| the next opportunity in anti-malaria drug discovery: the liver stage. | | 2011 | 21966266 |
| Diagnosis and therapy for hospitalized imported malaria in adults in Italy. | The diagnosis and treatment of malaria in non-endemic countries presents a continuing challenge. | 2011 | 22017713 |
| Plasmodium species co-infection as a cause of treatment failure. | We report a case of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium malariae coinfection with associated failure of clinical response to artemether + lumefantrine therapy. This case highlights the need to consider co-infection in the setting of apparent treatment failure and the impact of mixed species infection upon host dynamics and clinical presentation. Recognition of malarial co-infection is clinically important for determining appropriate therapy and preventing disease sequelae. | 2011 | 22137441 |
| An exhaustive, non-euclidean, non-parametric data mining tool for unraveling the complexity of biological systems--novel insights into malaria. | Complex, high-dimensional data sets pose significant analytical challenges in the post-genomic era. Such data sets are not exclusive to genetic analyses and are also pertinent to epidemiology. There has been considerable effort to develop hypothesis-free data mining and machine learning methodologies. However, current methodologies lack exhaustivity and general applicability. Here we use a novel non-parametric, non-euclidean data mining tool, HyperCube®, to explore exhaustively a complex epidemi ... | 2011 | 21931645 |
| [A history of malaria in modern Korea 1876-1945]. | Although it is not certain when malaria began to appear in Korea, malaria is believed to have been an endemic disease from ancient times. It was Dr. H. N. Allen (1858-1932) who made the first description and diagnosis of malaria in terms of Western medicine. In his first year report (1885) of Korean Government Hospital he mentioned malaria as the most prevalent disease. Very effective anti-malarial drug quinine was imported and it made great contribution in treating malaria. After Japan had anne ... | 2011 | 21894070 |
| Evaluation of the Clearview® Malaria pLDH Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test in a non-endemic setting. | Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) are widely used to diagnose malaria. The present study evaluated a new RDT, the Clearview® Malaria pLDH test targeting the pan-Plasmodium antigen lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). | 2011 | 21951996 |
| malaria rapid diagnostic tests in elimination settings--can they find the last parasite? | rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) for malaria have improved the availability of parasite-based diagnosis throughout the malaria-endemic world. accurate malaria diagnosis is essential for malaria case management, surveillance, and elimination. rdts are inexpensive, simple to perform, and provide results in 15-20 min. despite high sensitivity and specificity for plasmodium falciparum infections, rdts have several limitations that may reduce their utility in low-transmission settings: they do not relia ... | 2011 | 21910780 |
| case report and clinical databased research study on malaria. | malaria is endemic in gujarat and the adjoining areas like many other parts of the india. depending upon the environmental conditions different species of malarial parasite are found in different areas. the present study was planned to see the pattern of malarial infection diagnosed at b.j. desai trust hospital, kheda, gujarat | 2010 | 22247827 |
| [quantitative detection and species identificaton of human plasmodium spp. by using sybr green i based real-time pcr]. | to develop a real-time pcr method for human plasmodium spp. qantitative detection and species identificaton. | 2011 | 22379826 |
| [pathological peculiarities of chronic kidney disease in patient from sub-saharan africa. review of data from the democratic republic of the congo]. | chronic kidney disease (ckd) is a major global public health problem. but kidney involvement is more common and appears more severe in africa than in developed countries. the likely causes of end stage renal disease (esrd) or ckd stage 3 and above in developed countries are diabetes, hypertension and less frequently glomerular diseases. in contrast, in decreasing order in africa are glomerulopathies, hypertension and diabetes. the reasons for this preponderance of glomerular diseases are not ful ... | 2011 | 22325313 |
| prevalence of malaria infection in sarbaz, sistan and bluchistan province. | to survey malaria prevalence in sarbaz from april 2009 to october 2010. | 2011 | 23569820 |
| plasmodium malariae-infected erythrocytes in the peripheral blood, liver, stomach and duodenum: an ultrastructural study. | we examined the ultrastructure of plasmodium malariae-infected erythrocytes in peripheral blood and tissue biopsies of the liver, stomach, and duodenum from three patients infected with p. malariae. ultrastructural features of p. malariae-infected erythrocytes in peripheral blood appear similar to those described previously. the surface membranes of p. malariae-infected erythrocytes had numerous knobs, as seen in p. falciparum-infected erythrocytes. there was no evidence of p. malariae-infected ... | 2012 | 23431813 |
| [plasmodium knowlesi: an emerging species in humans?]. | plasmodium knowlesi is typically found in macaques and has recently been recognized as the fifth plasmodium species to cause malaria in humans. several cases of p. knowlesi malaria have been reported in people in southeast asia. most cases are simple but approximately one in 10 patients develops complications. the morphology of p. knowlesi parasites in human infections closely resembles that of plasmodium malariae or plasmodium falciparum, so a molecular method is the optimum diagnostic procedur ... | 2012 | 23353028 |
| hyposplenism revealed by plasmodium malariae infection. | hyposplenism, due to splenectomy, inherited red blood cell disorders or acquired conditions such as celiac disease, has an important impact on the severity of malaria, especially in non-immune patients. conversely, that malaria may reveal functional hyposplenism has not been described previously. | 2013 | 23914838 |
| deaths due to plasmodium knowlesi malaria in sabah, malaysia: association with reporting as plasmodium malariae and delayed parenteral artesunate. | the simian parasite plasmodium knowlesi is recognized as a common cause of severe and fatal human malaria in sabah, malaysia, but is morphologically indistinguishable from and still commonly reported as plasmodium malariae, despite the paucity of this species in sabah. since december 2008 sabah department of health has recommended intravenous artesunate and referral to a general hospital for all severe malaria cases of any species. this paper reviews all malaria deaths in sabah subsequent to the ... | 2012 | 22905799 |
