| the genetic basis of resistance to 5-fluorocytosine in candida species and cryptococcus neoformans. | in terms of genetically determined susceptibility to the clinical antifungal agent 5-fluorocytosine (5-fc), candida albicans may be homozygous sensitive (fcy/fcy), homozygous resistant (fcy/fcy), or heterozygous (fcy/fcy). although heterozygotes are only slightly resistant, they occur at significant frequency among clinical strains and carry preexisting resistance determinants which may be responsible, following homozygosis, for treatment failures. there are two resistance genes (fcy1 and fcy2) ... | 1987 | 3319420 |
| [experimental subacute cryptococcosis in wistar rats]. | | 1987 | 3320673 |
| [cryptococcosis of the central nervous system--3 case reports]. | | 1987 | 3320745 |
| the brown colour effect (bce) of cryptococcus neoformans in the diagnosis, control and epidemiology of c. neoformans infections in aids patients. | cryptococcus neoformans was found as the causative agent of cryptococcosis in 7 (3.6%) out of 195 hiv-positive persons, most of them being hospitalized. these 7 persons included 6 homosexuals and 1 heroin addict. the examinations were performed at the mycology unit of the robert koch institute in berlin (west) between 1984 and 1986. the brown colour effect (bce) of the c. neoformans colonies on guizotia abyssinica creatinine agar (with 0.1% glucose) within 2-5 days at 26 degrees c facilitated th ... | 1987 | 3321763 |
| extracellular iron chelation in cryptococcus neoformans. | low-iron minimal medium supported growth of cryptococcus neoformans but spent medium contained no hydroxamates, organic acids or other iron chelators. exogenous deferoxamine stimulated growth in extreme iron-limitation, while neither organic acids nor quartersaturated transferrins were stimulatory. these results suggest two iron uptake mechanisms, one dependent upon exogenous hydroxamate, the other hydroxamate-independent. | 1987 | 3325632 |
| rapid identification of the two varieties of cryptococcus neoformans by d-proline assimilation. | | 1987 | 3325842 |
| [light and electron microscopic observations of cysts in the brain from an autopsy case of cryptococcus meningitis]. | we gave some considerations to the significance of cyst formation in a case of cryptococcus meningitis by examining the cysts themselves and comparing the organisms in the cysts with those disseminated throughout the subarachnoid space by light and electron microscopy. an 18-year-old girl had complained of headache, stiffneck and fever at the onset. these symptoms worsened into confusion without any definite diagnosis, then resulted in an arrest of spontaneous respiration which led to use of res ... | 1987 | 3327515 |
| [neurocryptococcosis in childhood. report of 3 cases in the 1st decade of life]. | the authors report three cases of central nervous system cryptococcosis in children in the first decade of life, from rio grande do sul state, brazil. diagnosis was supported by demonstration of cryptococcus neoformans with india-ink preparations of the spinal fluid and sabouraud's media culture. clinical presentation included acute, subacute and chronic forms. increased intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus were the complications during the course of the disease, and a ventriculoperitoneal sh ... | 1987 | 3329508 |
| intraventricular cryptococcal granuloma. report of two cases. | infection by cryptococcus neoformans, a budding nonmycelial yeast, involves the central nervous system in 70% of patients at the time of diagnosis. meningitis and meningoencephalitis are common manifestations of infection; solid granulomas occur but are unusual, and intraventricular granulomas are distinctly rare. two cases of intraventricular cryptococcal granuloma are reported. the diagnosis and treatment of mass lesions due to cryptococcal infection are discussed, with special reference to in ... | 1988 | 3335901 |
| cerebrospinal fluid macrophage response to experimental cryptococcal meningitis: relationship between in vivo and in vitro measurements of cytotoxicity. | the functional abilities of macrophages from cerebrospinal fluid (csf) have so far been little studied. we examined the acquisition of activation characteristics by csf macrophages during the course of experimental cryptococcal meningitis. csf macrophages developed the ability for increased reactive oxidative intermediate (h2o2) production and tumor and fungal cytotoxicity. despite having been activated, csf macrophages could not inhibit the growth of cryptococcus neoformans in vitro. immunosupp ... | 1988 | 3346075 |
| fatal disseminated cryptococcosis following intraocular involvement. | a 33-year-old man was treated with systemic steroids for a retinal inflammatory lesion before the diagnosis of cryptococcal retinitis and meningitis was suspected. he died from central nervous system disease despite treatment with parenteral antifungals. histopathological studies demonstrated ocular and disseminated systemic infection with cryptococcus neoformans. direct cryptococcal involvement of the eye is rare and is usually associated with disseminated disease. systemic steroids must be use ... | 1988 | 3355803 |
| isolated cryptococcus neoformans osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child. | | 1988 | 3368272 |
| death of a child associated with multiple overdoses of acetaminophen. | a case of long-term acetaminophen overdosage in a six-year-old child, which contributed to her death despite optimal medical management including oral acetylcysteine therapy, is reported. acetaminophen 325 mg every six hours was prescribed for fever associated with measles. believing that acetaminophen was nontoxic, the child's mother progressively increased the dose over three days, first in response to fever and subsequently for abdominal pain probably secondary to unrecognized acetaminophen t ... | 1988 | 3383545 |
