| effects of the isoflavone 4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone (genistein) on psoralen plus ultraviolet a radiation (puva)-induced photodamage. | long-term psoralen plus ultraviolet a radiation (puva) therapy is associated with an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. genistein (4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone), a major isoflavone in soybeans and a specific inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase, has been shown to inhibit uvb induced skin carcinogenesis in hairless mice. for this study we examined the protective effects of topical genistein on puva-induced photodamage. in two separate experiments, genistein in a dime ... | 2002 | 11872639 |
| regional and processor variation in the ileal digestible amino acid content of soybean meals measured in growing swine. | to assess differences in soybean meal quality related to region of production, researchers in illinois, kansas, north carolina, the netherlands, and ohio collected four soybean meal samples processed locally at least 15 d apart. these samples were assayed for ileal amino acid digestibility by pigs using a common soybean meal and a soy protein concentrate as references, and a low-protein casein diet for determination of endogenous amino acid losses. digestibility was determined at each university ... | 2002 | 11883431 |
| soybean meal from roundup ready or conventional soybeans in diets for growing-finishing swine. | dehulled soybean meal prepared from genetically modified, herbicide (glyphosate)-tolerant roundup ready soybeans containing the cp4 epsps protein and near-isogenic conventional soybeans were assessed in an experiment with growing-finishing pigs. the soybeans were grown in the yr 2000 under similar agronomic conditions except that the roundup ready soybeans were sprayed with roundup herbicide. both were processed at the same plant. the composition of the two types of soybeans and the processed so ... | 2002 | 11890406 |
| temperature-induced extended helix/random coil transitions in a group 1 late embryogenesis-abundant protein from soybean. | group 1 late embryogenesis-abundant (lea) proteins are a subset of hydrophilins that are postulated to play important roles in protecting plant macromolecules from damage during freezing, desiccation, or osmotic stress. to better understand the putative functional roles of group 1 lea proteins, we analyzed the structure of a group 1 lea protein from soybean (glycine max). differential scanning calorimetry of the purified, recombinant protein demonstrated that the protein assumed a largely unstru ... | 2002 | 11891239 |
| nitrous oxide and ammonia fluxes in a soybean field irrigated with swine effluent. | in the united states, swine (sus scrofa) operations produce more than 14 tg of manure each year. about 30% of this manure is stored in anaerobic lagoons before application to land. while land application of manure supplies nutrients for crop production, it may lead to gaseous emissions of ammonia (nh3) and nitrous oxide (n2o). our objectives were to quantify gaseous fluxes of nh3 and n2o from effluent applications under field conditions. three applications of swine effluent were applied to soybe ... | 2002 | 11931443 |
| availability of vitamin b6 from different food sources. | the present study was conducted to investigate the precaecal digestibility of vitamin b6 from selected food sources including eggs, bananas, white cabbage, corn, milk powder, fish, barley, soybeans, brown rice, wheat bran, brewer's yeast, rye and soybean meal. these foods were chosen for their relevance in human and animal nutrition and prepared as they are usually eaten by humans. as confirmed by further investigations the precaecal digestibility is a valuable measure for determining the availa ... | 2002 | 11939111 |
| feeding fish meal and extruded soybeans enhances the conjugated linoleic acid (cla) content of milk. | twelve multiparous holstein cows averaging 65 (33 to 122) dim were used in a 4 x 4 latin square for 4-wk periods to determine whether feeding fish oil as fish meal would stimulate increased amounts of milk conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 c18:2; cla) and transvaccenic acid (trans-11 c18:1; tva) when the cows were fed extruded soybeans to supply additional linoleic acid. treatment diets were 1) control; 2) 0.5% fish oil from fish meal; 3) 2.5% soybean oil from extruded soybeans; and 4) 0 ... | 2002 | 11949867 |
| characterization of isoflavones and their conjugates in female rat urine using lc/ms/ms. | isoflavone phytoestrogens found in soybeans are the most widely studied phytochemicals in human diets and soy infant formulas. the health benefits of the isoflavones daidzein and genistein have been reported, and concerns about potential adverse effects have also been raised. however, the results of direct analysis of isoflavones and their metabolites in biological fluids after consumption of soy-containing diets are scarce. this study describes an lc/ms/ms method for the analysis of isoflavones ... | 2002 | 11958644 |
| difference in delta(15)n signatures between nodulated roots and shoots of soybean is indicative of the contribution of symbiotic n(2) fixation to plant n. | symbiotic n(2) fixation has a variable effect on the (15)n abundance of different parts of legumes. increases in fixation result in (15)n enrichment of nodules, while decreases, in combination with an increased uptake of mineral n, result in (15)n depletion of the root system. the difference between soybean shoot and below-ground delta(15)n (deltadelta(15)n=delta(15)n(shoot)-delta(15)n(belowground)) was assessed in hydroponic culture over a range of rates of supply of mineral n. the fractional c ... | 2002 | 11971922 |