| plasmodium vivax aldolase-specific monoclonal antibodies and its application in clinical diagnosis of malaria infections in china. | most rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) currently used for malaria diagnosis cannot distinguish the various plasmodium infections. the development of a plasmodium vivax specific rdts with high sensitivity to sufficiently differentiate the two most common plasmodium infections would be very crucial for disease treatment and control. | 2013 | 23758950 |
| persistent foci of falciparum malaria among tribes over two decades in koraput district of odisha state, india. | koraput, a predominantly tribe-inhabited and one of the highly endemic districts of odisha state that contributes a substantial number of malaria cases to the india's total. control of malaria in such districts would contribute to change the national scenario on malaria situation. hence, a study was carried out to measure the magnitude of malaria prevalence in the district to strengthen the malaria control activities. | 2013 | 23433186 |
| plasmodium knowlesi malaria an emerging public health problem in hulu selangor, selangor, malaysia (2009-2013): epidemiologic and entomologic analysis. | while transmission of the human plasmodium species has declined, a significant increase in plasmodium knowlesi/plasmodium malariae cases was reported in hulu selangor, selangor, malaysia. thus, a study was undertaken to determine the epidemiology and the vectors involved in the transmission of knowlesi malaria. | 2014 | 25223878 |
| malaria in three epidemiological strata in mauritania. | malaria epidemiology in mauritania has been characterized on the basis of epidemiological strata, defined by climatic and geographic features, which divide the country into three zones: sahelian zone, sahelo-saharan transition zone, and saharan zone. the association between geographic stratification and malaria transmission was assessed through a series of parasitological and entomological surveys. | 2016 | 27068219 |
| severe plasmodium knowlesi infection with multi-organ failure imported to germany from thailand/myanmar. | during the last two decades human infections with plasmodium knowlesi are increasingly diagnosed in south east asia and have also been reported in travellers. a severe case of imported p. knowlesi infection in a 73-year old german is presented, who had been travelling through myanmar and thailand for three weeks. microscopy showed a parasitaemia of 3% and different parasite stages including band-forms resembling plasmodium malariae. due to the clinical picture of severe malaria and the microscop ... | 2014 | 25367021 |
| zoonotic malaria - global overview and research and policy needs. | the four main plasmodium species that cause human malaria, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, and plasmodium ovale, are transmitted between humans by mosquito vectors belonging to the genus anopheles. it has recently become evident that plasmodium knowlesi, a parasite that typically infects forest macaque monkeys, can be transmitted by anophelines to cause malaria in humans in southeast asia. plasmodium knowlesi infections are frequently misdiagnosed microscopically as ... | 2014 | 25184118 |
| high proportion of knowlesi malaria in recent malaria cases in malaysia. | plasmodium knowlesi is a simian parasite that has been recognized as the fifth species causing human malaria. naturally-acquired p. knowlesi infection is widespread among human populations in southeast asia. the aim of this epidemiological study was to determine the incidence and distribution of malaria parasites, with a particular focus on human p. knowlesi infection in malaysia. | 2014 | 24886266 |
| first case of a naturally acquired human infection with plasmodium cynomolgi. | since 1960, a total of seven species of monkey malaria have been reported as transmissible to man by mosquito bite: plasmodium cynomolgi, plasmodium brasilianum, plasmodium eylesi, plasmodium knowlesi, plasmodium inui, plasmodium schwetzi and plasmodium simium. with the exception of p. knowlesi, none of the other species has been found to infect humans in nature. in this report, it is described the first known case of a naturally acquired p. cynomolgi malaria in humans.the patient was a 39-year- ... | 2014 | 24564912 |
| recent advances in the management of plasmodium knowlesi infection. | plasmodium knowlesi (p. knowlesi) has been detected to be the fifth malarial parasite that can cause malaria in human beings. the parasite is known to commonly infect macaque monkeys. the infection is highly prevalent in south-east asia. it has morphologic similarities to plasmodium malariae and plasmodium falciparum. p. knowlesi is known to replicate every 24 h in the human host and hence, causes "quotidian malaria." it causes a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and sometimes can cause f ... | 0 | 24754024 |
| malaria case in madagascar, probable implication of a new vector, anopheles coustani. | indoor spraying of insecticides and the use of insecticide-treated bed nets are key strategies for national malaria vector control in the central highlands of madagascar. during the year 2013, malaria outbreaks were reported by the national malaria control programme in the highlands, including the district of ankazobe. | 2015 | 26620552 |
| plasmodium falciparum in the southeastern atlantic forest: a challenge to the bromeliad-malaria paradigm? | recently an unexpectedly high prevalence of plasmodium falciparum was found in asymptomatic blood donors living in the southeastern brazilian atlantic forest. the bromeliad-malaria paradigm assumes that transmission of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium malariae involves species of the subgenus kerteszia of anopheles and only a few cases of p. vivax malaria are reported annually in this region. the expectations of this paradigm are a low prevalence of p. vivax and a null prevalence of p. falciparum ... | 2015 | 25909655 |
| entomological aspects and the role of human behaviour in malaria transmission in a highland region of the republic of yemen. | the republic of yemen has the highest incidence of malaria in the arabian peninsula, yet little is known of its vectors or transmission dynamics. | 2016 | 26932794 |
| prevalence and distribution of human plasmodium infection in pakistan. | both plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum are prevalent in pakistan, yet up-to-date data on the epidemiology of malaria in pakistan are not available. this study was undertaken to determine the current prevalence and distribution of plasmodium species across the country. | 2013 | 23984968 |