| in vitro synergistic activity of ketoconazole with trifluoperazine and with chlorpromazine against medically important yeasts. | combination of ketoconazole and trifluoperazine or chlorpromazine yielded an in vitro synergistic effect on growth inhibition of candida albicans, torulopsis glabrata, cryptococcus neoformans, candida parapsilosis and candida tropicalis. the optimal ph range for the synergistic effects was 7.0-7.6. at ph 5.0 the drug combination was antagonistic. (application for patent protection has been filed). | 1988 | 3391057 |
| mycological-diagnostic assessment of the efficacy of amphotericin b + flucytosine to control cryptococcus neoformans in aids patients. | | 1988 | 3405247 |
| management of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with aids. | a case of cryptococcal meningitis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is described, as well as the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of the disease. in july 1987 a 38-year-old white man was admitted to the hospital because of confusion, disorientation, and headache. his medical history was notable for a positive human immunodeficiency virus test. culture of the cerebrospinal fluid was positive for cryptococcus n ... | 1988 | 3416573 |
| [meningitis caused by cryptococcus neoformans]. | | 1987 | 3424703 |
| [significance of the presence of candida sp. in bronchopulmonary secretions. contribution of pulmonary biopsy]. | candida sp is often found in broncho-pulmonary secretions (expectorations, bronchial aspirations, bronchiolo-alveolar lavage...); however, its presence even in massive amounts, is difficult to interpret. is it a sign of broncho-pulmonary candidosis or mouth-pharynx contamination? the different clinical and biological elements, in particular immunology in immunodepressed patients, bring little information. in this article, we present the retrospective study of 18 patients hospitalized in pneumolo ... | 1987 | 3425992 |
| [cryptococcus neoformans meningitis with normal cerebrospinal fluid]. | | 1987 | 3431195 |
| [cerebrospinal fluid in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. analysis of 50 cases]. | cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was analysed in 50 aids patients in this investigation. csf analysis included: pressure, aspect, colour, cytology (cell number, cytomorphology, and lymphocyte subpopulations), proteins concentration and their electrophoretic distribution, chloride and glycosis concentration, got and ldh activity, immunology for cysticercosis, syphilis and toxoplasmosis, bacteriology, and mycological examinations (direct, cultures, cryptococcus neoformans antigen test). diagnostic change ... | 1987 | 3449024 |
| ecology of yeast and epidemiology of yeast infections. | in the normal human flora yeasts occur regularly and most of them are potential pathogens. apart from c. albicans, c. glabrata and p. orbiculare they originate mainly from sources outside man. thus cryptococcus neoformans has its main reservoir in pidgeon manure. the epidemiology of yeast infections and more particularly those caused by c. albicans has not been well understood until recently when 3 different methods have been developed that allow for differentiation of strains of c. albicans. th ... | 1986 | 3459343 |
| oral cryptococcus neoformans infection in aids. | opportunistic fungal and parasitic infections account for a significant amount of the morbidity and the mortality associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). oral fungal infections are limited primarily to candida albicans. the first reported case of oral cryptococcus neoformans infection in a patient with aids is presented. | 1987 | 3477766 |
| oral manifestations of disseminated cryptococcus neoformans in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a palatal lesion was the initial manifestation of disseminated cryptococcosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the diagnosis was initially verified with cytologic smears in situ and later confirmed with pathologic findings from an excisional biopsy specimen. as cryptococcosis is one of the major opportunistic infections in persons with aids, an increased incidence of oral manifestations of cryptococcosis can be expected. | 1987 | 3477767 |
| bacteremia and fungemia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | forty-nine episodes of bacteremia and fungemia occurred in 38 of 336 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome seen at our institution since 1980. there were five types of infections. infections commonly associated with a t-cell immunodeficiency disorder comprised 16 episodes and included those with salmonella species, listeria monocytogenes, cryptococcus neoformans, and histoplasma capsulatum. infections commonly associated with a b-cell immunodeficiency disorder included those with ... | 1986 | 3485396 |
| pulmonary manifestations of aids: review of 106 episodes. | we reviewed the clinical records and chest radiographs of all patients admitted to our institution between 1982 and 1984 who had pulmonary disease and who were later proved to have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) (95 patients). diffuse parenchymal lung disease was the most common finding. these infiltrates were usually interstitial and caused by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or p. carinii combined with cytomegalovirus infection. focal, multilobar, interstitial infiltrates were also of ... | 1986 | 3489955 |
| fatal disseminated cryptococcosis and concurrent ehrlichiosis in a dog. | laboratory findings in an adult bull terrier presented with a history of anorexia and weight loss included the following: severe anaemia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopaenia, thrombocytopaenia, ehrlichia canis morulae in monocytes, hypergammaglo-bulinaemia, a bleeding tendency, icterus and proteinuria. in addition, a high haemobartonella canis parasitaemia, non-encapsulated yeasts on urinalysis and a localised demodex canis infestation were present. treatment for ehrlichiosis was initiated ... | 1987 | 3508465 |
| development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to pneumocystis carinii. | hybridoma-producing monoclonal antibodies against pneumocystis carinii were produced by the fusion of nonsecreting mouse myeloma cells (p3x63-ag8.653) with splenocytes from balb/c mice that had been immunized with partially purified preparations of p. carinii. of 227 hybridoma clones producing antibodies against p. carinii, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 12 monoclonal antibodies showing the highest reactivity in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were further characteriz ... | 1986 | 3510163 |
