| [dot-elisa using monoclonal antibodies for identification of leishmania donovani]. | | 1987 | 3621513 |
| identification of a major 72 kilodalton surface antigen in twelve isolates of leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. | the study of the surface antigens of leishmania braziliensis braziliensis revealed a great homogeneity among ten strains isolated from bolivia and two reference strains from brazil and belize. a 72 kda major protein, present in all l. b. braziliensis strains, was recognized by both cutaneous and mucocutaneous human sera, but was not recognized by kala-azar and chagasic sera. no cross-reactive antigens were found among strains of leishmania braziliensis guyanensis, leishmania braziliensis panamen ... | 1987 | 3627165 |
| chromosome size polymorphisms of leishmania donovani. | a minimum of 22 chromosomes were found in all leishmania donovani stocks examined by orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis (ofage). chromosome sizes ranged from approximately 270 to 4000 kb. certain chromosomes were polymorphic in size between stocks and chromosomes present in some stocks had no apparent equivalent in others. specific polymorphisms were useful in distinguishing the subspecies l. d. donovani, l. d. infantum and l. d. chagasi and african l. donovani stocks but there wer ... | 1987 | 3627171 |
| inhibition of leishmanial dna synthesis by sinefungin. | rna, dna and protein biosynthesis were studied in leishmania donovani and l. tropica promastigotes cultured with or without sinefungin. thymidine incorporation was significantly impaired by this compound. neither the uptake of thymidine nor its phosphorylation were inhibited. furthermore the ratios of deoxyribonucleotide to the corresponding ribonucleotide were not significantly affected by sinefungin. analysis of the dna indicates that the inhibition of thymidine incorporation affects mostly nu ... | 1987 | 3632708 |
| [kala-azar originating in ischia]. | four weeks after returning from a holiday on ischia, a 53-year-old man fell ill with nocturnal sweating, fever, severe general malaise and hepatosplenomegaly. sternal marrow and liver punctures revealed an infection with leishmania donovani, i.e. kala-azar. characteristic features were hyperplasia of the plasma cells in the bone marrow and liver, together with lymphoplasmocytoid cell wash-out and polyclonal igg proteinaemia. treatment with pentamidine (lomidine) was unsatisfactory, while all man ... | 1987 | 3652955 |
| leishmania donovani metacyclic promastigotes: transformation in vitro, lectin agglutination, complement resistance, and infectivity. | freshly transformed leishmania donovani amastigotes from hamster spleen were used to establish axenic cultures at high density in a modified grace's medium, which was only partly replenished when cultures were fed. small, free-swimming, highly active stationary phase promastigotes with a short cell body and long flagellum were induced in this medium. the freshly transformed stationary phase promastigotes so induced were less able to bind peanut agglutinin, had more than 40-fold increased resista ... | 1987 | 3653336 |
| [differentiation of leishmania in culture]. | during their cultivation on diphasic medium leishmania donovani, l. major and l. gymnodactyli pass through the regular differentiation within the promastigote stage of the life cycle that involves a gradual change of the four main morphological forms: 1) extremely basophilic, short, wide, actively dividing cells; 2) lightening longer forms with pointed posterior ends; 3) long, cigar-shaped uniformly light specimens with the clear nucleus in the central or posterior position and distinct karyosom ... | 1987 | 3672643 |
| [experimental infection with leishmania in the dog: clinical, pathologic, parasitologic and serologic findings]. | | 1987 | 3673364 |
| concurrent human infection with leishmania donovani and leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. | in the suburban district of campo grande, municipality of rio de janeiro (brazil) cases of both leishmania domovani and l. b. braziliensis infections occur. in march 1982 we examined a white male child, five years old, with fever, weight loss and distended abdomen, symptoms said to have started three months before. after the first month a papular lesion appeared on his forehead, rapidly increasing in size and becoming ulcerated: parasites were isolated from both the ulcer and the bone marrow by ... | 1986 | 3675032 |
| a method for the purification of leishmania promastigotes from infected phlebotomine sandflies. | we describe a method for the purification of leishmania promastigotes, isolated from infected sandflies (lutzomyia longipalpis) using a discontinuous density centrifugation gradient (percoll/homem). the sandflies, infected seven days previously with leishmania donovani chagasi or leishmania mexicana mexicana from culture, were homogenized and centrifuged on a percoll discontinuous gradient. five interface bands were formed, and most of the promastigotes settled out at the interface between the ( ... | 1987 | 3675038 |
| leishmania chagasi: in vitro differentiation of promastigotes monitored by flow cytometry. | a sequential development from a less infective to an infective stage of leishmania promastigotes growing in culture has been previously reported. the aim of this work was to investigate whether freeze-fracture electron microscopy and flow cytometry would be able to provide some reliable morphological markers of in vitro differentiation of leishmania chagasi promastigotes. the flow cytometry technique discriminates between the l. chagasi promastigotes from the different stages of their in vitro d ... | 1987 | 3678443 |
