| outcome in critically ill patients with candidal fungaemia: candida albicans vs. candida glabrata. | in a retrospective study (1 january 1992-12 december 1998), we investigated population characteristics and outcome in critically ill patients with fungaemia involving c. albicans (n=41) and c. glabrata (n=15). patients with c. glabrata fungaemia were significantly older compared with patients in the c. albicans group (p=0.024). there were no other differences in population characteristics or severity of illness. logistic regression analysis showed age (p=0.021), the presence of a polymicrobial b ... | 2001 | 11289775 |
| [antifungal susceptibility testing in chronically recurrent vaginal candidosis as basis for effective therapy]. | the chronically recidivist vulvo-vaginal candidiasis is one of the most stubborn problematic diagnosis in the dermatology and gynaecology ward. prognosis and therapy are primarily determined by the causative micro-organism and the interaction of the fungal species with the currently available antifungal agents. objective of the study was the investigation of vaginal yeast isolates from patients with chronically recidivist vaginal candidiasis against 8 antifungal agents with the aim of optimising ... | 2000 | 11291577 |
| [results of the first dermatomycoses quality control study in germany]. | for the first time in the history of german mycology, a multicenter study for identification of dermatophytes, yeasts and molds was conducted under the auspices of the german speaking mycological society and the german dermatological society. a total of 1,008 dermatological offices and dermatology hospitals as well as 106 institutes of microbiology participated in this voluntary quality control trial. they were requested to identify four pathogens: trichophyton tonsurans, trichophyton mentagroph ... | 2000 | 11291580 |
| fluconazole-induced torsade de pointes. | to present a case of fluconazole-associated torsade de pointes (tdp) and discuss fluconazole's role in causing tdp. | 2001 | 11302406 |
| anticandida activity is retained in p-113, a 12-amino-acid fragment of histatin 5. | through the analysis of a series of 25 peptides composed of various portions of the histatin 5 sequence, we have identified p-113, a 12-amino-acid fragment of histatin 5, as the smallest fragment that retains anticandidal activity comparable to that of the parent compound. amidation of the p-113 c terminus increased the anticandidal activity of p-113 approximately twofold. the three histidine residues could be exchanged for three hydrophobic residues, with the fragment retaining anticandidal act ... | 2001 | 11302797 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of kp-103, a novel triazole derivative, and its therapeutic efficacy against experimental plantar tinea pedis and cutaneous candidiasis in guinea pigs. | the in vitro activity of kp-103, a novel triazole derivative, against pathogenic fungi that cause dermatomycoses and its therapeutic efficacy against plantar tinea pedis and cutaneous candidiasis in guinea pigs were investigated. mics were determined by a broth microdilution method with morpholinepropanesulfonic acid-buffered rpmi 1640 medium for candida species and with sabouraud dextrose broth for dermatophytes and by an agar dilution method with medium c for malassezia furfur. kp-103 was the ... | 2001 | 11302816 |
| characterization of polar lipids of oral isolates of candida, pichia and saccharomyces by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (fab ms). | to characterize fatty acid and phospholipid analogue profiles of oral yeasts. | 2001 | 11309082 |
| trends in frequency and susceptibilities of candida glabrata bloodstream isolates at a university hospital. | the frequency of isolation and antifungal susceptibility patterns to fluconazole and itraconazole were determined for 166 candida glabrata isolates causing bloodstream infection at a single institution from 1995-2000. findings demonstrated a trend of increasing resistance to itraconazole among the isolates, but no trend in resistance to fluconazole. the frequency of c. glabrata isolates among all blood culture isolates of candida spp. causing bloodstream infection remained stable during the stud ... | 2001 | 11337190 |
| identification of yeasts from clinical specimens by oxidase test. | a total of 100 yeasts and yeast like fungi isolates from clinical specimens were negative for oxidase production on sabouraud dextrose agar. when grown on columbia agar, chocolate agar, tryptose agar, mueller-hinton agar, brain heart infusion and a medium resembling sabouraud's dextrose agar but with starch instead of dextrose, all the isolate of candida albicans (55), c. guilliermondii (6), c. parapsilosis (14), c. tropicalis (6), c. pseudotropicalis (6) and crytococcus neoformans (2) were posi ... | 2000 | 11344606 |
| azasordarins: susceptibility of fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of candida spp. to gw 471558. | the in vitro activity of the azasordarin gw 471558 was compared with those of amphotericin b, flucytosine, itraconazole, and ketoconazole against 177 clinical isolates of candida spp. gw 471558 showed potent activity against candida albicans, candida glabrata, and candida tropicalis, even against isolates with decreased susceptibility to azoles. candida krusei, candida parapsilosis, candida lusitaniae, and candida guilliermondii are resistant to gw 471558 in vitro (mics, >128 microg/ml). | 2001 | 11353650 |
| [candida glabrata perinephric abscess. a case report]. | we report a case of candida glabrata perinephric abscess in a patient with diabetes mellitus who recently underwent ureteropelvic surgery for lithiasic urinary tract obstruction. surgical drainage and amphotericin b treatment led to resolution of the infection. c. glabrata urinary infection has become more prevalent over the last decade in immunocompromised patients. drainage is indicated for development of a fungal abscess in the perinephric area. most authors recommend administration of an ant ... | 2001 | 11357050 |
| the utility of serology in diagnosing candidosis in non-neutropenic critically ill patients. | this study was carried out to evaluate the utility of serological tests in the diagnosis of candidal infections in non-neutropenic critically ill patients. a prospective study was carried out in a 10-bed general intensive care unit; all patients with at least one organic sample with candida spp. were included. a therapeutic-diagnostic algorithm was designed, and patients were treated or not, according to a classification. blood samples were taken, and serological tests included: antigenaemia det ... | 2001 | 11398640 |
| in vitro candidacidal effect of polymorphonuclear neutrophils of behçet's patients with or without ocular involvement. | in this study our objective was to evaluate the in vitro candidacidal effect of polymorphonuclear neutrophils of behçet's patients with or without ocular involvement (inactive phase). fifteen patients with ocular involvement and 15 patients without ocular involvement were studied. candidacidal assay was performed to assess the in vitro killing of candida species by the polymorphonuclear neutrophils of both the study and control groups. in brief, peripheral venous polymorphonuclear neutrophils of ... | 2001 | 11398991 |