| macrophage-mediated fungistasis in vitro: requirements for intracellular and extracellular cytotoxicity. | macrophage cytotoxicity for cryptococcus neoformans was investigated by culturing mouse peritoneal macrophages with a thin-capsuled clone of cryptococcus under conditions permitting efficient phagocytosis. yeast replication was quantitated by electronic particle counting after detergent lysis of macrophages, and viability was determined by quantitative plate counts. under appropriate conditions, reproduction was completely inhibited; stasis began at 2 hr after addition of yeasts and lasted for 3 ... | 1986 | 3510251 |
| correlation of natural killer cell activity and clearance of cryptococcus neoformans from mice after adoptive transfer of splenic nylon wool-nonadherent cells. | previous reports demonstrate that natural killer (nk) cells inhibit the growth of cryptococcus neoformans in vitro, but conclusive evidence supporting the effectiveness of nk cells in host resistance to cryptococci is not available. the objective of these studies was to assess the ability of nk cells to clear c. neoformans from the lungs, livers, and spleens of infected mice. cba/j mice were depleted of nk cells, as well as other natural effector cells, by an intraperitoneal injection of cycloph ... | 1986 | 3510981 |
| antibody-dependent natural killer cell-mediated growth inhibition of cryptococcus neoformans. | previous data from this laboratory indicate that normal murine nylon wool nonadherent splenic cells with characteristics of natural killer (nk) cells effectively inhibit in vitro growth of cryptococcus neoformans, a yeastlike pathogen. since nk cells have been shown to be involved in antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity against immunoglobulin g (igg)-coated tumor cells and xenogenic erythrocytes, we were interested in assessing the effects of the igg fraction of rabbit anticryptococcal ... | 1986 | 3510982 |
| serotypes of cryptococcus neoformans in patients with aids. | | 1986 | 3512735 |
| activation of the complement system by cryptococcus neoformans leads to binding of ic3b to the yeast. | the complement system plays a key role in resistance to cryptococcosis. in the present study, we examined several factors that influence the binding of c3 cleavage fragments to cryptococcus neoformans. binding of c3 was determined by using normal human serum supplemented with 125i-labeled c3. incubation of encapsulated cryptococci in 20% serum led to the binding of approximately 3.2 x 10(6) molecules of c3 to each cell. the binding of c3 was markedly inhibited by heating the serum at 56 degrees ... | 1986 | 3514450 |
| proteolytic activity of a clinical isolate of cryptococcus neoformans. | a clinical isolate of cryptococcus neoformans was grown on essential salts medium without (nh4)2so4 and supplemented with bovine serum albumin as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. growth on this medium resulted in secretion of proteolytic enzymes by the organism. the secretion of protease enzymes was inhibited by (nh4)2so4 and glucose. proteolytic activity may be a factor in virulence and pathogenicity of c. neoformans. | 1986 | 3514663 |
| comparative study of the temperature profiles of growth and death of the pathogenic yeast cryptococcus neoformans and the non-pathogenic cryptococcus albidus. | the temperature profiles of two species of cryptococcus were compared. the pathogenic cr. neoformans had a maximum temperature for growth of 39.8 degrees c and the non-pathogenic cr. albidus, of 30.2 degrees c. the specific growth rates measured in the former were of an order of magnitude higher than in the latter, whereas the arrhenius plots of the specific thermal death rates did not show a significant difference. | 1986 | 3514843 |
| ultrastructure of acapsular mutant cryptococcus neoformans cap 67 and monosaccharide composition of cell extracts. | acapsular mutant cryptococcus neoformans cap 67 was grown in pine's citrate broth medium for 3 days and the cells then transferred to a nitrogen-free medium for 6 days. the cells were subjected to a four stage extraction with buffered triton-x100, cold dilute alkaline borohydride, hot dilute acetic acid, and a second alkaline extraction. galactoxylomannan antigens were recovered from the culture supernates of both 3 day-old and 9 day-old yeast cells. the alkaline extracts contained water-soluble ... | 1986 | 3515196 |
| serum fungistatic and fungicidal activity in volunteers receiving antifungal agents. | the serum levels of two imidazoles, ketoconazole and bayer n7133, when administered alone or in combination with rifampin, were measured in volunteers and the serum antifungal activity was determined against various fungal strains. serum levels were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography and correlated with serum fungistatic activity as determined in microtiter plates. ketoconazole showed a wide range of serum levels, suggesting individual variations. the addition of two doses of rifamp ... | 1986 | 3516681 |
| clinical isolates of cryptococcus neoformans from zaire. | the incidence of disseminated cryptococcosis among central africans with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) may exceed 35%. of the 2 varieties of cryptococcus neoformans--neoformans and gattii--it appears that the neoformans variant is the one most frequently associated with aids. this assumption is based on the investigation of 47 cryptococcosis isolates into white mice to determine their ability (variety gattii) or inability (variety neoformans) to produce the elongated cells characte ... | 1986 | 3516683 |