| lymphocyte transformation in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. | cellular responses to l. mexicana amazonensis, l. infantum and phytohaemagglutinin (pha) were measured in twenty-three cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, using the lymphocyte blast transformation test (ltt). positive responses to leishmanial antigen, although variable, were observed in all patients, compared with the normal controls. patient responses to pha, however, were lower than those observed in the control group. no significant differences were shown between responses of active and convale ... | 1987 | 3689020 |
| inhibition of protein kinase c activity by the leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan. | purified lipophosphoglycan from leishmania donovani was found to inhibit the activity of protein kinase c isolated from rat brain. protein kinase c inhibition by lipophosphoglycan was continuous for 30 minutes. the glycoconjugate was a competitive inhibitor with respect to diolein, a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to phosphatidylserine, and had no significant effect on protein kinase m and protein kinase a. a possible physiological role of lipophosphoglycan as a negative effector of prote ... | 1987 | 3689364 |
| structure of the major carbohydrate fragment of the leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan. | the major carbohydrate fragment from the lipophosphoglycan of leishmania donovani was generated by mild acid hydrolysis (0.02 n hcl, 5 min, 100 degrees c) and purified by chromatography on de-52 cellulose and thin layer. by a combination of analyses including gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and 1h nmr, the structure of the fragment was elucidated as po4----6gal(beta 1----4)man. approximately 16 of these phosphorylated disaccharide units occur in the overall glycoconjugate structure. ... | 1987 | 3689770 |
| the pathology of experimental visceral leishmaniasis in resistant and susceptible lines of inbred mice. | 1. the main pathological features of experimental visceral leishmaniasis were characterized in resistant and susceptible inbred mouse strains. 2. disseminated granulomas containing parasitized macrophages were found especially in the liver and spleen of two inbred mouse strains, i.e. the resistant dba/2 and the susceptible c57bl/10 strains, which had been inoculated with leishmania donovani chagasi amastigotes. 3. the lesions tended to remain granulomatous in nature even during the early acute p ... | 1987 | 3690047 |
| infection pattern of leishmaniasis in hamsters produced by recent isolates from kala-azar patients in india. | | 1987 | 3692555 |
| [visceral leishmaniasis mimicking histiocytic marrow reticulosis]. | | 1986 | 3704884 |
| use of modified grace's insect medium for the primary isolation of leishmania donovani donovani in bihar, india. | grace's insect medium, supplemented with 20% (v/v) heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (fbs) and 15% defibrinated pooled rabbit blood is statistically shown to be more sensitive than modified nnn medium (p less than 0.05), grace's insect medium with 20% (v/v) and grace's insect medium with 30% (v/v) fbs (p less than 0.01) for in vitro primary isolation of promastigotes of leishmania donovani donovani from cultures of bone marrow aspirates. this medium has been found to be especially useful for p ... | 1986 | 3706619 |
| leishmania braziliensis: development of primary and satellite lesions in the experimentally infected owl monkey, aotus trivirgatus. | twelve male and 8 female feral owl monkeys, aotus trivirgatus, were inoculated intradermally at the dorsal base of the tail with 2 x 10(7) promastigotes (strains wr 128 or wr 539) or 5 x 10(5) amastigotes (strain wr 128) of leishmania braziliensis panamensis, and the progression and regression of subsequent lesions were examined for up to 13 or 54 weeks after inoculation. three of these monkeys had been infected previously with l. donovani, had been treated with meglumine antimoniate, and had re ... | 1986 | 3709751 |
| evidence that leishmania donovani utilizes a mannose receptor on human mononuclear phagocytes to establish intracellular parasitism. | the pathogenic protozoan leishmania donovani must gain entrance into mononuclear phagocytes to successfully parasitize man. the parasite's extra-cellular promastigote stage is ingested by human peripheral blood monocytes or monocyte-derived macrophages in the absence of serum, in a manner characteristic of receptor-mediated endocytosis. we have found remarkable similarities between the macrophage receptor(s) for promastigotes and a previously characterized eucaryotic receptor system, the mannose ... | 1986 | 3711662 |
| [experimental models of cutaneous leishmaniasis in laboratory animals]. | a survey of literature on modelling cutaneous leishmaniasis of man (common and metastatic) on some lines of mice, guinea pigs, golden hamsters infected with different species of leishmania is given. merits and demerits of each described model are pointed out. | 1986 | 3714297 |
| serum protein from leishmania brasiliensis infected hamster that suppress lymphocyte response of normal hamster lymphocytes. | immunosuppression in leishmania brasiliensis (lb) or l. donovani (ld) infected hamsters is correlated with the appearance of two serum protein bands found at 21, 60, 68 and 76 days post lb-infection and with eight bands at 21 days post-ld-infection probably of host origin. a protein band from lb-infected hamster serum isolated by electrofocusing, suppressed the blastogenic response of normal lymphocytes to t and b cell mitogens. | 1986 | 3716539 |
| three-dimensional reconstructions of the mitotic spindle and dense plaques in three species of leishmania. | the ultrastructure of the mitotic nucleus in leishmania braziliensis braziliensis, l. mexicana and l. donovani was studied by serial thin sections and three-dimensional reconstructions of each divisional stage. the structures of the interphase and four stages of dividing nuclei were described. attention was paid to dense plaques and spindle microtubules. at the beginning of the nuclear division, a set of six dense plaques was found in association with spindle microtubules in the vicinity of the ... | 1986 | 3716540 |
