| co-occurrence of type a and b trichothecenes and zearalenone in wheat grown in northern italy over the years 2009-2011. | the occurrence of the most widespread type a and b trichothecenes and of zearalenone was surveyed in soft and durum wheat produced in northern italy. a total of 293 wheat fields, grown in the years 2009-2011, were surveyed; for each field, weather and cropping system data were collected. the results indicated a high deoxynivalenol incidence, with durum always more contaminated than soft wheat; in 2010, the percentage of durum wheat samples exceeding the european commission legal limit was 39.6%. ... | 2014 | 24848161 |
| qualitative and quantitative determination of peptides related to celiac disease in mixtures derived from different methods of simulated gastrointestinal digestion of wheat products. | during wheat digestion, gluten-derived proteolytic resistant peptides are generated, some of them involved in celiac disease. in vitro digestion models able to mimic the peptides generated in the human gastrointestinal tract are extremely useful to assess the pathogenicity of wheat-derived products. in this paper, samples belonging to three different durum wheat varieties were taken at six different steps of the pasta production chain and two different digestion models present in the literature ... | 2014 | 24842402 |
| transport pathways--proton motive force interrelationship in durum wheat mitochondria. | in durum wheat mitochondria (dwm) the atp-inhibited plant mitochondrial potassium channel (pmitok(atp)) and the plant uncoupling protein (pucp) are able to strongly reduce the proton motive force (pmf) to control mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species; under these conditions, mitochondrial carriers lack the driving force for transport and should be inactive. however, unexpectedly, dwm uncoupling by pmitok(atp) neither impairs the exchange of adp for atp nor blocks the inward transpo ... | 2014 | 24821541 |
| chemical and functional properties of cassava starch, durum wheat semolina flour, and their blends. | high-quality cassava starch (hqcs) produced from high-yielding low-cyanide improved cassava variety, tms 30572, was mixed with durum wheat semolina (dws) on a replacement basis to produce flour samples containing 0, 20, 30, 50, 70, and 100% cassava starch. they were analyzed for chemical composition (proximate, amylose, free sugars, starch, wet gluten, and cyanide) and functional properties (pasting, swelling power, solubility, water absorption, water binding, starch damage, diastatic and α-amyl ... | 2014 | 24804071 |
| evaluation of the technological and sensory properties of durum wheat spaghetti enriched with different dietary fibres. | the incorporation of fibres, whether insoluble or soluble, in durum wheat pasta negatively impacts desirable end-use properties, especially if incorporated in significant amounts. fibres can disrupt the starch-protein matrix of the dough during pasta preparation and can also often swell more readily with water than starch, competing with the starch for water during dough development. similar degrees of substitution with different fibres gave markedly different impacts on firmness, stickiness, co ... | 2015 | 24798805 |
| variability in glutenin subunit composition of mediterranean durum wheat germplasm and its relationship with gluten strength. | the allelic composition at five glutenin loci was assessed by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1d sds-page) on a set of 155 landraces (from 21 mediterranean countries) and 18 representative modern varieties. gluten strength was determined by sds-sedimentation on samples grown under rainfed conditions during 3 years in north-eastern spain. one hundred and fourteen alleles/banding patterns were identified (25 at glu-1 and 89 at glu-2/glu-3 loci); 0·85 of ... | 2014 | 24791017 |
| genetic variation for the duration of pre-anthesis development in durum wheat and its interaction with vernalization treatment and photoperiod. | a recombinant inbred durum wheat population was grown under three contrasting regimes: long days following vernalization (ldv), long days without vernalization (ld), and short days following vernalization (sdv). the length of several pre-anthesis stages and the number of leaves and the phyllochron were measured. different groups of genes were involved in determining the phenology in the three treatments, as demonstrated by a quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis. the length of the period requi ... | 2014 | 24790112 |
| functional analysis of the durum wheat gene tdpip2;1 and its promoter region in response to abiotic stress in rice. | in a previous work, we demonstrated that expression of tdpip2;1 in xenopus oocytes resulted in an increase in pf compared to water injected oocytes. phenotypic analyses of transgenic tobacco plants expressing tdpip2;1 generated a tolerance phenotype towards drought and salinity stresses. to elucidate its stress tolerance mechanism at the transcriptional level, we isolated and characterized the promoter region of the tdpip2;1 gene. a 1060-bp genomic fragment upstream of the tdpip2;1 translated se ... | 2014 | 24704987 |
| accumulation of cytokinins in roots and their export to the shoots of durum wheat plants treated with the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (cccp). | cytokinin flow from roots to shoots can serve as a long-distance signal important for root-to-shoot communication. in the past, changes in cytokinin flow from roots to shoots have been mainly attributed to changes in the rate of synthesis or breakdown in the roots. the present research tested the possibility that active uptake of cytokinin by root cells may also influence its export to shoots. to this end, we collapsed the proton gradient across root membranes using the protonophore carbonyl cya ... | 2014 | 24692646 |
| inclusion of urea in a 59feedta solution stimulated leaf penetration and translocation of 59fe within wheat plants. | the role of urea in the translocation of (59) fe from (59) feedta-treated leaves was studied in durum wheat (triticum durum) grown for 2 weeks in nutrient solution and until grain maturation in soil culture. five-cm long tips of the first leaf of young wheat seedlings or flag leaves at the early milk stage were immersed twice daily for 10 s in (59) feedta solutions containing increasing amounts of urea (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8% w/v) over 5 days. in the experiment with young wheat seedlings, urea inc ... | 2014 | 24673110 |
| genetics of pre-harvest sprouting resistance in a cross of canadian adapted durum wheat genotypes. | severe losses attributable to pre-harvest sprouting (phs) have been reported in canada in recent years. the genetics of phs resistance have been more extensively studied in hexaploid wheat and generally not using combinations of elite agronomic parents. the objective of our research was to understand the genetic nature of phs resistance in an elite durum cross. a doubled haploid (dh) population and checks were phenotyped in replicated trials for grain yield and phs traits over 3 years in western ... | 2014 | 24659906 |
| a new "functional" pasta containing tartary buckwheat sprouts as an ingredient improves the oxidative status and normalizes some blood pressure parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats. | epidemiological studies have reported that some foods, particularly those rich in (poly)phenols, may reduce cardiovascular risk and metabolic disorders such as hypertension. buckwheat sprouts have been suggested as a new raw material for the production of functional foods due to their high content of healthy compounds such as rutin and quercetin. the aim of this paper is to evaluate the biological hypotensive and antioxidant responses of pasta containing tartary buckwheat sprouts (tbsp) on spont ... | 2014 | 24658587 |