| effects of different fibre sources and fat addition on cholesterol and cholesterol-related lipids in blood serum, bile and body tissues of growing pigs. | knowledge is limited on the efficacy of hindgut-fermentable dietary fibre to reduce blood, bile and body tissue cholesterol levels. in three experiments with growing pigs the effects of different kinds and levels of bacterially fermentable fibre (bfs) on cholesterol metabolism were examined. various diets calculated to have similar contents of metabolizable energy were supplied for complete fattening periods. in the first experiment, a stepwise increase from 12 to 20% bfs was performed by supple ... | 2002 | 11972674 |
| isolation of plant-growth-promoting bacillus strains from soybean root nodules. | endophytic bacteria reside within plant tissues and have often been found to promote plant growth. fourteen strains of putative endophytic bacteria, not including endosymbiotic bradyrhizobium strains, were isolated from surface-sterilized soybean (glycine max. (l.) merr.) root nodules. these isolates were designated as non-bradyrhizobium endophytic bacteria (neb). three isolates (neb4, neb5, and neb17) were found to increase soybean weight when plants were co-inoculated with one of the isolates ... | 2002 | 11989767 |
| effect of extruded full-fat soybeans on conjugated linoleic acid content of intramuscular, intermuscular, and subcutaneous fat in beef steers. | crossbred angus steers (n = 30) were used to determine whether the conjugated linoleic acid (cla) content of beef fat could be increased by feeding varying levels of extruded full-fat soybeans as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for rumen biohydrogenation. diets were as follows: 1) control, 2) 12.7% extruded full-fat soybeans (lesb), and 3) 25.6% extruded full-fat soybeans (he sb). steers were individually housed and fed the diets for 111 d during the finishing period. over the experiment ... | 2002 | 12002322 |
| peroxyl radical-trapping capacity of germinated legume seeds. | the legume seeds of lentil (lens culinaris), vetch (vicia sativa) and soybean (glycine max, cv. mazowia) were germinated in the dark at a constant temperature of 25 degrees c up to 168 h (24 h x 7 d). the changes in peroxyl radical-trapping capacity (prtc) of the processed seeds were measured and compared to those of the raw seeds. a simple method of determining the peroxyl radical-trapping capacity based on the use of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidopropane) hydrochloride (abap) decomposition as a free radi ... | 2002 | 12017985 |
| current understanding of cross-reactivity of food allergens and pollen. | pollen-allergic patients frequently present allergic symptoms after ingestion of several kinds of plant-derived foods. the majority of these reactions is caused by four distinct cross-reactive structures that are present in birch pollen. proteins that share common epitopes with bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, occur in pollens of several tree species: apples, stone fruits, celery, carrot, nuts, and soybeans. approximately 70% of our patients who are allergic to birch pollen may experien ... | 2002 | 12023194 |
| the specificity of lipoxygenase-catalyzed lipid peroxidation and the effects of radical-scavenging antioxidants. | the oxidation of low density lipoprotein (ldl) by lipoxygenase has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. it has been known that lipoxygenase-mediated lipid peroxidation proceeds in general via regio-, stereo- and enantio-specific mechanisms, but that it is sometimes accompanied by a share of random hydroperoxides as side reaction products. in this study we investigated the oxidation of various substrates (linoleic acid, methyl linoleate, phosphatidylcholine, isolated ldl, and h ... | 2002 | 12033451 |
| mapping tightly linked genes controlling potyvirus infection at the rsv1 and rpv1 region in soybean. | soybean mosaic virus (smv) and peanut mottle virus (pmv) are two potyviruses that cause yield losses and reduce seed quality in infested soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) fields throughout the world. rsv1 and rpv1 are genes that provide soybean with resistance to smv and pmv, respectively. isolating and characterizing rsv1 and rpv1 are instrumental in providing insight into the molecular mechanism of potyvirus recognition in soybean. a population of 1056 f2 individuals from a cross between smv- a ... | 2002 | 12033629 |
| inhibitory effect of natto, a kind of fermented soybeans, on ldl oxidation in vitro. | the oxygen radical scavenging activity of natto (fermented soybeans) and its inhibitory effect on the oxidation of rat plasma low-density lipoprotein (ldl) in vitro were investigated to evaluate the usefulness of the antioxidant properties of natto, which has been shown to have antioxidant activity. natto was separated into three water-soluble fractions: high-molecular-weight viscous substance (hmwvs; mw > 100 000), low-molecular-weight viscous substance (lmwvs; mw < 100 000), and soybean water ... | 2002 | 12033834 |
| antioxidative functions of natto, a kind of fermented soybeans: effect on ldl oxidation and lipid metabolism in cholesterol-fed rats. | natto water-soluble fractions, low-molecular-weight viscous substance, and soybean water extract, which had an inhibitory effect on the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (ldl) in vitro, were fed to rats for 3 weeks. these fractions had no influence on the growth of rats, which were fed a basal diet containing 1% cholesterol, but lowered plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol. inhibition of copper-oxidation of plasma and ldl ex vivo, and a reduction in lipid peroxidation in liver and aorta ... | 2002 | 12033835 |
| genetically engineered foods: implications for food allergy. | the products of agricultural biotechnology, including such common foods as corn and soybeans, are already reaching the consumer marketplace. consumer exposure to such foods is already fairly significant, particularly in the usa. thus far, no reports exist regarding allergic reactions to the crops that have been approved for introduction into the food supply. these crops have been modified to only a minor extent by comparison with their traditional counterparts, and the level of expression of new ... | 2002 | 12045422 |