| intestinal amyloidosis in hamsters with visceral leishmaniasis. | thirty hamsters about 10 weeks old were inoculated intraperitoneally with leishmania donovani amastigotes and were serially killed after 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 85-90 days. both the small and large intestines were examined grossly, and the histopathology was assessed by light and electron microscopy. the lamina propria and the submucosa of the whole length of the intestinal tract showed a progressive deposition of amyloid, selectively identified by optical and ultrastructural techniques. the pres ... | 1986 | 3718842 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis. | | 1986 | 3718868 |
| leishmaniasis in brazil. xxii: characterization of leishmania from man, dogs and the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) isolated during an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in santarém, pará state. | during epidemiological studies on an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in santarém, pará state, north brazil, isolates of leishmania from two children, three dogs and six naturally infected specimens of the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis were compared, biochemically, by starch-gel enzyme electrophoresis. they have proved to be indistinguishable from each other, and from a reference strain of leishmania chagasi cunha & chagas, 1937 from a case of human visceral leishmaniasis from bahia state, nor ... | 1986 | 3726975 |
| experimental visceral leishmaniasis in the owl monkey. | visceral leishmaniasis developed in eight owl monkeys (aotus trivirgatus) after intravenous inoculation with a khartoum strain (wr378) of leishmania donovani. six monkeys died within 93 days, and two monkeys recovered from the disease. clinically, signs were weight loss, anemia, and hepatosplenomegaly. hematologic findings included anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and lymphocytosis. analysis of serum or plasma revealed hyperbilirubinemia, azotemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, ... | 1986 | 3727315 |
| suppression of lymphocyte proliferative responses by sera from patients with american visceral leishmaniasis. | we examined the effect of sera from 11 patients with american visceral leishmaniasis on mitogen-driven lymphocyte proliferative capacity. all sera inhibited lymphocyte proliferation of patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) when stimulated by either phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin a or pokeweed mitogen. serum was also strongly inhibitory for concanavalin a-pulsed normal volunteers' pmbc. the effect of the serum was not due to cytotoxicity, inadequate nutritional support or altered ... | 1986 | 3728795 |
| effect of monosaccharides on uptake of leishmania donovani promastigotes by murine macrophages. | | 1986 | 3733134 |
| mechanism of action of amphotericin b on leishmania donovani promastigotes. | the growth of leishmania donovani promastigotes in a liquid medium was completely inhibited by amphotericin b at a concentration of 0.3 microgram ml-1 (0.3 microm). continuous release of small molecules that absorb at 260 nm and 280 nm was observed after contact with the drug. uptake of [u-14c]glucose was inhibited in cells treated with the drug. an immediate release of isotopic glucose and its metabolites from preloaded cells could be demonstrated after incubation with amphotericin b (0.4 micro ... | 1986 | 3736592 |
| [experimental assessment of the ability of different species of sandfly to transmit the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis]. | the authors succeeded in transmission of the visceral leishmaniasis agent (kazakh strain of leishmania infantum) through the sand flies phlebotomus longiductus, p. smirnovi and p. papatasi under experimental conditions. infected p. longiductus and p. smirnovi are capable of preserving the agent and infecting the susceptible mammals after the cessation of the 1st and 2nd gonotrophic cycles. p. papatasi transmitted the agent of visceral leishmaniasis only after the cessation of the 2nd gonotrophic ... | 1986 | 3737235 |
| inhibition of lymphokine-induced macrophage microbicidal activity against leishmania major by liposomes: characterization of the physicochemical requirements for liposome inhibition. | resident peritoneal macrophages from untreated mice develop potent microbicidal activity against amastigotes of leishmania major after in vitro treatment with lymphokine (lk) from mitogen-stimulated spleen cells. lk-induced macrophage microbicidal activity was completely and selectively abrogated by treatment with phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylserine (pc/ps) liposomes. other macrophage effector functions (phagocytosis, tumoricidal activity) were unaffected, as was cytotoxicity by macrophages a ... | 1986 | 3745916 |
| a prospective study of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area of brazil. | the epidemiology, clinical patterns, and risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis were prospectively studied in an endemic area of brazil. the prevalence of disease was 3.1% for children less than 15 years of age, and the annual incidence was 4.3 cases per 1,000 children. the number of children with disease fluctuated yearly and seasonally, and distribution of the disease varied within the endemic area. risk factors included young age (median, three years) and malnutrition before the onset of dis ... | 1986 | 3745974 |
| susceptibility of cebus nigrivittatus to leishmania infantum. | | 1986 | 3746568 |