| characterization of est-ssr markers in durum wheat est library and functional analysis of ssr-containing est fragments. | the goal of this study is to identify characterization of expressed sequence tag (est)-simple sequence repeats (ssr) markers from est library of durum wheat and functional analysis of ssr-containing est sequences for application in comparative genomics and breeding. 19,141 sequences were analyzed among which 18,937 ests were selected. consistent with misa results, 313 est-ssrs were yielded. the final est-ssrs were compared to the genbank non-redundant database using blastx and classified based o ... | 2014 | 24652471 |
| an asparagine residue at the n-terminus affects the maturation process of low molecular weight glutenin subunits of wheat endosperm. | wheat glutenin polymers are made up of two main subunit types, the high- (hmw-gs) and low- (lmw-gs) molecular weight subunits. these latter are represented by heterogeneous proteins. the most common, based on the first amino acid of the mature sequence, are known as lmw-m and lmw-s types. the mature sequences differ as a consequence of three extra amino acids (met-) at the n-terminus of lmw-m types. the nucleotide sequences of their encoding genes are, however, nearly identical, so that the rela ... | 2014 | 24629124 |
| disentangling homeologous contigs in allo-tetraploid assembly: application to durum wheat. | using next generation sequencing, snp discovery is relatively easy on diploid species and still hampered in polyploid species by the confusion due to homeology. we develop homeosplitter; a fast and effective solution to split original contigs obtained by rnaseq into two homeologous sequences. it uses the differential expression of the two homeologous genes in the rna. we verify that the new sequences are closer to the diploid progenitors of the allopolyploid species than the original contig. by ... | 2013 | 24564644 |
| subcellular localization and responses of superoxide dismutase isoforms in local wheat varieties subjected to continuous soil drought. | water is a key factor influencing the yield and quality of crops. one of the parameters of plant biological tolerance to constantly changing environmental conditions is the change of activities and numerous molecular forms of antioxidant enzymes. two durum (triticum durum desf.) wheat varieties contrasting for drought tolerance, such as barakatli-95 (drought tolerant) and garagylchyg-2 (drought sensitive) were grown over a wide area in the field. experiments were carried out to study the effect ... | 2014 | 24560039 |
| accelerated evolution of the mitochondrial genome in an alloplasmic line of durum wheat. | wheat is an excellent plant species for nuclear mitochondrial interaction studies due to availability of large collection of alloplasmic lines. these lines exhibit different vegetative and physiological properties than their parents. to investigate the level of sequence changes introduced into the mitochondrial genome under the alloplasmic condition, three mitochondrial genomes of the triticum-aegilops species were sequenced: 1) durum alloplasmic line with the ae. longissima cytoplasm that carri ... | 2014 | 24460856 |
| in vitro bioaccessibility of phenolics and vitamins from durum wheat aleurone fractions. | durum wheat aleurone, thanks to its nutrient-rich composition, might be of potential use as a functional ingredient in cereal-based foods provided nutrients can be made available for absorption. we evaluated the in vitro bioaccessibility of thiamine, niacin, and phenolic acids in different aleurone fractions obtained with an industrial processing aimed to obtain material of different composition and particle size. results indicate that the main phenolic compounds and vitamins investigated have a ... | 2014 | 24450764 |
| effect of durum wheat cultivars on physico-chemical and sensory properties of spaghetti. | mixtures of different cultivars provide semolina with proper processing properties but not always good nutritional properties. in this study, the effects of mono-varietal cultivars of durum wheat on pasta quality were evaluated in order to find a good balance between nutritional and sensory properties of the final product. | 2014 | 24338346 |
| proteomic study of a tolerant genotype of durum wheat under salt-stress conditions. | salinity is one of the major abiotic stress conditions limiting crop growth and productivity. duilio is a wheat genotype that shows tolerant behavior in both salt-stress and drought-stress conditions. toward better understanding of the biochemical response to salinity in this genotype of durum wheat, a comparative label-free shotgun proteomic analysis based on normalized spectral abundance factors was conducted on wheat leaf samples subjected to increasing salt-stress levels (100 and 200 mmol l( ... | 2014 | 24337188 |
| spaghetti from durum wheat: effect of drying conditions on heat damage, ultrastructure and in vitro digestibility. | the effects of low (lt) or high (ht) temperature drying on ultrastructural, molecular and in vitro digestibility properties of cooked spaghetti were studied. starch swelling and denaturation/aggregation of proteins occurring at diverse stages, lt or ht drying and cooking, resulted in different in vitro digestibility of spaghetti. for the first time, these differences were assessed in terms of the release of free aa and simple sugars. indeed, at the end of in vitro digestion, the total amount of ... | 2014 | 24295674 |
| different stress responsive strategies to drought and heat in two durum wheat cultivars with contrasting water use efficiency. | durum wheat often faces water scarcity and high temperatures, two events that usually occur simultaneously in the fields. here we report on the stress responsive strategy of two durum wheat cultivars, characterized by different water use efficiency, subjected to drought, heat and a combination of both stresses. | 2013 | 24267539 |
| agronomic selenium biofortification in triticum durum under mediterranean conditions: from grain to cooked pasta. | to improve the nutritional value of durum wheat and derived products, two foliar se fertilisers (sodium selenate and selenite) were tested at four rates (0-10-20-40gha(-1)) in 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 in southwestern spain. there was a strong and linear relationship between total se or selenomethionine (se-met) accumulation in grain and se dose for both fertilisers, although selenate was much more efficient. se-met was the main se species (≈90%) of the total se extracted from all materials. milli ... | 2014 | 24176357 |
| the role of nitrogen availability for the salt-tolerance of two different varieties of durum wheat. | salt stress tolerance of durum wheat was assessed in control and 200 and 300 mm nacl-exposed seed of two cultivars (bidiap4 and azizi). these salt treatments were accompanied by different levels of nitrate (ca(no3)2) added to the media (0.1, 3, 10 mm). the data showed that nacl stress increased na(+) and cl(-) contents and lowered k(+) and no3 (-) levels in seeds of bidiap4 cultivar. in azizi seeds exposed to nacl, na(+) and k(+) were highly accumulated while low levels of no3 (-) and cl(-) were ... | 2013 | 24145923 |
| combination of 2de and lc for plant proteomics analysis. | the use of analytical biochemical techniques with different separation properties allows us to better understand the proteome. to demonstrate this we have used two different methodologies to analyze embryos from a tunisian cultivar of durum wheat (triticum durum desf.), variety oum rabiaa. we compared conventional 2d electrophoresis with liquid-phase chromatography. our results show that a similar number of proteins were detected with both techniques. however, analysis of protein resolution at d ... | 2014 | 24136519 |
