were obtained from the faeces of infected sigmodon hispidus rodents and third-stage larvae (l3) were collected from mollusks biomphalaria glabrata previously infected with l1. adult worms were recovered from rodent mesenteric arteries. ... | 2012 | 22990964 |
| analysis of circulating haemocytes from biomphalaria glabrata following angiostrongylus vasorum infection using flow cytometry. | angiostrongylus vasorum is an emerging parasite of dogs and related to carnivores that have an indirect life cycle, with a wide range of terrestrial and aquatic gastropods as the obligatory intermediate host. unfortunately, the relationship between a. vasorum and their snail hosts remains poorly understood. circulating haemocytes are the main line of cellular defence involved in the destruction of helminths in snails. aiming to further characterize the haemocyte subsets in biomphalaria snails, w ... | 2012 | 22545202 |
| activation of an innate immune response in the schistosome-transmitting snail biomphalaria glabrata by specific bacterial pamps. | injection of crude lipopolysaccharide (lps) from escherichia coli into the hemocoel of biomphalaria glabrata stimulates cell proliferation in the amebocyte-producing organ (apo). however, it is not known if mitogenic activity resides in the lipid a or o-polysaccharide component of lps. moreover, the possible role of substances that commonly contaminate crude lps and that are known to stimulate innate immune responses in mammals, e.g., peptidoglycan (pgn), protein, or bacterial dna, is unclear. t ... | 2014 | 24113288 |
| new insights into the amphibious life of biomphalaria glabrata and susceptibility of its egg masses to fungal infection. | the air-breathing snail biomphalaria glabrata proliferates in stagnant freshwater, and nothing is known about the survival of eggs in intermittently (rather than perpetually) wet habitats. in the present study their egg masses matured, and juveniles subsequently eclosed and were mobile in a stable water film of transitory habitats simulated by two different simple test devices described here. the viability of eggs maintained in an unstable film however, was diminished. the maturation of egg mass ... | 2015 | 25576771 |
| evaluation of the mitochondrial system in the gonad-digestive gland complex of biomphalaria glabrata (mollusca, gastropoda) after infection by echinostoma paraensei (trematoda, echinostomatidae). | the effect of infection by echinostoma paraensei on the mitochondrial physiology of biomphalaria glabrata was investigated after exposure to 50 miracidia. the snails were dissected one, two, three and four weeks after infection for collection and mechanical permeabilization of the gonad-digestive gland (dgg) complex. the results obtained indicate that prepatent infection by this echinostomatid fluke significantly suppresses the phosphorylation state (respiratory state 3) and basal oxygen consump ... | 2016 | 27079167 |
| the role of fibrinogen-related proteins in the gastropod immune response. | fibrinogen-related proteins or freps constitute a large family of molecules, defined by the presence of a fibrinogen-related domain (fred). these molecules are found in all animals and are diverse in both form and function. here, we review the current understanding of gastropod freps, which are characterized by the presence of a fibrinogen domain connected to one or two immunoglobulin superfamily domains by way of a short interceding region. we present a historical perspective on the discovery o ... | 2015 | 25765166 |
| aerobic to anaerobic transition in biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818) infected with different miracidial doses of echinostoma paraensei (lie and basch, 1967) by high-performance liquid chromatography. | the glucose content in the hemolymph and glycogen content in the digestive gland-gonad complex (dgg) and cephalopedal mass of biomphalaria glabrata exposed to different parasite doses (5 and 50 miracidia) of echinostoma paraensei as well as the activity of lactate dehydrogenase were evaluated. hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography) analyses were also performed to determine the concentrations of four organic acids (oxalic, succinic, pyruvic and lactic) present in the hemolymph of infected ... | 2013 | 23376444 |
| a somatically diversified defense factor, frep3, is a determinant of snail resistance to schistosome infection. | schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, owes its continued success to freshwater snails that support production of prolific numbers of human-infective cercariae. encounters between schistosomes and snails do not always result in the snail becoming infected, in part because snails can mount immune responses that prevent schistosome development. fibrinogen-related protein 3 (frep3) has been previously associated with snail defense against digenetic trematode infection. it is a member of a l ... | 2012 | 22479663 |
| synthesis, cytotoxic activity on leukemia cell lines and quantitative structure-activity relationships (qsar) studies of morita-baylis-hillman adducts. | the morita-baylis-hillman reaction is an organocatalyzed chemical transformation that allows access to small poly-functionalized molecules and has considerable synthetic potential and promising biological profiles. the morita-baylis-hillman adducts (mbha) are a new class of bioactive compounds and highlight its potentialities to the discovery of new cheaper and efficient drugs, e.g. as anti-leishmania chagasi and leishmania amazonensis, anti- trypanosoma cruzi, anti-plasmodium falciparum and pla ... | 2016 | 27150963 |
| molluscicidal and leishmanicidal activity of the leaf essential oil of syzygium cumini (l.) skeels from brazil. | the chemical composition and biological potential of the essential oil extracted from syzygium cumini leaves collected in brazil were examined. gc/ms analyses revealed a high abundance of monoterpenes (87.12%) in the oil. eleven compounds were identified, with the major components being α-pinene (31.85%), (z)-β-ocimene (28.98%), and (e)-β-ocimene (11.71%). to evaluate the molluscicidal effect of the oil, it was tested against biomphalaria glabrata and the lc₅₀ obtained was 90 mg/l. the essential ... | 2013 | 23776029 |
| morita-baylis-hillman adducts: biological activities and potentialities to the discovery of new cheaper drugs. | this review aims to present by the first time the morita-baylis-hillman adducts (mbha) as a new class of bioactive compounds and highlight its potentialities to the discovery of new cheaper and efficient drugs. now, most these compounds can be prepared fast and on a single synthetic step (one-pot reaction) in high yields and using ecofriendly synthetic protocols. we highlight here the aromatic mbha, which have shown diverse biological activities as anti-leishmania chagasi and leishmania amazonen ... | 2012 | 22632793 |
| ribeiroia marini: irradiated miracidia and induction of acquired resistance in biomphalaria glabrata. | | 1982 | 7056343 |
| [the chronobiology of the cercaria of ribeiroia marini (faust and hoffman, 1934) parasite of biomphalaria glabrata: effect of the photoperiod on the rhythm of emergence]. | ribeiroir marini cercariage emerge from the snail-host during the night, according to a circadian rhythm. the photoperiod is the synchronizer of this rhythm. inversion of the photoperiod is immediately followed by inversion of the periodicity of emergence. no cercaria emerge in continuous light conditions. this inhibitory effect of light exerts its influence on the emergence but not on the production of cercariae. the rhythmic emergence is almost maintained in continous dark, but darkness cannot ... | 1975 | 7115 |