| carbocyclic inosine as a potent anti-leishmanial agent: the metabolism and selective cytotoxic effects of carbocyclic inosine in promastigotes of leishmania tropica and leishmania donovani. | carbocyclic inosine is a potent inhibitor for the growth of the promastigote form of leishmania tropica and leishmania donovani. in culture, the ec50 values of carbocyclic inosine are 8.3 x 10(-8) and 1.3 x 10(-7) m for the promastigotes of l. tropica and l. donovani, respectively. on the other hand, it is less toxic towards mouse mammary tumor fm3a cells: the ec50 value is 2.7 x 10(-4) m. carbocyclic inosine is metabolized by leishmania promastigotes to give carbocyclic adenosine-5'-triphosphat ... | 1986 | 3753868 |
| purification and characterization of the extracellular acid phosphatase of leishmania donovani. | a tartrate sensitive acid phosphatase activity was purified from culture supernatants of leishmania donovani promastigotes grown in a macromolecule-free defined medium. purification was accomplished by ultrafiltration, lentil lectin affinity chromatography, and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. this enzyme was determined to be an acid glycoprotein containing 0.37 mg hexose per mg protein. a molecular weight of 134 000 by sucrose density gradient centrifugation was observed, although ... | 1986 | 3762593 |
| molecular karyotype of species and subspecies of leishmania. | the dna karyotypes of three species and several subspecies of new world leishmania were found to be distinct. the karyotypes were more similar among closely related isolates than among more distantly related groups. two classes of chromosomal dna differences were detected among stocks; +/- 50 kb size differences among dnas, some of which were shown to contain homologous sequences, and dnas having no obvious corresponding chromosomal dna in other isolates. a total of 14-24 chromosomal dna bands w ... | 1986 | 3762594 |
| adenine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient leishmania donovani. | mutant promastigotes of leishmania donovani deficient in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprtase) have been isolated in medium containing 4-aminopyrazolopyrimidine. the generation of aprtase-deficient mutants occurred in two discrete steps. in the first step, clones were isolated with 50% of wildtype levels of aprtase activity. these cells were reselected and colonies totally deficient in aprtase were isolated. partially and totally aprtase-deficient cells exhibited intermediate and complete ... | 1986 | 3766243 |
| 6-thiopurine riboside analogs: their toxicity and metabolism in leishmania donovani and mammalian cells. | | 1986 | 3766244 |
| anti-leishmanial activity of methyl glyoxal. | | 1986 | 3770819 |
| identification and biochemical characterization of the plasma membrane glucose transporter of leishmania donovani. | the plasma membrane glucose transporter of leishmania donovani, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite of humans, was specifically labeled, identified, and biochemically characterized. cytochalasin b, a known inhibitor of d-glucose transport in mammalian cells, but not cytochalasin e inhibited the transport of 2-deoxy-d-glucose in the extracellular promastigote form of this organism. hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azido-benzoate was used to photochemically cross-link [3h] cytochalasin b to the gluc ... | 1986 | 3771563 |
| protein methylation and protein methylases in leishmania donovani and leishmania tropica promastigotes. | we studied the content of acid-stable methylated amino acids of soluble proteins in promastigotes of leishmania donovani and l. tropica. epsilon-n-trimethyllysine and ng,ng-dimethylarginine were found in both leishmania species after culture in the presence of [methyl-14c]methionine. in addition, 3-n-methylhistidine was found only in l. tropica and epsilon-n-dimethyllysine only in proteins of l. donovani. as sinefungin, an antileishmanial nucleoside antibiotic, is a known transmethylase inhibito ... | 1986 | 3773934 |
| leishmania major and l. donovani: effects on proteolytic enzymes of phlebotomus papatasi (diptera, psychodidae). | phlebotomus papatasi is susceptible to leishmania major which it transmits in nature, but is resistant to l. donovani. the present study compares the effect of l. major and l. donovani on the proteolytic activity of p. papatasi gut enzymes. the experiments measured digestion of c14-labeled globin by gut homogenates of flies. homogenates were prepared from flies fed on serum only (controls) or from flies fed serum containing promastigotes or their dried culture overlayer. in other experiments, th ... | 1986 | 3780930 |
| toxic effects of fatty acids on leishmania donovani promastigotes. | | 1986 | 3781591 |
| new perspectives on a subclinical form of visceral leishmaniasis. | during an epidemiological study of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic region of brazil, new perspectives emerged on a subclinical form of the disease. a group of 86 children with antibody to leishmania were identified. none of these children had a history of leishmaniasis. the children were segregated into four groups: one group remained asymptomatic (n = 20), whereas another developed classic kala-azar within weeks of the index serology (n = 15). the remaining 51 patients initially had subcli ... | 1986 | 3782864 |
| immunological investigation of visceral leishmaniasis among school children in alexandria. | | 1986 | 3782899 |
| chromosome location of four genes in leishmania. | chromosome-sized dna molecules from leishmania isolates (l. mexicana amazonensis, l. mexicana mexicana, l. chagasi, l. major, l. donovani, and l. braziliensis) were separated by orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis. the chromosome locations of four genes were mapped. the alpha-tubulin and rrna genes each mapped to a single chromosome size class. the beta-tubulin and the 5'-spliced-leader-sequence genes were found on more than one chromosome size class and showed variation of hybridiz ... | 1986 | 3785294 |