| natural plasmodium infection in monkeys in the state of rondônia (brazilian western amazon). | simian malaria is still an open question concerning the species of plasmodium parasites and species of new world monkeys susceptible to the parasites. in addition, the lingering question as to whether these animals are reservoirs for human malaria might become important especially in a scenario of eradication of the disease. to aid in the answers to these questions, monkeys were surveyed for malaria parasite natural infection in the amazonian state of rondônia, brazil, a state with intense envir ... | 2013 | 23731624 |
| re-evaluation of microscopy confirmed plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax malaria by nested pcr detection in southern ethiopia. | with 75% of the ethiopian population at risk of malaria, accurate diagnosis is crucial for malaria treatment in endemic areas where plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax co-exist. the present study evaluated the performance of regular microscopy in accurate identification of plasmodium spp. in febrile patients visiting health facilities in southern ethiopia. | 2014 | 24502664 |
| plasmodium vivax infection: a major determinant of severe anaemia in infancy. | most malarious countries outside of africa are co-endemic for plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. the comparative burden of anaemia in the community caused by these two species is incompletely characterized. | 2016 | 27306221 |
| entomological indices of malaria transmission in chikhwawa district, southern malawi. | although malaria is highly prevalent throughout malawi, little is known of its transmission dynamics. this paper describes the seasonal activity of the different vectors, human biting indices, sporozoite rates and the entomological inoculation rate in a low-lying rural area in southern malawi. | 2012 | 23171123 |
| nightly biting cycles of malaria vectors in a heterogeneous transmission area of eastern amazonian brazil. | the biting cycle of anopheline mosquitoes is an important component in the transmission of malaria. inter- and intraspecific biting patterns of anophelines have been investigated using the number of mosquitoes caught over time to compare general tendencies in host-seeking activity and cumulative catch. in this study, all-night biting catch data from 32 consecutive months of collections in three riverine villages were used to compare biting cycles of the five most abundant vector species using co ... | 2013 | 23890413 |
| increased detection of plasmodium knowlesi in sandakan division, sabah as revealed by plasmonex™. | plasmodium knowlesi is a simian malaria parasite that is widespread in humans in malaysian borneo. however, little is known about the incidence and distribution of this parasite in the sandakan division, malaysian borneo. therefore, the aim of the present epidemiological study was to investigate the incidence and distribution of p. knowlesi as well as other plasmodium species in this division based on a most recent developed hexaplex pcr system (plasmonex™). | 2013 | 23902626 |
| plasmodium knowlesi infection: a diagnostic challenge. | plasmodium knowlesi malaria is an uncommon, but highly prevalent parasitic infection in parts of malaysia. this is the case of a 14-year-old singaporean boy presenting to our emergency department with an 11-day history of fever following a school trip to malaysia. hepatosplenomegaly was the only clinical finding; laboratory tests showed thrombocytopaenia, lymphopaenia, mild anaemia and liver transaminitis. specific malaria antigen tests were negative, but the peripheral blood film showed plasmod ... | 2013 | 23608876 |
| epidemiology of plasmodium knowlesi malaria in north-east sabah, malaysia: family clusters and wide age distribution. | the simian parasite plasmodium knowlesi is a common cause of human malaria in malaysian borneo, with a particularly high incidence in kudat, sabah. little is known however about the epidemiology in this substantially deforested region. | 2012 | 23216947 |
| malaria in brazil: what happens outside the amazonian endemic region. | brazil, a country of continental proportions, presents three profiles of malaria transmission. the first and most important numerically, occurs inside the amazon. the amazon accounts for approximately 60% of the nation's territory and approximately 13% of the brazilian population. this region hosts 99.5% of the nation's malaria cases, which are predominantly caused by plasmodium vivax (i.e., 82% of cases in 2013). the second involves imported malaria, which corresponds to malaria cases acquired ... | 0 | 25185003 |
| persistent detection of plasmodium falciparum, p. malariae, p. ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri after act treatment of asymptomatic ghanaian school-children. | two hundred and seventy four asymptomatic ghanaian school-children aged 5 to 17 years were screened for malaria parasites by examination of blood films. one hundred and fifty five microscopically-positive individuals were treated with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and followed for 3 weeks. retrospective species-specific pcr of all 274 screened samples identified an additional 60 children with sub-patent parasitaemia, and a substantial proportion of co-infections with plasmodium malariae, plasmo ... | 2013 | 24533292 |
| plasmodium species occurrence, temporal distribution and interaction in a child-aged population in rural burkina faso. | malaria can be caused by five plasmodium species. due to their higher prevalence, much of the research concentrates on plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. in burkina faso, where p. falciparum co-exists with plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale, there is not much data about the prevalence of the latter two species across human population. moreover, interactions between co-infecting plasmodium species are not documented. the aim of the current research is to determine species-specific ... | 2013 | 23421809 |
| finding connections in the unexpected detection of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum dna in asymptomatic blood donors: a fact in the atlantic forest. | a recent paper in malaria journal reported the observation of unexpected prevalence rates of healthy individuals carrying plasmodium falciparum (5.14%) or plasmodium vivax (2.26%) dna among blood donors from the main transfusion centre in the metropolitan são paulo, a non-endemic area for malaria. the article has been challenged by a group of authors who argued that the percentages reported were higher than those found in blood banks of the endemic amazon region and also that that paper had not ... | 2014 | 25168319 |
