| first total syntheses and antimicrobial evaluation of penicimonoterpene, a marine-derived monoterpenoid, and its various derivatives. | the first total synthesis of marine-derived penicimonoterpene (±)-1 has been achieved in four steps from 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one using a reformatsky reaction as the key step to construct the basic carbon skeleton. a total of 24 new derivatives of 1 have also been designed and synthesized. their structures were characterized by analysis of their 1h nmr, 13c nmr and hresims data. some of them showed significant antibacterial activity against aeromonas hydrophila, escherichia coli, micrococcus lute ... | 2014 | 24897384 |
| tawrky68 responses to biotic stresses are revealed by the orthologous genes from major cereals. | wrky transcription factors have been extensively characterized in the past 20 years, but in wheat, studies on wrky genes and their function are lagging behind many other species. to explore the function of wheat wrky genes, we identified a tawrky68 gene from a common wheat cultivar. it encodes a protein comprising 313 amino acids which harbors 19 conserved motifs or active sites. gene expression patterns were determined by analyzing microarray data of tawrky68 in wheat and of orthologous genes f ... | 2014 | 24688294 |
| composition of endophytic fungal community associated with leaves of maize cultivated in south brazilian field. | the objective of this study was to conduct a survey about fungi associated with leaves from two different maize plant lineages and to analyze their microbiota diversity. isolated fungi were identified by morphological analysis and molecular taxonomy was performed using its1-5.8s-its2 rdna. about 27 fungi morphotypes were obtained, 15 of them were from the first maize lineage. about 86.7% of the individuals belonged to the dothideomycetes class (phoma sorghina, epicocum nigrum, cladosporium sp., ... | 2016 | 27936873 |
| binary and tertiary combination of alternariol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol on hepg2 cells: toxic effects and evaluation of degradation products. | fungi producers of mycotoxins are able to synthesize more than one toxin. alternariol (aoh) is one of the mycotoxins produced by several alternaria species, the most common one being alternaria alternata. the toxins 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-adon) and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-adon) are acetylated forms of deoxynivalenol (don) produced by fusarium graminearum. in the present work it is determined and evaluated the toxic effects of binary and tertiary combination treatment of hepg2 cells with ... | 2016 | 27131905 |
| triterpenoids from the herbs of salicornia bigelovii. | a new nortriterpene saponin, 3-o-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl-30-norolean-12,20(29)-dien-23- oxo-28-oic acid, namely bigelovii d (11), was isolated from the hydroalcoholic extract of herbs of salicornia bigelovii along with 10 known saponins (1-10). their chemical structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analyses including two-dimensional nmr and a comparison with literature data. some of these compounds showed potent antifungal activities in vitro. compounds 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 and 11 d ... | 2015 | 26569214 |
| mycotoxigenic potential of fungi isolated from freshly harvested argentinean blueberries. | alternaria alternata, a. tenuissima, fusarium graminearum, f. semitectum, f. verticillioides, aspergillus flavus, and aspergillus section nigri strains obtained from blueberries during the 2009 and 2010 harvest season from entre ríos, argentina were analyzed to determine their mycotoxigenic potential. taxonomy status at the specific level was determined both on morphological and molecular grounds. alternariol (aoh), alternariol monomethyl ether (ame), aflatoxins (afs), zearalenone (zea), fumonis ... | 2014 | 25098914 |
| ergosterol concentration and variability in genotype-by-pathogen interaction for grain mold resistance in sorghum. | a lack of understanding of host-by-pathogen relations can hinder the success of breeding for resistance to a major disease. fungal strain pathogenicity has to be understood from the virulence it can cause on susceptible genotypes and host resistance indicates which genotypes have resistance genes. where the two worlds meet lies the place where researchers match the prevalent pathogen in the area of production with resistant varieties. this paper uses ergosterol concentration analysis as a measur ... | 2014 | 24817586 |
| the gacs-regulated sigma factor rpos governs production of several factors involved in biocontrol activity of the rhizobacterium pseudomonas chlororaphis o6. | pseudomonas chlororaphis o6 possesses many beneficial traits involved in biocontrol of plant diseases. in this paper, we examined the effect of a mutation in rpos encoding a stress-related alternative sigma factor to better understand the regulation of these traits. biochemical studies indicated that production of acyl homoserine lactones was altered and phenazine was increased in the p. chlororaphis o6 rpos mutant. the rpos mutation reduced hydrogen cyanide levels, but the rpos mutant still dis ... | 2013 | 23898999 |
| synthesis and antifungal activities of 2-(n-arylsulfonylindol-3-yl)-3-aryl-1,3-thiazinan-4-ones. | a series of 2-(n-arylsulfonylindol-3-yl)-3-aryl-1,3-thiazinan-4-one derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against seven phytopathogenic fungi, namely fusarium graminearum, alternaria solani, fusarium oxysporium f. sp. vasinfectum, alternaria brassicae, valsa mali, alternaria alternata, and pyricularia oryzae. among all derivatives, especially compound 4j exhibited a potential antifungal activity against four phytopathogenic fungi. | 2013 | 23819301 |
| mycoflora and mycotoxin contamination of roundup ready soybean harvested in the pampean region, argentina. | a total of 89 freshly harvested soybean seed samples (roundup ready [transgenic] soybean cultivars) from the 2010/2011 crop season were collected from five locations in the northern pampean region ii, argentina. these samples were analyzed for internal mycoflora, toxin production of isolated fungi, and for a range of mycotoxins. mycotoxin analysis of aflatoxins (afs), zearalenone (zea), fumonisins (fbs) and ochratoxin a (ota) was done by hplc-fld (high performance liquid chromatography with post ... | 2013 | 23765598 |
| mycoflora and ochratoxin a control in wheat grain using natural extracts obtained from wine industry by-products. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of some natural extracts obtained from grape pomace (gpe) and grape seeds (gse) as compared to a synthetic food, antioxidant-butylated hydroxytoluene (bht), in order to control fungal population and ochratoxin a (ota) production in naturally contaminated wheat. the results showed that the addition of these extracts was efficient with ota content decreasing. on treatment with these extracts the loss of ota content after 14 days was in the range 7.8 ... | 2012 | 22606022 |
| synthesis and in vitro antifungal efficacy of oleoyl-chitosan nanoparticles against plant pathogenic fungi. | an antifungal dispersion system was prepared by oleoyl-chitosan (o-chitosan) nanoparticles, and the antifungal activity against several plant pathogenic fungi was investigated. under scanning electron microscopy, the nanoparticles formulation appeared to be uniform with almost spherical shape. the particle size of nanoparticles was around 296.962 nm. transmission electron microscopy observation showed that nanoparticles could be well distributed in potato dextrose agar medium. mycelium growth ex ... | 2016 | 26434526 |