| identification and characterization of a soybean ethylene-responsive element-binding protein gene whose mrna expression changes during soybean cyst nematode infection. | ethylene-responsive element-binding proteins (erebps) are members of a family of plant transcription factors. conserved erebp domains of these proteins bind to the gcc box, an ethylene-responsive promoter element found in many pathogenesis-related (pr) genes. using degenerate primers to the erebp domain from diverse plant species, an erebp homolog was isolated from a soybean cdna library. gel mobility-shift assays revealed that the translation product of this cdna bound specifically to gcc box s ... | 2002 | 12059106 |
| the application of biotechnology to nutrition: an overview. | crop biotechnology is being used in two major ways to enhance human nutrition: to improve global food security by making more food available, especially locally grown and familiar foods in the developing world, and by enhancing the nutritional composition of foods that would interest both the developed and developing worlds. since the first commercialized products of biotechnology are major commodity crops grown primarily in the us, canada and argentina (soybeans, corn, canola and cotton), there ... | 2002 | 12071298 |
| diet of eared doves (zenaida auriculata, aves, columbidae) in a sugar-cane colony in south-eastern brazil. | farmers in the paranapanema valley (são paulo, brazil) have reported problems with flocks of eared doves (zenaida auriculata) eating sprouting soybeans. in this region these birds breed colonially in sugar-cane, and eat four crop seeds, using 70% of the dry weight, in the following order of importance: maize, wheat, rice, and soybeans. three weeds (euphorbia heterophylla, brachiaria plantaginea, and commelina benghalensis) were important. this information suggests that the doves adapted particul ... | 2001 | 12071322 |
| gibberellin and auxin-indole production by plant root-fungi and their biosynthesis under salinity-calcium interaction. | rhizosphere and rhizoplane of fababean (vicia faba), melochia (corchorus olitorius), sesame (sesamum indicum) and soyabean (glycine max) plants are inhabited with fungi, mostly aspergillus flavus, a. niger, fusarium oxysporum, penicillium corylophilum, p. cyclopium, p. funiculosum and rhizopus stolonifer. all fungal species have the ability to produce gibberellin (ga) but f. oxysporum was found to produce both ga and indole-acetic acid (iaa). the optimum period for ga and iaa production by f. ox ... | 2002 | 12073817 |
| selenocompounds in plants and animals and their biological significance. | there are several selenocompounds in tissues of plants and animals. selenate is the major inorganic selenocompound found in both animal and plant tissues. selenocysteine is the predominant selenoamino acid in tissues when inorganic selenium is given to animals. selenomethionine is the major selenocompound found initially in animals given this selenoamino acid, but is converted with time afterwards to selenocysteine. selenomethionine is the major selenocompound in cereal grains, grassland legumes ... | 2002 | 12074249 |
| identity preservation of genetically modified organisms in the food chain: requirements, methods, and costs. | the use of the technology of genetic modification (gm) in european agriculture and the food supply chain is currently controversial. because of strong anti-gm technology sentiments, the use of ingredients derived from plants containing gm have largely been eliminated from foods manufactured for direct human consumption by the food supply chain in much of the european union (eu). during the past year, the attention of those opposed to the technology has turned to the use of gm ingredients in live ... | 2002 | 12083272 |
| new isoflavone and triterpene glycosides from soybeans. | chemical investigation of a soybean phytochemical concentrate resulted in the isolation and identification of two new isoflavanones, dihydrodaidzin (1) and dihydrogenistin (2), a new isoflavone, 2' ',6' '-o-diacetyloninin (3), and two new triterpenoid saponins (13 and 14). nine known isoflavonoids (4-12) and three known saponins (15-17) were also identified. structures of the new compounds were established by a combination of extensive nmr (dept, dqf-cosy, hmbc, hmqc, and roesy) studies and chem ... | 2002 | 12088420 |
| effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on ovarian and uterine function in lactating dairy cows. | alteration of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa) composition of milk by dietary supplementation of cows may be beneficial to human health. however, dietary pufas may influence synthesis of both prostaglandins and steroid hormones. this study examined the effects of dietary pufas on reproductive parameters in lactating cows. cows were fed an isoenergetic control ration (n = 8) or a diet supplemented with linpreme (n = 7) or soypreme (n = 8). these proprietary feeds are derived from linseed or ... | 2002 | 12090925 |
| increased digestibility of two products in genetically modified food (cp4-epsps and cry1ab) after preheating. | we performed experiments on in vitro digestion of newly expressed proteins by sgf (simulated gastric fluid) and sif (simulated intestinal fluid) to assess the allergenicity of food components derived from biotechnological modification. for newly expressed proteins, we chose cp4-epsps (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from agrobacterium sp. strain cp4) and cry1ab derived from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain hd-1. the former is expressed in gm-soybeans and the latter is ex ... | 2002 | 12092415 |