| analysis of antibody profiles in symptomatic malaria in three sentinel sites of ivory coast by using multiplex, fluorescent, magnetic, bead-based serological assay (magpix™). | advances in malaria control have reduced the burden of disease resulting from exposure to parasite infections. the consequences on naturally acquired immunity are unclear. a magnetic bead-based immunoassay (mba) to assess antibody levels in populations living in endemic areas was previously evaluated. in this study, the effect of clinical attacks on immunity was analysed in three sentinel sites of ivory coast. | 2015 | 26692284 |
| malaria parasitaemia among blood donors in ilorin, nigeria. | the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among blood donors in ilorin has not been documented. in this study, we determined the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among blood donors in ilorin, as well as, the sociodemographic and other factors associated with it. | 0 | 25722845 |
| molecular typing reveals substantial plasmodium vivax infection in asymptomatic adults in a rural area of cameroon. | malaria in cameroon is due to infections by plasmodium falciparum and, to a lesser extent, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale, but rarely plasmodium vivax. a recent report suggested "plasmodium vivax-like" infections around the study area that remained unconfirmed. therefore, molecular and antigenic typing was used to investigate the prevalence of p. vivax and duffy in asymptomatic adults resident in bolifamba. | 2014 | 24886496 |
| is a plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pldh) enzyme-linked immunosorbent (elisa)-based assay a valid tool for detecting risky malaria blood donations in africa? | malaria is a leading cause of mortality in southern benin. the main causative agent, plasmodium falciparum, poses a threat on critical transfusions in pregnant women and children. this study's objective was to compare the performance of different malaria screening methods in blood donors in southern benin, a malaria-endemic country. | 2013 | 23927596 |
| high plasmodium malariae prevalence in an endemic area of the colombian amazon region. | malaria is a worldwide public health problem; parasites from the genus plasmodium are the aetiological agent for this disease. the parasites are mostly diagnosed by conventional microscopy-based techniques; however, their limitations have led to under-registering the reported prevalence of plasmodium species. this study has thus been aimed at evaluating the infection and coinfection prevalence of 3 species of plasmodium spp., in an area of the colombian amazon region. blood samples were taken fr ... | 2016 | 27467587 |
| widespread distribution of plasmodium vivax malaria in mauritania on the interface of the maghreb and west africa. | plasmodium vivax is very rarely seen in west africa, although specific detection methods are not widely applied in the region, and it is now considered to be absent from north africa. however, this parasite species has recently been reported to account for most malaria cases in nouakchott, the capital of mauritania, which is a large country at the interface of sub-saharan west africa and the maghreb region in northwest africa. | 2016 | 26861780 |
| comparison of a pfhrp2-based rapid diagnostic test and pcr for malaria in a low prevalence setting in rural southern zambia: implications for elimination. | rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) detecting histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) antigen are used to identify individuals with plasmodium falciparum infection even in low transmission settings seeking to achieve elimination. however, these rdts lack sensitivity to detect low-density infections, produce false negatives for p. falciparum strains lacking pfhrp2 gene and do not detect species other than p. falciparum. | 2015 | 25888818 |
| the increasing importance of plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae in a malaria elimination setting: an observational study of imported cases in jiangsu province, china, 2011-2014. | following initiation of china's national malaria elimination action plan in 2010, indigenous malaria infections in jiangsu province decreased significantly. meanwhile imported plasmodium infections have increased substantially, particularly plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae. given the risk for malaria resurgence, there is an urgent need to understand the increase in imported p. ovale and p. malariae infections as china works to achieve national malaria elimination. | 2016 | 27604629 |
| characteristics of imported malaria and species of plasmodium involved in shandong province, china (2012-2014). | malaria remains a serious public health problem in shandong province, china; therefore, it is important to explore the characteristics of the current malaria prevalence situation in the province. in this study, data of malaria cases reported in shandong during 2012-2014 were analyzed, and plasmodium species were confirmed by smear microscopy and nested-pcr. a total of 374 malaria cases were reported, 80.8% of which were reported from 6 prefectures. of all cases, p. falciparum was dominant (81.3% ... | 2016 | 27658591 |
| malaria in children of tshimbulu (western kasai, democratic republic of the congo): epidemiological data and accuracy of diagnostic assays applied in a limited resource setting. | the literature data on malaria in western kasai, drc, are limited and inadequate. a recent molecular survey there has detected plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae as mixed infections with plasmodium falciparum. in tshimbulu, western kasai, during a humanitarian initiative designed to provide children with free preventive screening and to reduce the local high malaria death rate, accurate species identification was performed, in order to collect unambiguous epidemiological data and to evalua ... | 2016 | 26864461 |
| transfusion-transmitted malaria in iran: a narrative review article. | malaria is the most important transfusion-transmitted infection (tti) in worldwide after viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the main objective of the present study was to review and evaluate the transmission of malaria via blood transfusion in iran. | 2017 | 28096847 |
| the host specificity of ape malaria parasites can be broken in confined environments. | recent studies have revealed a large diversity of plasmodium spp. among african great apes. some of these species are related to plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent agent of human malaria (subgenus laverania), and others to plasmodium ovale, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium vivax (subgenus plasmodium), three other human malaria agents. laverania parasites exhibit strict host specificity in their natural environment. plasmodium reichenowi, plasmodium billcollinsi, plasmodium billbrayi and ... | 2016 | 27486075 |