| cocultivation of phytopathogenic fusarium and alternaria strains affects fungal growth and mycotoxin production. | a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the influence of cocultivation of toxigenic fusarium (f.) and alternaria (a.) fungi with respect to growth and mycotoxin production. | 2012 | 22776416 |
| zearalenone lactonohydrolase activity in hypocreales and its evolutionary relationships within the epoxide hydrolase subset of a/b-hydrolases. | zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced by several species of fusarium genus, most notably fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum. this resorcylic acid lactone is one of the most important toxins causing serious animal and human diseases. for over two decades it has been known that the mycoparasitic fungus clonostachys rosea (synonym: gliocladium roseum, teleomorph: bionectria ochroleuca) can detoxify zearalenone, however no such attributes have been described within the trichoderma genus. | 2014 | 24708405 |
| evaluation of the risk of fungal spoilage when substituting sucrose with commercial purified stevia glycosides in sweetened bakery products. | the objectives of this study were to compare the effect of different stevia-based sugar substitutes (s1-s3), sucrose alone and a mixture of sucrose+s1 on: (a) humectant properties, (b) relative colonisation rates of sponge cake slices at 0.90 aw by strains of aspergillus flavus, eurotium amstelodami, fusarium graminearum and penicillium verrucosum at 20 and 25°c and (c) shelf-life periods in days prior to visible growth. results showed that sucrose, s1 commercial sugar substitute and the mixture ... | 2016 | 27183230 |
| chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils from medicinal plants of kazakhstan. | the composition of essential oils from leaves of kazakhstan medicinal plants was analysed by gc-ms. the major compounds identified were 1,8-cineole (34.2%), myrcene (19.1%) and α-pinene (9.4%) in ajania fruticulosa; 1,8-cineole (21.0%), β-thujone (11.0%), camphor (8.5%), borneol (7.3%) and α-thujone (6.5%), in achillea nobilis; camphor (47.3%), 1,8-cineole (23.9%), camphene (9.8%) and β-thujone (6.0%) in artemisia terrae-albae; 1,8-cineole(55.8%) and β-pinene (6.2%) in hyssopus ambiguus; α-thuye ... | 2017 | 27879146 |
| a mini-survey of moulds and mycotoxins in locally grown and imported wheat grains in nigeria. | a preliminary survey involving limited sample size was conducted to determine the spectrum of moulds and mycotoxins in wheat grains from flour mills and local markets in nigeria. fourteen wheat samples were analyzed for moulds using standard mycological methods and for toxic fungal metabolites using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method. fusarium (range of incidence 12.5-61.7%) dominated in the wheat grains though species of aspergillus (range of incidence 2.24-3.86%) were als ... | 2017 | 27905064 |
| endophytic fungi from selected varieties of soybean (glycine max l. merr.) and corn (zea mays l.) grown in an agricultural area of argentina. | endophytic fungi are ubiquitous and live within host plants without causing any noticeable symptoms of disease. little is known about the diversity and function of fungal endophytes in plants, particularly in economically important species. the aim of this study was to determine the identity and diversity of endophytic fungi in leaves, stems and roots of soybean and corn plants and to determine their infection frequencies. plants were collected in six areas of the provinces of buenos aires and e ... | 2017 | 27045749 |
| behaviour of aspergillus flavus and fusarium graminearum on rice as affected by degree of milling, temperature, and relative humidity during storage. | we investigated the survival and growth patterns of aspergillus flavus and fusarium graminearum, as well as mycotoxin production, on korean rice as affected by the degree of milling (rough, brown, and white rice) and storage conditions (21 °c/85% relative humidity [rh], 21 °c/97% rh, and 30 °c/85% rh). when rice was stored at 21 °c/85% rh, the population of a. flavus remained constant and aflatoxin was not produced, regardless of the degree of milling. at 21 °c/97% rh and 30 °c/85% rh, the popul ... | 2015 | 25475300 |
| mycoflora and deoxynivalenol in whole wheat grains (triticum aestivum l.) from southern brazil. | the fungal species fusarium graminearum is related to deoxynivalenol (don) formation. the aim of this study was to evaluate mycoflora and don occurrence in 53 whole wheat grain samples collected in southern brazil during the 2012 crop. wheat grains showed adequate values of water activity ranging from 0.48 to 0.72, within the required limits of moisture content, ranging from 9.1% to 13.9%. in addition, low counts of fungal colonies, ranging from 10 to 8.2 × 10(2), were found. for fusarium genera ... | 2014 | 25029408 |
| design and synthesis of some new 1,3,4-thiadiazines with coumarin moieties and their antioxidative and antifungal activity. | a series of newly disubstituted (compounds 4a,b) and trisubstituted 1,3,4-thiadiazines 5a-l with various substituents was prepared utilizing different thiosemicarbazides and 3-α-bromoacetylcoumarins as starting compounds. the structures of the synthesized 1,3,4-thiadiazines are elucidated and confirmed utilizing the corresponding analytical and spectroscopic data. all of the new thiadiazine derivatives were tested for their antioxidant activity, employing different antioxidant assays (dpph scave ... | 2014 | 24445343 |
| mycoflora study in a wheat flour mill of argentina. | wheat conditioning, milling and screening, and filling zone, as well as, raw material -wheat-, intermediate product -grits- and end product -flour- on day 1, and after cleaning improvements -days 45 and 90- were studied in an argentine wheat mill. samples were incubated at 28°c for 5-7 days on malt extract agar with chloramphenicol (100 mg l(-1)) and the results were expressed in colony forming units per cubic meter of air (cfu m(-3)) or per gram of sample (cfu g(-1)), respectively. fungal gener ... | 2012 | 24031975 |
| 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin antifungal and antioxidant activity enhancement by substitution with thiosemicarbazide and thiazolidinone moieties. | according to literature data, thiosemicarbazide and thiazolidinone moieties should enhance biological properties of coumarin. antioxidant, metal-chelating and antifungal activities of all compounds were investigated and compared to the activity of the starting material, 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin, and were proven to possess potent antioxidant and antifungal activity. in general, thiosemicarbazides showed higher scavenging activity towards dpph and galvinoxyl radicals than did 4-thiazolidinones a ... | 2013 | 23561135 |
| aflatoxins, fumonisins, and trichothecenes: a convergence of knowledge. | plant pathogenic fungi aspergillus flavus, fusarium verticillioides, and fusarium graminearum infect seeds of the most important food and feed crops, including maize, wheat, and barley. more importantly, these fungi produce aflatoxins, fumonisins, and trichothecenes, respectively, which threaten health and food security worldwide. in this review, we examine the molecular mechanisms and environmental factors that regulate mycotoxin biosynthesis in each fungus, and discuss the similarities and dif ... | 2013 | 23078349 |
| gliotoxin effects on fungal growth: mechanisms and exploitation. | although initially investigated for its antifungal properties, little is actually known about the effect of gliotoxin on aspergillus fumigatus and other fungi. we have observed that exposure of a. fumigatus to exogenous gliotoxin (14 μg/ml), under gliotoxin-limited growth conditions, results in significant alteration of the expression of 27 proteins (up- and down-regulated >1.9-fold; p<0.05) including de novo expression of cu, zn superoxide dismutase, up-regulated allergen asp f3 expression and ... | 2012 | 22405895 |