| vascular effects of a soy leaves (glycine max) extract and kaempferol glycosides in isolated rat carotid arteries. | we have recently purified genistin, and six kaempferol glycosides from a soy leaves ( glycine max l. merr.) butanol extract. here we report the vascular effects of the extract and purified genistin and kaempferol glycosides on contractions induced by different constricting agonists in isolated rat carotid arteries. the butanol extract relaxed artery rings preconstricted by 9,11-dideoxy-11alpha,9alpha-epoxy-methanoprostaglandin f 2 alpha (u46619) or [5 z,9alpha,11alpha,13 e,15 s]-9,11,15-trihydro ... | 2002 | 12094288 |
| chemoprevention of bladder cancer. | the data presented herein, although highly supportive for a protective role of various nutrients against bladder cancer, are far from definitive. many authorities question the validity of current recommendations for nutritional chemoprevention against bladder cancer. the reason for the wide variations reported in epidemiologic studies lies in the nature of observational studies. dietary studies are limited in their conclusions because the protection afforded by the consumption of a particular nu ... | 2002 | 12109342 |
| oligogalacturonides inhibit the induction of late but not of early auxin-responsive genes in tobacco. | oligogalacturonides (ogs) released from the plant cell wall regulate several defense responses, as well as various aspects of plant growth and development. in these latter effects, ogs exhibit auxin-antagonist activity. to shed light on the mechanism by which ogs antagonise auxin, we analysed the ability of these oligosaccharides to inhibit the activity of four auxin-up-regulated promoters [pgm-gh3 of soybean (glycine max l. merr.), pnt114 of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.), and prolb and prold o ... | 2002 | 12111233 |
| seed composition of soybeans grown in the harran region of turkey as affected by row spacing and irrigation. | this study was conducted to determine the effects of row spacing (rs) and irrigation (ir) on protein content, oil content, and fatty acid composition of soybeans grown in the harran region of turkey. oil content of the seed varied from 20.9 to 22.3%. oil and protein contents were both affected by year. rs and ir affected protein and oil contents significantly (p < 0.01) in both years. rs of 70 cm had the highest protein content, followed by rs of 60, 40, and 50 cm, respectively. ir every 3rd day ... | 2002 | 12137503 |
| moderate intakes of intact soy protein rich in isoflavones compared with ethanol-extracted soy protein increase hdl but do not influence transforming growth factor beta(1) concentrations and hemostatic risk factors for coronary heart disease in healthy subjects. | soybeans contain estrogenic isoflavones that may influence plasma concentrations of transforming growth factor beta(1) (tgf-beta(1)) and plasma lipid and hemostatic risk factors for coronary heart disease. | 2002 | 12145009 |
| digestion, milk production, milk composition, and blood composition of dairy cows fed whole flaxseed. | a total of 90 lactating holstein cows averaging 628 kg (se = 8) of body weight (bw) were allotted at calving to 30 groups of three cows blocked for similar calving dates to determine the effects of feeding whole untreated flaxseed on milk production and composition, fatty acid composition of blood and milk, and digestibility, and to determine whether flaxseed could substitute for other sources of fat such as megalac and micronized soybeans. cows were fed a total mixed diet based on grass and cor ... | 2002 | 12146480 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a group ii chaperonin delta-subunit from soybean. | molecular characterization of plant group ii chaperonin (cct, c-cpn, or tric) still remains elusive. by pcr-based cloning techniques using soybeans, we have made a successful attempt to clone a delta-subunit homologue of cct (cctdelta). this subunit is responsible for the binding of an in vivo substrate, alpha-actin, by assisting the correct folding of the cytoskeletal protein in mouse, and the occurrence of the subunit homologue in plant cct was unclear. as the cloning strategy, a putative amin ... | 2002 | 12153728 |
| diversity and functionality of bacillus and related genera isolated from spontaneously fermented soybeans (indian kinema) and locust beans (african soumbala). | a total of 126 isolates of bacillus and related genera from indigenous, spontaneously fermented soybeans (kinema) and locust beans (soumbala) were characterized with the purpose of defining interspecific, as well as intraspecific relationships among the components of their microflora. b. subtilis was the dominant species, and species diversity was more pronounced in soumbala than in kinema. while from kinema, six species were isolated (b. subtilis, b. licheniformis, b. cereus, b. circulans, b. t ... | 2002 | 12160077 |
| identification of a soybean protein that interacts with gaga element dinucleotide repeat dna. | dinucleotide repeat dna with the pattern (ga)(n)/(tc)(n), so-called gaga elements, control gene expression in animals, and are recognized by a specific regulatory protein. here, a yeast one-hybrid screen was used to isolate soybean (glycine max) cdna encoding a gaga-binding protein (gbp) that binds to (ga)(n)/(ct)(n) dna. soybean gbp was dissimilar from the gaga factor of drosophila melanogaster. recombinant gbp protein did not bind to dinucleotide repeat sequences other than (ga)(n)/(ct)(n). gb ... | 2002 | 12177492 |
| paraguay. | in 1986, the population of paraguay stood at 4 million, with an annual growth rate of 2.7%. the infant mortality rate was 64/1000 live births and life expectancy was 62 years. the literacy rate was 81%. of the labor force of 1.2 million, 44% were employed in the agricultural sector, 34% were in industry and commerce, 18% were in the services sector, and 4% were employed by the government. the gross national product (gnp) was us $3.31 billion in 1985, with an annual growth rate of 5% and a pe ... | 1987 | 12177917 |