| malarial parasite diversity in chimpanzees: the value of comparative approaches to ascertain the evolution of plasmodium falciparum antigens. | plasmodium falciparum shares its most recent common ancestor with parasites found in african apes; these species constitute the so-called laverania clade. in this investigation, the evolutionary history of plasmodium lineages found in chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) was explored. | 2013 | 24044371 |
| new potential plasmodium brasilianum hosts: tamarin and marmoset monkeys (family callitrichidae). | non-human primates (nhps) as a source for plasmodium infections in humans are a challenge for malaria elimination. in brazil, two species of plasmodium have been described infecting nhps, plasmodium brasilianum and plasmodium simium. both species are infective to man. plasmodium brasilianum resembles morphologically, genetically and immunologically the human quartan plasmodium malariae. plasmodium brasilianum naturally infects species of non-human primates from all new world monkey families from ... | 2017 | 28187764 |
| first full draft genome sequence of plasmodium brasilianum. | plasmodium malariae is a protozoan parasite that can cause human malaria. the simian parasite plasmodium brasilianum infects new world monkeys from latin america and is morphologically indistinguishable from p. malariae here, we report the first full draft genome sequence for p. brasilianum. | 2017 | 28183758 |
| molecular detection of plasmodium malariae/plasmodium brasilianum in non-human primates in captivity in costa rica. | one hundred and fifty-two blood samples of non-human primates of thirteen rescue centers in costa rica were analyzed to determine the presence of species of plasmodium using thick blood smears, semi-nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (snm-pcr) for species differentiation, cloning and sequencing for confirmation. using thick blood smears, two samples were determined to contain the plasmodium malariae parasite, with snm-pcr, a total of five (3.3%) samples were positive to p. malariae, clon ... | 2017 | 28125696 |
| merozoite surface protein-1 genetic diversity in plasmodium malariae and plasmodium brasilianum from brazil. | the merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1) gene encodes the major surface antigen of invasive forms of the plasmodium erythrocytic stages and is considered a candidate vaccine antigen against malaria. due to its polymorphisms, msp1 is also useful for strain discrimination and consists of a good genetic marker. sequence diversity in msp1 has been analyzed in field isolates of three human parasites: p. falciparum, p. vivax, and p. ovale. however, the extent of variation in another human parasite, p. m ... | 2015 | 26572971 |
| natural infection of plasmodium brasilianum in humans: man and monkey share quartan malaria parasites in the venezuelan amazon. | the quartan malaria parasite plasmodium malariae is the widest spread and best adapted human malaria parasite. the simian plasmodium brasilianum causes quartan fever in new world monkeys and resembles p. malariae morphologically. since the genetics of the two parasites are nearly identical, differing only in a range of mutations expected within a species, it has long been speculated that the two are the same. however, no naturally acquired infection with parasites termed as p. brasilianum has be ... | 2015 | 26501116 |
| simian malaria in the brazilian atlantic forest: first description of natural infection of capuchin monkeys (cebinae subfamily) by plasmodium simium. | in brazil, two species of plasmodium have been described infecting non-human primates, plasmodium brasilianum and plasmodium simium. these species are morphologically, genetically and immunologically indistinguishable from the human plasmodium malariae and plasmodium vivax parasites, respectively. plasmodium simium has been observed naturally infecting monkeys of the genera alouatta and brachyteles in a restricted area of the atlantic forest in the south and southeast regions of brazil. however, ... | 2015 | 25889933 |
| the genetic diversity of plasmodium malariae and plasmodium brasilianum from human, simian and mosquito hosts in brazil. | plasmodium malariae is a protozoan parasite that causes malaria in humans and is genetically indistinguishable from plasmodium brasilianum, a parasite infecting new world monkeys in central and south america. p. malariae has a wide and patchy global distribution in tropical and subtropical regions, being found in south america, asia, and africa. however, little is known regarding the genetics of these parasites and the similarity between them could be because until now there are only a very few ... | 2012 | 22705349 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of plasmodium vivax, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium ovale, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium cynomolgi. | 18s ribosomal rna gene sequences of different species of plasmodium were aligned and analyzed to determine the molecular diversity among different species of plasmodium. at content of p. cynomolgi, p. ovale, p. falciparum, p. vivax and p. malariae ranged from 62.30 to 63.15, 63.90 to 65.29, 66.67 to 68.40, 61.66 to 63.25 and 64.09 to 76.36 in case respectively. gc content of p. cynomolgi, p. ovale, p. falciparum, p. vivaxand p. malariae ranged from 36.85 to 37.70, 34.71 to 36.43, 31.60 to 33.27, ... | 2017 | 28316417 |
| diagnostic challenges and case management of the first imported case of plasmodium knowlesi in sri lanka. | sri lanka has achieved 'malaria-free' status and is now in the phase of prevention of re-introduction of malaria. imported malaria remains a challenge to resurgence of the disease. the diagnostic challenges encountered and the rapid response initiated to manage a plasmodium infection, which was later confirmed as plasmodium knowlesi, the first reported case from sri lanka, is discussed. | 2017 | 28327145 |
| plasmodium malariae prevalence and csp gene diversity, kenya, 2014 and 2015. | in africa, control programs that target primarily plasmodium falciparum are inadequate for eliminating malaria. to learn more about prevalence and genetic variability of p. malariae in africa, we examined blood samples from 663 asymptomatic and 245 symptomatic persons from western kenya during june-august of 2014 and 2015. p. malariae accounted for 5.3% (35/663) of asymptomatic infections and 3.3% (8/245) of clinical cases. among asymptomatic persons, 71% (32/45) of p. malariae infections detect ... | 2017 | 28322694 |
| alternative transmission routes in the malaria elimination era: an overview of transfusion-transmitted malaria in the americas. | transfusion-transmitted (tt) malaria is an alternative infection route that has gained little attention from authorities, despite representing a life-threatening condition. there has been no systematic review of this health problem in american countries. the aim of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of tt malaria in the americas and identify factors associated with lethality based on the studies published in the literature. | 2017 | 28202065 |