| flucytosine primary resistance in candida species and cryptococcus neoformans. | the in vitro activity of flucytosine (5fc) against 1,140 clinical isolates of candida spp. and cryptococcus neoformans was evaluated and compared with the activity of amphotericin b, fluconazole and itraconazole. overall, 87.72% (1,000/1,140) of yeasts were susceptible to 5fc. this agent showed less potent in vitro activity against candida glabrata, candida krusei, candida guilliermondii and cryptococcus neoformans (mic90s, 8-16 microg/ml) and intermediate activity or resistance to 6.5% of candi ... | 2001 | 11399020 |
| the candida glabrata amt1 copper-sensing transcription factor requires swi/snf and gcn5 at a critical step in copper detoxification. | the yeast candida glabrata rapidly autoactivates transcription of the amt1 gene in response to potentially toxic copper levels through the copper-inducible binding of the amt1 transcription factor to a metal response element (mre) within a positioned nucleosome. our previous studies have characterized the role of a 16 bp homopolymeric da:dt dna structural element in facilitating rapid amt1 access to the amt1 promoter nucleosomal mre. in this study, we have used the genetically more facile yeast ... | 2001 | 11401720 |
| combined topical flucytosine and amphotericin b for refractory vaginal candida glabrata infections. | patients with vaginitis due to highly azole resistant candida glabrata can be particularly difficult to treat. we describe three cases of longstanding vaginal candidiasis due to c glabrata. these had failed to respond to local and systemic antifungals. flucytosine (1 g) and amphotericin b (100 mg) formulated in lubricating jelly base in a total 8 g delivered dose, was used per vagina once daily for 14 days with significant improvement, both clinically and microbiologically. | 2001 | 11402233 |
| identification of two different 14-alpha sterol demethylase-related genes (cyp51a and cyp51b) in aspergillus fumigatus and other aspergillus species. | two cyp51-related genes (cyp51a and cyp51b) encoding 14-alpha sterol demethylase-like enzymes were identified in the opportunistic human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. pcr amplification using degenerate oligonucleotides based on conserved areas of cytochrome p450 demethylases of other filamentous fungi and yeasts allowed the cloning and sequencing of two different homologue genes in a. fumigatus. southern analysis confirmed that both genes hybridized to distinct genomic loci and that both are r ... | 2001 | 11427550 |
| novel fluorescent broth microdilution method for fluconazole susceptibility testing of candida albicans. | a comparative evaluation of the reference national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) broth microdilution method with a novel fluorescent carboxyfluorescein diacetate (cfda)-modified microdilution method for the susceptibility testing of fluconazole was conducted with 68 candida strains, including 53 candida albicans, 5 candida tropicalis, 5 candida glabrata, and 5 candida parapsilosis strains. we found trailing endpoints and discordant fluconazole mics of < 8 microg/ml at 24 h ... | 2001 | 11427602 |
| multifunctional centromere binding factor 1 is essential for chromosome segregation in the human pathogenic yeast candida glabrata. | the cbf1 (centromere binding factor 1) gene of candida glabrata was cloned by functional complementation of the methionine biosynthesis defect of a saccharomyces cerevisiae cbf1 deletion mutant. the c. glabrata-coded protein, cgcbf1, contains a basic-helix-loop-helix leucine zipper domain and has features similar to those of other budding yeast cbf1 proteins. cgcbf1p binds in vitro to the centromere dna element i (cdei) sequence gtcacatg with high affinity (0.9 x 10(9) m(-1)). bandshift experime ... | 2001 | 11438645 |
| antifungal activity of histatin-5 against non-albicans candida species. | fungicidal effects of histatin-5 against 26 oral isolates belonging to 5 non-albicans candida species were examined. fifty microm of histatin-5 killed more than 95% of candida tropicalis and candida guilliermondii isolates and more than 90% of candida parapsilosis and candida krusei. however, candida glabrata was less sensitive to the peptide (mean 62.9%). our results, taken together, demonstrated that histatin-5 possessed the fungicidal activity against candida species other than c. glabrata. | 2001 | 11442851 |
| comparison of pathogenesis and host immune responses to candida glabrata and candida albicans in systemically infected immunocompetent mice. | cytokine-mediated host defense against candida glabrata infection was compared to that against c. albicans, using immunocompetent murine models of systemic candidiasis. the pathogenesis of infection was evaluated morphologically and by culture of target organs, while the kinetics of induction of cytokine mrnas and corresponding proteins were determined in kidneys by real-time reverse transcription-pcr and cytokine-specific murine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. systemic infecti ... | 2001 | 11447185 |
| vertebral osteomyelitis due to candida species: case report and literature review. | candida species uncommonly cause vertebral osteomyelitis. we present a case of lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis caused by candida albicans and review 59 cases of candidal vertebral osteomyelitis reported in the literature. the mean age was 50 years, and the lower thoracic or lumbar spine was involved in 95% of patients. eighty-three percent of patients had back pain for >1 month, 32% presented with fever, and 19% had neurological deficits. the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in 87% of ... | 2001 | 11462190 |
| [pancreatic pseudocyst, torulopsis glabrata primary infection. report of a case]. | t. glabrata is a saprophyte fungus that has been considered in the past years to be a pathologic agent in the pancreatic pseudocyst. only three cases have been reported in the world literature. | 2000 | 11464606 |
| in vitro antifungal activities of voriconazole and reference agents as determined by nccls methods: review of the literature. | voriconazole (vfendtm) is a new triazole that currently is undergoing phase iii clinical trials. this review summarizes the published data obtained by nccls methods on the in vitro antifungal activity of voriconazole in comparison to itraconazole, amphotericin b, fluconazole, ketoconazole and flucytosine. voriconazole had fungistatic activity against most yeasts and yeastlike species (minimum inhibitory concentrations [mics] < 2 microg/ml) that was similar or superior to those of fluconazole, am ... | 2001 | 11469757 |
| mechanisms of the inhibition of epithelial na(+) channels by cftr and purinergic stimulation. | the epithelial na+ channel enac is inhibited when the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) coexpressed in the same cell is activated by the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp)-dependent pathway. regulation of enac by cftr has been studied in detail in epithelial tissues from intestine and trachea and is also detected in renal cells. in the kidney, regulation of other membrane conductances might be the predominant function of cftr. a similar inhibition of enac takes place ... | 2001 | 11473626 |