| the lbp/bpi multigenic family in invertebrates: evolutionary history and evidences of specialization in mollusks. | lbps (lipopolysaccharide binding proteins) and bpis (bactericidal permeability increasing proteins) are important proteins involved in defense against bacterial pathogens. we recently discovered a novel biocidal activity of a lbp/bpi from the gastropod biomphalaria glabrata and demonstrated its role in parental immune protection of eggs, highlighting the importance of lbp/bpis in invertebrate immunity. here we characterize four additional lbp/bpi from b. glabrata, presenting conserved sequence a ... | 2016 | 26608112 |
| specific versus non-specific immune responses in an invertebrate species evidenced by a comparative de novo sequencing study. | our present understanding of the functioning and evolutionary history of invertebrate innate immunity derives mostly from studies on a few model species belonging to ecdysozoa. in particular, the characterization of signaling pathways dedicated to specific responses towards fungi and gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria in drosophila melanogaster challenged our original view of a non-specific immunity in invertebrates. however, much remains to be elucidated from lophotrochozoan species. to in ... | 2012 | 22427848 |
| regulation of laboratory populations of snails (biomphalaria and bulinus spp.) by river prawns, macrobrachium spp. (decapoda, palaemonidae): implications for control of schistosomiasis. | human schistosomiasis is a common parasitic disease endemic in many tropical and subtropical countries. one barrier to achieving long-term control of this disease has been re-infection of treated patients when they swim, bathe, or wade in surface fresh water infested with snails that harbor and release larval parasites. because some snail species are obligate intermediate hosts of schistosome parasites, removing snails may reduce parasitic larvae in the water, reducing re-infection risk. here, w ... | 2014 | 24388955 |
| development of an in vitro drug screening assay using schistosoma haematobium schistosomula. | the development of novel antischistosomal drugs is crucial, as currently no vaccine and only a single drug is available for the treatment of schistosomiasis. fast and accurate in vitro assays are urgently needed to identify new drug candidates and research efforts should include schistosoma haematobium. the aim of the present study was to develop a s. haematobium drug sensitivity assay based on newly transformed schistosomula (nts). | 2012 | 22876861 |
| identification and functional characterization of oncomelania hupensis macrophage migration inhibitory factor involved in the snail host innate immune response to the parasite schistosoma japonicum. | schistosomiasis, caused by parasitic trematodes of the genus schistosoma, remains a devastating public health problem, with over 200 million people infected and 779 million people at risk worldwide, especially in developing countries. the freshwater amphibious snail oncomelania hupensis is the obligate intermediate host of schistosoma japonicum. this unique and long-standing host-parasite interaction highlights the biomedical importance of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the sn ... | 2017 | 28322847 |
| barbatic acid offers a new possibility for control of biomphalaria glabrata and schistosomiasis. | this study evaluated the biological activity of an ether extract and barbatic acid (bar) from cladia aggregata on embryos and adult mollusks of biomphalaria glabrata, cercariae of schistosoma mansoni and the microcrustacean artemia salina. the ether extract and bar were obtained by successive extractions with diethyl ether. the obtained extracts were analyzed using thin-layer chromatography (tlc), high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹h-nmr) and infra ... | 2017 | 28362351 |
| the compatibility between biomphalaria glabrata snails and schistosoma mansoni: an increasingly complex puzzle. | this review reexamines the results obtained in recent decades regarding the compatibility polymorphism between the snail, biomphalaria glabrata, and the pathogen, schistosoma mansoni, which is one of the agents responsible for human schistosomiasis. some results point to the snail's resistance as explaining the incompatibility, while others support a "matching hypothesis" between the snail's immune receptors and the schistosome's antigens. we propose here that the two hypotheses are not exclusiv ... | 2017 | 28325369 |
| h+ channels in embryonic biomphalaria glabrata cell membranes: putative roles in snail host-schistosome interactions. | the human blood fluke schistosoma mansoni causes intestinal schistosomiasis, a widespread neglected tropical disease. infection of freshwater snails biomphalaria spp. is an essential step in the transmission of s. mansoni to humans, although the physiological interactions between the parasite and its obligate snail host that determine success or failure are still poorly understood. in the present study, the b. glabrata embryonic (bge) cell line, a widely used in vitro model for hemocyte-like act ... | 2017 | 28319196 |
| integrated multi-omic analyses in biomphalaria-schistosoma dialogue reveal the immunobiological significance of frep-smpomuc interaction. | the fresh water snail biomphalaria glabrata is one of the vectors of the trematode pathogen schistosoma mansoni, which is one of the agents responsible of human schistosomiasis. in this host-parasite interaction, co-evolutionary dynamic results into an infectivity mosaic known as compatibility polymorphism. integrative approaches including large scale molecular approaches have been conducted in recent years to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying compatibility. this review pres ... | 2017 | 28257854 |
| a multistrain approach to studying the mechanisms underlying compatibility in the interaction between biomphalaria glabrata and schistosoma mansoni. | in recent decades, numerous studies have sought to better understand the mechanisms underlying the compatibility between biomphalaria glabrata and schistosoma mansoni. the developments of comparative transcriptomics, comparative genomics, interactomics and more targeted approaches have enabled researchers to identify a series of candidate genes. however, no molecular comparative work has yet been performed on multiple populations displaying different levels of compatibility. here, we seek to fil ... | 2017 | 28253264 |
| use of molecular methods for the rapid mass detection of schistosoma mansoni (platyhelminthes: trematoda) in biomphalaria spp. (gastropoda: planorbidae). | the low stringency-polymerase chain reaction (ls-pcr) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays were used to detect the presence of s. mansoni dna in (1) brazilian intermediate hosts (biomphalaria glabrata, b. straminea, and b. tenagophila) with patent s. mansoni infections, (2) b. glabrata snails with prepatent s. mansoni infections, (3) various mixtures of infected and noninfected snails; and (4) snails infected with other trematode species. the assays showed high sensitivity an ... | 2017 | 28246533 |
| schistosome infectivity in the snail, biomphalaria glabrata, is partially dependent on the expression of grctm6, a guadeloupe resistance complex protein. | schistosomiasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases. despite effective chemotherapeutic treatments, this disease continues to afflict hundreds of millions of people. understanding the natural intermediate snail hosts of schistosome parasites is vital to the suppression of this disease. a recently identified genomic region in caribbean biomphalaria glabrata snails strongly influences their resistance to infection by schistosoma mansoni. this region contains novel genes having ... | 2017 | 28158185 |