| evidence of non-plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in kédougou, sénégal. | expanded malaria control efforts in sénégal have resulted in increased use of rapid diagnostic tests (rdt) to identify the primary disease-causing plasmodium species, plasmodium falciparum. however, the type of rdt utilized in sénégal does not detect other malaria-causing species such as plasmodium ovale spp., plasmodium malariae, or plasmodium vivax. consequently, there is a lack of information about the frequency and types of malaria infections occurring in sénégal. this study set out to bette ... | 2017 | 28049489 |
| plasmodium malariae in the colombian amazon region: you don't diagnose what you don't suspect. | malaria is a worldwide public health problem; parasites from the genus plasmodium spp. are the aetiological agent of this disease. the parasite is mainly diagnosed by microscope-based techniques. however, these have limited sensitivity. many asymptomatic infections are sub-microscopic and can only be detected by molecular methods. this study was aimed at comparing nested pcr results to those obtained by microscope for diagnosing malaria and to present epidemiological data regarding malaria in co ... | 2016 | 27899111 |
| plasmodium knowlesi and human malaria parasites in khan phu, vietnam: gametocyte production in humans and frequent co-infection of mosquitoes. | four species of malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium knowlesi infect humans living in the khanh phu commune, khanh hoa province, vietnam. the latter species also infects wild macaque monkeys in this region. in order to understand the transmission dynamics of the three species, we attempted to detect gametocytes of the three species in the blood of infected individuals, and sporozoites in the salivary glands of mosquitoes from the same regi ... | 2017 | 27894375 |
| plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale infections in the china-myanmar border area. | the greater mekong subregion is aiming to achieve regional malaria elimination by 2030. though a shift in malaria parasite species predominance by plasmodium vivax has been recently documented, the transmission of the two minor plasmodium species, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale spp., is poorly characterized in the region. this study aims to determine the prevalence of these minor species in the china-myanmar border area and their genetic diversity. | 2016 | 27846879 |
| the role of plasmodium knowlesi in the history of malaria research. | in recent years, a malaria infection of humans in south east asia, originally diagnosed as a known human-infecting species, plasmodium malariae, has been identified as a simian parasite, plasmodium knowlesi. this species had been subject to considerable investigation in monkeys since the 1930s. with the development of continuous culture of the erythrocytic stages of the human malarial parasite, plasmodium falciparum in 1976, the emphasis in research shifted away from knowlesi. however, its impor ... | 2016 | 27829470 |
| rarity of mixed species malaria with plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae in travelers to saarland in germany. | malaria is an acute, life-threatening infectious disease that spreads in tropical and subtropical regions. malaria is mainly brought over to germany by travelers, so the disease can be overlooked due to its nonspecific symptoms and a lack of experience of attending physicians. the aim of this study was to analyze, retrospectively, epidemiological and clinical data from patients examined for malaria. patient data were collected from hospital charts at the department of internal medicine, saarland ... | 2017 | 27826886 |
| dissecting malaria biology and epidemiology using population genetics and genomics. | molecular approaches have an increasingly recognized utility in surveillance of malaria parasite populations, not only in defining prevalence and incidence with higher sensitivity than traditional methods, but also in monitoring local and regional parasite transmission patterns. in this review, we provide an overview of population genetic and genomic studies of human-infecting plasmodium species, highlighting recent advances in the field. in accordance with the renewed impetus for malaria eradic ... | 2017 | 27825828 |
| late manifestation of a mixed plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae infection in a non-immune toddler after traveling to chad. | | 2017 | 27238908 |
| molecular evidence of high rates of asymptomatic p. vivax infection and very low p. falciparum malaria in botswana. | botswana is one of eight sadc countries targeting malaria elimination by 2018. through spirited upscaling of control activities and passive surveillance, significant reductions in case incidence of plasmodium falciparum (0.96 - 0.01) was achieved between 2008 and 2012. as part of the elimination campaign, active detection of asymptomatic plasmodium species by a highly sensitive method was deemed necessary. this study was carried out to determine asymptomatic plasmodium species carriage by nested ... | 2016 | 27682611 |
| rarity of mixed species malaria with plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae in travelers to saarland in germany. | malaria is an acute, life-threatening infectious disease that spreads in tropical and subtropical regions. malaria is mainly brought over to germany by travelers, so the disease can be overlooked due to its nonspecific symptoms and a lack of experience of attending physicians. the aim of this study was to analyze, retrospectively, epidemiological and clinical data from patients examined for malaria. patient data were collected from hospital charts at the department of internal medicine, saarland ... | 2016 | 27645545 |
| prevalence of malaria, prevention measures, and main clinical features in febrile children admitted to the franceville regional hospital, gabon. | recently, major progress has been made in controlling malaria in africa. however, in gabon, little information is available on the role of malaria in childhood febrile syndromes, the use and efficacy of preventive measures, and plasmodium species distribution. here, we characterized malaria in febrile children in franceville, gabon through a cross-sectional study at the pediatric unit of the franceville regional hospital. we registered 940 febrile children. their general condition was markedly a ... | 2016 | 27492564 |