| evaluation of bactec myco/f lytic medium for recovery of mycobacteria, fungi, and bacteria from blood. | myco/f lytic medium (mfl), a liquid medium developed for use with the bactec 9240 blood culture system, was compared to the isolator system (is) for the recovery of fungi and to the bactec 13a medium for the recovery of mycobacteria. recovery of bacteria was compared to routine bactec plus aerobic/f (af) blood cultures. microbial growth was detected in 203 (17%) of 1,166 blood cultures. fifty-seven specimens were positive for fungi: 35 were positive with both is and mfl; six were positive with i ... | 2001 | 11474016 |
| treatment of experimental candidosis with amphotericin b-intralipid admixtures in immunocompromised mice. | the main goal of this research was the evaluation of the efficacy of amphotericin b (amb) in comparison with amb-intralipid (amb-il) admixtures in cyclophosphamide (cy)-compromised animals for the treatment of systemic candidosis induced by several pathogenic candida spp. four-week-old icr female mice were inoculated ip with 200 mg/kg of cy. at day 4 post-cy treatment the animals were inoculated iv with candida albicans, candida glabrata or candida tropicalis (different inocula for the different ... | 2001 | 11481296 |
| severe vulvovaginitis associated with intravaginal nystatin therapy. | a 64-year-old woman had severe vulvovaginitis develop while she was receiving intravaginal nystatin therapy for candida glabrata infection. mucocutaneous adverse effects have rarely been reported with nystatin despite long years of use. this complication should be included in the differential diagnosis of clinical failure of intravaginal nystatin therapy. | 2001 | 11483943 |
| faecal fungal flora in healthy volunteers and inpatients. | the faecal fungal flora was analysed in healthy volunteers and inpatients. self-obtained stool swabs from volunteers (n = 228) and inpatient stool-samples (n = 34) were cultured on inhibitory-mould-agar plates. all yeast isolates were identified. fungi were detected in 51.8% of volunteers; the majority (88.1%) had single species. the prevalence increased steadily with age. candida albicans was detected in 62.7%, non-albicans candida species in 22.0%, yeasts--other than candida in 20.3% and mould ... | 2001 | 11486452 |
| a gas-like gene family in the pathogenic fungus candida glabrata. | in fungi, the cell wall plays a major role in host-pathogen interactions. despite this, little is known about the molecular basis of cell wall assembly in candida glabrata, which has emerged as the second most common cause of systemic candidosis. a c. glabrata gene family, cggas1-3, that shares significant homologies with both the gas1 gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is necessary for cell wall assembly, and the ph-regulated genes phr1 and phr2 of candida albicans, which are involved in c ... | 2001 | 11495979 |
| antifungal resistance in non- albicans candida species. | non- candida albicans species have emerged as important bloodstream pathogens. they tend to have decreased susceptibility to antifungal agents in vitro and cause infections associated with high morbidity and mortality. fluconazole resistance can emerge in any candida spp., but is most commonly seen with candida krusei, for which resistance is universal, and with candida glabrata. amphotericin b resistance has also been increasingly reported, most notably in isolates of candida lusitaniae and can ... | 1999 | 11504464 |
| non candida albicans fungal peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. | we report four episodes of non candida albicans peritonitis (ncap) in 3 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd). risk factors for ncap included diabetes mellitus and prior antibiotic use in half of the cases. the antibiotic treatment was prescribed for exit-site infection (esi) or peritonitis in the patient. treatment for ncap included antifungal therapy with oral fluconazole or intravenous amphotericin b. the ncap resulted in catheter loss in 100% of the patients over time. ... | 2001 | 11510270 |
| rate of transmission and endogenous origin of candida albicans and candida glabrata on adult intensive care units studied by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. | we determined the relative roles of endogenous origin and patient-to-patient transmission in candida colonization of patients on adult intensive care units (icu). a total of 48 candida albicans and 18 candida glabrata strains from various clinical samples of 28 long-term patients, hospitalized in two neurological icus between april and june 1999, were typed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge). three patients were co-colonized by both c. albicans and c. glabrata strains. twenty-four c. ... | 2001 | 11516184 |
| subtyping and antifungal susceptibilities of candida spp. in the intensive care unit of a greek general hospital. | this study identified the candida spp., susceptibility to antifungal agents and the prevailing candida albicans subtypes responsible for infections or colonization of 42 patients in the icu over a 6-month period. most isolates were c. albicans (66.1%) and candida tropicalis (28.3%) all of which were susceptible in vitro to antifungal agents. subtypes of the c. albicans isolates were identified by pulsed field gel electrophoresis sfi i chromosomal digests. two major c. albicans subtypes were iden ... | 2001 | 11516942 |
| a fungus by another name: candida glabrata. | | 2001 | 11517092 |
| [modern treatment of vaginal mycosis in adolescence]. | the aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the single per oral application of 200 mg fungolon (fluconazolum) in adolescent girls with proven candida spp. vaginal infection. | 2001 | 11519311 |
| fungemia in hiv-infected patients: a 12-year study in a tertiary care hospital. | opportunistic infections caused by fungi are common in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. we focused on severe infections as indicated by detectable fungemia. medical charts available for patients having positive blood cultures with fungi at the university of geneva hospital were retrospectively (1989 to 2000) reviewed. of 328 patients with fungemia during the study period, 315 (96%) medical charts were accessible. of these 315 patients, 37 (12.2%) were hiv-positive, and 13 (3 ... | 2001 | 11522214 |
| efficient pyruvate production by a multi-vitamin auxotroph of torulopsis glabrata: key role and optimization of vitamin levels. | a multi-vitamin auxotroph, torulopsis glabrata strain wsh-ip303, which can use ammonium chloride as a sole nitrogen source for pyruvate production, was selected. to optimize pyruvate yield and productivity, a simple but useful, orthogonal design method, was used to investigate the relationship between thiamine, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, and riboflavin. thiamine was confirmed to be the most important factor affecting pyruvate production. when the concentration of thiamine was 0.01 mg/l ... | 2001 | 11525614 |