| stay-green trait-antioxidant status interrelationship in durum wheat (triticum durum) flag leaf during post-flowering. | three independent durum wheat mutant lines that show delayed leaf senescence or stay-green (sg) phenotype, sg196, sg310 and sg504, were compared to the parental genotype, cv. trinakria, with respect to the photosynthetic parameters and the cellular redox state of the flag leaf in the period from flowering to senescence. the sg mutants maintained their chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate for longer than trinakria, thus revealing a functional sg phenotype. they also showed a better red ... | 2014 | 23979009 |
| the uniqueness of the plant mitochondrial potassium channel. | the atp-inhibited plant mitochondrial k(+) channel (pmitokatp) was discovered about fifteen years ago in durum wheat mitochondria (dwm). pmitokatp catalyses the electrophoretic k(+) uniport through the inner mitochondrial membrane; moreover, the co-operation between pmitokatp and k(+)/h(+) antiporter allows such a great operation of a k(+) cycle to collapse mitochondrial membrane potential (δψ) and δph, thus impairing protonmotive force (δp). a possible physiological role of such δψ control is t ... | 2013 | 23977986 |
| gel-free proteomics reveal potential biomarkers of priming-induced salt tolerance in durum wheat. | seed priming has been successfully demonstrated to be an efficient method to improve crop productivity under stressful conditions. as a first step toward better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the priming-induced salt stress tolerance in durum wheat, and to overcome the limitations of the gel-based approach, a comparative gel-free proteomic analysis was conducted with durum wheat seed samples of varying vigor as generated by hydro- and ascorbate-priming treatments. results indicate th ... | 2013 | 23973468 |
| bioactive molecules and antioxidant activity in durum wheat grains and related millstream fractions. | the present study was performed to evaluate the distribution of phytochemicals in wheat grains and millstreams and the contribution of these compounds to the antioxidant activity. bioactive molecules, although related to genotype, were highly affected by the milling procedure applied. carotenoids were unevenly distributed in the kernel and lutein resulted to be the main carotenoid in all samples considered. the wsb method was confirmed to be a useful tool to detect yellow color intensity of semo ... | 2013 | 23944941 |
| population density and distribution of wheat bugs infesting durum wheat in sardinia, italy. | wheat is a very important crop in italy, and is infested by wheat bugs belonging to the genera eurygaster (hemiptera: scutellaridae) and aelia (hemiptera: pentatomidae). many wheat bug infestations have been reported in the north, south, and center of italy, both in the past as well as recently. the present study was carried out in sardinia, italy, during two years (2007 and 2008). the objective of this study was to determine the species and distribution of wheat bugs in durum wheat fields in sa ... | 2013 | 23906035 |
| foliar nickel application alleviates detrimental effects of glyphosate drift on yield and seed quality of wheat. | glyphosate drift to nontarget crops causes growth aberrations and yield losses. this herbicide can also interact with divalent nutrients and form poorly soluble complexes. the possibility of using nickel (ni), an essential divalent metal, for alleviating glyphosate drift damage to wheat was investigated in this study. effects of ni applications on various growth parameters, seed yield, and quality of durum wheat ( triticum durum ) treated with sublethal glyphosate at different developmental stag ... | 2013 | 23882996 |
| characterization and mapping of novel chlorophyll deficient mutant genes in durum wheat. | the yellow-green leaf mutant has a non-lethal chlorophyll-deficient mutation that can be exploited in photosynthesis and plant development research. a novel yellow-green mutant derived from triticum durum var. cappelli displays a yellow-green leaf color from the seedling stage to the mature stage. examination of the mutant chloroplasts with transmission electron microscopy revealed that the shape of chloroplast changed, grana stacks in the stroma were highly variable in size and disorganized. th ... | 2013 | 23853511 |
| dilatometric measurement of the partial molar volume of water sorbed to durum wheat flour. | moisture sorption isotherms were measured at 25 °c for untreated, dry-heated and pre-gelatinized durum wheat flour samples. the isotherms could be expressed by the guggenheim-anderson-de boer equation. the amount of water sorbed to the untreated flour was highest for low water activity, with water sorbed to the pre-gelatinized and dry-heated flour samples following. the dry-heated and pregelatinized flour samples exhibited the same dependence of the moisture content on the partial molar volume o ... | 2013 | 23832355 |
| modulatory effect of gliadin peptide 10-mer on epithelial intestinal caco-2 cell inflammatory response. | celiac disease (cd) is a chronic inflammatory enteropathy, triggered in genetically susceptible individuals by dietary gluten. gluten is able to elicit proliferation of specific t cells and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in the small intestine. in this study we investigated the possibility that p10-mer, a decapeptide from durum wheat (qqpqdavqpf), which was previously shown to prevent the activation of celiac peripheral lymphocytes, may exert an inhibitory effect on peptic-tryptic digested ... | 2013 | 23823806 |
| furosine as a pasta quality marker: evaluation by an innovative and fast chromatographic approach. | a fast and simple high-performance liquid chromatography method suitable for determining furosine level in heat-treated food samples was developed. the analysis of furosine was performed by a novel mixed-mode column that provides multiple and simultaneous retention mechanisms including cation-exchange, anion-exchange, reversed-phase, or hydrophilic interaction. each retention mechanism could be independently controlled by setting chromatographic conditions. adequate retention and selectivity of ... | 2013 | 23772758 |
| high-throughput genotyping of wheat-barley amphiploids utilising diversity array technology (dart). | hordeum chilense, a native south american diploid wild barley, is one of the species of the genus hordeum with a high potential for cereal breeding purposes, given its high crossability with other members of the triticeae tribe. hexaploid tritordeum (×tritordeum ascherson et graebner, 2n=6×=42, aabbh(ch)h(ch)) is the fertile amphiploid obtained after chromosome doubling of hybrids between hordeum chilense and durum wheat. approaches used in the improvement of this crop have included crosses with ... | 2013 | 23725040 |
| chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil from artemisia herba-alba growing wild in tunisia. | aromatic plants can interfere in the mediterranean ecosystem, mainly by the introduction in the environment of volatile compounds. for this reason, we studied the chemical composition and the possible phytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil extracted from leaves of tunisian artemisia herba-alba asso. the chemical composition of the essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by gc and gc-ms. in all, 24 compounds were identified. the main components were campho ... | 2013 | 23678823 |
| is floret primordia death triggered by floret development in durum wheat? | survival of floret primordia initiated seems critical for the determination of grain number and yield in wheat, and understanding what determines floret mortality would help in the development of more robust physiological models of yield determination. the growth of the juvenile spikes has been frequently considered the determinant of grain number, implying that floret development would depend on resource availability and that the onset of floret death would be related to spike growth. however, ... | 2013 | 23669574 |