| leishmania donovani: immunization against infection as a function of parasite growth phase. | c57bl/6 mice were immunized against leishmania donovani infection with a subcutaneous vaccination protocol. groups received 3 injections at 4-day intervals combining glucan and killed promastigotes harvested from either logarithmic or stationary phase cultures. controls were immunized with glucan alone, stationary or log phase promastigotes alone, or were untreated. all groups were challenged intravenously with stationary phase promastigotes at day 45 post-immunization. results revealed that ani ... | 1986 | 3789267 |
| comparison of extracellular acid phosphatases from various isolates of leishmania. | forty isolates of leishmania, representing all major species infecting humans and one parasite of lizards, were examined for their ability to secrete an extracellular acid phosphatase activity. this enzyme, which was originally described and characterized from a sudanese strain of l. donovani, was detected in the culture supernatants of all species of promastigotes examined except for l. major and l. tarentolae. there were quantitative differences among species in their levels of enzyme activity ... | 1986 | 3789268 |
| humoral factors during south american visceral leishmaniasis. | | 1986 | 3789849 |
| studies on exoantigens of leishmania donovani. | | 1986 | 3793129 |
| sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) associated with visceral leishmaniasis in el agamy, alexandria governorate, egypt. i. population ecology. | | 1986 | 3795230 |
| sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) associated with visceral leishmaniasis in el agamy, alexandria governorate, egypt. iii. experimental leishmania infections and vector status. | | 1986 | 3795232 |
| leishmania in the old world: 4. the distribution of l. donovani sensu lato zymodemes. | isoenzyme profiles of 67 stocks of leishmania donovani sensu lato from across the old world were compared with those of reference strains of l. donovani sensu stricto, l. infantum, l. major, l. tropica and l. aethiopica using starch-gel electrophoresis of 13 enzymes (gpi, gd, es, pgm, pepd, nh, asat, alat, pk, mpi, 6pgd, sod, mdh). 12 zymodemes were seen. isolates from man, canis familiaris, vulpes vulpes, rattus rattus, arvicanthis sp. and phlebotomus martini were examined. several zymodemes co ... | 1986 | 3798531 |
| leishmaniasis in sardinia: ii. natural infection of phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911, by leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908, in the province of cagliari. | two promastigote-infected specimens of phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911, were found in the province of cagliari, italy. the parasites from one specimen were successfully cultured in a hamster. the isolate was typed on 11 enzymes and shown to be identical with the reference strain of leishmania infantum s.st. this is the first typing of a leishmanial organism from naturally infected p. perniciosus. | 1986 | 3798544 |
| [serological, clinical and epidemiologic analysis of 53 cases of kala-azar in the arab republic of yemen]. | the visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) is present in republic arab of yemen. on 53 cases diagnosed during 21 months in taez republican hospital the disease is affecting essentially children (55 under five years old) with predominant focus in the area of charaab and qobeita. serology using passive hemagglutination is helpful for the diagnosis when the rate is higher or equal to 1/64e. the problem of wrong positive reaction in cases of lymphoblastic leukemia and hodgkin is noticed. | 1986 | 3802310 |
| leishmania spp.: agar plating as an alternative to limiting dilution and impression smears for the enumeration of viable parasites in tissue. | | 1987 | 3803532 |
| [detecting l. donovani circulating antigen by mcab in the diagnosis of kala-azar]. | | 1986 | 3804301 |
| [investigation of non-specific immune suppression in dba/1 mouse infected by l. donovani]. | | 1986 | 3804302 |
| susceptibilities of macrophage populations to infection in vitro by leishmania donovani. | many studies have demonstrated differences in the resistance of strains of mice to infection by leishmania donovani, salmonella typhimurium, and mycobacterium bovis bcg; this resistance/susceptibility phenotype seems to be controlled by a single gene. the present study investigated the susceptibility of liver, lung, peritoneal, and spleen macrophages to infection by l. donovani promastigotes in vitro; the objective was to determine if the susceptibility of animals was expressed by their macropha ... | 1987 | 3804446 |
| two high affinity nucleoside transporters in leishmania donovani. | a rapid sampling kinetic technique has been used to evaluate the nucleoside transport functions of leishmania donovani. the results indicated that l. donovani promastigotes possessed two independent purine nucleoside transporters with nonoverlapping substrate specificity. the first transported inosine, guanosine, and their analogs, while the second carried adenosine, analogs of adenosine, and the pyrimidine nucleosides, uridine, cytidine, and thymidine. the apparent km values of the two nucleosi ... | 1987 | 3807949 |
| the suitability of east african primates as animal models of visceral leishmaniasis. | the susceptibility of four east african primate species to experimental infection with leishmania donovani was investigated. vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops), sykes monkeys (c. mitis) and baboons (papio cynocephalus) all supported low grade infections for periods ranging between four and eight months and subsequently showed evidence of self-cure. greater bushbabies (galago crassicaudatus) remained completely refractory throughout the course of the experiment. the significance of hepatic h ... | 1986 | 3810791 |