| the planorbid snail biomphalaria glabrata expresses a hemocyanin-like sequence in the albumen gland. | the parasitic flatworm schistosoma mansoni, causative agent of human intestinal schistosomiasis in south america, relies importantly on the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata as intermediate host to achieve development of cercariae that infect humans. the recommendation from the world health organization (who) to integrate snail control in efforts to counter schistosomiasis transmission provides impetus for in depth study of b. glabrata biology. our analysis indicates that two distinct hemoc ... | 2016 | 28036345 |
| first characterization of viruses from freshwater snails of the genus biomphalaria, the intermediate host of the parasite schistosoma mansoni. | we report the genome sequence and organization of five viruses infecting snails of both biomphalaria glabrata and biomphalaria pfeifferi, which are vectors of the intestinal schistosomiasis. four viruses presented a polyadenylated positive single strand rna genome encoding one or two large open reading frames (orfs) flanked by untranslated region. conserved protein motifs typical of the picorna-like virus superfamily were identified in these viruses but they all presented different genome organi ... | 2017 | 28012902 |
| biompha-lamp: a new rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detecting schistosoma mansoni in biomphalaria glabrata snail host. | schistosomiasis remains one of the most common endemic parasitic diseases affecting over 230 million people worlwide. schistosoma mansoni is the main species causing intestinal and hepatic schistosomiasis and the fresh water pulmonate snails of the genus biomphalaria are best known for their role as intermediate hosts of the parasite. the development of new molecular monitoring assays for large-scale screening of snails from transmission sites to detect the presence of schistosomes is an importa ... | 2016 | 27941967 |
| gpcr and ir genes in schistosoma mansoni miracidia. | schistosoma species are responsible for the disease schistosomiasis, a highly prevalent helminthic disease that requires a freshwater snail as intermediate host. the s. mansoni free-living miracidium must utilize olfaction to find a suitable snail host, and certain types of rhodopsin g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs) and ionotropic receptors (irs) have been identified as olfactory receptors in other animal phyla. the schistosoma genome project, together with the recent availability of proteomi ... | 2016 | 27784323 |
| assessment of the impact of changes in temperature in biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818) melanic and albino variants infected with schistosoma mansoni (sambon, 1907). | fluctuations in population density of planorbid hosts of s. mansoni are influenced by climatic factors. the knowledge about interference from changes in water temperature in these populations is an important aspect of the epidemiology of schistosomiasis. in this experiment, it is explored the influence of different temperatures on the development of schistosoma mansoni in biomphalaria glabrata melanic and albino variants. the results indicated an intrinsic relationship between temperature and de ... | 2016 | 27683811 |
| evaluating the risk of schistosoma mansoni transmission in mainland china. | biomphalaria straminea, an intermediate host of schistosoma mansoni, is predominantly distributed in the south americas and caribbean; however, this snail, as an invasive species, was introduced to shenzhen, southern china, in 1981, and recent epidemiologic surveys demonstrate that the distribution of b. straminea has expanded across the zhujiang river basin, south china. in the presence of continuous importation of s. mansoni-infected cases, there is a growing concern about the transmission of ... | 2016 | 27637225 |
| changes in energetic metabolism of biomphalaria glabrata (mollusca, planorbidae) in response to exogenous calcium. | calcium is considered an essential element for the metabolism of aquatic snail biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818), intermediate host of schistosoma mansoni sambon, 1907 in brazil, and represents a limiting factor to its distribution and adaptation to the environment. this study investigated the effect of different concentrations of exogenous caco3 on the energetic metabolism of b. glabrata for better understanding the physiological interference of chemical elements dissolved in the environment wi ... | 2016 | 27599101 |
| critical analysis of molluscicide application in schistosomiasis control programs in brazil. | in brazil, biomphalaria glabrata, b. tenagophila, and b. straminea are naturally infected by the trematode schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent of schistosomiasis. despite decades of governmental efforts through official control programs, schistosomiasis remains an important public health problem in the country: thousands of people are infected with the trematode each year and millions live in endemic areas. the world health organization recommends using a combination of molluscicide (niclos ... | 2016 | 27374126 |
| effects of abnormal temperature and starvation on the internal defense system of the schistosome-transmitting snail biomphalaria glabrata. | climate change may affect the internal defense system (ids) of freshwater snails, and as a result their capacity to transmit disease. we examined effects of short-term exposure to supra- and sub-optimal temperatures or starvation on 3 parameters of the ids of the schistosome-resistant salvador strain of biomphalaria glabrata - hemocyte concentrations, cell division in the amebocyte-producing organ (apo), and resistance to infection with schistosoma mansoni. adult snails were exposed to 1 of 3 te ... | 2016 | 27261059 |
| ionotropic receptors identified within the tentacle of the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata, an intermediate host of schistosoma mansoni. | biomphalaria glabrata (b. glabrata) is an air-breathing aquatic mollusc found in freshwater habitats across the western hemisphere. it is most well-known for its recognized capacity to act as a major intermediate host for schistosoma mansoni, the human blood fluke parasite. ionotropic receptors (irs), a variant family of the ionotropic glutamate receptors (iglur), have an evolutionary ancient function in detecting odors to initiate chemosensory signaling. in this study, we applied an array of me ... | 2016 | 27253696 |
| epigenetic modulation, stress and plasticity in susceptibility of the snail host, biomphalaria glabrata, to schistosoma mansoni infection. | blood flukes are the causative agent of schistosomiasis - a major neglected tropical disease that remains endemic in numerous countries of the tropics and sub-tropics. during the past decade, a concerted effort has been made to control the spread of schistosomiasis, using a drug intervention program aimed at curtailing transmission. these efforts notwithstanding, schistosomiasis has re-emerged in southern europe, raising concerns that global warming could contribute to the spread of this disease ... | 2016 | 27056272 |