| a novel two-component system of bradyrhizobium japonicum: elms and elmr are encoded in diverse orientations. | by completely sequencing the bradyrhizobium japonicum insert of cosmid c27, a pair of genes was identified which was found to be highly similar to prokaryotic two-component systems. the genes of the putative regulator protein (214 aa), elmr, and the putative sensor histidine kinase (470 aa), elms, are divergently oriented with their putative translational start sites separated by only 85 nucleotides. this new locus is located about 10 kb upstream of the sips signal peptidase allele. the highest ... | 2002 | 12180351 |
| survival of several rhizobium/bradyrhizobium strains on different inoculant formulations and inoculated seeds. | the effect of a variety factors on the survival of several rhizobia strains on inoculants and inoculated seeds has been evaluated. since the rhizobia strains showed different cell-density-evolution patterns on peat-based inoculants and on inoculated seeds, several inoculant formulations with highly effective rhizobium/bradyrhizobium strains (for lupinus, hedysarum, phaseolus and glycine max.) were monitored under the following storage conditions: (a) the inoculants were kept refrigerated (at 4 d ... | 2002 | 12180784 |
| a sucrose-binding protein homologue from soybean exhibits gtp-binding activity that functions independently of sucrose transport activity. | the sucrose binding protein (sbp) has been implicated as an important component of the sucrose uptake system in plants. sbp-mediated sucrose transport displays unique kinetic features and the protein is not similar to other transport proteins. here, we report the characterization of a member of the sbp family from soybean [glycine max (l) merrill] designated s64 or sbp2. subcellular fractionation and precipitation by gtp-agarose demonstrated that s64/sbp2 is a membrane-associated protein that ex ... | 2002 | 12180976 |
| [distribution of soybean mosaic virus antigen in the leaves of soybean plants with different reaction to virus infection]. | the distribution and accumulation of soybean mosaic virus antigen in the leaves of sensitive plants with well expressed mosaic symptoms and symptomless tolerant soybean plants glycine max (l.) merr. were similar. low concentration of virus antigen was found in extremely resistant soybean plants in mechanically inoculated leaves and those of the 2-4 circles two-three weeks after inoculation but 5 weeks later the virus antigen was detected only in the top leaves. | 2002 | 12190033 |
| complementary action of two independent dominant genes in columbia soybean for resistance to soybean mosaic virus. | a stem-tip necrosis disease was observed in the soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] cultivar columbia and its derivative ox686 when infected with a necrosis-causing strain of soybean mosaic virus (smv) in canada. a dominant gene named rsv3 was found in ox686 for the necrotic reaction. in the present research we have found that columbia is resistant to all known smv strains g1-g7, except g4. genetic studies were conducted to investigate the inheritance of resistance in columbia and interactions of r ... | 2002 | 12195033 |
| the formation of nitrogen-fixing bacteroids is delayed but not abolished in soybean infected by an [alpha]-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase-deficient mutant of bradyrhizobium japonicum. | a mutant strain of bradyrhizobium japonicum usda 110 devoid of [alpha]-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity (lsg184) was used to test whether this tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme is necessary to support nitrogen fixation during symbiosis with soybean (glycine max). lsg184 formed nodules about 5 d later than the wild-type strain, and the nodules, although otherwise normal in structure, contained many fewer infected host cells than is typical. at 19 d after inoculation cells infected with the muta ... | 1997 | 12223774 |
| salicylic acid is needed in hypersensitive cell death in soybean but does not act as a catalase inhibitor. | the function of salicylic acid (sa) in hypersensitive cell death was studied in a soybean (glycine max)-pseudomonas syringae pv glycinea system. the infection of cell cultures with bacteria leads to a hypersensitive reaction (hr), which is dependent on an appropriate avirulence gene and on low concentrations of sa. the requirement for sa is essential for a process shortly before the onset of the hr-caused cell death 5 to 6 h after infection with bacteria. sa given 10 to 12 h after infection or p ... | 1997 | 12223807 |
| a g-box-binding protein from soybean binds to the e1 auxin-response element in the soybean gh3 promoter and contains a proline-rich repression domain. | the e1 promoter fragment (-249 to -203) is one of three auxin-response elements (auxres) in the soybean (glycine max l.) gh3 promoter (z.-b. liu, t. ulmasov, x. shi, g. hagen, t.j. guilfoyle [1994] plant cell 6: 645-657). results presented here further characterize and delimit the auxre within the e1 fragment. the e1 fragment functioned as an auxre in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) plants, as well as in transfected protoplasts. the auxre within e1 contains a g-box, and this g-box was ... | 1997 | 12223815 |
| activation of phospholipase a by plant defense elicitors. | participation of phospholipase a (plase a) in plant signal transduction has been documented for auxin stimulation of growth but not for elicitation of any plant defense response. in this paper, we report two independent assays for monitoring plase a induction in plant cells and have used these assays to evaluate whether transduction of defense-related signals might require plase a activation. oligogalacturonic acid, a potent elicitor of the soybean (glycine max) h2o2 burst, was unable to stimula ... | 1996 | 12226235 |