| inhibitory effects of gossypol, gossypolone, and apogossypolone on a collection of economically important filamentous fungi. | racemic gossypol and its related derivatives gossypolone and apogossypolone demonstrated significant growth inhibition against a diverse collection of filamentous fungi that included aspergillus flavus, aspergillus parasiticus, aspergillus alliaceus, aspergillus fumigatus, fusarium graminearum, fusarium moniliforme, penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium corylophilum, and stachybotrys atra. the compounds were tested in a czapek agar medium at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. racemic gossypol and apog ... | 2012 | 22324794 |
| fungi associated with rice at entre rios province, argentina. toxigenic capacity offusarium graminearum andmicrodochium nivale isolates. | a mycological survey was carried out on rice samples harvested in 1997 and 1998 from entre ríos province, belonging to the main production area of argentina. the relative density and isolation frequency of the prevalent fungi were statistically compared between locations and harvest seasons. the genusalternaria was the most prevalent component of the internal seedborne mycoflora in the two harvest seasons. fungi belonging to the generaphoma, fusarium, microdochium, penicillium andaspergillus wer ... | 2001 | 23605679 |
| fungal sex: the ascomycota. | this article provides an overview of sexual reproduction in the ascomycetes, a phylum of fungi that is named after the specialized sacs or "asci" that hold the sexual spores. they have therefore also been referred to as the sac fungi due to these characteristic structures that typically contain four to eight ascospores. ascomycetes are morphologically diverse and include single-celled yeasts, filamentous fungi, and more complex cup fungi. the sexual cycles of many species, including those of the ... | 2016 | 27763253 |
| characterization of thermophilic fungal community associated with pile fermentation of pu-erh tea. | this study aimed to characterize the thermophilic fungi in pile-fermentation process of pu-erh tea. physicochemical analyses showed that the high temperature and low ph provided optimal conditions for propagation of fungi. a number of fungi, including blastobotrys adeninivorans, thermomyces lanuginosus, rasamsonia emersonii, aspergillus fumigatus, rhizomucor pusillus, rasamsonia byssochlamydoides, rasamsonia cylindrospora, aspergillus tubingensis, aspergillus niger, candida tropicalis and fusari ... | 2016 | 27046629 |
| fgric8 is involved in regulating vegetative growth, conidiation, deoxynivalenol production and virulence in fusarium graminearum. | proteins of the resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8 (ric8) group act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (gefs) and play important roles in regulating g-protein signaling in animals. in filamentous fungi, putative ric8 orthologs have so far been identified in magnaporthe oryzae, neurospora crassa, aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus. here, we report the functional investigation of a potential ric8 ortholog (fgric8) in the wheat head blight pathogen fusarium graminearum. ta ... | 2015 | 26341536 |
| the apses family proteins in fungi: characterizations, evolution and functions. | the apses protein family belongs to transcriptional factors of the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) class, the originally described members (apses: asm1p, phd1p, sok2p, efg1p and stuap) are used to designate this group of proteins, and they have been identified as key regulators of fungal development and other biological processes. apses proteins share a highly conserved dna-binding domain (apses domain) of about 100 amino acids, whose central domain is predicted to form a typical bhlh structure. b ... | 2015 | 25534868 |
| reconstruction of the biosynthetic pathway for the core fungal polyketide scaffold rubrofusarin in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | fungal polyketides include commercially important pharmaceuticals and food additives, e.g. the cholesterol-lowering statins and the red and orange monascus pigments. presently, production relies on isolation of the compounds from the natural producers, and systems for heterologous production in easily fermentable and genetically engineerable organisms, such as saccharomyces cerevisiae and escherichia coli are desirable. rubrofusarin is an orange polyketide pigment that is a common intermediate i ... | 2013 | 23557488 |
| fusarium sambucinum asta gene expressed during potato infection is a functional orthologue of aspergillus nidulans asta. | sulfate assimilation plays a vital role in prototrophic organisms. orthologues of the alternative sulfate transporter (asta) gene from aspergillus nidulans were identified in the fungal plant pathogens fusarium sambucinum and fusarium graminearum. by physiological and biochemical analyses, the asta orthologues were determined to be able to uptake sulfate from the environment. similarly to asta in a. nidulans, the fsasta gene was found to be regulated by sulfur metabolite repression (smr) in a su ... | 2015 | 25986548 |
| fgflbd regulates hyphal differentiation required for sexual and asexual reproduction in the ascomycete fungus fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum is a filamentous fungal plant pathogen that infects major cereal crops. the fungus produces both sexual and asexual spores in order to endure unfavorable environmental conditions and increase their numbers and distribution across plants. in a model filamentous fungus, aspergillus nidulans, early induction of conidiogenesis is orchestrated by the fluffy genes. the objectives of this study were to characterize fluffy gene homologs involved in conidiogenesis and their mechanism ... | 2014 | 25277408 |
| similar is not the same: differences in the function of the (hemi-)cellulolytic regulator xlnr (xlr1/xyr1) in filamentous fungi. | the transcriptional activator xlnr (xlr1/xyr1) is a major regulator in fungal xylan and cellulose degradation as well as in the utilization of d-xylose via the pentose catabolic pathway. xlnr homologs are commonly found in filamentous ascomycetes and often assumed to have the same function in different fungi. however, a comparison of the saprobe aspergillus niger and the plant pathogen magnaporthe oryzae showed different phenotypes for deletion strains of xlnr. in this study wild type and xlnr/x ... | 2014 | 25064064 |
| weta is required for conidiogenesis and conidium maturation in the ascomycete fungus fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum, a prominent fungal pathogen that infects major cereal crops, primarily utilizes asexual spores to spread disease. to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying conidiogenesis in f. graminearum, we functionally characterized the f. graminearum ortholog of aspergillus nidulans weta, which has been shown to be involved in conidiogenesis and conidium maturation. deletion of f. graminearum weta did not alter mycelial growth, sexual development, or virulence, but the weta del ... | 2014 | 24186953 |
| involvement of the anucleate primary sterigmata protein fgapsb in vegetative differentiation, asexual development, nuclear migration, and virulence in fusarium graminearum. | the protein apsb has been shown to play critical roles in the migration and positioning of nuclei and in the development of conidiophores in aspergillus nidulans. the functions of apsb in fusarium graminearum, a causal agent of fusarium head blight in china, are largely unknown. in this study, we used the blastp program at the broad institute to identify fgapsb, an f. graminearum homolog of a. nidulansapsb. the functions of fgapsb were evaluated by constructing a deletion mutant of fgapsb, desig ... | 2013 | 24117691 |