| international surveillance of bloodstream infections due to candida species: frequency of occurrence and in vitro susceptibilities to fluconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole of isolates collected from 1997 through 1999 in the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program. | a surveillance program (sentry) of bloodstream infections (bsi) in the united states, canada, latin america, and europe from 1997 through 1999 detected 1,184 episodes of candidemia in 71 medical centers (32 in the united states, 23 in europe, 9 in latin america, and 7 in canada). overall, 55% of the yeast bsis were due to candida albicans, followed by candida glabrata and candida parapsilosis (15%), candida tropicalis (9%), and miscellaneous candida spp. (6%). in the united states, 45% of candid ... | 2001 | 11526159 |
| isolation and characterization of a species-specific dna fragment for identification of candida (torulopsis) glabrata by pcr. | a pcr specific for candida glabrata that amplifies a mitochondrial rrna gene fragment was developed by analysis of c. glabrata-specific agarose gel bands, which were generated by arbitrarily primed pcr. the expected pcr product was successfully amplified with genomic dna from 95 c. glabrata isolates but not from a number of other fungal isolates. | 2001 | 11526177 |
| evolution of antifungal susceptibility among candida species isolates recovered from human immunodeficiency virus-infected women receiving fluconazole prophylaxis. | the effect of fluconazole on the susceptibility of candida isolates recovered from women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. women with cd4(+) cell counts of < or =300 cells/mm(3) received either fluconazole (200 mg/week) or placebo as prophylaxis. the antifungal susceptibility of specimens was evaluated. one patient who received fluconazole and 2 patients assigned to placebo had candida albicans isolates recover ... | 2001 | 11528582 |
| increased incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by candida glabrata in jordan. | due to the rising importance of candida glabrata and other non-albicans candida as principle human opportunistic pathogens, 356 women with abnormal vaginal discharge who attended a private obstetrics and gynecology clinic in amman, jordan, between january 1999 and february 2001 were examined. the isolation rate of candida spp. from high-vaginal swabs was 44.9%. chromagar candida and conventional mycological methods identified six isolated candida spp., including c. albicans, c. glabrata, c. trop ... | 2001 | 11544399 |
| in vitro activities of posaconazole (sch 56592) compared with those of itraconazole and fluconazole against 3,685 clinical isolates of candida spp. and cryptococcus neoformans. | posaconazole is a new investigational triazole with broad-spectrum antifungal activity. the in vitro activities of posaconazole were compared with those of itraconazole and fluconazole against 3,685 isolates of candida spp. (3,312 isolates) and c. neoformans (373 isolates) obtained from over 70 different medical centers worldwide. the mics of the antifungal drugs were determined by broth microdilution tests performed according to the national committee for clinical laboratory standards method us ... | 2001 | 11557481 |
| cedarmycins a and b, new antimicrobial antibiotics from streptomyces sp. tp-a0456. | two novel butyrolactone antibiotics, cedarmycins a and b, were isolated from the cultured broth of the actinomycete streptomyces sp. tp-a0456. the new compounds were purified by hp-20 resin, silica gel, ods column chromatographies and preparative hplc, consecutively. the structure of cedarmycin was determined by spectroscopic methods as an alpha,beta-unsaturated butyrolactone with a fatty acid side chain. these compounds showed antibiotic activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria and ... | 2001 | 11560375 |
| isolation of a candida glabrata homologue of rap1, a regulator of transcription and telomere function in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | to study the function of rap1, an essential gene involved in the regulation of transcriptional activation, silencing and the telomere function in saccharomyces cerevisiae, we isolated a candida glabrata gene that complements the growth defect of a s. cerevisiae rap1 conditional mutant. the dna sequence of the cloned gene, which we designated cgrap1, predicted a 2064 bp open reading frame encoding a 687 amino acid protein with an overall identity of 65% and a similarity of 78% to rap1p from s. ce ... | 2001 | 11571752 |
| the kex2 gene of candida glabrata is required for cell surface integrity. | candida glabrata has emerged as one of the most common causes of candidosis. in order to identify factors that are necessary for viability and pathogenicity of this fungal pathogen, we analysed the role of the kex2 gene, which codes for a regulatory endoproteinase that is known to process certain virulence factors in candida albicans. the kex2 gene from c. glabrata was cloned and found to have 51% and 62% identity and high structural similarities to the homologous counterparts in c. albicans and ... | 2001 | 11580846 |
| in vitro and in vivo effects of 14alpha-demethylase (erg11) depletion in candida glabrata. | sterol 14alpha-demethylase (erg11) is the target enzyme of azole antifungals that are widely used for the treatment of fungal infections. candida glabrata is known to be less susceptible to fluconazole than most candida albicans strains, and the incidence of c. glabrata infection has been increasing mostly in conjunction with the use of azole antifungals. recently, it has been reported that c. glabrata can rescue the defect of ergosterol biosynthesis by incorporating cholesterol from serum. to e ... | 2001 | 11600353 |
| epididymitis caused by candida glabrata: a novel infection in diabetic patients? | | 2001 | 11679476 |
| keratitis caused by candida glabrata in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. | to report an unusual ocular presentation of candida glabrata in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. | 2001 | 11704043 |
| [an epidemiological study for fungus isolation during the twenty-five year periods from 1976 to 2000 in kitasato university hospital]. | we investigated an epidemiological study for fungus isolation in our hospital from 1976 to 2000. for 25 years, the total sample number of fungus examination were 64,296, and after 1988, the total sample number increased suddenly. as a whole, the positive ratio was constantly about 40%. when our hospital opened, the obstetrical and gynecological samples showed 38.8% for fungus examination, but recently, samples of the respiratory organ has increased. ratio of isolation for yeast, candida albicans ... | 2001 | 11712361 |
| antimicrobial resistance in vulvovaginitis. | although antimicrobial resistance has had an enormous impact on selection and utilization of antibiotics in virtually all aspects of clinical medicine, both inpatient and community based, little attention has been directed at antimicrobial resistance occurring in vaginal infections. little evidence exists that frequent relapses of bacterial vaginosis or vulvovaginal candidiasis are due to antimicrobial resistance. similarly, metronidazole-resistant trichomoniasis remains rare. nevertheless, abus ... | 2001 | 11722813 |