| signaling in soybean phenylpropanoid responses (dissection of primary, secondary, and conditioning effects of light, wounding, and elicitor treatments). | the spatial and temporal deployment of plant defense responses involves a complex interplay of signal events, often resulting in superimposition of signaling processes. we have employed a minimal-wound protocol to clearly separate and characterize the specific contributions of light, wounding, and a wall glucan elicitor preparation (pwg) from phytophthora sojae (kauf. and gerde.) to the regulation of phenylpropanoid defense responses in soybean (glycine max l. [merr.]) cotyledon tissues. the ass ... | 1996 | 12226246 |
| total glutamine synthetase activity during soybean nodule development is controlled at the level of transcription and holoprotein turnover. | gln synthetase (gs) catalyzes the atp-dependent condensation of ammonia with glutamate to yield gln. in higher plants gs is an octameric enzyme and the subunits are encoded by members of a small multigene family. in soybeans (glycine max), following the onset of n2 fixation there is a dramatic increase in gs activity in the root nodules. gs activity staining of native polyacrylamide gels containing nodule and root extracts showed a common band of activity (gsrs). the nodules also contained a slo ... | 1996 | 12226474 |
| fate of nodule-specific polysaccharide produced by bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids. | a polysaccharide produced by bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids in nodules (nps) on soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) roots is different in composition and structure from the extracellular polysaccharide produced in culture by this organism. isogenic strains either capable or incapable of nps synthesis supported similar rates of plant growth and nitrogenase activity, indicating that polysaccharide deposition was not detrimental. the possibility that nps may have some protective or nutritional ro ... | 1995 | 12228408 |
| a noninvasive technique for monitoring peroxidative and h2o2-scavenging activities during interactions between bacterial plant pathogens and suspension cells. | stimulation of active oxygen metabolism occurs during the early stages of interactions involving bacteria and plant cell suspensions. although many cellular processes are known to affect active oxygen metabolism in plants, it is not known which of these factors affect active oxygen levels during plant-bacteria interactions. extracellular peroxidases have been shown to participate in both the production and utilization of active oxygen species such as h2o2 and superoxide. catalase and other scave ... | 1995 | 12228480 |
| characterization and physiological function of class i low-molecular-mass, heat-shock protein complex in soybean. | examination of an ammonium sulfate-enriched fraction (70-100% saturation) of heat-shock proteins (hsps) by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a high molecular mass complex (280 kd) in soybean (glycine max) seedlings. this complex cross-reacted with antibodies raised against soybean class i low-molecular-mass (lmw) hsps. dissociation of the complex by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the complex to contain at least 15 polypeptides of the ... | 1995 | 12228501 |
| preincubation of bradyrhizobium japonicum with genistein accelerates nodule development of soybean at suboptimal root zone temperatures. | in the soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) n2-fixing symbiosis, suboptimal root zone temperatures (rzts) slow nodule development, especially at temperatures below 17[deg]c. a step in the infection process that occurs within the first 24 h is particularly sensitive to suboptimal rzt. the first phase in the establishment of the soybean-bradyrhizobium japonicum symbiosis is the exchange of recognition molecules. the most effective plant-to-bacterium signal is genistein. binding of genistein to b. japo ... | 1995 | 12228519 |
| rhizobial nodulation factors stimulate mycorrhizal colonization of nodulating and nonnodulating soybeans. | legumes form tripartite symbiotic associations with noduleinducing rhizobia and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. co-inoculation of soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) roots with bradyrhizobium japonicum 61-a-101 considerably enhanced colonization by the mycorrhizal fungus glomus mosseae. a similar stimulatory effect on mycorrhizal colonization was also observed in nonnodulating soybean mutants when inoculated with bradyrhizobium japonicum and in wild-type soybean plants when inoculated with ... | 1995 | 12228558 |
| phosphorylation of soybean (glycine max l.) nodule phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in vitro decreases sensitivity to inhibition by l-malate. | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) from soybean (glycine max l.merr.) nodules was purified 187-fold to a final specific activity of 56 units mg-1 of protein. sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) revealed one major polypeptide band, with a molecular mass of 110 kd, after the final purification step. two-dimensional page resolved four isoelectric forms of the purified enzyme. antibodies raised against the purified enzyme immunoprecipitated pepc activity from a ... | 1993 | 12231782 |
| cyclic [beta]-1,6 -1,3 glucans are synthesized by bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids within soybean (glycine max) root nodules. | we have previously reported that free-living cultures of bradyrhizobium species produce novel oligosaccharides that are cyclic, contain between 10 and 13 glucose residues, and are linked by [beta]-1,6 and [beta]-1,3 glycosidic bonds (k.j. miller, r.s. gore, r. johnson, a.j. benesi, v.n. reinhold [1990] j bacteriol 172: 136-142). in the present study, we show that these glucans are also synthesized by bacteroids of bradyrhizobium japonicum usda 110 within glycine max root nodules. | 1993 | 12231809 |