| abaa regulates conidiogenesis in the ascomycete fungus fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum (teleomorph gibberella zeae) is a prominent pathogen that infects major cereal crops such as wheat, barley, and maize. both sexual (ascospores) and asexual (conidia) spores are produced in f. graminearum. since conidia are responsible for secondary infection in disease development, our objective of the present study was to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying conidiogenesis in f. graminearum based on the framework previously described in aspergillus nidulans. in this s ... | 2013 | 24039821 |
| functional roles of fglaea in controlling secondary metabolism, sexual development, and virulence in fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight in cereal crops, produces mycotoxins such as trichothecenes and zearalenone in infected plants. here, we focused on the function of fglaea in f. graminearum, a homolog of aspergillus nidulans laea encoding the global regulator for both secondary metabolism and sexual development. prior to gene analysis, we constructed a novel luciferase reporter system consisting of a transgenic f. graminearum strain expressing a firefly luciferase g ... | 2013 | 23874628 |
| fgvelb is associated with vegetative differentiation, secondary metabolism and virulence in fusarium graminearum. | the velvet complex containing vea, velb and laea has been showed to play critical roles in the regulation of secondary metabolism and diverse cellular processes in aspergillus spp. in this study, we identified fgvelb, a homolog of aspergillus nidulans velb, from fusarium graminearum using the blastp program. disruption of fgvelb gene led to several phenotypic defects, including suppression of aerial hyphae formation, reduced hyphal hydrophobicity and highly increased conidiation. the mutant show ... | 2012 | 22713714 |
| morphogenetic and developmental functions of the aspergillus nidulans homologues of the yeast bud site selection proteins bud4 and axl2. | the yeast bud site selection system represents a paradigm for understanding how fungal cells regulate the formation of a polarity axis. in saccharomyces cerevisiae, bud4 and axl2 are components of the axial bud site marker. to address the possibility that these proteins regulate cellular morphogenesis in filamentous fungi, we have characterized homologues of bud4 and axl2 in aspergillus nidulans. our results show that bud4 is involved in septum formation in both hyphae and developing conidiophor ... | 2012 | 22651396 |
| fungal quorum sensing molecules: role in fungal morphogenesis and pathogenicity. | when microorganisms live together in high numbers, they need to communicate with each other. to achieve cell-cell communication, microorganisms secrete molecules called quorum-sensing molecules (qsms) that control their biological activities and behaviors. fungi secrete qsms such as farnesol, tyrosol, phenylethanol, and tryptophol. the role of qsms in fungi has been widely studied in both yeasts and filamentous fungi, for example in candida albicans, c. dubliniensis, aspergillus niger, a. nidula ... | 2016 | 26972663 |
| indole alkaloids from chaetomium globosum. | two new indole alkaloids chaetocochin j (1) and chaetoglobinol a (8), along with chetomin (2), chetoseminudin a (3), cochliodinol (9), and semicochliodinol (10), were isolated from the rice culture of the fungus chaetomium globosum. their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. three new epipolythiodioxopiperazines, chaetocochins g-i (5-7), were identified by the combination of uplc and mass spectrometric analysis. chaetocochin i contained two sulfur bridges, one formed by three sulfur ... | 2015 | 26125976 |
| characterization of erythrose reductases from filamentous fungi. | proteins with putative erythrose reductase activity have been identified in the filamentous fungi trichoderma reesei, aspergillus niger, and fusarium graminearum by in silico analysis. the proteins found in t. reesei and a. niger had earlier been characterized as glycerol dehydrogenase and aldehyde reductase, respectively. corresponding genes from all three fungi were cloned, heterologously expressed in escherichia coli, and purified. subsequently, they were used to establish optimal enzyme assa ... | 2013 | 23924507 |
| in vitro study of the antifungal activity of essential oils obtained from mentha spicata, thymus vulgaris and laurus nobilis. | the aim of this study was to determine the antifungal activity of the essential oils isolated from three aromatic plants against 13 filamentous fungal strains. the major constituents of mentha spicata, thymus vulgaris, and laurus nobilis essential oils were carvone (52.2%), linalool (78.1%), and 1,8-cineole (45.6%), respectively. m. spicata essential oil exhibited the strongest activity against all tested fungi in which fusarium graminearum, f.moniliforme, and penicillium expansum were the most ... | 2016 | 27697030 |
| plant growth-promoting and antifungal activity of yeasts from dark chestnut soil. | 538 yeast strains were isolated from dark chestnut soil collected from under the plants of the legume family (fabaceae). the greatest number of microorganisms is found at soil depth 10-20 cm. among the 538 strains of yeast 77 (14.3%) strains demonstrated the ability to synthesize iaa. 15 strains were attributed to high iaa-producing yeasts (above 10 μg/ml). the most active strains were ya05 with 51.7 ± 2.1 μg/ml of iaa and yr07 with 45.3 ± 1.5 μg/ml. in the study of effect of incubation time on ... | 2015 | 25843007 |
| antagonist effects of bacillus spp. strains against fusarium graminearum for protection of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum). | bacillus species are attractive due to their potential use in the biological control of fungal diseases. bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain blb369, bacillus subtilis strain blb277, and paenibacillus polymyxa strain blb267 were isolated and identified using biochemical and molecular (16s rdna, gyra, and rpob) approaches. they could produce, respectively, (iturin and surfactin), (surfactin and fengycin), and (fusaricidin and polymyxin) exhibiting broad spectrum against several phytopathogenic fungi ... | 2016 | 27664733 |
| antagonistic mechanism of iturin a and plipastatin a from bacillus amyloliquefaciens s76-3 from wheat spikes against fusarium graminearum. | controlling toxigenic fusarium graminearum (fg) is challenging. a bacterial strain (s76-3, identified as bacillus amyloliquefaciens) that was isolated from diseased wheat spikes in the field displayed strong antifungal activity against fg. reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analyses revealed that s76-3 produced three classes of cyclic lipopeptides including iturin, plipastatin and surfactin. each class consisted of several different ... | 2015 | 25689464 |
| nutrient-induced spore germination of a bacillus amyloliquefaciens biocontrol agent on wheat spikes. | in this study, we investigated the feasibility of applying nutrient germinants to plant surfaces to stimulate the spore germination of the plant disease biocontrol agent bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain trigocor. | 2014 | 24641281 |
| biocontrol of fusarium graminearum growth and deoxynivalenol production in wheat kernels with bacterial antagonists. | fusarium graminearum is the main causal pathogen affecting small-grain cereals, and it produces deoxynivalenol, a kind of mycotoxin, which displays a wide range of toxic effects in human and animals. bacterial strains isolated from peanut shells were investigated for their activities against f. graminearum by dual-culture plate and tip-culture assays. among them, twenty strains exhibited potent inhibition to the growth of f. graminearum, and the inhibition rates ranged from 41.41% to 54.55% in d ... | 2014 | 24441510 |