| a novel toll-like receptor (tlr) influences compatibility between the gastropod biomphalaria glabrata, and the digenean trematode schistosoma mansoni. | schistosomiasis, a devastating disease caused by parasitic flatworms of the genus schistosoma, affects over 260 million people worldwide especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions. schistosomes must undergo their larval development within specific species of snail intermediate hosts, a trait that is shared among almost all digenean trematodes. this unique and long-standing host-parasite relationship presents an opportunity to study both the importance of conserved immunological features in ... | 2016 | 27015424 |
| a novel mechanism of immune memory unveiled at the invertebrate-parasite interface. | pinaud et al. recently provided the first global investigation of the molecular processes underlying innate immune memory in an invertebrate species. they showed that the memory response of the snail biomphalaria glabrata to schistosoma mansoni infection is associated with a shift from cellular to humoral mechanisms. | 2016 | 26953517 |
| first report of schistosomiasis on serrambi beach, ipojuca, state of pernambuco. | the expansion of schistosomiasis to previously unaffected areas is being monitored by identifying new cases and georeferencing outbreaks of vector snails. | 2015 | 26676508 |
| pathogen-associated molecular patterns activate expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, immunity and detoxification in the amebocyte-producing organ of the snail biomphalaria glabrata. | the anterior pericardial wall of the snail biomphalaria glabrata has been identified as a site of hemocyte production, hence has been named the amebocyte-producing organ (apo). a number of studies have shown that exogenous abiotic and biotic substances, including pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps), are able to stimulate apo mitotic activity and/or enlarge its size, implying a role for the apo in innate immunity. the molecular mechanisms underlying such responses have not yet been exp ... | 2016 | 26592964 |
| genotypic variation in host response to infection affects parasite reproductive rate. | parasite fitness is largely influenced by a variation in host response due to the host's genetic background. here we investigated the impact of host genotype on pathogen success in the snail vector of its castrating parasite, schistosoma mansoni. we infected five inbred lines of biomphalaria glabrata with two infection doses and followed their growth, reproductive output and parasite production throughout the course of infection. there was no difference in resistance to infection among inbred li ... | 2016 | 26552016 |
| polymorphic mucin-like proteins in schistosoma mansoni, a variable antigen and a key component of the compatibility between the schistosome and its snail host. | the arms race between vertebrate hosts and parasites has led to diversification systems able to generate huge repertoires of immune recognition receptors and antigenic variants. until recently, the invertebrate immunity was considered to be poorly specific, and consequently, antigenic variability was not expected to be high for their respective parasites. in the present chapter, we show how the study of the interaction between the snail biomphalaria glabrata and its parasite schistosome mansoni ... | 2015 | 26537378 |
| susceptibility of snails to infection with schistosomes is influenced by temperature and expression of heat shock proteins. | the freshwater snail, biomphalaria glabrata is the obligate intermediate host for the transmission of the parasitic trematode, schistosoma mansoni the causative agent of the chronic debilitating neglected tropical disease, schistosomiasis. we showed previously that in juvenile snails, early and significant induction of stress manifested by the expression of stress proteins, hsp 70, hsp 90 and reverse transcriptase (rt) of the non- ltr retrotransposon, nimbus, is a characteristic feature of juven ... | 2015 | 26504668 |
| genome-wide scan and test of candidate genes in the snail biomphalaria glabrata reveal new locus influencing resistance to schistosoma mansoni. | new strategies to combat the global scourge of schistosomiasis may be revealed by increased understanding of the mechanisms by which the obligate snail host can resist the schistosome parasite. however, few molecular markers linked to resistance have been identified and characterized in snails. | 2015 | 26372103 |
| identification of nuclear factor kappab (nf-κb) binding motifs in biomphalaria glabrata. | biomphalaria glabrata acts as the intermediate host to the parasite, schistosoma mansoni, and for this reason, the immune system of b. glabrata has been researched extensively. several studies have demonstrated that the transcriptome profile of b. glabrata changes following exposure to a variety of pathogens, yet very little is known regarding the regulation of gene expression in this species. nuclear factor kappab (nf-κb) homologues have recently been identified in b. glabrata but few functiona ... | 2015 | 26277107 |
| [the study of daughter rediae echinostoma caproni (trematoda) in vitro cultivation]. | methods of in vitro cultivation were used to examine the feeding and reproductive behaviors of daughter rediae of echinostoma caproni. it was noted that under conditions of in vitro cultivation, rediae fed on tissues of the mollusc biomphalaria glabrata, on rediae and cercariae of e. daikenaensis and e. congoensis, and on sporocysts and cercariae of schistosoma mansoni. no cases of cannibalism of daughter rediae e. caproni by their offspring rediae were observed, although they could feed on thei ... | 2015 | 25936167 |
| cytometric analysis, genetic manipulation and antibiotic selection of the snail embryonic cell line bge from biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host of schistosoma mansoni. | the invertebrate cell line, bge, from embryos of the snail biomphalaria glabrata, remains to date the only established cell line from any species of the phylum mollusca. since its establishment in 1976 by eder hansen, few studies have focused on profiling its cytometrics, growth characteristics or sensitivity to xenobiotics. bge cells are reputed to be challenging to propagate and maintain. therefore, even though this cell line is a noteworthy resource, it has not been studied widely. with growi ... | 2015 | 25907768 |
| assessment of toxicity of moringa oleifera flower extract to biomphalaria glabrata, schistosoma mansoni and artemia salina. | this study reports the effect of an aqueous extract from moringa oleifera lam. flowers on biomphalaria glabrata embryos and adults and on schistosoma mansoni adult worms. the extract contains tannins, saponins, flavones, flavonols, xanthones, and trypsin inhibitor activity. the toxicity of the extract on artemia salina larvae was also investigated to determine the safety of its use for schistosomiasis control. after incubation for 24h, the flower extract significantly (p<0.05) delayed the develo ... | 2015 | 25867917 |
| the nuclear receptors of biomphalaria glabrata and lottia gigantea: implications for developing new model organisms. | nuclear receptors (nrs) are transcription regulators involved in an array of diverse physiological functions including key roles in endocrine and metabolic function. the aim of this study was to identify nuclear receptors in the fully sequenced genome of the gastropod snail, biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host for schistosoma mansoni and compare these to known vertebrate nrs, with a view to assessing the snail's potential as a invertebrate model organism for endocrine function, both as a pr ... | 2015 | 25849443 |