| covalent and noncovalent dimers of the cyanide-resistant alternative oxidase protein in higher plant mitochondria and their relationship to enzyme activity. | evidence for a mixed population of covalently and noncovalently associated dimers of the cyanide-resistant alternative oxidase protein in plant mitochondria is presented. high molecular mass (oxidized) species of the alternative oxidase protein, having masses predicted for homodimers, appeared on immunoblots when the sulfhydryl reductant, dithiothreitol (dtt), was omitted from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel sample buffer. these oxidized species were observed in mitochondria from soybe ... | 1993 | 12231983 |
| kinetics of nodule development in glycine soja. | nodule development in the interaction of glycine soja sieb. & zucc. pi468.397 with bradyrhizobium japonicum usda110 was studied by hypochlorite clearing and methylene blue staining. even the earliest stages of nodule development could be observed. the entire length of the primary root was examined up to 15 d postinoculation. markedly curled root hairs and the first cell divisions in the hypodermal layer (stage i) were observed 2 d postinoculation, and by 3 d cell division activity had spread to ... | 1993 | 12232007 |
| composition and distribution of adenylates in soybean (glycine max l.) nodule tissue. | adenylates (atp, adp, and amp) may play a central role in the regulation of the o2-limited c and n metabolism of soybean nodules. to be able to interpret measurements of adenylate levels in whole nodules and to appreciate the significance of observed changes in adenylates associated with changes in o2-limited metabolism, methods were developed for measuring in vivo levels of adenylate pools in the cortex, plant central zone, and bacteroid fractions of soybean (glycine max l. merr cv maple arrow ... | 1994 | 12232074 |
| cyclic [beta]-1,6-1,3-glucans of bradyrhizobium japonicum usda 110 elicit isoflavonoid production in the soybean (glycine max) host. | high levels of cyclic [beta]-1,6-1,3-glucans (e.g. 0.1 mg mg-1 of total protein) are synthesized by free-living cells as well as by bacteroids of bradyrhizobium japonicum usda 110 (k.j. miller, r.s. gore, r. johnson, a.j. benesi, v.n. reinhold [1990] j bacteriol 172: 136-142; r.s. gore and k.j. miller [1993] plant physiol 102: 191-194). these molecules share structural features with glucan fragments isolated from the mycelial cell wall of the soybean (glycine max) pathogen phytophthora megasperm ... | 1994 | 12232136 |
| detoxification of formaldehyde by the spider plant (chlorophytum comosum l.) and by soybean (glycine max l.) cell-suspension cultures. | the phytotoxicity of formaldehyde for spider plants (chlorophytum comosum l.), tobacco plants (nicotiana tabacum l. cv bel b and bel w3), and soybean (glycine max l.) cell-suspension cultures was found to be low enough to allow metabolic studies. spider plant shoots were exposed to 7.1 [mu]l l-1 (8.5 mg m-3) gaseous [14c]-formaldehyde over 24 h. approximately 88% of the recovered radioactivity was plant associated and was found to be incorporated into organic acids, amino acids, free sugars, and ... | 1994 | 12232169 |
| wound-associated competency factors are required for the proximal cell responses of soybean to the phytophthora sojae wall glucan elicitor. | intact soybean (glycine max l. [merr.]) tissues show distinct proximal and distal cell responses to the phytophthora sojae (kauf. and gerde.) wall glucan elicitor. proximal cells respond with accumulations of glyceollin and phenolic polymers, whereas distal cells respond with an increase of isoflavone conjugates. comparison of the activities of the p. sojae glucan in the classical cut cotyledon and a cotyledon infiltration assay suggests that the proximal, but not the distal, responses to elicit ... | 1994 | 12232225 |
| overproduction in escherichia coli and characterization of a soybean ferric leghemoglobin reductase. | we previously cloned and sequenced a cdna encoding soybean ferric leghemoglobin reductase (flbr), an enzyme postulated to play an important role in maintaining leghemoglobin in a functional ferrous state in nitrogen-fixing root nodules. this cdna was sub-cloned into an expression plasmid, ptrchis c, and overexpressed in escherichia coli. the recombinant flbr protein, which was purified by two steps of column chromatography, was catalytically active and fully functional. the recombinant flbr cros ... | 1994 | 12232320 |
| development of heavy metal-resistant mutants of phosphate solubilizing pseudomonas sp. nbri 4014 and their characterization. | pseudomonas sp. nbri 4014 is a potent phosphorus solubilizer (284 microg/ml). it also produced significant levels of siderophore (143.87 microg/ml) and iaa (5.6 microg/ml). siderotyping indicated it was p. aeruginosa siderovar 1. cadmium (180 microm), nickel (420 microm), and chromium (370 microm) resistant mutants were developed and characterized for their pgpr properties. mutants were stable under non-selective pressure. in cases of nickel and cadmium, there were reductions of the siderophore ... | 2002 | 12232661 |
| effects of soybean extract on morphology and survival of caco-2, sw620, and ht-29 cells. | soybean consumption may be beneficial to prevention of certain human cancers. low incidence of colon cancer in asian countries is associated with consumption of soybean products. a limited number of human and animal studies suggested that soybean consumption might prevent colon cancer; other studies did not support this conclusion. therefore, it is important to understand the biological effects of soybeans on colon cells. in the present study, cultures of caco-2, sw620, and ht-29 cells were trea ... | 2002 | 12235645 |