| blue light (470 nm) effectively inhibits bacterial and fungal growth. | blue light (470 nm) led antimicrobial properties were studied alone against bacteria and with or without the food grade photosensitizer, erythrosine (ery) against filamentous fungi. leuconostoc mesenteroides (lm), bacillus atrophaeus (ba) or pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) aliquots were exposed on nutrient agar plates to array 1 (ar1, 0·2 mw cm(-2)) or array 2 (ar2, 80 mw cm(-2)), which emitted impure or pure blue light (0-300 j cm(-2)), respectively. inoculated control (room light only) plates were ... | 2012 | 23009190 |
| synthesis and evaluation of ester derivatives of 10-hydroxycanthin-6-one as potential antimicrobial agents. | as part of our continuing research on canthin-6-one antimicrobial agents, a new series of ester derivatives of 10-hydroxycanthin-6-one were synthesized using a simple and effective synthetic route. the structure of each compound was characterized by nmr, esi-ms, ft-ir, uv, and elemental analysis. the antimicrobial activity of these compounds against three phytopathogenic fungi (alternaria solani, fusarium graminearum, and fusarium solani) and four bacteria (bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, ra ... | 2016 | 27007362 |
| [diversity and antimicrobial activities of actinomycetes from pesticide-contaminated spots in shandong peninsula]. | in order to study diversity and find antimicrobial activities of actinomycetes from pesticide-contaminated spots in shandong peninsula. | 2012 | 22799208 |
| endophytic bacteria from wheat grain as biocontrol agents of fusarium graminearum and deoxynivalenol production in wheat. | in uruguay, fusarium graminearum is the most common species that infects wheat and is responsible for fusarium head blight (fhb) and contamination of grain with deoxynivalenol (don). the aim of this work was to select bacterial endophytes isolated from wheat grain to evaluate their antagonistic ability against f. graminearum and don production in vitro and under field conditions. four strains identified as bacillus megaterium (bm1) and bacillus subtilis (bs43, bsm0 y bsm2) significantly reduced ... | 2015 | 25956808 |
| bacillus velezensis rc 218 as a biocontrol agent to reduce fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation: genome sequencing and secondary metabolite cluster profiles. | bacillus subtilis rc 218 was originally isolated from wheat anthers as a potential antagonist of fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb). it was demonstrated to have antagonist activity against the plant pathogen under in vitro and greenhouse assays. the current study extends characterizing b. subtilis rc 218 with a field study and genome sequencing. the field study demonstrated that b. subtilis rc 218 could reduce disease severity and the associated mycotoxin (deoxy ... | 2016 | 27664721 |
| genetic variation and biological control of fusarium graminearum isolated from wheat in assiut-egypt. | fusarium graminearum schwabe causes fusarium head blight (fhb), a devastating disease that leads to extensive yield and quality loss of wheat and other cereal crops. twelve isolates of f. graminearum were collected from naturally infected spikes of wheat from assiut egypt. these isolates were compared using srap. the results indicated distinct genetic groups exist within f. graminearum, and demonstrated that these groups have different biological properties, especially with respect to their path ... | 2016 | 27147934 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus subtilis sg6 antagonistic against fusarium graminearum. | bacillus subtilis sg6 exhibited a high antifungal effect on the mycelium growth, sporulation and don production of f. graminearum and significantly reduced disease incidence, fusarium head blight (fhb) index and don in the field. here, we present the complete genome sequence of b. subtilis sg6, providing insights into the genomic basis of its effects and facilitating its application in fhb control. | 2015 | 25483317 |
| anticancer and antimicrobial activities and chemical composition of the birch mazegill mushroom lenzites betulina (higher basidiomycetes). | the anticancer properties, antibiotic activity, and chemical composition of lenzites betulina ethanol extract (ee) were evaluated. eight compounds including 5 sterols were isolated from l. betulina, and 7 compounds were isolated from l. betulina for the first time. the ee displayed strong anticancer activity against tumor cell line mda-mb-231, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 51.46 μg/ml, and there was 83.15% inhibition at a concentration of 200 μg/ml (mtt assay). the antimicrobia ... | 2014 | 25271861 |
| antagonistic action of bacillus subtilis strain sg6 on fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum causes fusarium head blight (fhb), a devastating disease that leads to extensive yield and quality loss of wheat and barley. bacteria isolated from wheat kernels and plant anthers were screened for antagonistic activity against f. graminearum. based on its in vitro effectiveness, strain sg6 was selected for characterization and identified as bacillus subtilis. b. subtilis sg6 exhibited a high antifungal effect on the mycelium growth, sporulation and don production of f. gram ... | 2014 | 24651513 |
| antimicrobial activity of a honeybee (apis cerana) venom kazal-type serine protease inhibitor. | insect-derived kazal-type serine protease inhibitors exhibit thrombin, elastase, plasmin, proteinase k, or subtilisin a inhibition activity, but so far, no functional roles for bee-derived kazal-type serine protease inhibitors have been identified. in this study, a bee (apis cerana) venom kazal-type serine protease inhibitor (acktspi) that acts as a microbial serine protease inhibitor was identified. acktspi contained a single kazal domain that displayed six conserved cysteine residues and a p1 ... | 2013 | 24076031 |
| isolation and characterization of new p-terphenyls with antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities from halophilic actinomycete nocardiopsis gilva yim 90087. | a new p-terphenyl 1 and a novel p-terphenyl derivative 3 bearing a benzothiazole moiety were isolated from halophilic actinomycete nocardiopsis gilva yim 90087, along with known p-terphenyl 2, antibiotic novobiocin 4, cyclodipeptides 5-13, and aromatic acids 14 and 15. their structures were elucidated on the basis of the interpretation of spectral data and by comparison of the corresponding data with those reported previously. the p-terphenyl 1 showed antifungal activity against the three pathog ... | 2013 | 23441911 |
| dual function of a bee (apis cerana) inhibitor cysteine knot peptide that acts as an antifungal peptide and insecticidal venom toxin. | inhibitor cysteine knot (ick) peptides exhibit ion channel blocking, insecticidal, and antimicrobial activities, but currently, no functional roles for bee-derived ick peptides have been identified. in this study, a bee (apis cerana) ick peptide (acick) that acts as an antifungal peptide and as an insecticidal venom toxin was identified. acick contains an ick fold that is expressed in the epidermis, fat body, or venom gland and is present as a 6.6-kda peptide in bee venom. recombinant acick pept ... | 2014 | 25106915 |
| identification of an attenuated barley stripe mosaic virus for the virus-induced gene silencing of pathogenesis-related wheat genes. | virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) has become an emerging technology for the rapid, efficient functional genomic screening of monocot and dicot species. the barley stripe mosaic virus (bsmv) has been described as an effective vigs vehicle for the evaluation of genes involved in wheat and barley phytopathogenesis; however, these studies have been obscured by bsmv-induced phenotypes and defense responses. the utility of bsmv vigs may be improved using a bsmv genetic background which is more toler ... | 2016 | 26839581 |