| hyperdiverse gene cluster in snail host conveys resistance to human schistosome parasites. | schistosomiasis, a neglected global pandemic, may be curtailed by blocking transmission of the parasite via its intermediate hosts, aquatic snails. elucidating the genetic basis of snail-schistosome interaction is a key to this strategy. here we map a natural parasite-resistance polymorphism from a caribbean population of the snail biomphalaria glabrata. in independent experimental evolution lines, rad genotyping shows that the same genomic region responds to selection for resistance to the para ... | 2015 | 25775214 |
| changes in the locomotory and reproductive behavior of biomphalaria glabrata infected with schistosoma mansoni. | the infection and development of a parasite may cause physiological, morphological and behavioral changes in its host. changes in the locomotory activity of a host induced by their parasites may also influence the life-cycles of both host and parasite in the environment. the aim of the present work was to evaluate the locomotory activities of biomphalaria glabrata before and after an experimental infection with schistosoma mansoni relating to the shedding of cercaria. in addition, the reproducti ... | 2015 | 25765559 |
| advances in gastropod immunity from the study of the interaction between the snail biomphalaria glabrata and its parasites: a review of research progress over the last decade. | this review summarizes the research progress made over the past decade in the field of gastropod immunity resulting from investigations of the interaction between the snail biomphalaria glabrata and its trematode parasites. a combination of integrated approaches, including cellular, genetic and comparative molecular and proteomic approaches have revealed novel molecular components involved in mediating biomphalaria immune responses that provide insights into the nature of host-parasite compatibi ... | 2015 | 25662712 |
| fucoidan stimulates cell division in the amebocyte-producing organ of the schistosome-transmitting snail biomphalaria glabrata. | adult salvador (schistosome-resistant) strain biomphalaria glabrata snails were injected with 5 μl of 10 mg/ml solutions of the sulfated polysaccharides λ carageenan, dextran sulfate, fucoidan, and heparin, the nonsulfated polysaccharide laminarin, and the monosaccharides l-fucose and l-galactose, and mitotic activity in the amebocyte-producing organ (apo) was measured in histological sections at 24 h post injection. among the substances tested, only fucoidan induced elevated mitotic activity. d ... | 2014 | 25233872 |
| characterization of α-l-fucosidase and other digestive hydrolases from biomphalaria glabrata. | schistosoma mansoni is one of the major agents of the disease schistosomiasis, which is one of the major global public health concerns. biomphalaria glabrata is an obligate intermediate mollusc host of s. mansoni. although the development of s. mansoni occurs in the snail hepatopancreas, studies that focus on this organ remain limited. in this study, we biochemically identified five distinct carbohydrases (amylase, maltase, α-glucosidase, trehalase, and α-l-fucosidase), lipases, and peptidases i ... | 2015 | 25218034 |
| differential spatial repositioning of activated genes in biomphalaria glabrata snails infected with schistosoma mansoni. | schistosomiasis is an infectious disease infecting mammals as the definitive host and fresh water snails as the intermediate host. understanding the molecular and biochemical relationship between the causative schistosome parasite and its hosts will be key to understanding and ultimately treating and/or eradicating the disease. there is increasing evidence that pathogens that have co-evolved with their hosts can manipulate their hosts' behaviour at various levels to augment an infection. bacteri ... | 2014 | 25211244 |
| long-term effect of mass chemotherapy, transmission and risk factors for schistosoma mansoni infection in very low endemic communities of venezuela. | the prevalence of schistosoma mansoni infection in venezuela has changed from high to low due mostly to successful control activities, including mass chemotherapy and molluscicide applications. this study examined the impact of mass chemotherapy on s. mansoni transmission and risk factors for infection 12 years after administration of praziquantel in venezuela. two relatively isolated rural communities were studied, one with snail control (manuare) and the second without (los naranjos). a cross- ... | 2014 | 25128702 |
| schistosomes and snails: a molecular encounter. | biomphalaria glabrata snails play an integral role in the transmission of schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent for human schistosomiasis in the western hemisphere. for the past two decades, tremendous advances have been made in research aimed at elucidating the molecular basis of the snail/parasite interaction. the growing concern that there is no vaccine to prevent schistosomiasis and only one effective drug in existence provides the impetus to develop new control strategies based on elimin ... | 2014 | 25101114 |
| determination and quantification of schistosoma mansoni cercarial emergence from biomphalaria glabrata snails. | living and fixed samples of schistosoma mansoni -infected biomphalaria glabrata snails were used to determine the relative contributions of different snail tissues to cercarial emergence (shedding). three methods of observations were employed: (1) direct microscopical observations of shedding snails; (2) microscopic analysis of 5 μm serial sections (h&e stained) of actively shedding snails; and (3) scanning electron microscopic (sem) observations of snails that were fixed while actively shedding ... | 2014 | 25019357 |
| study of the snail intermediate hosts for schistosoma mansoni on itamaracá island in northeast brazil: spatial displacement of biomphalaria glabrata by biomphalaria straminea. | in 2012 a malacological survey of the breeding sites of biomphalaria glabrata and b. straminea , the two intermediate host snails of schistosoma mansoni , was carried out on itamaraca island in pernambuco, brazil. this study has now been extended by studying the competition between the two species. snails were collected and dissected to identify the species and tests were performed to verify s. mansoni infection. student's t test was used to compare the proportion between the two species and the ... | 2014 | 24893012 |
| excreted/secreted schistosoma mansoni venom allergen-like 9 (smval9) modulates host extracellular matrix remodelling gene expression. | the schistosoma mansoni venom allergen-like (smval) protein family consists of 29 members, each possessing a conserved α-β-α sandwich tertiary feature called the sperm-coating protein/tpx-1/ag5/pr-1/sc7 (scp/taps) domain. while the smvals have been found in both excretory/secretory (e/s) products and in intra/sub-tegumental (non-e/s) fractions, the role(s) of this family in host/parasite relationships or schistosome developmental processes remains poorly resolved. in order to begin quantifying s ... | 2014 | 24859313 |
| multi-parasite host susceptibility and multi-host parasite infectivity: a new approach of the biomphalaria glabrata/schistosoma mansoni compatibility polymorphism. | in this study, we analyze the degree of susceptibility/un-susceptibility of five strains of biomphalaria glabrata from different geographical origins successively challenged with a panel of 4 schistosoma mansoni strains. a total of 20 homopatric and heteropatric host-parasite combinations were tested with exposure doses of 1, 10, 20, 30 and 50 miracidia per individual host. by doing this, we characterized each b. glabrata strain by its "multi-parasite susceptibility phenotype" that reflects bett ... | 2014 | 24837670 |