| sequence-based snp genotyping in durum wheat. | marker development for marker-assisted selection in plant breeding is increasingly based on next-generation sequencing (ngs). however, marker development in crops with highly repetitive, complex genomes is still challenging. here we applied sequence-based genotyping (sbg), which couples aflp®-based complexity reduction to ngs, for de novo single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) marker discovery in and genotyping of a biparental durum wheat population. we identified 9983 putative snps in 6372 conti ... | 2013 | 23639032 |
| lc/ms analysis of proteolytic peptides in wheat extracts for determining the content of the allergen amylase/trypsin inhibitor cm3: influence of growing area and variety. | food allergy from wheat is triggered by several protein classes, such as ltps, ω5-gliadins and α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors. the latter proteins, belonging to the prolamin superfamily, are mostly involved in baker's asthma, a form of occupational allergy in which the sensitization occurs through the respiratory tract. α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors were also found to be involved in wheat-related atopic dermatitis. in this work, the allergen tri a 30 (the cm3 α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor) was quanti ... | 2013 | 23578625 |
| harvest index, a parameter conditioning responsiveness of wheat plants to elevated co2. | the expansion of the world's population requires the development of high production agriculture. for this purpose, it is essential to identify target points conditioning crop responsiveness to predicted [co2]. the aim of this study was to determine the relevance of ear sink strength in leaf protein and metabolomic profiles and its implications in photosynthetic activity and yield of durum wheat plants exposed to elevated [co2]. for this purpose, a genotype with high harvest index (hi) (triticum ... | 2013 | 23564953 |
| genetic diversity revealed by single nucleotide polymorphism markers in a worldwide germplasm collection of durum wheat. | evaluation of genetic diversity and genetic structure in crops has important implications for plant breeding programs and the conservation of genetic resources. newly developed single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers are effective in detecting genetic diversity. in the present study, a worldwide durum wheat collection consisting of 150 accessions was used. genetic diversity and genetic structure were investigated using 946 polymorphic snp markers covering the whole genome of tetraploid whea ... | 2013 | 23538839 |
| optimization of tadreb3 gene expression in transgenic barley using cold-inducible promoters. | constitutive over-expression of the tadreb3 gene in barley improved frost tolerance of transgenic plants at the vegetative stage of plant development, but leads to stunted phenotypes and 3- to 6-week delays in flowering compared to control plants. in this work, two cold-inducible promoters with contrasting properties, the wrky71 gene promoter from rice and the cor39 gene promoter from durum wheat, were applied to optimize expression of tadreb3. the aim of the work was to increase plant frost tol ... | 2013 | 23495849 |
| study of fungal colonization of wheat kernels in syria with a focus on fusarium species. | wheat is one of the main crops in mediterranean countries, and its cultivation has an important role in the syrian economy. in syria, fusarium head blight (fhb) has not been reported so far. mycological analysis of 48 samples of wheat kernels collected from cultivation areas with different climatic conditions were performed in 2009 and 2010. fungal isolates were identified at the genus level morphologically; fusarium species were characterized morphologically and by species-specific pcr. the mos ... | 2013 | 23493058 |
| chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil from calamintha nepeta plants from the wild in southern italy. | the chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of calamintha nepeta (l.) savi, collected in the campania region, was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc and gc-ms. in all, 42 compounds were identified. the oil was characterized by a prevalence of the sesquiterpenic fraction (80.8%). the main components were 1,10-di-epi-cubenol (18.5%), allo-aromadendrene epoxide (11.4%) and cadalene (5.7%). the essential oil was evaluated for its in vitro potential phytotoxic activi ... | 2013 | 23472480 |
| secretory phospholipases a2 in durum wheat (triticum durum desf.): gene expression, enzymatic activity, and relation to drought stress adaptation. | phospholipases a2 (pla2s) are known to mediate signaling cascades during plant growth and development, as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses. in this context, the present study provides extensive characterization of specific pla2s in durum wheat, and assesses their involvement in durum wheat response to drought stress. in durum wheat leaves, four full-length expressed sequences encoding putative pla2s were isolated and characterized as belonging to the class of secretory pla2s (spla2s): ... | 2013 | 23455473 |
| response of carotenoids and tocols of durum wheat in relation to water stress and sulfur fertilization. | lipophilic antioxidants are essential components of plant defense against stressful conditions. the response of carotenoids and tocols to water deficit and sulfur fertilization was investigated in durum wheat cultivars. the amounts of tocols and carotenoids were evaluated in both whole meal and semolina samples. differences among cultivars were observed. simeto cultivar showed a significant effect of water regime on whole meal and semolina carotenoids, with about 20% and 15% increase, respective ... | 2013 | 23425658 |
| comparative analysis of gluten proteins in three durum wheat cultivars by a proteomic approach. | the gluten protein composition and expression level influence dough properties and are cultivar and environment dependent. to broaden the knowledge of the durum wheat gluten proteome, three cultivars were compared in two different growing seasons by a proteomic approach. cultivar-specific and differentially expressed spots in the two years were identified by mass spectrometry. significant differences were observed among the cultivars: ofanto showed the lowest protein spot volumes in the high mol ... | 2013 | 23414385 |
| transcriptional and physiological changes in the s assimilation pathway due to single or combined s and fe deprivation in durum wheat (triticum durum l.) seedlings. | the effect of iron (fe) and sulphur (s) deprivation on sulphate uptake and assimilation pathways was investigated in durum wheat by analysing the expression of genes coding for major transporters and enzymes involved in sulphate assimilation and reduction: high-affinity sulphate transporters (tdsultr1.1 and tdsultr1.3), atp sulphurylase (tdatpsul1 and tdatpsul2), aps reductase (tdapr), sulphite reductase (tdsir), o-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (tdoastl1 and tdoastl2), and serine acetyltransferase (t ... | 2013 | 23390290 |
| the existence of phospholipase a(2) activity in plant mitochondria and its activation by hyperosmotic stress in durum wheat (triticum durum desf.). | the activity of mitochondrial phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) was shown for the first time in plants. it was observed in etiolated seedlings from durum wheat, barley, tomato, spelt and green seedlings of maize, but not in potato and topinambur tubers and lentil etiolated seedlings. this result was achieved by a novel spectrophotometric assay based on the coupled pla(2)/lipoxygenase reactions using 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine as substrate; the mitochondrial localisation w ... | 2013 | 23265322 |
| comparative response of δ13c, δ18o and δ15n in durum wheat exposed to salinity at the vegetative and reproductive stages. | this study compared the performance of the stable isotope composition of carbon (δ(13) c), oxygen (δ(18) o) and nitrogen (δ(15) n) by tracking plant response and genotypic variability of durum wheat to different salinity conditions. to that end, δ(13) c, δ(18) o and δ(15) n were analysed in dry matter (dm) and the water-soluble fraction (wsf) of leaves from plants exposed to salinity, either soon after plant emergence or at anthesis. the δ(13) c and δ(18) o of the wsf recorded the recent growing ... | 2013 | 23240790 |