| evaluation of etest method for determining caspofungin (mk-0991) susceptibilities of 726 clinical isolates of candida species. | the performance of the etest for testing the susceptibilities to caspofungin (mk-0991) of 726 isolates of candida spp. was assessed against the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) microdilution broth method. the nccls method employed rpmi 1640 broth medium, and mics were read after incubation for 48 h at 35 degrees c. mics were determined by etest for all 726 isolates with rpmi agar containing 2% glucose (rpg) and were read after incubation for 48 h at 35 degrees c. the ... | 2001 | 11724849 |
| recovery of candida dubliniensis and other yeasts from human immunodeficiency virus-associated periodontal lesions. | oral and subgingival samples from periodontal lesions were collected from 54 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and 20 hiv-negative patients and cultured for yeast species. of the 54 samples cultured from hiv-positive patients, 44 (82%) were positive for yeast species, of which 29 (66%) were subgingival. a total of 19 (48%) patients were positive for candida dubliniensis, of which 15 (79%) were colonized in subgingival sites. seven isolates of candida glabrata, two isolates of candida p ... | 2001 | 11724873 |
| prevalence of yeast among children in nigeria and the united states. | fungal infections have gained considerable importance over the last decade as a result of significant increase in the incidence of opportunistic and systemic candidosis. although candida albicans is the predominant causative agent of candidosis, particularly oral disease, recently an epidemiological trend has been observed where other less pathogenic species of candida, including the newly characterized species candida dubliniensis, are emerging as significant opportunistic pathogens. the presen ... | 2001 | 11737663 |
| antimicrobial and anti-lipase activity of quercetin and its c2-c16 3-o-acyl-esters. | neither quercetin (q), nor 3-o-acylquercetines, up to 100 microg/ml, had any significant activity on selected gram-positive strains (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, listeria ivanovi, listeria monocytogenes, listeria serligeri), gram-negative strains (escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, shigella sonnei, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella tiphymurium) and yeasts (candida albicans and candida glabrata). in addition, we confirmed the known anti-hiv activity of q (80% inhibition at 40 micr ... | 2002 | 11741775 |
| in vitro activity of 6 antifungal agents on candida species isolated as causative agents from vaginal and other clinical specimens. | to study the susceptibility pattern of candida species isolated from various clinical specimens to common usable antifungals in libya. | 2001 | 11744942 |
| biotechnological production of pyruvic acid. | pyruvic acid is an important organic acid widely used in the chemical and drug, as well as agrochemical, industries. compared with the chemical method, biotechnological production of pyruvic acid is an alternative approach because of the low cost. an overview of biotechnological production of pyruvate, including direct fermentative production employing eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms, production by a resting cell method and an enzymatic method as well as the recovery of pyruvate, is di ... | 2001 | 11762589 |
| candida glabrata and candida krusei fungemia after high-risk allogeneic marrow transplantation: no adverse effect of low-dose fluconazole prophylaxis on incidence and outcome. | candidemia is a serious complication in patients following allogeneic blood, marrow, and organ transplantation. fourteen patients developed nosocomial fungemia among 204 allogeneic marrow transplants performed during 1997-1999. incidence of hematogenous candidiasis was 6.8 per 100 allogeneic bmt. all 14 had an indwelling central venous catheter (cvc) and fluconazole (100-200 mg daily) was given prophylactically. in 11 (78.5%) neutropenic patients, duration between agranulocytosis and diagnosis o ... | 2001 | 11781648 |
| neonatal candida glabrata sepsis: clinical and laboratory features compared with other candida species. | recent studies have shown a rise in candida glabrata infections among immunocompromised adults. in published case series of neonatal candidemia, however, the species glabrata is uncommon. we conducted a retrospective chart review to examine the epidemiology, clinical presentation and outcome of neonatal infection with c. glabrata compared with other species of candida. | 2002 | 11791097 |
| a comparison of methods for yeast identification including chromagar candida, vitek system ybc and a traditional biochemical method. | chromagar candida (cac) is a new chromogenic medium for the presumptive identification of clinically-important yeast isolates. a yeast biochemical card (ybc), a part of the vitek system is an automatic method for the identification of clinically-important yeast isolates. we conducted a comparison of these two methods with a traditional biochemical method in order to choose a rapid and accurate technique for yeast identification. | 2001 | 11791943 |
| strong antifungal activity of ss750, a new triazole derivative, is based on its selective binding affinity to cytochrome p450 of fungi. | ss750 [(r)-(-)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-(ethylsulfonyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-propanol] is a new triazole, and its potential as an antifungal agent was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo studies. in a comparison of the mics at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (mic(50)s) for all strains of candida species and cryptococcus neoformans tested, ss750 was four times or more active than fluconazole and had activity comparable to that of itraconazole. the most important advantage of ... | 2002 | 11796335 |
| the epidemiology of candidaemia and mould infections in australia. | a retrospective review of candida bloodstream infections (bsi) in australian hospitals between 1995 and 1998 was performed. nine tertiary referral hospitals in the states of new south wales, victoria, south australia and queensland participated. of all isolates, 56% were candida albicans, 14% candida parapsilosis, 13% candida glabrata, 5% candida krusei and 4.5% candida tropicalis. there were significant differences in the distribution of species in different patient groups. among surgical patie ... | 2002 | 11801574 |
| infections during mobilizing chemotherapy and following autologous stem cell transplantation. | autologous peripheral blood stem cells (pbsc), for transplantation following high-dose chemotherapy, are collected using regimens containing cytokines with or without chemotherapy. the added period of neutropenia prior to stem cell transplantation (sct) in patients receiving chemotherapy mobilization may increase the risk of infections following transplantation. we studied the incidence of culture-positive infections in 107 consecutive patients who were divided into three groups, according to wh ... | 2001 | 11803354 |
| candida glabrata fungemia in a tertiary cancer institution in slovakia. | because of controversial data on virulence and mortality, six cases of fungemia caused by candida glabrata were reviewed in a single cancer institution within 8 years. risk factors and outcome of c. glabrata, candida albicans, and other non-albicans candida spp. appearing within the same period under the same antibiotic policy at the same institution were compared. among other non-albicans candida spp. in 1990-1997 c. glabrata fungemias showed a decreasing tendency, from 9% to 4.5% in 1997. anal ... | 1999 | 11810509 |