| biochemical identities and differences among leishmania species and subspecies. | an analysis was presented for identification of 20 species and subspecies of leishmania by cellulose acetate electrophoresis data from the enzymes glucose phosphate isomerase, mannose phosphate isomerase, and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. most leishmania could be identified from data of these three enzymes. the cae data for 20 enzymes from over 300 new and old world isolates were combined, and an analysis of the data which included calculations of genetic identities and genetic distances was r ... | 1987 | 3812883 |
| antileishmanial activity of liposome-encapsulated amphotericin b in hamsters and monkeys. | visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) results from parasitization of the macrophages of the liver, spleen, and the rest of the visceral reticuloendothelial system with leishmania donovani. pentavalent antimony is the drug of choice for leishmaniasis chemotherapy; amphotericin b (amb) is active but is rarely used, because of drug toxicity. amb encapsulated within macrophage-directed carriers (liposomes) has been used to treat humans with systemic mycoses complicating neoplastic diseases; dosages of ... | 1986 | 3813512 |
| conversion of radiolabelled ethanolamine plasmalogen into the dimethylethanolamine and choline analogue via transphosphatidylation by phospholipase d from cabbage. | starting from biosynthetically prepared ethanolamine plasmalogen 14c-labelled in the o-alkenyl moiety, choline and dimethylethanolamine plasmalogen were prepared by transphosphatidylation utilizing phospholipase d from cabbage. investigation of the time course of the reaction showed that transphosphatidylation was simultaneously accompanied by hydrolysis of both the substrate and the desired product, resulting in a maximum of product yield after 1-3 h under the reaction conditions investigated. ... | 1986 | 3815628 |
| quantitative grading of leishmania donovani amastigotes in bone marrow aspirates smears. | | 1986 | 3817928 |
| [interaction of leishmania donovani promastigotes with peritoneal exudate cells of mice as affected by chymotrypsin]. | | 1986 | 3823739 |
| experimental infections of the multimammate rat (mastomys natalensis) with leishmania donovani and leishmania major. | the susceptibility of the multimammate rat, mastomys natalensis, to experimental infections with leishmania donovani and l. major was examined. inoculations of l. major promastigotes into the skin resulted in nonulcerating lesions in which parasites could be detected for more than 30 weeks later. intravenous inoculations of l. donovani promastigotes produced visceral infections characterized by a continuing increase in splenic parasite burdens and liver parasite burdens which peaked during the f ... | 1987 | 3826485 |
| identification and distribution of new world leishmania species characterized by serodeme analysis using monoclonal antibodies. | five hundred thirty stocks of leishmania isolated from human and domestic and wild reservoir hosts, representing a wide geographic distribution of endemic foci of american cutaneous (acl) and visceral leishmaniases (avl) were characterized and identified at species and/or subspecies levels based on their reactivity to a cross-panel of specific monoclonal antibodies using a radioimmune binding assay. this study confirms and extends our preliminary results on the high specificity of some of these ... | 1987 | 3826486 |
| bulk production and comparison of promastigote and amastigote antigens of leishmania donovani for serodiagnosis and value of serum protein and immunoglobulin changes in diagnosis of kala-azar cases. | | 1985 | 3831071 |
| immunoprophylaxis against kala-azar egg homogenate (eh9) cultured l. donovani--a probable prophylactic. | | 1985 | 3831072 |
| monoclonal antibodies to leishmania parasite (a preliminary report). | | 1985 | 3831073 |
| cell cycle of leishmania donovani. | | 1985 | 3833679 |
| brazilian leishmania stocks phenotypically similar to leishmania major. | screening by enzyme electrophoresis of isolates of new world leishmania from different geographic areas revealed a number of stocks with enzyme profiles different from those produced by reference strains of described subspecies of l. mexicana, l. braziliensis, and l. donovani. analysis by six enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase; alanine aminotransferase; malate dehydrogenase; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; phosphoglucomutase; and glucose-phosphate isomerase) showed that these stocks have ide ... | 1985 | 3834794 |
| adoptive transfer of vaccine-induced resistance to leishmania donovani. | balb/c mice were immunized with three subcutaneous injections combining killed parasites and glucan, or were untreated. spleen cells were transferred to syngeneic recipients. mice which received 5 x 10(8) spleen cells from vaccinated donors demonstrated significant protection against leishmania donovani challenge as compared to untreated mice receiving immune sera, or mice which received untreated spleen cells. | 1985 | 3834795 |
| the activity of plumbagin and other electron carriers against leishmania donovani and leishmania mexicana amazonensis. | | 1985 | 3834847 |
| observations on the role of vespertilionid bats in relation to non-human vertebrate reservoir in indian kala-azar. | | 1985 | 3835116 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to leishmania donovani. | | 1985 | 3836561 |