| involvement of the fusarium graminearum cerato-platanin proteins in fungal growth and plant infection. | the genome of fusarium graminearum, a necrotrophic fungal pathogen causing fusarium head blight (fhb) disease of wheat, barley and other cereal grains, contains five genes putatively encoding for proteins with a cerato-platanin domain. cerato-platanins are small secreted cysteine-rich proteins possibly localized in the fungal cell walls and also contributing to the virulence. two of these f. graminearum proteins (fgcpp1 and fgcpp2) belong to the class of snodprot proteins which exhibit phytotoxi ... | 2016 | 27744264 |
| fusaproliferin, terpestacin and their derivatives display variable allelopathic activity against some ascomycetous fungi. | herbivorous mammal dung supports a large variety of fimicolous fungi able to produce different bioactive secondary metabolites to compete with other organisms. recently, the organic extracts of the solid state fermentation (ssf) cultures of cleistothelebolus nipigonensis and neogymnomyces virgineus, showing strong antifungal activity, were preliminarily investigated. this manuscript reports the isolation of the main metabolites identified, using spectroscopic and optical methods, as fusaprolifer ... | 2016 | 27448697 |
| microwave-assisted synthesis and antifungal activity of novel coumarin derivatives: pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-2,5-diones. | a series of novel fused coumarin analogues pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-2,5-diones have been synthesized through an optimized microwave-assisted protocol. all target compounds were tested and evaluated for their antifungal activity against botrytis cinerea, colletotrichum copsica, alternaria solani, gibberella zeae and rhizoctorzia solani. the bioassay results indicated that some of the compounds exhibited potent antifungal activities at concentration less than 50 ppm. for the compounds 5d, 6c and 7b, ... | 2016 | 27060759 |
| synthesis, characterization, and antifungal activity of phenylpyrrole-substituted tetramic acids bearing carbonates. | for the aim of discovering new fungicide, a series of phenylpyrrole-substituted tetramic acid derivatives bearing carbonates 6a-q were designed and synthesized via 4-(2,4-dioxopyrrolidin-3-ylidene)-4-(phenylamino)butanoic acids 4a-k and the cyclized products 1',3,4,5'-tetrahydro-[2,3'-bipyrrolylidene]-2',4',5(1h)-triones 5a-k. the compounds were characterized using ir, ¹h- and (13)c-nmr spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (ei-ms), and elemental analysis. the structure of 6b was confirmed by x-ray di ... | 2016 | 27007370 |
| microwave-assisted synthesis and antifungal activity of coumarin[8,7-e][1,3]oxazine derivatives. | the synthesis of novel coumarin[8,7-e][1,3]oxazine derivatives through a microwave-assisted three-component one-pot mannich reaction is described in this study. all the target compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antifungal activity against botrytis cinerea, colletotrichum capsici, alternaria solani, gibberella zeae, rhizoctonia solani, and alternaria mali. the preliminary bioassays showed that 5e, 5m, and 5s exhibited good antifungal activity and the most active compound was 5m with an [ ... | 2016 | 26880591 |
| the piriformospora indica effector piin_08944 promotes the mutualistic sebacinalean symbiosis. | pathogenic and mutualistic microbes actively suppress plant defense by secreting effector proteins to manipulate the host responses for their own benefit. current knowledge about fungal effectors has been mainly derived from biotrophic and hemibiotrophic plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes with restricted host range. we studied colonization strategies of the root endophytic basidiomycete piriformospora indica that colonizes a wide range of plant species thereby establishing long-term mutualisti ... | 2015 | 26579156 |
| the abc transporter abcg29 is involved in h2o2 tolerance and biocontrol traits in the fungus clonostachys rosea. | for successful biocontrol interactions, biological control organisms must tolerate toxic metabolites produced by themselves or plant pathogens during mycoparasitic/antagonistic interactions, by host plant during colonization of the plant, and xenobiotics present in the environment. atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters can play a significant role in tolerance of toxic compounds by mediating active transport across the cellular membrane. this paper reports on functional characterization of an a ... | 2016 | 26520102 |
| the shewanella algae strain ym8 produces volatiles with strong inhibition activity against aspergillus pathogens and aflatoxins. | aflatoxigenic aspergillus fungi and associated aflatoxins are ubiquitous in the production and storage of food/feed commodities. controlling these microbes is a challenge. in this study, the shewanella algae strain ym8 was found to produce volatiles that have strong antifungal activity against aspergillus pathogens. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling revealed 15 volatile organic compounds (vocs) emitted from ym8, of which dimethyl trisulfide was the most abundant. we obtained authent ... | 2015 | 26500631 |
| synthesis of heterocycle-attached methylidenebenzenesulfonohydrazones as antifungal agents. | a series of heterocycle-attached methylidenebenzenesulfonohydrazone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activities against seven phytopathogenic fungi such as fusarium graminearum, alternaria solani, valsa mali, phytophthora capsici, fusarium solani, botrytis cinerea, and glomerella cingulata. compounds 7b, 8d, 9a, 9b and 9d exhibited a good and broad-spectrum of antifungal activities against at least five phytopathogenic fungi at the concentration of 100 μg/ml. it de ... | 2015 | 26471091 |
| synthesis and antifungal activity evaluation of new heterocycle containing amide derivatives. | a series of heterocycle containing amide derivatives (1-28) were synthesised by the combination of acyl chlorides (1a, 2a) and heterocyclic/homocyclic ring containing amines, and their in vitro antifungal activity was evaluated against five plant pathogenic fungi, namely gibberella zeae, helminthosporium maydis, rhizoctonia solani, botrytis cinerea and sclerotinia sclerotiorum. results of antifungal activity analysis indicated that some of the products showed good to excellent antifungal activit ... | 2016 | 26140452 |
| naturally produced citral can significantly inhibit normal physiology and induce cytotoxicity on magnaporthe grisea. | given the importance of finding alternatives to synthetic fungicides, the antifungal effects of natural product citral on six plant pathogenic fungi (magnaporthe grisea, gibberella zeae, fusarium oxysporum, valsa mali, botrytis cinerea, and rhizoctonia solani) were determined. mycelial growth rate results showed that citral possessed high antifungal activities on those test fungi with ec50 values ranging from 39.52 to 193.00 µg/ml, which had the highest inhibition rates against m. grisea. furthe ... | 2015 | 25752425 |
| synthesis and antifungal activity of chalcone derivatives. | in the present study, using chalcone as a lead compound, a series of its derivatives (compounds 1-30) were designed and synthesised. their activity of anti-pathogenic fungi of plants has been evaluated. it is found that these compounds have good antifungal activity against sclerotinia sclerotiorum, helminthosprium maydis, botrytis cinerea, rhizoctonia solani and gibberella zeae. among them, the inhibition of growth for compound 30 against s. sclerotiorum showed 89.9%, with the median effective c ... | 2015 | 25675372 |