| bacterial endophytes mediate positive feedback effects of early legume termination times on the yield of subsequent durum wheat crops. | field crops influence the biotic properties of the soil, impacting the health and productivity of subsequent crops. polymerase chain reaction and 454 gs flx pyrosequencing of amplicons were used to clarify the legacy of chickpea and pea crops on the quality of the bacterial community colonizing the root endosphere of subsequent crops of wheat, in a replicated field study. similar communities of root endosphere bacteria were formed in durum wheat grown after pea and chickpea crops when chickpea c ... | 2012 | 23210994 |
| floret development and grain setting differences between modern durum wheats under contrasting nitrogen availability. | wheat yield depends on the number of grains per square metre, which in turn is related to the number of fertile florets at anthesis. the dynamics of floret generation/degeneration were studied in contrasting conditions of nitrogen (n) and water availability of modern, well-adapted, durum wheats in order to understand further the bases for grain number determination. experiments were carried out during the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 growing seasons at lleida (ne spain). the first experiment involved ... | 2013 | 23162124 |
| physical mapping resources for large plant genomes: radiation hybrids for wheat d-genome progenitor aegilops tauschii. | development of a high quality reference sequence is a daunting task in crops like wheat with large (~17gb), highly repetitive (>80%) and polyploid genome. to achieve complete sequence assembly of such genomes, development of a high quality physical map is a necessary first step. however, due to the lack of recombination in certain regions of the chromosomes, genetic mapping, which uses recombination frequency to map marker loci, alone is not sufficient to develop high quality marker scaffolds fo ... | 2012 | 23127207 |
| optimisation of resistant starch ii and iii levels in durum wheat pasta to reduce in vitro digestibility while maintaining processing and sensory characteristics. | foods with elevated levels of resistant starch (rs) may have beneficial effects on human health. pasta was enriched with commercial resistant starches (rsii, hi maize™ 1043; rsiii, novelose 330™) at 10%, 20% and 50% substitution of semolina for rsii and 10% and 20% for rsiii and compared with pasta made from 100% durum wheat semolina to investigate technological, sensory, in vitro starch digestibility and structural properties. the resultant rs content of pasta increased from 1.9% to ∼21% and wa ... | 2013 | 23122168 |
| relationship between endosperm cells redox homeostasis and glutenin polymers assembly in developing durum wheat grain. | assembly of glutenin polymers was examined for two contrasted durum wheat cultivars in connection with changes in the redox status of the endosperm cells that accompanied grain development. the evolutions of the redox state of ascorbate and glutathione, as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes were measured. changes in the size distribution profile and redox state of storage proteins were evaluated, with particular emphasis on protein-bound glutathione (pssg). at the beginning of grain f ... | 2012 | 23031846 |
| effects of sodium alginate bead encapsulation on the storage stability of durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) bran oil extracted by supercritical co2. | the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of encapsulation on the storage stability of oil extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide from a micronized durum wheat bran fraction. wheat bran oil was encapsulated in 2% (w/v) sodium alginate beads. encapsulated and unencapsulated oil samples were stored at 4 or 25 °c, in daylight or darkness, over 90 days, and, at defined time points, subjected to stability evaluation based on fatty acid hydroperoxide production and tocopherol (α, β, an ... | 2012 | 23020127 |
| cutaneous hypersensitivity to gluten. | we enrolled 14 female patients (aged 12-60 years) affected by celiac disease (confirmed by duodenal biopsy), presenting dermatologic eczematous lesions involving their face, neck, and overall arms, after application of gluten-containing emollient cream, bath, or face powder, or after contact with foods containing wheat and durum wheat. five patients resulted positive to patch-by-patch with wheat and durum wheat (mild to moderate positivity) with erythema and vesicles, in correspondence of their ... | 2015 | 23010829 |
| the e3 ubiquitin ligase wvip2 highlights the versatility of protein ubiquitination. | plant cells regulate many cellular processes controlling the half-life of critical proteins through ubiquitination. previously, we characterized two interacting ring-type e3 ubiquitin ligases of triticum durum, tdrf1 and wvip2. we revealed their role in tolerance to dehydration, and existing knowledge about their partners also indicated their involvement in the regulation of some aspects of plant development. here we located wvip2 in the regulation of the aba signaling, based on sequence similar ... | 2012 | 22899050 |
| characterization of wheat dart markers: genetic and functional features. | diversity array technology (dart) markers are largely used for mapping, genetic diversity, and association mapping studies. for years, they have been used as anonymous genomic markers, as their sequences were not known. as the sequences of 2,000 wheat dart clones are now available, this study was designed to analyze these sequences with bioinformatic approaches, and to study the genetic features of a subset of 291 markers positioned on the a and b genomes in three durum wheat genetic maps. a set ... | 2012 | 22872451 |
| a high-density consensus map of a and b wheat genomes. | a durum wheat consensus linkage map was developed by combining segregation data from six mapping populations. all of the crosses were derived from durum wheat cultivars, except for one accession of t. ssp. dicoccoides. the consensus map was composed of 1,898 loci arranged into 27 linkage groups covering all 14 chromosomes. the length of the integrated map and the average marker distance were 3,058.6 and 1.6 cm, respectively. the order of the loci was generally in agreement with respect to the in ... | 2012 | 22872151 |
| quantitative genetic analysis and mapping of leaf angle in durum wheat. | the leaf erectness profile has been used to optimize plant architecture since erect leaves can enhance photosynthesis and dry matter production by greater sunlight capture. brassinosteroid is a recent class of phytohormones that has been related to a more erect profile. there are no reports in the literature of the genetic variability of leaf angle in doubled haploid durum wheat populations; most studies on leaf angle have focused on the inheritance. our aim was to study the genetic variation in ... | 2012 | 22868576 |
| quality, microstructure, biochemical and immunochemical characteristics of hypoallergenic pasta. | celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy, characterized by lifelong intolerance to gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. this study aims to develop hypoallergenic pasta using blends of triticum durum semolina, 40% of other non-wheat flours and additives. formulated pasta samples were evaluated for product quality characteristics and also subjected to biochemical analysis. results showed that cooking loss ranged from 6.9% to 7.4%, which were within the acceptable range of 8%. col ... | 2012 | 22859651 |