| disentangling the effects of exposure and susceptibility on transmission of the zoonotic parasite schistosoma mansoni. | for all parasites, transmission is composed of two processes: host contact with parasites ('exposure') and risk of infection given such contact ('susceptibility'). classic models, such as mass action (density-dependent) transmission, lump these processes together. however, separating these processes could enhance predictions for disease dynamics, especially for free-living parasites. here, we outline three transmission models that partition exposure and susceptibility. using data from a study of ... | 2014 | 24702134 |
| differences in the gene expression profiles of haemocytes from schistosome-susceptible and -resistant biomphalaria glabrata exposed to schistosoma mansoni excretory-secretory products. | during its life cycle, the helminth parasite schistosoma mansoni uses the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata as an intermediate host to reproduce asexually generating cercariae for infection of the human definitive host. following invasion of the snail, the parasite develops from a miracidium to a mother sporocyst and releases excretory-secretory products (esps) that likely influence the outcome of host infection. to better understand molecular interactions between these esps and the host sn ... | 2014 | 24663063 |
| freshwater gastropods of the baixada maranhense microregion, an endemic area for schistosomiasis in the state of maranhão, brazil: i - qualitative study. | the baixada maranhense microregion currently has the highest prevalence of schistosomiasis in the state of maranhão, likely because this parasitosis is characterized as an occupational disease, and increased contact with water increases the risk of infection by schistosoma mansoni. this paper reports the results of the first comprehensive freshwater malacological survey performed in the baixada maranhense microregion. | 2014 | 24603742 |
| risk analysis for occurrences of schistosomiasis in the coastal area of porto de galinhas, pernambuco, brazil. | manson's schistosomiasis continues to be a severe public health problem in brazil, where thousands of people live under the risk of contracting this parasitosis. in the northeast of brazil, schistosomiasis has expanded from rural areas to the coast of pernambuco state, where the intermediate host is biomphalaria glabrata snails. this study aims at presenting situational analyses on schistosomiasis at the coastal locality of porto de galinhas, pernambuco, brazil, by determining the risk factors r ... | 2014 | 24559264 |
| a penta-substituted pyridine alkaloid from the rhizome of jatropha elliptica (pohl) muell. arg. is active against schistosoma mansoni and biomphalaria glabrata. | jatropha elliptica is a shrub distributed throughout the north and west of brazil and reputedly possesses a wide range of therapeutical properties. the roots of this plant possess molluscicidal activity and contain terpenoids, coumarin, lignoid, steroids and alkaloid. in the present study, we assessed the schistosomicidal, miracicidal and cercaricidal activities (against schistosoma mansoni) and molluscicidal activities (against adults and egg masses of biomphalaria glabrata) of the alkaloid die ... | 2014 | 24500523 |
| localization of tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity in the nervous systems of biomphalaria glabrata and biomphalaria alexandrina, intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis. | planorbid snails of the genus biomphalaria are major intermediate hosts for the digenetic trematode parasite schistosoma mansoni. evidence suggests that levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine (da) are reduced during the course of s. mansoni multiplication and transformation within the snail. this investigation used immunohistochemical methods to localize tyrosine hydroxylase (th), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines, in the nervous system of biomphalaria. the two spec ... | 2014 | 24477836 |
| private selective sweeps identified from next-generation pool-sequencing reveal convergent pathways under selection in two inbred schistosoma mansoni strains. | the trematode flatworms of the genus schistosoma, the causative agents of schistosomiasis, are among the most prevalent parasites in humans, affecting more than 200 million people worldwide. in this study, we focused on two well-characterized strains of s. mansoni, to explore signatures of selection. both strains are highly inbred and exhibit differences in life history traits, in particular in their compatibility with the intermediate host biomphalaria glabrata. | 2013 | 24349597 |
| ovicidal effect of piperaceae species on biomphalaria glabrata, schistosoma mansoni host. | schistosomiasis is a neglected disease with public health importance in tropical and subtropical regions. an alternative to the disease control is the use of molluscicides to eliminate or reduce the intermediate host snail population causing a reduction of transmission in endemic regions. in this study nine extracts from eight piperaceae species were evaluated against biomphalaria glabrata embryos at blastula stage. the extracts were evaluated in concentrations ranging from 100 to 10 mg/l. piper ... | 2017 | 24213196 |
| an ecological model for quantitative risk assessment for schistosomiasis: the case of a patchy environment in the coastal tropical area of northeastern brazil. | we developed a stochastic model for quantitative risk assessment for the schistosoma mansoni (sm) parasite, which causes an endemic disease of public concern. the model provides answers in a useful format for public health decisions, uses data and expert opinion, and can be applied to any landscape where the snail biomphalaria glabrata is the main intermediate host (south and central america, the caribbean, and africa). it incorporates several realistic and case-specific features: stage-structur ... | 2014 | 24200189 |
| schistosoma mansoni mucin gene (smpomuc) expression: epigenetic control to shape adaptation to a new host. | the digenetic trematode schistosoma mansoni is a human parasite that uses the mollusc biomphalaria glabrata as intermediate host. specific s. mansoni strains can infect efficiently only certain b. glabrata strains (compatible strain) while others are incompatible. strain-specific differences in transcription of a conserved family of polymorphic mucins (smpomucs) in s. mansoni are the principle determinants for this compatibility. in the present study, we investigated the bases of the control of ... | 2013 | 24009504 |
| effects of schistosoma mansoni infection on lutein and β-carotene concentrations in biomphalaria glabrata snails as determined by quantitative high performance reversed phase thin-layer chromatography. | high performance thin-layer chromatography was used to determine the concentration of β-carotene and lutein in the whole body and digestive gland-gonad complex (dgg) of uninfected biomphalaria glabrata snails and those infected with schistosoma mansoni for 6 and 8 weeks. pigments were extracted from the snails using acetone and separated on emd millipore reversed phase c-18 plates with concentration zone using petroleum ether-acetonitrile-methanol (1:1:2) mobile phase. after development, two yel ... | 2013 | 23990420 |