| real-time antifungal susceptibility screening aids management of invasive yeast infections in immunocompromised patients. | we examined the utility of a semi-solid agar antifungal susceptibility screening (saas) test in real-time management of eight immunocompromised patients with invasive yeast infections. tests of amphotericin b and fluconazole concentrations of 0.5 and 2 mg/l and 1, 8 and 40 mg/l, respectively, were performed on candida albicans (two), candida tropicalis (two), candida krusei (one), candida glabrata (one) and trichosporon species (spp.) (two). all but the trichosporon spp. and c. glabrata isolates ... | 2002 | 11815592 |
| trends in species causing fungaemia in a tertiary care medical centre over 12 years. | trends in the species of yeast causing fungaemia over a 12-year period at a large tertiary care medical centre were reviewed. a total of 966 unique episodes of fungaemia occurred in 898 patients. there was an overall trend toward fewer fungaemic episodes due to candida albicans and more due to candida glabrata and candida parapsilosis. however, c. albicans remained the predominant species causing fungaemia, and the proportion due to other species varied from year to year. candida glabrata was di ... | 2001 | 11820256 |
| contribution of serological tests and blood culture to the early diagnosis of systemic candidiasis. | the isolation of candida species from a single blood culture is considered sufficient evidence for the initiation of systemic antifungal therapy. however, blood cultures still lack sensitivity. previous reports have suggested that the combined serological detection of mannanemia and anti-mannan antibodies may be useful for the diagnosis of systemic candidiasis caused by candida albicans (specificity and sensitivity 93% and 80%, respectively). in this study, serological tests to detect candida al ... | 2001 | 11837637 |
| design and fungicidal activity of mucoadhesive lactoferrin tablets for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidosis. | lactoferrin (lf) is a potential drug candidate for the treatment of oropharyngeal candida infections. however, for an effective therapeutic treatment an appropriate dosage form is required. therefore a mucoadhesive tablet for buccal application was developed. tablets of sufficient strength could be produced on high speed tabletting machines, but they could only be obtained when the protein contained at least 7% moisture. the tablet contained sodium alginate both for its release-controlling prope ... | 2002 | 11839206 |
| case report. multiple etiology post-surgery endophthalmitis. | the case describes a septic endophthalmitis arisen in a convalescence period following surgery of cataract extraction. the infection was due to staphylococcus aureus and three fungal components, candida albicans, candida glabrata and acremonium kiliense, which were subsequently isolated. a careful and prompt laboratory investigation allowed the clinicians to adjust the antimycotic therapy and attain an excellent clinical result. | 2002 | 11856436 |
| synthesis of sordaricin analogues as potent antifungal agents against candida albicans. | sordaricin derivatives possessing a cyclohexane ring appendage attached via an ether, thioether, amine, oxime, ester or amide linkage were synthesized and their antifungal activity was evaluated in vitro. compounds containing a thioether bond or an oxime bond as a linkage exhibited potent mics (< or = 0.125 microg/ml) against four candida albicans strains including azole-low-susceptible strains. they were also active (mic < or = 0.125 microg/ml) against candida glabrata. their in vivo efficacy w ... | 2002 | 11859007 |
| fungemia: an increasing problem in a danish university hospital 1989 to 1994. | objective: to present data on episodes of fungemia in a danish tertiary-care university hospital admitting all types of patients and to compare the data with previous findings from the same hospital. methods: retrospective identification of episodes of fungemia from 1989 to 1994 and collection of data from computerized files at the clinical microbiology department at rigshospitalet and the mycology reference laboratory at statens seruminstitut. results: the incidence of fungemia increased gradua ... | 1995 | 11866740 |
| routine use of chromagar candida medium for presumptive identification of candida yeast species and detection of mixed fungal populations. | objective: to assess the value of the new differential culture medium chromagar candida for routine investigation of clinical specimens. methods: during a whole year, 6150 clinical samples were plated on chromagar candida medium. after incubation, the green colonies were considered to be candida albicans. the colonies of other colors were identified using bichrolatex-krusei, or by their assimilation pattern on id 32c test strips and their morphology on rice cream-agar-tween. results: among the 6 ... | 1996 | 11866844 |
| susceptibility testing of fluconazole by the nccls broth macrodilution method, e-test, and disk diffusion for application in the routine laboratory. | antifungal susceptibility testing may be an important aid in the treatment of patients with life-threatening yeast infections. in order to establish the suitability of different susceptibility test methods for fluconazole with yeasts, the rosco tablet and the e-test were compared with the gold standard nccls broth macrodilution method for 106 yeast strains. these included 102 clinical isolates of candida spp., including candida glabrata (n = 30), candida albicans (n = 20), candida tropicalis (n ... | 2002 | 11880416 |
| first isolation of reddish-pigmented candida (torulopsis) glabrata from a clinical specimen. | | 2002 | 11880457 |
| map location of transcripts from torulopsis glabrata mitochondrial dna. | unique transcripts for cytochrome b, atpase subunits 6 and 9, cytochrome oxidase subunits 2 and 3 and s and l rrna have been mapped by the s1 protection technique to the circular 19-kbp mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the yeast torulopsis glabrata. in contrast, a number of transcripts have been detected for the mosaic cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene with the largest being approximately 5000 nucleotides and the mature message having a length of 1760 nucleotides. despite the presence in t. glabrata ... | 1983 | 11892797 |
| six novel antimycotics. | we have reviewed six new antimycotic agents which have potential applications for human cutaneous and mucosal diseases. information on these six drugs was obtained via an english language search of pubmed through the us national library of medicine. the antimycotic agents reviewed include rilopirox, lanoconazole, nnd-502, butenafine, eberconazole and voriconazole. rilopirox is a synthetic pyridone derivative, related to ciclopirox, with a fungicidal action. rilopirox is a hydrophobic, topical ag ... | 2002 | 11893219 |