| aracins, brassicaceae-specific peptides exhibiting antifungal activities against necrotrophic pathogens in arabidopsis. | plants have developed a variety of mechanisms to cope with abiotic and biotic stresses. in a previous subcellular localization study of hydrogen peroxide-responsive proteins, two peptides with an unknown function (designated aracin1 and aracin2) have been identified. these peptides are structurally very similar but are transcriptionally differentially regulated during abiotic stresses during botrytis cinerea infection or after benzothiadiazole and methyl jasmonate treatments. in arabidopsis (ara ... | 2015 | 25593351 |
| enantioselective bioactivity, acute toxicity and dissipation in vegetables of the chiral triazole fungicide flutriafol. | the enantioselective bioactivity, acute toxicity and stereoselective degradation of the chiral triazole fungicide flutriafol in vegetables were investigated for the first time using the (r)-, (s)- and rac-flutriafol. the order of the bioactivity against five target pathogens (rhizoctonia solani, alternaria solani, pyricularia grisea, gibberella zeae, botrytis cinerea) was found to be (r)-flutriafol>rac-flutriafol>(s)-flutriafol. the fungicidal activity of (r)-flutriafol was 1.49-6.23 times highe ... | 2015 | 25463219 |
| design, synthesis and fungicidal activities of some novel pyrazole derivatives. | in order to discover new compounds with good fungicidal activities, 32 pyrazole derivatives were designed and synthesized. the structures of the target compounds were confirmed by 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (hr-esi-ms), and their fungicidal activities against botrytis cinerea, rhizoctonia solani kuhn, valsa mali miyabe et yamada, thanatephorus cucumeris (frank) donk, fusarium oxysporum (s-chl) f.sp. cucumerinum owen, and fusarium graminearum sc ... | 2014 | 25203055 |
| effects of acivicin on growth, mycotoxin production and virulence of phytopathogenic fungi. | acivicin is an inhibitor of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and glutamine amidotransferase. when grown on a synthetic minimal agar medium, acivicin strongly inhibited the growth of magnaporthe oryzae and alternaria brassicicola, and to a lesser extent, botrytis cinerea. however, only partial or marginal growth inhibition was observed with regard to fusarium sporotrichioides and fusarium graminearum. the growth retardation caused by acivicin was significantly alleviated by cultivating the fungus on a n ... | 2014 | 24863673 |
| hydrophobins are required for conidial hydrophobicity and plant root colonization in the fungal biocontrol agent clonostachys rosea. | filamentous fungi produce small cysteine rich surface active amphiphilic hydrophobins on the outer surface of cell walls that mediate interactions between the fungus and the environment. the role of hydrophobins in surface hydrophobicity, sporulation, fruit body formation, recognition and adhesion to host surface and virulence have been reported. the aim of the present study was to characterize the biological function of hydrophobins in the fungal biocontrol agent clonostachys rosea in order to ... | 2014 | 24483277 |
| arabidopsis golden2-like (glk) transcription factors activate jasmonic acid (ja)-dependent disease susceptibility to the biotrophic pathogen hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, as well as ja-independent plant immunity against the necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea. | arabidopsis thaliana golden2-like (glk1 and 2) transcription factors regulate chloroplast development in a redundant manner. overexpression of atglk1 (35s:atglk1) in arabidopsis also confers resistance to the cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum. to further elucidate the role of glk transcription factors in plant defence, the arabidopsis glk1 glk2 double-mutant and 35s:atglk1 plants were challenged with the virulent oomycete pathogen hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (hpa) noco2. compared with col- ... | 2014 | 24393452 |
| [antimicrobial activities of ant ponericin w1 against plant pathogens in vitro and the disease resistance in its transgenic arabidopsis]. | the antimicrobial peptides (amps) exhibit a broad antimicrobial spectrum. the application of amps from non-plant organisms attracts considerable attention in plant disease resistance engineering. ponericin w1, isolated from the venom of ant (pachycondyla goeldii), shows antimicrobial activities against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and the budding yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae); however, it is not clear whether ponericin w1 is effective against plant pathogens. the results of ... | 2013 | 23956091 |
| functional analysis of the β2 -tubulin gene of fusarium graminearum and the β-tubulin gene of botrytis cinerea by homologous replacement. | resistance to carbendazim and other benzimidazole fungicides in botrytis cinerea and most other fungi is usually conferred by one or several allelic mutations in the β-tubulin. carbendazim resistance in fusarium graminearum, however, differs from that in b. cinerea and other fungi in that f. graminearum has two β-tubulins (fgtub1 and fgtub2) rather than one, and the resistance is conferred by mutations in the β2 -tubulin. in a previous study, the β1 -tubulin of f. graminearum (fgtub1) was replac ... | 2013 | 23529820 |
| a fusarium graminearum xylanase expressed during wheat infection is a necrotizing factor but is not essential for virulence. | fusarium graminearum is the fungal pathogen mainly responsible for fusarium head blight (fhb) of cereal crops, which attacks wheat spikes, reducing crop production and quality of grain by producing trichothecene mycotoxins. several cytohistological studies showed that spike infection is associated with the production of cell wall degrading enzymes. wheat tissue, as in other commelinoid monocot plants, is particularly rich in xylan which can be hydrolyzed by fungal endo-1,4-β-xylanase. the fg_036 ... | 2013 | 23337356 |
| synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel pimprinine analogues. | a simple and efficient synthetic protocol for 5-(3-indolyl)-oxazoles has been developed and further used to synthesize a series of novel analogues of natural product pimprinine. all new compounds were identified by (1)h nmr, high resolution mass spectrometry, and the structures of 10 and 18o were further confirmed by x-ray crystallographic diffraction analysis. bioassay conducted at syngenta showed that several of the synthesized compounds exhibited fungicidal activity. compounds 10, 17, 18 h, 1 ... | 2012 | 22560632 |
| the top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. | the aim of this review was to survey all fungal pathologists with an association with the journal molecular plant pathology and ask them to nominate which fungal pathogens they would place in a 'top 10' based on scientific/economic importance. the survey generated 495 votes from the international community, and resulted in the generation of a top 10 fungal plant pathogen list for molecular plant pathology. the top 10 list includes, in rank order, (1) magnaporthe oryzae; (2) botrytis cinerea; (3) ... | 2012 | 22471698 |
| prp8 inteins in species of the genus botrytis and other ascomycetes. | the mobile elements termed inteins have a sporadic distribution in microorganisms. it is unclear how these elements are maintained. inteins are intervening protein sequences that autocatalytically excise themselves from a precursor. excision is a post-translational process referred to as 'protein splicing' in which the sequences flanking the intein are ligated, reforming the mature host protein. some inteins contain a homing endonuclease domain (heg) that is proposed to facilitate propagation of ... | 2012 | 22285471 |