| isolation of highly encapsulated cryptococcus neoformans serotype b from a patient in new york city. | for the first time, cryptococcus neoformans serotype b was isolated from a patient in new york city, not a region endemic for b/c serotypes. the isolate was morphologically unusual, with cells several times larger in infected tissue than those characteristic of the yeastlike pathogen. this anomaly may be a problem in the identification of similar isolates. two serotype differentiation media and a slide agglutination test were used for definitive serotype identification. | 1986 | 3517042 |
| thermal death potentiation by amphotericin b in cryptococcus neoformans and its dependence on pre-incubation temperature. | thermal death of cryptococcus neoformans in the presence of amphotericin b was strongly dependent upon the temperature of pre-incubation. the entropy coefficient, that is, the increase in entropy of activation of thermal death per square unit concentration of the drug in the medium, was 35 times higher after pre-incubation at 25 degrees c than at 39 degrees c. this means that c. neoformans cells grown at lower temperatures were much more sensitive to the temperature-dependent fungicidal effect o ... | 1986 | 3517277 |
| ventriculoatrial shunt infection due to cryptococcus neoformans: an ultrastructural and quantitative microbiological study. | a 28-year-old man presented with hydrocephalus due to an infection by cryptococcus neoformans involving his ventriculoatrial shunt. ultrastructural studies of the ventriculoatrial shunt demonstrated yeastlike organisms consistent with c. neoformans within a biofilm on the appliance. quantitative microbiological studies of segments of the shunt demonstrated c. neoformans in a concentration gradient from 9 x 10(6) colony-forming units (cfu)/0.5-cm section involving the ventricular portion of the c ... | 1986 | 3517675 |
| mechanisms of synergistic interactions between amphotericin b and flucytosine. | | 1986 | 3519560 |
| genetic complementation in cryptococcus neoformans. | a complementation test was devised for the fungus cryptococcus neoformans. complementation was signalled by the growth of prototrophic heterokaryons generated in crosses of the type ab x ab, where a and b represent any two of the genetic markers ilv1, cys1, cys2, and cys3. the cloned complementing heterokaryons formed characteristic hyphal colonies that contained both hyphae and yeast cells. the heterokaryon-derived yeasts were of three kinds: parental haploids, recombinant haploids, and diploid ... | 1986 | 3519586 |
| an overview of macrophage-fungal interactions. | a review of the literature (148 references) on the interactions of fungi with polymorphonuclear cells, monocytes and macrophages is presented. the interactions of aspergillus species, coccidioides immitis, blastomyces dermatitidis, histoplasma capsulatum, cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans, and candida species with human and experimental animal derived immune cells are examined in this overview. an effort has been made to present the reader with a comprehensive list of references with the ... | 1986 | 3520327 |
| [cryptococcus neoformans in patients of a berlin lung clinic--a contribution to the diagnosis and control of cr. neoformans mycosis]. | | 1986 | 3520535 |
| canavanine resistance in cryptococcus neoformans. | all of the isolates of cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii which we tested were resistant to greater than or equal to 3.5 mm canavanine. all of the serotype d isolates and 28% of the serotype a isolates of c. neoformans var. neoformans tested were susceptible to less than or equal to 18 microm canavanine, whereas the remaining 72% of the serotype a isolates were as resistant as the c. neoformans gattii isolates. in the naturally resistant isolates, the mechanism of resistance appeared to be deco ... | 1986 | 3521488 |
| isolation of saprophytic cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans in kinshasa, zaïre. | | 1986 | 3521504 |
| [n-pyrazolyl-2-nitrobenzamides with antifungal activity]. | novel n-pyrazolyl-2-nitrobenzamides variously substituted on the pyrazole nucleus were prepared. the products obtained together with some other n-substituted 2-nitrobenzamides were tested for their antifungal activity against cryptococcus neoformans and candida albicans. the results of the antimicrobial assay showed different behaviours of the organisms used with regard to the derivatives tested. | 1986 | 3522271 |
| macrophage-mediated fungistasis: requirement for a macromolecular component in serum. | peritoneal macrophages from mycobacterium bovis- or toxoplasma gondii-infected mice cultured in vitro in dulbecco's medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (fbs) and endotoxin stopped replication of cryptococcus neoformans for 30 hr, whereas yeast cells cultured alone reproduced with a 3.0-hr doubling time. without at least 5% fbs, macrophage fungistasis was poor. fbs without macrophages enhanced the growth rate of cryptococci. macrophages preincubated in vitro for 24 hr without serum became fu ... | 1986 | 3522734 |
| cryptococcal infections in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | cryptococcus neoformans is a major pathogen in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and was found to infect 13.3 percent of such patients seen at two medical centers. serum cryptococcal antigen levels were as high as 1:2,000,000 and, despite therapy, often remained elevated. antigen titers in the cerebrospinal fluid generally declined at an expected rate in the survivors. the significance of high antigen titers in the blood after a prolonged course of therapy with amphotericin b and ... | 1986 | 3524224 |
| differentiation of cryptococcus neoformans serotypes by isoenzyme electrophoresis. | cryptococcus neoformans has been divided into four serotypes by specific agglutination in immune rabbit sera. based on mating characteristics of the perfect state and epidemiologic and biochemical differences, the serotypes have been divided into two major pairs. in an attempt to characterize the serotypes further, the authors studied 22 strains of c. neoformans by the technic of horizontal starch-gel isoenzyme electrophoresis. the glucose-phosphate isomerase and phosphoglucomutase of serotypes ... | 1986 | 3526861 |