| the epidemiology of candida glabrata and candida albicans fungemia in immunocompromised patients with cancer. | candida glabrata is an increasing cause of candidemia, especially at cancer and bone marrow transplant centers where fluconazole is used for antifungal prophylaxis. this yeast is less susceptible to fluconazole in vitro than is candida albicans. we compared the characteristics of patients who had c. glabrata and c. albicans candidemia at a large cancer center. | 2002 | 11904112 |
| massive septic thrombus formation on a superior vena cava indwelling catheter following torulopsis (candida) glabrata fungemia. | fungal endocarditis is an exceedingly rare complication of indwelling central venous catheters in adults. here we describe what appears to be the first case of a right atrial thrombus superinfected with the yeast torulopsis (candida) glabrata and attached to an indwelling superior vena cava catheter that was not used for parenteral nutrition. a large vegetation-like mass adherent to the catheter tip was visualized by transesophageal echocardiography in a patient who presented with signs of septi ... | 2002 | 11904673 |
| epidemiology of candidemia: 3-year results from the emerging infections and the epidemiology of iowa organisms study. | bloodstream infections due to candida species cause significant morbidity and mortality. surveillance for candidemia is necessary to detect trends in species distribution and antifungal resistance. we performed prospective surveillance for candidemia at 16 hospitals in the state of iowa from 1 july 1998 through 30 june 2001. using u.s. census bureau and iowa hospital association data to estimate a population denominator, we calculated the annual incidence of candidemia in iowa to be 6.0 per 100, ... | 2002 | 11923348 |
| oral yeast carriage in patients with advanced cancer. | the aim of this study was to investigate oral yeast carriage amongst patients with advanced cancer. oral rinse samples were obtained from 120 subjects. yeasts were isolated using sabouraud's dextrose agar and chromagar candida, and were identified using a combination of the api 20 c aux yeast identification system, species-specific pcr and 26s rdna gene sequencing. oral yeast carriage was present in 66% of subjects. the frequency of isolation of individual species was: candida albicans, 46%; can ... | 2002 | 11929553 |
| [candida carriage in the oral mucosa of a student population: adhesiveness of the strains and predisposing factors]. | the aim of this study was to establish oral carriage of candida and possible factors associated to their virulence in young adults and their relation with local and general situations considered as predisposing factors. samples were obtained from dorsum tongue in 70 students attending the faculty of dentistry (university of buenos aires) average age: 23, all in healthy oral conditions. of these, 21.42% were candida positive. these samples were seeded in chromagar. candida identification was comp ... | 2002 | 11942080 |
| oxime derivatives of sordaricin as potent antifungal agents. | oxime derivatives of the sordarin aglycone have been identified as potent antifungal agents. the in vitro spectrum of activity includes coverage against candida albicans and candida glabrata with mics as low as 0.06 microg/ml. the antifungal activity was established to be exquisitely sensitive to the spatial orientation of the lipophilic side chains. | 2002 | 11958999 |
| efficacies of fluconazole, caspofungin, and amphotericin b in candida glabrata-infected p47phox-/- knockout mice. | candida glabrata is the second leading cause of adult candidemia, resulting in high mortality. amphotericin b is considered the treatment of choice, while the efficacy of fluconazole is controversial and caspofungin efficacy is unknown. to ascertain drug efficacy in vivo, the utility of a murine model of c. glabrata infection was investigated. c. glabrata was found to cause progressive, lethal infection when injected intravenously into c57bl/6 mice with reduced oxidative microbicidal capacity du ... | 2002 | 11959551 |
| in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of tak-456, a novel oral triazole with a broad antifungal spectrum. | tak-456 is a novel oral triazole compound with potent and broad-spectrum in vitro antifungal activity and strong in vivo efficacy against candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus. tak-456 inhibited sterol synthesis of c. albicans and a. fumigatus by 50% at 3 to 11 ng/ml. tak-456 showed strong in vitro activity against clinical isolates of candida spp., aspergillus spp., and cryptococcus neoformans, except for candida glabrata. the mics at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited bytak-4 ... | 2002 | 11959573 |
| in vitro activities of terbinafine in combination with fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole against clinical isolates of candida glabrata with decreased susceptibility to azoles. | a checkerboard microdilution method, performed according to the recommendations of the national committee for clinical laboratory standards, was used to study the in vitro interaction of terbinafine (trb) with fluconazole (flu), itraconazole (itra), voriconazole (vrc), and posaconazole (psz) in 24 isolates of candida glabrata with decreased susceptibility to azoles isolated from the oral cavities of human immunodeficiency virus patients. synergy, defined as a fractional inhibitory concentration ... | 2002 | 11980970 |
| candida glabrata oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients receiving radiation treatment for head and neck cancer. | candida glabrata colonization is common in patients receiving radiation treatment for head and neck cancer, but to our knowledge has never been described as the infecting organism with oropharyngeal candidiasis (opc). this study presents the first three patients described with c. glabrata opc in this patient population. patient 1 developed c. glabrata opc and required fluconazole, 800 mg/day, for clinical resolution. antifungal susceptibility testing revealed a mic of fluconazole of >64 microg/m ... | 2002 | 11980984 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of hydroxyalkyl- and hydroxyacyl-phenols and their benzyl ethers. | new phenolic compounds with hydrophilic side chains were prepared from 4-benzyloxybenzaldehyde and alkenyl magnesium bromides, followed by sharpless dihydroxylation and hydrogenolytic removal of the benzyl group. the resulting compounds were tested in an agar diffusion assay against gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria, and against the fungi candida glabrata and aspergillus niger. | 2002 | 12007113 |
| novel substituted quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides with in vitro antimycobacterial and anticandida activity. | thirty-six 6(7)-substituted-3-methyl- or 3-halogenomethyl-2-phenylthio-phenylsulphonyl-chloro-quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides belonging to series 3-6 were synthesised and submitted to a preliminary in vitro evaluation for antimycobacterial, anticandida and antibacterial activities. antitubercular screening showed a generally good activity of 3-methyl-2-phenylthioquinoxaline 1,4-dioxides (3d,e,h-j) against mycobacterium tuberculosis, and exhibited mic between 0.39 and 0.78 microg ml(-1) (rifampicin mic= ... | 2002 | 12008050 |