| transfusion-transmitted severe plasmodium knowlesi malaria in a splenectomized patient with beta-thalassaemia major in sabah, malaysia: a case report. | transfusion-transmitted malaria (ttm) is a well-recognized risk of receiving blood transfusions, and has occurred with plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale, and plasmodium malariae. the simian parasite plasmodium knowlesi is also known to be transmissible through inoculation of infected blood, and this species is now the most common cause of malaria in malaysia with a high rate of severity and fatal cases reported. no confirmed case of accidental transfusion-transmitted p. k ... | 2016 | 27405869 |
| rarity of mixed species malaria with plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae in travelers to saarland in germany. | malaria is an acute, life-threatening infectious disease that spreads in tropical and subtropical regions. malaria is mainly brought over to germany by travelers, so the disease can be overlooked due to its nonspecific symptoms and a lack of experience of attending physicians. the aim of this study was to analyze, retrospectively, epidemiological and clinical data from patients examined for malaria. patient data were collected from hospital charts at the department of internal medicine, saarland ... | 2016 | 27405448 |
| national malaria prevalence in cambodia: microscopy versus polymerase chain reaction estimates. | accurate information regarding malaria prevalence at national level is required to design and assess malaria control/elimination efforts. although many comparisons of microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based methods have been conducted, there is little published literature covering such comparisons in southeast asia especially at the national level. both microscopic examination and pcr detection were performed on blood films and dried blood spots samples collected from 8,067 individu ... | 2016 | 27402511 |
| low prevalence of plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale mono-infections among children in the democratic republic of the congo: a population-based, cross-sectional study. | in an effort to improve surveillance for epidemiological and clinical outcomes, rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) have become increasingly widespread as cost-effective and field-ready methods of malaria diagnosis. however, there are concerns that using rdts specific to plasmodium falciparum may lead to missed detection of other malaria species such as plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale. | 2016 | 27392905 |
| climate, environment and transmission of malaria. | malaria, the most common parasitic disease in the world, is transmitted to the human host by mosquitoes of the genus anopheles. the transmission of malaria requires the interaction between the host, the vector and the parasite.the four species of parasites responsible for human malaria are plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium ovale, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium vivax. occasionally humans can be infected by several simian species, like plasmodium knowlesi, recognised as a major cause of human ... | 2016 | 27367318 |
| common asymptomatic and submicroscopic malaria infections in western thailand revealed in longitudinal molecular and serological studies: a challenge to malaria elimination. | despite largely successful control efforts, malaria remains a significant public health problem in thailand. based on microscopy, the northwestern province of tak, once thailand's highest burden area, is now considered a low-transmission region. however, microscopy is insensitive to detect low-level parasitaemia, causing gross underestimation of parasite prevalence in areas where most infections are subpatent. the objective of this study was to assess the current epidemiology of malaria prevalen ... | 2016 | 27333893 |
| contribution of polymerase chain reaction for detection of malaria in tunisia. | in tunisia, detection of plasmodium in asymptomatic individuals from endemic countries is a critical measure in national program of malaria eradication. the screening is based on microscopic examination of thick and thin blood smears. however, the performance of this diagnosis is closely related to the experience of biologist and the parasitaemia. | 2015 | 27249386 |
| seroepidemiology of plasmodium species infections in zimbabwean population. | individuals living in malaria-endemic regions may be exposed to more than one plasmodium species; there is paucity of data on the distribution of the different species of plasmodium in affected populations, in part due to the diagnostic method of microscopy, which cannot easily differentiate between the species. sero-epidemiological data can overcome some of the shortcomings of microscopy. | 2016 | 27165412 |
| investigation on possible transmission of monkeys' plasmodium to human in a populations living in the equatorial rainforest of the democratic republic of congo. | plasmodiums are protozoa that may infect various hosts. only five species are now recognized as naturally parasitizing humans: plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium knowlesi. this fifth species, p. knowlesi, previously identified as naturally parasitizing the monkey macaca fascicularis, has been microscopically confused for a long time with p. malariae or p. falciparum and it was not possible to correctly differentiate them until the advent ... | 2016 | 27141437 |
| limited polymorphism of the kelch propeller domain in plasmodium malariae and p. ovale isolates from thailand. | artemisinin resistance in plasmodium falciparum, the agent of severe malaria, is currently a major obstacle to malaria control in southeast asia. a gene named "kelch13" has been associated with artemisinin resistance in p. falciparum the orthologue of the kelch gene in p. vivax was identified and a small number of mutations were found in previous studies. the kelch orthologues in the other two human malaria parasites, p. malariae and p. ovale, have not yet been studied. therefore, in this study, ... | 2016 | 27114275 |
| clinical implications of a gradual dormancy concept in malaria. | malaria recurrences after an initially successful therapy and malarial fever occurring a long time after infection are well-known problems in malariology. currently, two distinct types of malaria recurrences are defined: recrudescence and relapse. a recrudescence is thought to originate from circulating plasmodium blood stages which do not cause fever before a certain level of a microscopically detectable parasitemia is reached. contrary, a relapse is thought to originate from quiescent intracel ... | 2016 | 27079460 |
| human malaria diagnosis using a single-step direct-pcr based on the plasmodium cytochrome oxidase iii gene. | nested pcrs based on the plasmodium 18s-rrna gene have been extensively used for human malaria diagnosis. however, they are not practical when large quantities of samples need to be processed, further there have been challenges in the performance and when interpreting results, especially when submicroscopic infections are analysed. here the use of "direct pcr" was investigated with the aim of improving diagnosis in the malaria elimination era. | 2016 | 26928594 |