| cryptococcosis involving the eye and central nervous system of a dog. | cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis was diagnosed as the cause of stupor and generalized seizures in a 2-year-old cocker spaniel. unilateral granulomatous chorioretinitis was observed ophthalmoscopically, and isolation of c neoformans from csf confirmed the antemortem diagnosis. the dog was euthanatized and necropsied. multifocal lesions were seen throughout the lungs, nasal turbinates, cerebral cortex, and the optic nerve of each eye. microscopically, the multifocal lesions were granulo ... | 1986 | 3528100 |
| influence of culture medium on susceptibility testing with bay n 7133 and ketoconazole. | the effect of four culture media (two complex and undefined [sabouraud glucose and kimmig] and two synthetic and defined [synthetic amino acid medium, fungal, and modified yeast nitrogen base]) on the activity in vitro of two newer azole compounds (bay n 7133 and ketoconazole) was assessed with five strains each of candida albicans, candida parapsilosis, and cryptococcus neoformans. also, the nutritional adequacy of the four media was evaluated with the same 15 strains of yeastlike fungi. while ... | 1986 | 3528213 |
| characterization and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of yeast-like organisms. | | 1986 | 3528467 |
| isolation of cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans in the aviaries of the antwerp zoological gardens. | | 1986 | 3528845 |
| poorly encapsulated cryptococcus neoformans from patients with aids. i: preliminary observations. | ten isolates of cryptococcus neoformans recovered from individual patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were studied in conjunction with three other isolates from non-aids patients. on primary culture nine out of ten of the aids isolates grew as nonmucoid, dry, pasty colonies resembling those produced by "diphtheroids." one isolate formed moist colonies. in contrast, the three non-aids cryptococcus neoformans isolates produced highly mucoid colonies. india ink mounts of pri ... | 1986 | 3530263 |
| poorly encapsulated cryptococcus neoformans from patients with aids. ii. correlation of capsule size observed directly in cerebrospinal fluid with that after animal passage. | cryptococcus neoformans recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of eight patients, seven with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-related complex (arc), were studied to assess the relationship between degree of encapsulation noted in fresh csf with that observed after animal passage. we further correlated encapsulation with extent of immunodeficiency in these patients. results of these studies showed poor encapsulation (mean capsule plus cell diameter less than 10 micron) ... | 1986 | 3530264 |
| localized cryptococcal osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent host. | | 1986 | 3532052 |
| the susceptibility of cryptococcus neoformans to an antimycotic agent (g2) from alfalfa. | compound g2, 2-beta-hydroxy-3-beta-o-(beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-delta 12-oleanene-23,28-dionic acid, isolated from alfalfa roots, demonstrated considerable activity against cryptococcus neoformans (mic value of 2 micrograms/ml). compound g2 exhibited rapid killing of this fungus (mfc value of 4 micrograms/ml) suggesting that it might be a useful active agent in the treatment of cryptococcosis. | 1986 | 3532631 |
| effect of medium composition on results of macrobroth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. | a total of 62 different clinical yeast isolates were examined for susceptibility to four antifungal agents, amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine (5-fc), ketoconazole, and miconazole, using synthetic amino acid medium-fungi (saam-f), buffered yeast nitrogen broth (bynb), kimmig broth, casein-yeast-glucose broth (cyg), antibiotic medium 3-fda (anti-3), and tryptic soy broth (tsb). a macrobroth dilution format was used with mics determined after incubation for 24 and 48 h. all analyses were performed i ... | 1986 | 3533974 |
| disseminated cryptococcosis presenting as cellulitis with necrotizing vasculitis. | patients with disseminated cryptococcosis infrequently present with cutaneous involvement. skin lesions, when present, are usually multiple and polymorphous in appearance. cellulitis caused by cryptococcus neoformans is rare, and necrotizing vasculitis associated with cryptococcal vascular invasion has not to our knowledge been reported. we report here a case of disseminated cryptococcosis in a renal transplant recipient who had cellulitis and necrotizing vasculitis and in whom a diagnostic skin ... | 1986 | 3533989 |
| strain variation in composition and molecular size of the capsular polysaccharide of cryptococcus neoformans serotype a. | the capsule of cryptococcus neoformans is an important virulence factor. in this investigation capsular polysaccharides (cpss) were isolated by ethanol precipitation from culture filtrates of c. neoformans serotype a strains 6, 15, 98, 110, and 145. capsule sizes on india ink examination ranged from barely perceptible (strain 15) to greater than the diameter of the yeast cell (strain 6); the others were intermediate in size. on ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose each cps eluted at 0.2 ... | 1986 | 3536746 |
| binding of purified and radioiodinated capsular polysaccharides from cryptococcus neoformans serotype a strains to capsule-free mutants. | strains 6, 15, 98, 110, and 145 of cryptococcus neoformans serotype a vary in capsule size, animal virulence, and susceptibility to in vitro phagocytosis. the isolated capsular polysaccharides (cpss) differ in monosaccharide composition ratios and molecular size, as determined by gel filtration. the purpose of this investigation was to characterize the binding of cpss to capsule-free mutants of c. neoformans and to examine cpss from these strains for differences in their ability to bind, to dete ... | 1986 | 3536747 |