| the retained capacity of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva) to transmit leishmania chagasi (cunha & chagas) after eight years (64 generations) in a closed laboratory colony. | a closed lutzomyia longipalpis colony, from ceará has been used to transmit leishmania chagasi isolated from a fox in pará state. the last time this colony was successfully used in similar transmission experiments was eight years (64 generations) ago indicating that this colony of lu. longipalpis has fully maintained its vectorial capacity in spite of such a long period of maintainance in the laboratory. | 1985 | 3837170 |
| canine visceral leishmaniasis in rio de janeiro, brazil. clinical, parasitological, therapeutical and epidemiological findings (1977-1983). | forty dogs from the periphery of the city of rio de janeiro were studied. all dogs where diagnosed as positive for leishmaniasis either parasitologically and/or serologically. among them, 19 came from areas where only visceral leishmaniasis (vl) occurs (realengo, bangu, senador camará). clinical signs of the disease were seen in 36.8% of the cases, including emaciation - 100%, lymphadenopathy and depilation - 85.7%. the other 21 dogs came from an area (campo grande) where both diseases (vl, and ... | 1985 | 3837171 |
| [observation on susceptibilities and immune responses of four strains of mice to the infection of a leishmania donovani chinese strain]. | | 1985 | 3837361 |
| [studies on monoclonal antibodies against leishmania donovani xinjiang strain]. | | 1985 | 3837707 |
| [the genus leishmania in italy]. | seventy-four leishmania isolates collected in italy from six different regions where leishmaniases are endemic, have been typed. parasites have been isolated from: man (vl and cl), dog, black rat (rattus rattus), fox (vulpes vulpes) and geckoes (tarentola mauritanica and cyrtodactylus kotschyi). the isolates have been characterized by starch-gel electrophoresis for 9-16 enzymes whose mobility was compared with that of international reference strains for l. infantum, l. tropica, l. major, l. dono ... | 1985 | 3870639 |
| hypergammaglobulinaemia in leishmania donovani infected hamsters: possible association with a polyclonal activator of b cells and with suppression of t cell function. | studies were carried out on the mechanisms by which b lymphocytes are polyclonally activated to secrete antibodies during visceral leishmaniasis. crude extracts of leishmania donovani, the aetiological agent of this disease, of leishmania mexicana amazonensis, the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, and of herpetomonas muscarum, a related non-pathogenic organism, all contain components which cause strong in vitro polyclonal activation of hamster spleen cells leading to the production o ... | 1985 | 3872189 |
| macrophage complement and lectin-like receptors bind leishmania in the absence of serum. | we have examined the relative roles of the macrophage (m phi) plasma membrane receptor for the cleaved third complement component (ic3b, cr3) and of the mannosyl/fucosyl receptor (mfr) in binding and ingestion of leishmania donovani. in the absence of exogenous complement, the binding and ingestion of promastigotes, which are good activators of the alternative complement pathway, were inhibited by the anti-cr3 monoclonal antibody m1/70, by the fab portion of an anti-c3 antibody, or by the nucleo ... | 1985 | 3891904 |
| subspecies-specific surface antigens of promastigotes of the leishmania donovani complex. | sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of proteins and externally exposed labeled surface constituents were analyzed in promastigotes of three etiological agents of kala azar (leishmania donovani, hs70 strain from india; l. chagasi, imperatriz strain from brazil; l. infantum, itmpa k263 strain from morocco and mo strain from france). coomassie blue-stained gels showed similar protein patterns for l. donovani and l. chagasi and a more distinct one for l. infantum. surf ... | 1985 | 3899930 |
| detection of the microtubule cytoskeleton of the coccidian toxoplasma gondii and the hemoflagellate leishmania donovani by monoclonal antibodies specific for beta-tubulin. | seven monoclonal antibodies specific for mammalian beta-tubulin demonstrate the microtubule cytoskeleton of toxoplasma gondii and leishmania donovani by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. immunoblots of t. gondii and l. donovani proteins separated by sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirm the specificity of the monoclonal antibodies for tubulin. differential staining of flagellar and subpellicular microtubule populations was not seen in l. donovani with these antibodies. all seven a ... | 1985 | 3906104 |
| the potential role of leishmania antigens and immunoglobulins in the pathogenesis of glomerular lesions of hamsters infected with leishmania donovani. | | 1985 | 3909974 |
| role of macrophage complement and lectin-like receptors in binding leishmania parasites to host macrophages. | this paper reviews briefly work carried out in our laboratory on the relative roles of the macrophage plasma membrane receptor (cr3) for the cleaved third complement component (ic3b) and the mannosyl/fucosyl receptor (mfr) in binding, ingestion and respiratory burst (rb) response elicited by promastigotes versus amastigotes of leishmania donovani. in the absence of serum soluble inhibitors (mannan, ribonuclease b) of the mfr cause a dose-dependent reduction in the numbers of promastigotes bindin ... | 1985 | 3910569 |
| a survey for american cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis among 1,342 dogs from areas in rio de janeiro (brazil) where the human diseases occur. | there are areas in the periphery of rio de janeiro city where human cases of visceral and/or cutaneous leishmaniasis occur. the parasites have been identified as leishmania donovani and leishmania braziliensis braziliensis respectively. a survey for leishmaniasis was done among 1,342 dogs from those areas using an indirect immunofluorescent test. from the dogs, 616 came from areas where only human cases of visceral leishmaniasis occurred, 373 from an area where all human cases were of cutaneous ... | 1985 | 3910994 |