| application of near infrared spectroscopy technology for the detection of fungicide treatment on durum wheat samples. | the feasibility of near infrared spectroscopy to detect fungicide treatment on wheat samples was assessed. a total of 213 durum wheat samples from four different trial sites in andalusia (southern spain), with different agroclimatic conditions (soil, temperature, rainfall) were selected for been analyzed on vis+nir (400 nm-2500 nm) and nir (1100 nm-2500 nm). different mathematical pre-treatment on the signal (scatter correction and derivatives) were evaluated for their discrimination accuracies. ... | 2012 | 22841083 |
| cropping practices modulate the impact of glyphosate on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizosphere bacteria in agroecosystems of the semiarid prairie. | a growing body of evidence obtained from studies performed under controlled conditions suggests that glyphosate use can modify microbial community assemblages. however, few studies have examined the influence of glyphosate in agroecosystems. we examined 4 wheat-based production systems typical of the canadian prairie over 2 years to answer the following question: does preseeding of glyphosate impact soil rhizosphere microorganisms? if so, do cropping practices influence this impact? glyphosate c ... | 2012 | 22827807 |
| durum wheat in conventional and organic farming: yield amount and pasta quality in southern italy. | five durum wheat cultivars were grown in a mediterranean area (southern italy) under conventional and organic farming with the aim to evaluate agronomic, technological, sensory, and sanitary quality of grains and pasta. the cultivar matt produced the best pasta quality under conventional cropping system, while the quality parameters evaluated were unsatisfactory under organic farming. the cultivar saragolla showed the best yield amount and pasta quality in all the experimental conditions, thus p ... | 2012 | 22701377 |
| are ancient durum wheats less toxic to celiac patients? a study of α-gliadin from graziella ra and kamut. | in the present paper, the controversial hypothesis suggesting ancient grains might show lower immunogenic properties and therefore the possibility to introduce them in the diet of wheat-sensitive people, including celiac patients, was investigated. the immunogenic potential of the ancient durum wheats graziella ra and kamut was studied by comparison to the durum accessions cappelli, flaminio, grazia and svevo. experiments were carried out with two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against α-gl ... | 2012 | 22629212 |
| brassinosteroid leaf unrolling qtl mapping in durum wheat. | brassinosteroids are a newly reported class of plant growth phytohormones found in plants throughout the plant kingdom. functioning at very low concentrations, they play an essential role in improving biomass yield and stress tolerance. there are no reports in the literature of the genetic variability of responsiveness of brassinosteroids in wheat; most studies on brassinosteroids have focused on the physiological effects of exogenous addition of brassinosteroids. our aim was to study the geneti ... | 2012 | 22350765 |
| combined use of δ¹³c, δ18o and δ15n tracks nitrogen metabolism and genotypic adaptation of durum wheat to salinity and water deficit. | • accurate phenotyping remains a bottleneck in breeding for salinity and drought resistance. here the combined use of stable isotope compositions of carbon (δ¹³c), oxygen (δ¹⁸o) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵n) in dry matter is aimed at assessing genotypic responses of durum wheat under different combinations of these stresses. • two tolerant and two susceptible genotypes to salinity were grown under five combinations of salinity and irrigation regimes. plant biomass, δ¹³c, δ¹⁸o and δ¹⁵n, gas-exchange parame ... | 2012 | 22300532 |
| stable isotopes of cu and zn in higher plants: evidence for cu reduction at the root surface and two conceptual models for isotopic fractionation processes. | recent reports suggest that significant fractionation of stable metal isotopes occurs during biogeochemical cycling and that the uptake into higher plants is an important process. to test isotopic fractionation of copper (cu) and zinc (zn) during plant uptake and constrain its controls, we grew lettuce, tomato, rice and durum wheat under controlled conditions in nutrient solutions with variable metal speciation and iron (fe) supply. the results show that the fractionation patterns of these two m ... | 2012 | 22296233 |
| evaluation of efficacy and effect of application timing of a new herbicide, a.i. propoxy-carbazone + iodosulfuron + mefenpyr on triticum durum. | a study was performed from february to may 2010 by bioagritest according to eppo guidelines and principles of good experimental practice (gep), in the land of altamura (ba), in the core of murgia, apulia region (italy). the purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and effect of two different application times of the herbicide sit90 (propoxycarbazone + iodosulfuron + mefenpyr) on triticum durum for weeds' control. sit90 was applied alone or in combination with the herbicide dicuran (a.i. ... | 2012 | 23885415 |
| fractionation of triticale, wheat, barley, oats, canola, and mustard straws for the production of carbohydrates and lignins. | five cereal (triticale, durum wheat, cps wheat, feed barley, oats) and two oilseed (canola, mustard) straws were fractionated with pressurized low polarity water in a flow-through reactor at 165°c with a flow rate of 115ml/min and a solvent-to-solid ratio of 60ml/g. the conversion and extraction of the major carbohydrates and lignin from the reactor system during hydrothermal treatment was largely completed within the first 20-30min. glucan content of all straws were enriched by the process. mor ... | 2012 | 22197077 |
| identification of a protein network interacting with tdrf1, a wheat ring ubiquitin ligase with a protective role against cellular dehydration. | plants exploit ubiquitination to modulate the proteome with the final aim to ensure environmental adaptation and developmental plasticity. ubiquitination targets are specifically driven to degradation through the action of e3 ubiquitin ligases. genetic analyses have indicated wide functions of ubiquitination in plant life; nevertheless, despite the large number of predicted e3s, only a few of them have been characterized so far, and only a few ubiquitination targets are known. in this work, we c ... | 2012 | 22167118 |
| use of the electronic nose as a screening tool for the recognition of durum wheat naturally contaminated by deoxynivalenol: a preliminary approach. | fungal contamination and the presence of related toxins is a widespread problem. mycotoxin contamination has prompted many countries to establish appropriate tolerance levels. for instance, with the commission regulation (ec) n. 1881/2006, the european commission fixed the limits for the main mycotoxins (and other contaminants) in food. although valid analytical methods are being developed for regulatory purposes, a need exists for alternative screening methods that can detect mould and mycotoxi ... | 2011 | 22163882 |
| spatial associations of insects and mites in stored wheat. | the spatial association pattern of insect and mite populations in a steel bin containing stored wheat, triticum durum desf., in central greece, was studied using the spatial analysis by distance indices (sadie). the monitoring was carried out for 7 mo by using grain trier samples and probe traps. the most abundant insect species were cryptolestes ferrugineus (stephens) (coleoptera: laemophloeidae) and plodia interpunctella (hübner) (lepidoptera: pyralidae). for mites, the most abundant species w ... | 2011 | 22066207 |
| high molecular weight glutenin subunits in some durum wheat cultivars investigated by means of mass spectrometric techniques. | the primary structures of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) of 5 triticum durum desf. cultivars (simeto, svevo, duilio, bronte, and sant'agata), largely cultivated in the south of italy, and of 13 populations of the old spring sicilian durum wheat landrace timilia (triticum durum desf.) (accession nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, sg1, sg2, and sg3) were investigated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tofms) and reversed-p ... | 2011 | 21999292 |