| natural cellular resistance of beige mice against cryptococcus neoformans. | previous reports have demonstrated that natural killer (nk) cells are capable of inhibiting the growth of cryptococcus neoformans in vitro, and recent studies indicate that adoptively transferred nk cell-enriched spleen cell populations enhance clearance of cryptococci from the tissues of cyclophosphamide-pretreated recipients. the primary objective of these studies was to confirm that nk cells participate in early clearance of c. neoformans in vivo. secondarily, the anti-cryptococcal activities ... | 1986 | 3537121 |
| the variety of cryptococcus neoformans in patients with aids. | | 1986 | 3537151 |
| inhibition of complement by culture supernatants of aspergillus fumigatus. | aspergillus fumigatus produced a water-soluble extracellular material that inhibited the opsonization of fungal cells by normal human serum. blastospores of cryptococcus neoformans and conidia from a. fumigatus or aspergillus niger were used as fungal targets for ingestion by human monocytes. the opsonic inhibitor from a. fumigatus was found to decrease binding of complement component c3b to fungal surfaces by selectively interfering with activation of the alternative complement pathway. inhibit ... | 1986 | 3537152 |
| primary cutaneous cryptococcosis. | a 7-year-old boy, without apparent underlying disease, but with a non-specific failure in his cellular immunity, developed a cutaneous lesion on the left retroauricular area with spontaneous healing. mycologic study revealed cryptococcus neoformans, a capsule deficient strain, as the etiologic agent. | 1986 | 3540673 |
| in vivo and in vitro studies with an atypical, rhinotropic isolate of cryptococcus neoformans. | an atypical isolate of cryptococcus neoformans was investigated because of its consistent and reproducible production of gross nasal pathology following i.v. injection in swiss albino mice. dose response to graded concentrations ranging from 1 x 10(2)-1 x 10(7) cells/mouse yielded an ld50 of 1.4 x 10(3) cells/mouse for the atypical rhinotropic strain h140 which was significantly less virulent (p less than 0.01) than our reference strain of cryptococcus neoformans. there was no significant differ ... | 1986 | 3540675 |
| evaluation of a fluorescent method (fluorescein diacetate and ethidium bromide solution) in the study of the viability cryptococcus neoformans strains. | the effectiveness of the fluorescent viability test (fluorescein diacetate-fda and ethidium bromide-eb-solution) compared to the plaque counting test (miles & misra m & m) was performed on 10 samples of cryptococcus neoformans cultivated in sabouraud dextrose agar at 25 degrees c. the optimum incubation period of 50 minutes was determined. growth curves of the fungal strains studied based on the mean cell number were drawn for both the fda & eb and m & m methods. the statistical evaluation (stud ... | 1986 | 3540676 |
| advantage of fontana-masson stain in capsule-deficient cryptococcal infection. | we describe light and electron microscopic findings in three cases of pulmonary infection caused by capsule-deficient cryptococcus neoformans (cdcn) and emphasize the value of the fontana-masson silver (fms) stain in diagnosing cryptococcosis. capsule-deficient c neoformans infections, including coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, typical cryptococcosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, and pneumocystosis were used as controls. several stains including mucicarmine, alcian blue, and fms were done on t ... | 1987 | 3541845 |
| biochemical serogrouping of clinical isolates of cryptococcus neoformans. | three hundred twenty-three clinical isolates of cryptococcus neoformans of diverse geographic origins were biochemically serogrouped using glycine-cycloheximide-phenol red agar (gcp), the same medium less cycloheximide (gop), and glycine-l-canavanine bromothymol blue agar (cgb). twenty isolates gave positive reactions on all three media typical of the b and c serotypes. three were from the peoples' republic of china; three each were from michigan (two patients) and louisiana; two each were from ... | 1987 | 3545655 |
| production, characterization, and antibody specificity of a mouse monoclonal antibody reactive with cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide. | two monoclonal immunoglobulin g1 antibodies reacting with cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide (cnps) were produced in mice by using a carefully defined procedure for immunization with unmodified cnps purified from c. neoformans serotype a. since the antibodies were found to have the same pattern of specificity, only one of them (e1) is described. this anti-cnps monoclonal antibody reacted with the glucuronoxylomannan component of cnps but not with the constituent monosaccharides or w ... | 1987 | 3546139 |
| protection of mice against experimental cryptococcosis by anti-cryptococcus neoformans monoclonal antibody. | humoral immunity does not play a prominent role during experimental cryptococcosis. however, previous studies have shown that immunoglobulin g (igg) anti-cryptococcus neoformans antibodies can mediate cell-dependent yeast killing in vitro. therefore, the protective effect of a previously described monoclonal igg1 anti-c. neoformans antibody (e1) administered intraperitoneally 24 h before intravenous infection with a c. neoformans serotype a strain was evaluated in mice. heavily infected (3 x 10( ... | 1987 | 3546140 |
| cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in australia. | an examination of 45 clinical isolates of cryptococcus neoformans revealed an unusually high incidence of c. neoformans var. gattii in south australia (65%) and in the northern territory (95%). in assessing all the available data from australian isolates of c. neoformans, there appeared to be an endemic focus for the incidence of c. neoformans var. gattii in the rural aboriginal population of the northern territory. | 1987 | 3546370 |
| localized cutaneous cryptococcosis successfully treated with ketoconazole. | a 27-year-old female recipient of a renal allograft, treated with systemic steroids and azathioprine, developed progressive cutaneous lesions (an ulcer, a nodule, and an abscess). histopathologic and tissue-culture examination of the skin lesions led to the diagnosis of cutaneous cryptococcosis. a description of the light and electron microscopic features of the cutaneous lesions is reported. a thorough visceral investigation failed to detect systemic involvement. the patient was treated with or ... | 1987 | 3546413 |
| synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of n-triiodoallyl- and n-iodopropargylazoles. new antifungal agents. | new series of n-(2,3,3-triiodoallyl) and n-(3-iodopropargyl) azole derivatives (100 compounds) involving pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, and tetrazole nuclei were synthesized successively with the aid of quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) analysis to obtain potent antifungal agents. starting from the derivatives of nitropyrrole-containing antibiotics, the qsar analysis of the pyrrole derivatives against candida albicans and trichophyton mentagrophytes strains indicated t ... | 1987 | 3546691 |
| detection of cryptococcus neoformans in biopsy specimens from the spleen and the liver of aids patients: critical comments. | | 1986 | 3547121 |
| [formation of mucoid capsules in vitro by cryptococcus neoformans]. | | 1986 | 3547122 |
| experimental cryptococcosis: dissemination of cryptococcus neoformans and dermotropism in guinea-pigs. | | 1986 | 3547123 |
| cryptococcal peritonitis. report of a case and review of the literature. | cryptococcus neoformans is a rare cause of peritonitis; only four cases have been reported in the literature. a 63-year-old man in whom isolation of c. neoformans from ascitic fluid provided the initial clue to disseminated cryptococcosis is described. review of this case and those previously reported reveals striking association between cryptococcal peritonitis and hepatic disease. | 1987 | 3548351 |
| the genetics of medically important fungi. | the present review is concerned with recent progress in basic genetic investigations with a variety of fungi which are pathogenic for man and animals. the principles and strategies involved in undertaking genetic investigations of sexual species and of asexual species are discussed. progress in genetic analysis of cryptococcus neoformans made possible by the discovery of its sexual phase is described in detail, as is progress in development of parasexual methods of analysis in candida albicans. ... | 1987 | 3549159 |
| evaluation of soc for the presumptive identification of candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. | soc, a fungal growth medium composed of solryth, oxgall, and caffeic acid, was evaluated as a medium to provide rapid, differential identification of candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. using a variety of common isolation media to produce the yeast inocula, the germ tube methods tested ranked in the following order of decreasing sensitivity: soc (97% +/- 1), serum (92% +/- 5), rabbit coagulase plasma with edta in combination with tryptic soy broth (89% +/- 5), toc (89% +/- 6), and rabb ... | 1987 | 3550466 |
| sensitivity and specificity of a latex agglutination test for detection of cryptococcal antigen in meningitis. | a cryptococcal latex agglutination test (crypto-la; international biological laboratories, canbury, new jersey, usa) was evaluated for its ability to detect cryptococcal antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens obtained from black patients with a clinical diagnosis of meningitis. of the 445 gram-stained and bacterial culture-negative csf specimens routinely tested for cryptococcal antigen, 34 (7,6%) were positive. with the exception of 1 false-positive result, the remaining 33 specimens we ... | 1987 | 3551136 |
| [electron microscopy demonstration of the capsule of cryptococcus neoformans]. | | 1987 | 3553928 |
| cryptococcosis in kashmir. | | 1987 | 3553929 |
| description of a case of rhinosporidiosis in spain. | rhinosporidiosis is reviewed, and the first autochthonous case in spain is presented (site: in the nasal cavity of a 19-year-old male from a rural background). diagnosis was established morphologically after eliminating the possibilities of cryptococcus neoformans, coccidioides immitis, and chrysosporium crescens. clinico-pathological features are described. preparations were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, pas, and methenamine silver, and studied for fluorescence. certain aspects of the epidemi ... | 1987 | 3561472 |
| [laboratory and clinical study of intravenous miconazole]. | laboratory and clinical study was carried out on miconazole (mcz), a new synthetic imidazole. the antifungal activity of mcz was studied and expressed as mics for clinical isolates. the drug proved to have the highest activity against cryptococcus neoformans, with mics of no more than 0.16 micrograms/ml for all isolates of this species. mics of torulopsis glabrata were 0.08-5 micrograms/ml for all isolates and those of candida albicans and candida tropicalis were 5-20 micrograms/ml for more than ... | 1987 | 3599380 |
| cryptococcal infection of the spine. a case report. | osseous infection due to cryptococcus neoformans is rare. a case of paraplegia due to vertebral cryptococcal infection in a child is reported. | 1987 | 3603270 |
| cryptococcal tonsillitis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: an unusual manifestation of cryptococcal disease. | we present a case of chronic tonsillitis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. despite empiric radiation and antibiotic therapy, the patient's sore throat and tonsillar enlargement persisted. excisional biopsy of the involved tonsil revealed the presence of cryptococcus neoformans. blood cultures also yielded cryptococcus. specific antifungal therapy resulted in cure. to our knowledge, this is the first case report of cryptococcal infection of the tonsil. this case illustrates the pitf ... | 1987 | 3618590 |
| role of natural killer cells in resistance to cryptococcus neoformans infections in mice. | previous studies have suggested a possible role for natural killer (nk) cells in resistance to some fungal infections, including cryptococcus neoformans infections. the role of nk cells in early clearance of c neoformans from tissues and in long-term survival was studied in mice following intravenous inoculations of the organism. mice treated with anti-asialo gm1 antiserum to temporarily reduce nk activity demonstrated an increase in colony-forming units (cfu) of c neoformans in the lung 24 hour ... | 1987 | 3618730 |
| acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in brazil. necropsy findings. | according to the 15 autopsies performed at the department of pathological anatomy, escola paulista de medicina, são paulo, brazil, it was confirmed that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) occurs preferably in young homosexual males, who die in a short period of time of the disease, which leads to a consumptive state verified by cachexia of the cadavers. the most affected organs of this series were the lungs and encephalum, exactly the ones responsible for the immediate cause of death. in ... | 1987 | 3620018 |
| meningitis due to cryptococcus neoformans biovar gattii in a zairean aids patient. | | 1987 | 3622501 |
| [cryptococcoma of the adrenal gland]. | the case is described of a 49-year-old man who developed cryptococcal meningo-encephalitis ten months before his death. six months later complicating hydrocephalus occurred which required the implantation of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. a further four months later the patient, who was receiving anticoagulation therapy due to deep vein thrombosis, died from intraventricular cerebral haemorrhage. in a blood culture taken shortly before his death, growth of cryptococcus neoformans was detected. a ... | 1987 | 3659876 |
| cutaneous cryptococcal infection presenting as vulvar lesion. | a woman aged 60, who had been immunosuppressed since receiving a renal transplant 17 years before, developed a painless ulcerated lesion on her right labia majora. cryptococcus neoformans was demonstrated by culture and biopsy of the lesion. this is the first reported case of a genital skin lesion caused by c neoformans. | 1987 | 3679221 |
| cryptococcosis in a pup. | disseminated cryptococcosis was diagnosed as the cause of death of a 2-week-old pup. cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from the dam's vaginal discharge, but not from the dam's milk, blood, feces, or environment. during succeeding months, c neoformans was isolated repeatedly from the dam's vagina, even though vaginitis was not evident. one year after the death of the 2-week-old pup, cryptococci could not be isolated from the dam's vagina, and evidence of cryptococcosis was not detected in pups ... | 1987 | 3679958 |
| use of cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid concentration in the diagnosis of fungal meningitis. | a patient with a several year history of normal pressure hydrocephalus was found to have an infection owing to cryptococcus neoformans. cryptococcal infection was not suspected until typical cells were observed in a wright's stained smear of cerebrospinal fluid (csf). a review of past medical findings in this patient showed elevated csf values for lactic acid and protein. this case prompted us to review the use of lactic acid as an indicator of fungal meningitis and compare it to other more comm ... | 1987 | 3688826 |
| cryptococcal pneumonia in a patient with sickle cell disease. | we present the findings in a patient having sickle cell disease who developed multilobar pneumonia. cultures of bronchial aspirates and histologic specimens grew cryptococcus neoformans. there was neither spontaneous clearing of the infection nor a response to bactericidal antibiotics. the patient had no underlying malignant neoplasm or immunodeficiency as indicated by history, physical examination, and specialized tests of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. | 1986 | 3709257 |
| [disseminated cryptococcosis in 2 aids patients. a contribution to cryptococcosis diagnosis in aids]. | in two aids patients (homosexual men) microscopical demonstration of cryptococcus neoformans in samples obtained by puncture of the liver (n = 1) and additionally of the spleen (n = 1) led to the diagnosis of systemic cryptococcosis. using the india ink method capsulated cryptococcus neoformans cells could also be detected in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and urine. concomitant culture of the fungus from tracheal secretion, csf, urine and faeces confirmed the diagnosis of a disseminated infection; t ... | 1986 | 3720562 |
| [infections of the central nervous system in malignant hemopathies]. | central nervous system (cns) infections in immunocompromised hosts are often accompanied by subtle disorders because immunosuppression usually decreases the inflammatory response. cns infections in immunocompromised patients are usually caused by organisms different from those found in the general population. the organism causing cns infection in an immunocompromised host can often be predicted if the type of immune abnormality of the patient is known. the common causes of cns infection in immun ... | 1986 | 3726388 |
| bacteremia and fungemia in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) are known to have identifiable host defense deficiencies, especially deficiencies in cell-mediated immunity. they are at increased risk for developing infections of the bloodstream caused by cryptococcus neoformans and salmonella species. however, bacteremias caused by other enteric gram-negative rods and pseudomonas aeruginosa are found less frequently in patients with aids than in patients without aids (p less than 0.001 and p less than ... | 1986 | 3728378 |
| intraventricular therapy of cryptococcal meningitis via a subcutaneous reservoir. | intraventricular administration of amphotericin b for meningitis due to cryptococcus neoformans is usually reserved for selected, seriously ill patients with recurrent disease. between september 1973 and november 1983, 10 of 23 patients treated for cryptococcal meningitis at memorial sloan-kettering cancer center received intraventricular amphotericin b through subcutaneous reservoirs, in addition to systemic therapy. the value of intraventricular amphotericin b was assessed in the 13 patients t ... | 1986 | 3728551 |