| the pampulha reservoir remains a potential urban focus of schistosomiasis mansoni in brazil: changes in the occurrence patterns of biomphalaria species and a new record of the parasite. | the pampulha reservoir has long been a focus of schistosomiasis transmission in belo horizonte, state of minas gerais, brazil. the last malacological study conducted in this urban reservoir was more than two decades ago, and thus, an update on the distribution of the species of biomphalaria as well as new data on the presence of schistosoma mansoni in this water body are required. | 2013 | 23970308 |
| female biased sex-ratio in schistosoma mansoni after exposure to an allopatric intermediate host strain of biomphalaria glabrata. | for parasites that require multiple hosts to complete their development, the interaction with the intermediate host may have an impact on parasite transmission and development in the definitive host. the human parasite schistosoma mansoni needs two different hosts to complete its life cycle: the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata (in south america) as intermediate host and a human or rodents as final host. to investigate the influence of the host environment on life history traits in the abs ... | 2013 | 23948341 |
| biomphalaria alexandrina in egypt: past, present and future. | the african species of biomphalaria appeared as a result of the relatively recent west-to-east trans-atlantic dispersal of the biomphalaria glabrata-like taxon. in egypt, biomphalaria alexandrina is the intermediate host for schistosoma mansoni. biomphalaria alexandrina originated in the area between alexandria and rosetta and has historically been confined to the nile delta. schistosoma mansoni reached egypt via infected slaves and baboons from the land of punt through migrations that occurred ... | 2013 | 23938396 |
| elucidating the temporal and spatial dynamics of biomphalaria glabrata genetic diversity in three brazilian villages. | the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata is the principal intermediate host for the parasite schistosoma mansoni within brazil. we assessed the potential effects of snail population dynamics on parasite transmission dynamics via population genetics. | 2013 | 23911082 |
| acute schistosomiasis diagnosis: a new tool for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in a group of travelers recently infected in a new focus of schistosoma mansoni. | the diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni on early stages of infection is important to prevent late morbidity. a simple, cheap, sensitive and specific assay for routine diagnosis of schistosome infection based on the detection of specific igg for schistosomula tegument antigens (elisa-smteg) was developed by our group. | 2015 | 23740077 |
| concomitant immunity to schistosoma mansoni in mice. | the aim of the present study was to confirm observations on the concomitant immunity to schistosoma mansoni in mice and assess its effects on the resistance of mice to a challenge infection. | 2013 | 23619040 |
| biological, biochemical and histopathological features related to parasitic castration of biomphalaria glabrata infected by schistosoma mansoni. | parasitic castration in the snail-trematode relationship can be understood as any change in the reproductive function of the snail that is due to interference by the developing larvae inside the snail that leads to the reduction or complete disruption of egg-laying activity. this study was designed to observe the parasitic castration of biomphalaria glabrata infected with schistosoma mansoni during both the pre-patent and patent periods. the effect of infection on snail fecundity and fertility, ... | 2013 | 23541880 |
| evidence for specific genotype-dependent immune priming in the lophotrochozoan biomphalaria glabrata snail. | historically, the prevailing view in the field of invertebrate immunity was that invertebrates that do not possess acquired adaptive immunity rely on innate mechanisms with low specificity and no memory. several recent studies have shaken this paradigm and suggested that the immune defenses of invertebrates are more complex and specific than previously thought. mounting evidence has shown that at least some invertebrates (mainly ecdysozoa) show high levels of specificity in their immune response ... | 2013 | 23343530 |
| early differential gene expression in haemocytes from resistant and susceptible biomphalaria glabrata strains in response to schistosoma mansoni. | the outcome of infection in the host snail biomphalaria glabrata with the digenean parasite schistosoma mansoni is determined by the initial molecular interplay occurring between them. the mechanisms by which schistosomes evade snail immune recognition to ensure survival are not fully understood, but one possibility is that the snail internal defence system is manipulated by the schistosome enabling the parasite to establish infection. this study provides novel insights into the nature of schist ... | 2012 | 23300533 |
| molecular assessment of trematode co-infection and intraspecific competition in molluscan intermediate hosts. | in natural populations of the human parasite schistosoma mansoni, parasite distribution among snail intermediate hosts is generally overdispersed, such that a small proportion of hosts harbor the majority of parasite genotypes. within these few infected snails, researchers have found that it can be common for hosts to harbor multiple parasite genotypes, creating circumstances in which co-infecting parasites are faced with potential competition over limited host resources. much theoretical modeli ... | 2013 | 23261358 |
| experimental evaluation of the pathogenicity of different strains of schistosoma mansoni. | the pathogenesis of three different schistosoma mansoni strains from the brazilian states of minas gerais (bh strain) and são paulo (sj and sd strains) was evaluated in experimentally infected mice. observations of the most severe clinical cases among local patients treated (sd strain) in the city of campinas (são paulo, brazil) formed the basis of this study. mice were used as definitive hosts and were infected with cercariae from biomphalaria tenagophila (sj and sd strains) and biomphalaria gl ... | 2012 | 23209457 |
| circulating biomphalaria glabrata hemocyte subpopulations possess shared schistosome glycans and receptors capable of binding larval glycoconjugates. | host lectin-like recognition molecules may play an important role in innate resistance in biomphalaria glabrata snails to larval schistosome infection, thus implicating parasite-expressed glycans as putative ligands for these lectin receptors. while host lectins may utilize specific glycan structures for parasite recognition, it also has been hypothesized that the parasite may use this system to evade immune detection by mimicking naturally-expressed host glycans, resulting in reduced immunoreco ... | 2013 | 23085445 |
| the significance of the amoebocyte-producing organ in biomphalaria glabrata. | in molluscs, internal defence against microorganisms is performed by a single cell type, i.e., the haemocyte or amoebocyte. the origin of these cells in biomphalaria glabrata was initially thought to be localised within the vasculo-connective tissue. more recently, origin from a single organ, termed the amoebocyte-producing organ (apo), has been postulated based on the occurrence of hyperplasia and mitoses during schistosoma mansoni infection. the present investigation represents a histological, ... | 2012 | 22850949 |