| synthesis and preliminary evaluation of benzimidazole derivatives as antimicrobial agents. | a series of 2-alkylsulphanylbenzimidazoles was synthesised and the compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. the structures of the compounds were confirmed by 1h-nmr and ir data, and their purity by elemental analysis. antimycobacterial activities against mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria as well as antifungal activities against candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida krusei, candida glabrata, trichosporon beigelii, trichophyton mentagrop ... | 2002 | 12008055 |
| nosocomial candidemia in a tertiary care hospital in saudi arabia. | demographic information, risk factors, therapy, and outcome for all patients who had candidemia at king fahad teaching hospital al-khobar, between january 1995 and january 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. thirty-two candidemic patients were identified. candida parapsilosis was the most frequently isolated species (44%), followed by candida tropicalis (25%), candida albicans (19%), candida krusei (6%), candida glabrata (3%), and candida guilliermondi (3%). risk factors included recent broad-sp ... | 2002 | 12014479 |
| precision and accuracy of fluconazole susceptibility testing by broth microdilution, etest, and disk diffusion methods. | interpretive agreements among the results of fluconazole broth microdilution tests, etests, and disk diffusion tests were documented by evaluating 495 candida spp. microdilution reference test results were in agreement with 96% of the etest results; most discrepancies were minor differences. fluconazole resistance of candida krusei strains often required a full 48 h of incubation in order to be observed by the standard method. for the disk diffusion tests that were performed on mueller-hinton ag ... | 2002 | 12019090 |
| prevalence, species distribution and antifungal sensitivity of vaginal yeasts in infertile women. | a total of 326 high vaginal swabs from infertile women attending the institute of reproductive medicine were cultured from june 1999 to may 2000. candida species was isolated from 42(12.88%) patients. candida albicans (40.47%) followed by candida glabrata (38.09%) were the most common isolates. other species included candida tropicalis (14.28%) and candida krusei (7.14%). all isolates were tested for sensitivity by disc diffusion method on yeast nitrogen agar base towards four antifungals. seven ... | 2001 | 12024920 |
| post-antifungal effect and effects of sub-mic concentrations on previously treated candida spp.: influence of exposure time and concentration. | this study evaluates the influence of exposure time and concentration on the post-antifungal effect (pafe) and the effect of sub-mic concentrations (1/4 x mic) on candida albicans and c. glabrata in the pafe stage (pafse). this stage was induced by pretreatment for 1.5, 3 or 12 h with 1 x, 4 x or 8 x mic of 4 antifungal agents fundamental to modern candidiasis therapy. the length of the 2 effects studied was dependent on the concentration of the antifungal agent applied during pretreatment, as w ... | 2002 | 12030393 |
| genetic structure of candida glabrata populations in aids and non-aids patients. | the genotypes of 63 strains (11 reference strains and 52 strains from hospitalized patients) of the haploid yeast candida glabrata were determined from 33 putative gene enzymatic loci. this enabled the characterization of 26 different multilocus genotypes. genetic differentiation was found between distant hospitals (located in montpellier and paris, france) but not for other parameters (anatomic origins or human immunodeficiency virus-positive [hiv+] and hiv- patients). strong nonrandom associat ... | 2002 | 12037087 |
| antifungal susceptibilities of candida spp. isolated from blood in spain and argentina, 1996-1999. | the aim of this study was to identify retrospectively trends in species distribution and susceptibility patterns of candida species causing bloodstream infections in 99 medical centres (55 in spain and 44 in argentina) from 1996 to 1999. a total of 744 candida isolates were sent to the mycology reference laboratories during the study period (514 to the spanish laboratory and 230 to the argentinian laboratory). candida non-albicans strains caused more episodes of fungaemia than candida albicans i ... | 2002 | 12039890 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of hydroxyalkyl- and hydroxyacyl-phenols and their benzyl ethers. | new phenolic compounds with hydrophilic side chains were prepared from 4-benzyloxybenzaldehyde and alkenyl magnesium bromides, followed by sharpless dihydroxylation and hydrogenolytic removal of the benzyl group. the resulting compounds were tested in an agar diffusion assay against gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria, and against the fungi candida glabrata and aspergillus niger. | 2002 | 12043461 |
| antifungal activities of fluconazole, caspofungin (mk0991), and anidulafungin (ly 303366) alone and in combination against candida spp. and crytococcus neoformans via time-kill methods. | the activities of the echinocandins caspofungin and anidulafungin were evaluated alone and in combination with fluconazole using time-kill methods against isolates of candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis, candida krusei, and cryptococcus neoformans. antifungal concentrations tested against each isolate were 0.5 microg/ml and 20 microg/ml of fluconazole and 0.007 microg/ml and 2 microg/ml of both caspofungin and anidulafungin. in addition, 20 microg/ml of fluconazole was tested ... | 2002 | 12052624 |
| an extremely uncommon infection: candida glabrata arthritis after total knee arthroplasty. | prosthetic arthritis caused by candida species is extremely rare. of 30 such cases reported in the english literature, only 3 were due to candida glabrata. we present herein a fourth case; to the best of our knowledge this is the first example of knee arthroplasty infection caused by c. glabrata. | 2002 | 12069030 |
| epidemiology of opportunistic invasive mycoses. | invasive aspergillosis and disseminated candidiasis are the two major manifestations of opportunistic invasive mycoses. their incidence has risen considerably during the past decades, due to more intensive anticancer chemotherapy, organ transplantations, intensive care, and aggressive surgical interventions. especially bone marrow transplant recipients are at risk for developing invasive aspergillosis. whether the infection is acquired through contaminated water or through airborne spores is a m ... | 2002 | 12069910 |
| karyotyping of candida albicans and candida glabrata isolates from recurrent vaginal infections by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | in the present study, 16 women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (rvvc) due to candida albicans and candida (torulopsis) glabrata were followed for a period of 4 to 12 months, and 36 vaginal isolates were evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). eleven women were infected by c. albicans and 5 by c. glabrata. three electrophoretic karyotypes of c. albicans and 3 of c. glabrata were identified throughout the follow-up. all patients but one was infected with the same karyotype of ... | 2002 | 12073826 |