| black perithecial pigmentation in fusarium species is due to the accumulation of 5-deoxybostrycoidin-based melanin. | biosynthesis of the black perithecial pigment in the filamentous fungus fusarium graminearum is dependent on the polyketide synthase pgl1 (opks3). a seven-membered pgl1 gene cluster was identified by over-expression of the cluster specific transcription factor pglr. targeted gene replacement showed that pgl1, pglj, pglm and pglv were essential for the production of the perithecial pigment. over-expression of pgl1 resulted in the production of 6-o-demethyl-5-deoxybostrycoidin (1), 5-deoxybostryco ... | 2016 | 27193384 |
| antifungal saponins from the maya medicinal plant cestrum schlechtendahlii g. don (solanaceae). | bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract (80% etoh) of the leaves of cestrum schlechtendahlii, a plant used by q'eqchi' maya healers for treatment of athlete's foot, resulted in the isolation and identification of two spirostanol saponins (1 and 2). structure elucidation by ms, 1d-nmr, and 2d-nmr spectroscopic methods identified them to be the known saponin (25r)-1β,2α-dihydroxy-5α-spirostan-3-β-yl-o-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-galactopyranoside (1) and new saponin (25r)-1β,2α-dihy ... | 2016 | 26666462 |
| extraction, identification and antimicrobial activity of a new furanone, grifolaone a, from grifola frondosa. | a furanone (1), (s)-methyl 2-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)acetate, was isolated from the edible mushroom grifola frondosa. mass spectrometry and nmr analyses were used to elucidate the structure of this compound, and its absolute configuration was determined using circular dichroism spectroscopy. compound 1 exhibited specific antifungal activity against the plant pathogens, fusarium oxysporum, gibberella zeae and piricularia oryzae and the opportunistic human pathogen, pse ... | 2016 | 26374926 |
| distinct cell cycle regulation during saprophytic and pathogenic growth in fungal pathogens. | in a number of dimorphic and hemibiotrophic pathogens, cell cycle regulation has been shown to be important for morphological changes related to infectious growth or infection-related morphogenesis. however, the role of mitotic cdk kinase cdc2, the key regulator of cell cycle, in pathogenic growth is not clear, because most fungal pathogens have a single cdc2 gene that is essential for cell cycle progression and viability. interestingly, the wheat scab fungus fusarium graminearum has two cdc2 ge ... | 2016 | 26337287 |
| two new cyclopeptides from the co-culture broth of two marine mangrove fungi and their antifungal activity. | the strategy that co-cultivation two microorganisms in a single confined environment were recently developed to generate new active natural products. in the study, two new cyclic tetrapeptides, cyclo (d-pro-l-tyr-l-pro-l-tyr) (1) and cyclo (gly-l-phe-l-pro-l-tyr) (2) were isolated from the co-culture broth of two mangrove fungi phomopsis sp. k38 and alternaria sp. e33. their antifungal activity against candida albicans, gaeumannomyces graminis, rhzioctonia cerealis, helminthosporium sativum and ... | 2014 | 25422539 |
| shared and distinct functions of two gti1/pac2 family proteins in growth, morphogenesis and pathogenicity of magnaporthe oryzae. | gti1/pac2 are conserved family proteins that regulate morphogenic transition in yeasts such as schizosaccharomyces pombe and candida albicans, and they also control toxin production and pathogenicity in filamentous fungus fusarium graminearum. to test the functions of gti1/pac2 paralogues mogti1 and mopac2 in the rice blast fungus magnaporthe oryzae, we generated respective δmogti1 and δmopac2 mutant strains. we found that mogti1 and mopac2 exhibit shared and distinct roles in hyphal growth, con ... | 2014 | 23895552 |
| the wor1-like protein fgp1 regulates pathogenicity, toxin synthesis and reproduction in the phytopathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum. | wor1 is a gene for a conserved fungal regulatory protein controlling the dimorphic switch and pathogenicity determents in candida albicans and its ortholog in the plant pathogen fusarium oxysporum, called sge1, is required for pathogenicity and expression of key plant effector proteins. f. graminearum, an important pathogen of cereals, is not known to employ switching and no effector proteins from f. graminearum have been found to date that are required for infection. in this study, the potentia ... | 2012 | 22693448 |
| antifungal screening of endophytic fungi from ginkgo biloba for discovery of potent anti-phytopathogenic fungicides. | many endophytic fungi have been found to synthesize bioactive compounds to defend host plants against pathogenic organisms. here we performed anti-fungal bioassay of 80 endophytic fungi isolated from ginkgo biloba. fifteen endophytes were active against at least one of the selected fungi, fusarium graminearum, sclerotinia sclerotiorum and phytophthora capsici, using the agar diffusion method. the most bioactive strain cdw7 was identified as chaetomium globosum by microscopic examination and its ... | 2013 | 23240805 |
| the potential of antagonistic fungi for control of fusarium graminearum and fusarium crookwellense varies depending on the experimental approach. | to investigate the potential of fungal antagonists to control fusarium head blight (fhb) causing pathogens (fusarium graminearum and f. crookwellense) with two different experimental approaches. | 2015 | 25692943 |
| zearalenone detoxification by zearalenone hydrolase is important for the antagonistic ability of clonostachys rosea against mycotoxigenic fusarium graminearum. | the fungus clonostachys rosea is antagonistic against plant pathogens, including fusarium graminearum, which produces the oestrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (zea). zea inhibits other fungi, and c. rosea can detoxify zea through the enzyme zearalenone lactonohydrolase (zhd101). as the relevance of zea detoxification for biocontrol is unknown, we studied regulation and function of zhd101 in c. rosea. quantitative reverse-transcription pcr revealed zhd101 gene expression in all conditions studied an ... | 2014 | 24742831 |
| synthesis, characterization and antifungal efficacy of c-coordinated o-carboxymethyl chitosan cu(ii) complexes. | a novel type of o-carboxymethyl chitosan schiff bases (o-cspx) was synthesized via a condensation reaction. after the coordination reaction of cupric ions, cu(ii) complexes (o-cspx-cu) were achieved. the theoretical structure of o-cspx-cu calculated by gaussian 09 reveals that the copper ions underwent dsp(2) hybridization, coordinated by the carbon atom in the p-π conjugate group and the oxygen atoms in the acetate ion. then, the structures were confirmed by ft-ir, (1)h nmr, cp-mas (13)c nmr, e ... | 2017 | 28115106 |
| correction: comparative analysis of fungal genomes reveals different plant cell wall degrading capacity in fungi. | the version of this article published in bmc genomics 2013, 14: 274, contains 9 unpublished genomes (botryobasidium botryosum, gymnopus luxurians, hypholoma sublateritium, jaapia argillacea, hebeloma cylindrosporum, conidiobolus coronatus, laccaria amethystina, paxillus involutus, and p. rubicundulus) downloaded from jgi website. in this correction, we removed these genomes after discussion with editors and data producers whom we should have contacted before downloading these genomes. removing t ... | 2014 | 24422981 |
| transcriptome-based discovery of fusarium graminearum stress responses to fghv1 infection. | fusarium graminearum hypovirus 1 (fghv1), which is phylogenetically related to cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (chv1), is a virus in the family hypoviridae that infects the plant pathogenic fungus f. graminearum. although hypovirus fghv1 infection does not attenuate the virulence of the host (hypovirulence), it results in defects in mycelial growth and spore production. we now report that the vertical transmission rate of fghv1 through asexual spores reached 100%. using rna deep sequencing, we perform ... | 2016 | 27869679 |