| uk malaria treatment guidelines 2016. | 1.malaria is the tropical disease most commonly imported into the uk, with 1300-1800 cases reported each year, and 2-11 deaths. 2. approximately three quarters of reported malaria cases in the uk are caused by plasmodium falciparum, which is capable of invading a high proportion of red blood cells and rapidly leading to severe or life-threatening multi-organ disease. 3. most non-falciparum malaria cases are caused by plasmodium vivax; a few cases are caused by the other species of plasmodium: pl ... | 2016 | 26880088 |
| non-falciparum malaria infections in pregnant women in west africa. | non-plasmodium falciparum malaria infections are found in many parts of sub-saharan africa but little is known about their importance in pregnancy. | 2016 | 26823277 |
| performance of microscopy for the diagnosis of malaria and human african trypanosomiasis by diagnostic laboratories in the democratic republic of the congo: results of a nation-wide external quality assessment. | the present external quality assessment (eqa) assessed microscopy of blood parasites among diagnostic laboratories in the democratic republic of the congo. the eqa addressed 445 participants in 10/11 provinces (october 2013-april 2014). participants were sent a panel of five slides and asked to return a routinely stained slide which was assessed for quality of preparation and staining. response rate was 89.9% (400/445). for slide 1 (no parasites), 30.6% participants reported malaria, mostly plas ... | 2016 | 26788725 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for identification of five human plasmodium species in malaysia. | the lack of rapid, affordable, and accurate diagnostic tests represents the primary hurdle affecting malaria surveillance in resource- and expertise-limited areas. loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is a sensitive, rapid, and cheap diagnostic method. five species-specific lamp assays were developed based on 18s rrna gene. sensitivity and specificity of lamp results were calculated as compared with microscopic examination and nested polymerase chain reaction. lamp reactions were highly ... | 2016 | 26598573 |
| complicated vivax malaria, an often underestimated condition - case report. | malaria is a vector-borne disease that is endemic in 91 countries. south east asia is the second most affected region in the world, with india carrying the highest burden of the disease. four species of plasmodium are known to cause malaria in humans. plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum are the most common species found in india, but plasmodium malariae have also been reported. severe complications of malaria have been more commonly seen in p. falciparum infections, and those caused by p. ... | 2017 | 26392800 |
| a molecular survey of acute febrile illnesses reveals plasmodium vivax infections in kedougou, southeastern senegal. | control efforts towards malaria due to plasmodium falciparum significantly decreased the incidence of the disease in many endemic countries including senegal. surprisingly, in kedougou (southeastern senegal) p. falciparum malaria remains highly prevalent and the relative contribution of other plasmodium species to the global malaria burden is very poorly documented, partly due to the low sensitivity of routine diagnostic tools. molecular methods offer better estimate of circulating plasmodium sp ... | 2015 | 26186936 |
| the epidemiology of imported malaria and transfusion policy in 5 nonendemic countries. | addressing risk of imported malaria is complicated by 5 human species of plasmodium, semi-immunity in donors with long-term exposure, increasing travel and immigration, changing risk in endemic areas, and limitations of screening assays. to gain insight into policy formulation, we have compiled epidemiologic data from 5 countries with different policies involving either deferral (the united states and canada) or selective testing (france, england, and australia). the greatest risk is from semi-i ... | 2015 | 25933591 |
| a retrospective study on imported malaria in jordan. 2. malaria among non-military jordanians. | cases of imported malaria among civilian jordanians returning from asian and african countries from 1991-2011 are documented. a total of 511 cases of imported malaria were diagnosed among civilian jordanians travelling abroad. majority of cases were reported among adults over 21 year old accounting for or 87,67% of the total number of cases. eighteen different categories of occupation were identified, where as students studying abroad showed the highest infection rate (33.2%), especially those r ... | 2015 | 25925812 |
| the relationship between plasmodium infection, anaemia and nutritional status in asymptomatic children aged under five years living in stable transmission zones in kinshasa, democratic republic of congo. | malaria is preventable and treatable when recommended interventions are properly implemented. thus, diagnosis and treatment focus on symptomatic individuals while asymptomatic plasmodium infection (pi) plays a role in the sustainability of the transmission and may also have an impact on the morbidity of the disease in terms of anaemia, nutritional status and even cognitive development of children. the objective of this study was to assess pi prevalence and its relationship with known morbidity f ... | 2015 | 25880427 |
| severe morbidity and mortality risk from malaria in the united states, 1985-2011. | recent reports of plasmodium vivax associated with severe syndromes and mortality from malaria endemic areas questions the "benign" course of non-falciparum malarias. | 2014 | 25734104 |
| molecular investigation of mixed malaria infections in southwest saudi arabia. | to investigate the incidence of mixed-species (ms) malaria infection, and compare the results with microscopically confirmed cases of malaria. | 2015 | 25719595 |
| molecular detection of human plasmodium species in sabah using plasmonex™ multiplex pcr and hydrolysis probes real-time pcr. | malaria is a vector borne-parasitic disease transmitted through the bite of the infective female anopheles mosquitoes. five plasmodium species have been recognized by world health organization (who) as the causative agents of human malaria. generally, microscopic examination is the gold standard for routine malaria diagnosis. however, molecular pcr assays in many cases have shown improvement on the sensitivity and specificity over microscopic or other immunochromatographic assays. | 2015 | 25651852 |
| malaria parasitemia in apparently healthy blood donors in north-central nigeria. | to determine the prevalence of transmissible malaria in apparently healthy blood donors in the city of jos in north-central nigeria. | 2015 | 25617391 |