| variation of heavy metal and micro and macro element concentrations of bread and durum wheats and their relationship in grain of turkish wheat cultivars. | the 64 varieties displayed a large variation for all mineral elements, investigated fe, mn and zn, ranging from 24.2 to 43.1 mg/kg, 27.6 to 64.8 mg/kg and 10.4 to 38.2 mg/kg, respectively. the mean ca, k, mg, na, p and s concentrations in wheat rain varieties amounted to 378, 4,266, 1,183, 317, 3,513 and 1,542 mg/kg, respectively. ca, k, mg, na, p and s contents of wheat varieties changed at the levels between 266 and 531 mg/kg, 3,029 and 5,566 mg/kg, 972 and 1,525 mg/kg, 277 and 368 mg/kg, 2,42 ... | 2012 | 21947929 |
| catalogue of alleles of gliadin-coding loci in durum wheat (triticum durum desf.). | gliadins are seed storage proteins which are characterized by high intervarietal polymorphism and can be used as genetic markers. as a result of our work, a considerably extended catalogue of allelic variants of gliadin component blocks was compiled for durum wheat; 74 allelic variants for four gliadin-coding loci were identified for the first time. the extended catalogue includes a total of 131 allelic variants: 16 for locus gli-a1(d), 19 for locus gli-b1(d), 41 for locus gli-a2(d), and 55 for ... | 2012 | 21946233 |
| molecular cytogenetic characterization of a new wheat secale africanum 2r(a)(2d) substitution line for resistance to stripe rust. | a stable, highly fertile wheat secale africanum substitution line lf24, derived from the f7 generation of a cross between mianyang11 (my11) and triticum durum, s. africanum amphiploid (yf) was identified through molecular cytogenetic analysis. application of c-banding, in situ hybridization and molecular markers analysis showed that lf24 was a wheat s. africanum 2r(a)(2d) substitution line. when inoculated with stripe rust isolates, t. durum and my11 were highly susceptible, while s. africanum, ... | 2011 | 21869476 |
| rapid changes in leaf elongation, aba and water status during the recovery phase following application of water stress in two durum wheat varieties differing in drought tolerance. | this study aims to investigate the role of abscisic acid (aba) in water potential and turgor variations as well as growth recovery during the first phase of a rapid water stress induced by peg6000. two wheat varieties (triticum durum l.), mbb (more tolerant) and oz (less productive under drought), were grown in aerated nutrient solutions. leaf elongation kinetics of the growing leaf 3 was estimated using lvdt. water potential was measured using a pressure chamber; osmotic potential was estimated ... | 2011 | 21868244 |
| potassium channel-oxidative phosphorylation relationship in durum wheat mitochondria from control and hyperosmotic-stressed seedlings. | durum wheat mitochondria (dwm) possess an atp-inhibited k(+) channel, the plant mitok(atp) (pmitok(atp) ), which is activated under environmental stress to control mitochondrial ros production. to do this, pmitok(atp) collapses membrane potential (δψ), thus suggesting mitochondrial uncoupling. we tested this point by studying oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) in dwm purified from control seedlings and from seedlings subjected both to severe mannitol and nacl stress. in severely-stressed dwm, th ... | 2011 | 21819416 |
| determination of ochratoxin a in wheat after clean-up through a dna aptamer-based solid phase extraction column. | a dna aptamer with high affinity and specificity to ochratoxin a (ota) was conjugated to a coupling gel and used as sorbent for the preparation of solid phase extraction (spe) columns. the spe columns packed with 300μl oligosorbent (24nmol dna) showed a linear (r=0.999) behaviour in the range of 0.4-500ng ota. after optimisation of the extraction step, spe columns were used for clean-up of ota from wheat prior to liquid chromatographic (hplc) analysis with fluorescence detection (fld). average r ... | 2011 | 25214141 |
| the glutamine synthetase (gs2) genes in relation to grain protein content of durum wheat. | glutamine synthetase (gs2) is a key enzyme in plant nitrogen metabolism responsible of the first step of ammonium assimilation and transformation into glutamine (an essential compound in the amino acid-biosynthetic pathway). the goal of the present study was to isolate and characterize gs2 genes and to assess the linkage with grain protein content (gpc), an important quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. here, we report the isolation of the complete glutamine synthetase gene sequences ... | 2011 | 21755355 |
| the scutellar vascular bundle-specific promoter of the wheat hd-zip iv transcription factor shows similar spatial and temporal activity in transgenic wheat, barley and rice. | an hd-zip iv gene from wheat, tagl9, was isolated using a y1h screen of a cdna library prepared from developing wheat grain. tagl9 has an amino acid sequence distinct from other reported members of the hd-zip iv family. the 3' untranslated region of tagl9 was used as a probe to isolate a genomic clone of the tagl9 homologue from a bac library prepared from triticum durum l. cv. langdon. the full-length gene containing a 3-kb-long promoter region was designated tdgl9h1. spatial and temporal activ ... | 2012 | 21689369 |
| characterization of α/β- and γ-gliadins in commercial varieties and breeding lines of durum wheat using maldi-tof and a-page gels. | in this work, gliadin composition has been analyzed in 33 accessions of durum wheat using maldi-tof ms and compared with a-page results. the maldi-tof ms spectra were 29,900-42,500 da, which corresponds to the α/β- and γ-gliadin regions in a-page. the average of gliadin peaks per line was 23 for maldi-tof ms and only 14.8 bands for a-page. maldi-tof ms identified 33 gliadin peaks in the durum wheat collection, 20 of which were unique peaks present in 7 lines. a-page analysis identified 30 bands, ... | 2011 | 21660455 |
| development of a combined sem and icp-ms approach for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of metal nano and microparticles in food products [corrected]. | an integrated approach based on the use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms) and scanning electron microscopy (sem) for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of metal particles in foods was devised and validated. different raw materials and food products, like wheat, durum wheat, wheat flour, semolina, cookies, and pasta were considered. attention was paid to the development of sample treatment protocols for each type of sample to avoid potential artifacts such as aggrega ... | 2011 | 21660413 |
| development and in-house validation of a robust and sensitive solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative determination of aflatoxins b1, b2, g1, g2, ochratoxin a, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, t-2 and ht-2 toxins in cereal-based foods. | a sensitive and robust liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (lc/ms/ms) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins (b(1), b(2), g(1), g(2)), ochratoxin a, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, t-2 and ht-2 toxins in cereal-based foods. samples were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile/water (84:16, v/v) and cleaned up through a polymeric solid-phase extraction column. detection and quantification of the nine mycotoxins were performed by reversed-phase liquid chroma ... | 2011 | 21638363 |