| effects of cu/zn superoxide dismutase (sod1) genotype and genetic background on growth, reproduction and defense in biomphalaria glabrata. | resistance of the snail biomphalaria glabrata to the trematode schistosoma mansoni is correlated with allelic variation at copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (sod1). we tested whether there is a fitness cost associated with carrying the most resistant allele in three outbred laboratory populations of snails. these three populations were derived from the same base population, but differed in average resistance. under controlled laboratory conditions we found no cost of carrying the most resistant a ... | 2012 | 22724037 |
| host susceptibility is altered by light intensity after exposure to parasites. | translating research advances to natural systems using experimental laboratory studies is often difficult because of the variability between the natural environment and experimental conditions. because environmental conditions have a large effect on an organism's physiology, responses to stressors like nutrient limitation, temperature, oxygen deprivation, predation, and parasite/pathogen infection are likely to be context dependent. therefore, it is essential to examine the impact the study envi ... | 2012 | 22642977 |
| reversing the resistance phenotype of the biomphalaria glabrata snail host schistosoma mansoni infection by temperature modulation. | biomphalaria glabrata snails that display either resistant or susceptible phenotypes to the parasitic trematode, schistosoma mansoni provide an invaluable resource towards elucidating the molecular basis of the snail-host/schistosome relationship. previously, we showed that induction of stress genes either after heat-shock or parasite infection was a major feature distinguishing juvenile susceptible snails from their resistant counterparts. in order to examine this apparent association between h ... | 2012 | 22577362 |
| the relationship between genetic variability and the susceptibility of biomphalaria alexandrina snails to schistosoma mansoni infection. | in the present study, biomphalaria snails collected from five egyptian governorates (giza, fayoum, kafr el-sheikh, ismailia and damietta), as well as reference control biomphalaria alexandrina snails from the schistosome biological supply center (sbsc) (theodor bilharz research institute, egypt), were subjected to species-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays to identify the collected species. all of the collected snails were found to be b. alexandrina and there was no evidence of the ... | 2012 | 22510827 |
| plagiorchis elegans (trematoda) induces immune response in an incompatible snail host biomphalaria glabrata (pulmonata: planorbidae). | plagiorchis elegans has been shown to decrease the fecundity and survivorship of the incompatible snail host biomphalaria glabrata. furthermore, a prior infection with p. elegans was shown to render the snails resistant to the compatible parasite schistosoma mansoni. here, we test the hypothesis that infection with p. elegans stimulates the immune system of b. glabrata. our findings indicate that infection by p. elegans significantly increased the number of free hemocytes in the hemolymph of b. ... | 2012 | 22448777 |
| glycotope sharing between snail hemolymph and larval schistosomes: larval transformation products alter shared glycan patterns of plasma proteins. | recent evidence supports the involvement of inducible, highly diverse lectin-like recognition molecules in snail hemocyte-mediated responses to larval schistosoma mansoni. because host lectins likely are involved in initial parasite recognition, we sought to identify specific carbohydrate structures (glycans) shared between larval s. mansoni and its host biomphalaria glabrata to address possible mechanisms of immune avoidance through mimicry of elements associated with the host immunoreactivity. ... | 2012 | 22448293 |
| localization of serotonin in the nervous system of biomphalaria glabrata, an intermediate host for schistosomiasis. | the digenetic trematode schistosoma mansoni that causes the form of schistosomiasis found in the western hemisphere requires the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata as its primary intermediate host. it has been proposed that the transition from the free-living s. mansoni miracidium to parasitic mother sporocyst depends on uptake of biogenic amines, e.g. serotonin, from the snail host. however, little is known about potential sources of serotonin in b. glabrata tissues. this investigation exam ... | 2012 | 22434538 |
| age/size- and time-specific effects of schistosoma mansoni on energy allocation patterns of its snail host biomphalaria glabrata. | snail hosts of different ages constitute different resource environments for larval trematodes because each individual has a particular energy budget and energy allocation pattern at the time of infection. effects of monomiracidial trematode infections on shell growth, body dry weight and reproductive effort of the snail host were compared between controls and infected juvenile and adult snails during the prepatent and patent periods. the results demonstrate phenotypic plasticity in the host res ... | 1997 | 28307620 |
| decline of a sylvatic focus of schistosoma mansoni in guadeloupe (french west indies) following the competitive displacement of the snail host biomphalaria glabrata by ampullaria glauca. | grand etang lake in guadeloupe is a focus of intestinal schistosomiasis characterized by the virtual absence of human contact and the presence of a heavily infested rat population. the lake, with a surface area of 0.03 km(2), is situated in rain forest at an altitude of 450 m. originally it contained an extensive belt of the floating plant pistia stratiotes which provided a favourable habitat for biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host snail of schistosoma mansoni. in 1974 and 1975, a low p ... | 1988 | 28311831 |
| [molluscacide activity of a mixture of 6-n-alkyl salicylic acids (anacardic acid) and 2 of its complexes with copper (ii) and lead (ii)]. | the molluscicide activity of hexanic extract from anacardium occidentale l. (cashew) nut shell, of copper (ii) complex, of lead (ii) complex and anacardic acid has been compared in the laboratory in an attempt to obtain better stability than anacardic acid. this was obtained from the hexanic extract of the cashew nut shell by precipitation with lead (ii) hydroxide or cupric sulfate plus sodium hydroxide or (ii) cupric hydroxide followed by treatment of lead (ii) complex with a diluted solution o ... | 2013 | 2133588 |
| anacardic acid: molluscicide in cashew nut shell liquid. | the components of anacardic acid, (a mixture of 6-n-c (15) alkylsalicylic acids whose side chains vary in degrees of unsaturation) have been isolated by high pressure liquid chromatography from a crude extract of cashew nut shell, anacardium occidentale, and tested for toxicity to fresh water snails, biomphalaria glabrata. the triene component is the most toxic form (lc (50) 0.35 ppm), the diene and monoene components are less toxic (lc (50) 0.9 and 1.4 ppm), and the saturated component is relat ... | 1982 | 17402106 |
| molluscicidal saponins from anagallis arvensis against schistosome intermediate hosts. | the molluscicidal activity of saponins isolated from the plant anagallis arvensis (primulaceae) was studied against schistosome intermediate hosts, biomphalaria glabrata and oncomelania quadrasi. @strong molluscicidal activity was found in two compounds called desglucoanagalloside b and anagalloside b. their structures were identified on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic analyses and their activities are comparable to that of the synthetic molluscicide, niclosamide. | 2000 | 10777853 |