| [basis for the possible use of the indirect immunofluorescence reaction for the serological diagnosis of tick-borne borreliosis]. | | 1985 | 3911041 |
| infectivity of leishmania promastigotes is associated with surface antigenic expression. | differentiation between a non-infective and an infective leishmania promastigote population was demonstrated. promastigotes in the stationary phase (day 5) were found to be highly infective in vitro to balb/c mouse peritoneal macrophages, compared with those of the logarithmic phase (day 3). the infective promastigotes showed surface antigenic determinants different from non-infective ones. polyclonal anti-3 day and anti-5 day antibodies were bound specifically to the surface of corresponding pr ... | 1985 | 3912320 |
| epidemiologic study of visceral leishmaniasis in honduras, 1975-1983. | between 1975 and 1983, 53 patients with parasitologically proven visceral leishmaniasis (vl) and 16 patients with suspected vl were diagnosed in honduras. the patients' ages ranged from 3 months to 10 years, but 95% were younger than 3 years old. since 1978, when 16 patients were reported, the yearly incidence has declined, and in 1982 only 4 patients were reported. we located and interviewed the families of 57 of the 69 patients. at the onset of illness, all 57 patients lived in rural areas, an ... | 1985 | 3914845 |
| arachidonic acid metabolism by murine peritoneal macrophages infected with leishmania donovani: in vitro evidence for parasite-induced alterations in cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. | leishmania donovani is an obligate intracellular protozoan that resides within mononuclear phagocytes of infected mammals. affected human and rodent hosts commonly show abnormalities of t cell function, which may be related to altered macrophage physiology resulting from intracellular parasitism. to examine this possibility, we studied the metabolism of endogenous arachidonyl-phospholipids and [3h]-arachidonyl-phospholipids by murine peritoneal exudate macrophages infected with amastigotes of l. ... | 1985 | 3917283 |
| cytotoxicity of human serum for leishmania donovani amastigotes: antibody facilitation of alternate complement pathway-mediated killing. | mechanisms that mediate recovery from leishmanial infection have not been fully characterized but are generally believed to involve interactions between t lymphocytes and macrophages. a major role for serum-mediated effector mechanisms in the protection of humans from reinfection with leishmania, however, has not been ruled out. in this report, amastigotes of l. donovani were incubated with dilutions of serum from normal subjects and from patients with kala-azar. normal serum was cytotoxic for p ... | 1985 | 3917426 |
| activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo by interferon-gamma. | to determine the role of ifn-gamma in the activation of resident mouse peritoneal macrophages, crude macrophage-activating lymphokines were incubated with a monoclonal anti-murine ifn-gamma antibody. this treatment abolished the capacity of mitogen-induced lymphokines to enhance either h2o2 release or activity against the intracellular protozoa toxoplasma gondii and leishmania donovani. all macrophage-activating factor detected by these assays was also removed by passing the lymphokines over a s ... | 1985 | 3918107 |
| c-reactive protein binds leishmanial excreted factors. | excreted factors from leishmania tropica and leishmania donovani are precipitated by human and rabbit c-reactive protein. the reaction is calcium dependent and appears to be similar to that reported to occur between c-reactive protein and various galactans. the absence of phosphate and n-acetyl galactosamine suggests that the reaction is not the result of any similarity of the excreted factors to pneumococcal c-polysaccharide. | 1985 | 3919399 |
| murine kupffer cells. mononuclear phagocytes deficient in the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates. | murine kupffer cells (kc) were isolated by a high yield collagenase perfusion technique. the morphology, surface markers, and secretory products were typical of macrophages in other tissues. however, kc released negligible levels of h2o2 and o-2, in contrast to peritoneal macrophages. kc oxygen consumption was not increased by agents triggering a respiratory burst in peritoneal cells. moreover, kc capacity to secrete reactive oxygen intermediates (roi), in contrast to ia antigen expression, was ... | 1985 | 3921651 |
| mouse chromosome 1 ity locus regulates microbicidal activity of isolated peritoneal macrophages against a diverse group of intracellular and extracellular bacteria. | the genotype of a mouse influences whether or not it will survive infection with the agent of murine typhoid, salmonella typhimurium. the best-characterized murine salmonella response gene is a chromosome 1 locus designated ity. inbred strains of mice that express the itys allele are unable to contain the net growth of salmonella typhimurium within their spleens and livers, and usually die early in the infection. by contrast, mice homozygous or heterozygous for the ityr allele are able to contro ... | 1985 | 3923111 |
| human monocyte activation for cytotoxicity against intracellular leishmania donovani amastigotes: induction of microbicidal activity by interferon-gamma. | macrophages are pivotal cells in interactions of man and leishmania. leishmanial disease results from intracellular infection of macrophages: parasitized cells are seen in smears or biopsy specimens of lesions; macrophages cultured in vitro support replication of parasites. paradoxically, parasite destruction is also mediated by macrophages, which become highly cytotoxic after exposure to immune lymphocytes or their lymphokine (lk) products. the precise molecular mechanisms by which lymphocytes ... | 1985 | 3928173 |