| high-throughput snp discovery and genotyping in durum wheat (triticum durum desf.). | we describe the application of complexity reduction of polymorphic sequences (crops(®)) technology for the discovery of snp markers in tetraploid durum wheat (triticum durum desf.). a next-generation sequencing experiment was carried out on reduced representation libraries obtained from four durum cultivars. snp validation and minor allele frequency (maf) estimate were carried out on a panel of 12 cultivars, and the feasibility of genotyping these snps in segregating populations was tested using ... | 2011 | 21611761 |
| analysis of ingredient functionality and formulation optimization of pasta supplemented with peanut flour. | the working peanut pasta formulation range determined from a previous study was used to determine the effects of varying ingredient quantities and processing conditions on the pasta's quality and consumer acceptance. the variables studied were percent peanut flour substituted for durum wheat flour (30%, 40%, and 50%), amount of carrageenan (2.4%, 2.65%, and 2.9%), and drying temperature (60, 74, and 88 °c) on the final cooked pasta quality. properties measured include color, texture, moisture co ... | 2016 | 21535674 |
| mapping of main and epistatic effect qtls associated to grain protein and gluten strength using a ril population of durum wheat. | quality, specifically protein content and gluten strength are among the main objectives of a durum wheat breeding program. the aim of this work was to validate quantitative trait loci (qtls) associated with grain protein content (gpc) and gluten strength measured by sds sedimentation volume (sv) and to find additional qtls expressed in argentinean environments. also, epistatic qtl and qtl x environmental interactions were analyzed. a mapping population of 93 rils derived from the cross uc1113 x ... | 2011 | 21523429 |
| does ear c sink strength contribute to overcoming photosynthetic acclimation of wheat plants exposed to elevated co2? | wheat plants (triticum durum desf., cv. regallo) were grown in the field to study the effects of contrasting [co(2)] conditions (700 versus 370 μmol mol(-1)) on growth, photosynthetic performance, and c management during the post-anthesis period. the aim was to test whether a restricted capacity of sink organs to utilize photosynthates drives a loss of photosynthetic capacity in elevated co(2). the ambient (13)c/(12)c isotopic composition (δ(13)c) of air co(2) was changed from -10.2‰ in ambient ... | 2011 | 21511906 |
| amylose content and starch properties in emmer and durum wheat lines with different waxy proteins composition. | emmer wheat is a neglected crop that can be used in the breeding of modern durum wheat for quality. one important aspect of this quality is the starch composition, which is related to the waxy proteins. a collection of emmer wheat was analysed previously for waxy protein composition, and two new wx-b1 alleles were found by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and dna sequencing analysis. it is necessary to analyse the effect of these alleles in starch properties and compare ... | 2011 | 21445866 |
| changes in duration of developmental phases of durum wheat caused by breeding in spain and italy during the 20th century and its impact on yield. | although the apical development of wheat has been widely described, studies analysing how genetic breeding over the 20th century influenced the developmental phases and its consequences on yield generation are lacking, especially for durum wheat under field conditions in mediterranean environments. the aims of this study were to analyse the effects of breeding in spain and italy on crop development during the last century, to determine whether or not breeding significantly altered the developmen ... | 2011 | 21444337 |
| accelerated hydrolysis method to estimate the amino acid content of wheat (triticum durum desf.) flour using microwave irradiation. | the technique of microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis was applied to wholegrain wheat (triticum durum desf. cv. balcali 2000) flour in order to speed the preparation of samples for analysis. the resultant hydrolysates were chromatographed and quantified in an automated amino acid analyzer. the effect of different hydrolysis temperatures, times and sample weights was examined using flour dispersed in 6 n hcl. within the range of values tested, the highest amino acid recoveries were generally obtain ... | 2011 | 21375298 |
| bioaccessibility of carotenoids and vitamin e from pasta: evaluation of an in vitro digestion model. | the present investigation aimed to expand the knowledge of bioaccessibility of carotenoids, tocopherols, and tocotrienols from cereal products such as pasta. because most of the published approaches assessing the bioaccessibility of lipophilic micronutrients dealt with fruits and vegetables, a prevalent in vitro digestion procedure was modified. additionally, several digestion parameters were evaluated with regard to their impact on the bioaccessibility of carotenoids and vitamin e from pasta. o ... | 2011 | 21275433 |
| atp-sensitive cation-channel in wheat (triticum durum desf.): identification and characterization of a plant mitochondrial channel by patch-clamp. | indirect evidence points to the presence of k(+) channels in plant mitochondria. in the present study, we report the results of the first patch clamp experiments on plant mitochondria. single-channel recordings in 150 mm potassium gluconate have allowed the biophysical characterization of a channel with a conductance of 150 ps in the inner mitochondrial membrane of mitoplasts obtained from wheat (triticum durum desf.). the channel displayed sharp voltage sensitivity, permeability to potassium an ... | 2010 | 21220928 |
| preparation and characterization of durum wheat (triticum durum) straw cellulose nanofibers by electrospinning. | cellulose nanofibers from durum wheat straw ( triticum durum ) were produced and characterized to study their potential as reinforcement fibers in biocomposites. cellulose was isolated from wheat straw by chemical treatment. nanofibers were produced via an electrospinning method using trifluoroacetic acid (tfa) as the solvent. the nanofibers were 270 ± 97 nm in diameter. analysis of the ft-ir spectra demonstrated that the chemical treatment of the wheat straw removed hemicellulose and lignin. xr ... | 2011 | 21207978 |
| geographical origin of durum wheat studied by 1h-nmr profiling. | (1)h-nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy was used to detect metabolic profiles of wheat flour samples of different geographical and botanical origin. the nmr profiles were analyzed by multivariate statistical techniques in order to establish the origin of the samples. a linear model, able to discriminate among three different locations, was built achieving a prediction level of about 80% of correctly assigned samples. the principal classes of compounds responsible for the geographic or ... | 2011 | 21162134 |
| insight into durum wheat lpx-b1: a small gene family coding for the lipoxygenase responsible for carotenoid bleaching in mature grains. | the yellow colour of pasta products is one of the main criteria used by consumers to assess pasta quality. this character is due to the presence of carotenoid pigments in semolina. during pasta processing, oxidative degradation of carotenoid pigments occurs mainly due to lipoxygenase (lox). in durum wheat (triticum durum desf.), two lpx-1 genes have been identified on chromosome 4b, lpx-b1.1 and lpx-b1.2, and evidences have been reported that the deletion of lpx-b1.1 is associated with a strong ... | 2010 | 21110856 |
| ttd1a promoter is involved in dna-protein binding by salt and light stresses. | stress modulation of retrotransposons may play a role in generating host genetic plasticity in response to environmental stress. transposable elements have been suggested to contribute to the evolution of genes, by providing cis-regulatory elements leading to changes in expression patterns. indeed, their promoter elements are similar to those of plant defence genes and may bind similar defence-induced transcription factors. we previously isolated a new ty1-copia retrontrasposon named ttd1a and s ... | 2011 | 21104438 |