| [chemotaxis of bradyrhizobium japonicum to various organic compounds]. | the investigation of the chemotactic response of bradyrhizobium japonicum to amino acids, carbohydrates, multiatomic alcohols, organic acids, and soybean extracts showed that the extracts of some soybean varieties (chernoburaya and beskluben'kovaya) contain repellents. this indicates that the soybeans of host plants contain effectors that may play a role at the early stages of their interaction with nodule bacteria. | 2002 | 12244714 |
| steroids. | the structure, sources, synthesis, economics, and the present and future marketing of male and female sex steroids and corticoids are summarized. physiologically, and historically in industry, steroids were made from cholesterol. now most steroids are produced from diosgenin, an akaloid from the mexican dioscorea plant. other sources are stigmasterol from soybeans, hecogenin from sissal waste, bile acids, and total synthesis. unlike prices of corticoids which have been low for lack of patent ... | 1969 | 12255132 |
| bioavailability of isoflavones. | isoflavones are disease protective components of soybeans. isoflavone metabolism and bioavailability are key to understanding their biological effects. isoflavone glucuronides, dominant biotransformation products in humans that are more hydrophilic than isoflavone aglycones, activate human natural killer cells in vitro but are less toxic to nk cells than the parent aglycones. gut microbial isoflavone metabolites have also been identified, but remain to be well characterized. gut transit time (gt ... | 2002 | 12270213 |
| estrogen receptor expression in the prostate of rats treated with dietary genistein. | steroid hormones and their receptors play critical roles in the growth, development, and maintenance of the male reproductive tract. genistein, a naturally occurring isoflavonoid primarily found in soybeans, interacts with estrogen receptors alpha and beta (er alpha and beta), with preferential affinity for er beta. this is one mechanism whereby genistein may affect growth and development and potentially alter susceptibility to carcinogenesis. previous studies have indicated effects of soy and/o ... | 2002 | 12270217 |
| isoflavonoids inhibit catabolism of vitamin d in prostate cancer cells. | the high ingestion of soybean products in asian countries has been suggested to be responsible for a reduced incidence of prostate cancer. the mechanism of action, however, is unknown. our data demonstrate that genistein and some isoflavone metabolites reduce the activity of 25-d3-24-hydroxylase (cyp24) in the human prostate cancer-derived cell line du-145. cyp24 is also responsible for degradation of the active vitamin d metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 which is known to be antimitotic and p ... | 2002 | 12270218 |
| proposed weaning formula for developing countries. | this article proposes a process of combining soybean, corn and wheat to make an inexpensive weaning formula, and suggests that animal feeding studies, human organoleptic (taste) tests and finally feeding trials on infants be conducted. the method combines 3 steps involving soybean yogurt, corn starch solution and cracked wheat gruel. first a yogurt is fermented from cracked soybeans cooked in sodium bicarbonate solution, with sucrose added, and homogenized. then corn is cracked, soaked, boile ... | 1986 | 12281326 |
| [local food mixtures for the treatment of protein-calorie malnutrition in the mondongo, zaire rural health center]. | protein-calorie malnutrition is found in environments characterized by ignorance, illiteracy, poverty, poor hygiene, and absence of food processing industries. at the mondongo rural health center in zaire, malnourished children are not rare, although they live in an environment rich in the foods necessary for growth and development. parents are poorly informed about the desirable age at weaning, the nutritional requirements of weaned infants, and appropriate diet and food preparation for weane ... | 1993 | 12287305 |
| the effects of dry extrusion temperature of whole soybeans on digestion of protein and amino acids by steers. | five holstein steers (450 kg) with cannulas in the rumen, proximal duodenum, and terminal ileum were used in a 5 x 5 latin square design to study the effects of extrusion temperature on site of digestion of nitrogenous compounds in whole soybeans. the basal diet contained 50% corn silage, 24% alfalfa hay, 16.6% corn starch, 4.05% ground corn, 1% urea, and 3.4% soybean oil. raw soybeans or soybeans extruded at 116, 138, or 160 degrees c (diets 116, 138, and 160, respectively) replaced the soybean ... | 2002 | 12350027 |
| a novel hmg a-like protein binds differentially to the at-rich regions located in the far distal and proximal parts of a soybean glutamine synthetase gene (gs15) promoter. | in soybean (glycine max l.) ammonium provided externally or as the result of symbiotic nitrogen fixation stimulates the transcription of gs15, a gene encoding cytosolic glutamine synthetase. strong constitutive positive expression (scpe), silencer-like and organ-specific elements, located respectively in the distal, the central and the proximal region of the promoter are required to control the ammonium responsiveness of the gene expression [tercé-laforgue et al. (1999) plant mol. biol. 39: 551] ... | 2002 | 12354918 |
| time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay of plasma and urine o-desmethylangolensin. | we present a method for the determination of the phytoestrogen metabolite o-desmethylangolensin (o-dma) in plasma (serum) and in urine. o-dma is a metabolite of daidzein, which occurs in soybeans. it has been suggested that isoflavones may afford protection against breast and prostate cancer and therefore, also the metabolites are of interest. the method is based on time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (tr-fia) using a europium chelate as a label. after the synthesis of 4"-o-carboxymethyl-o-dma, this ... | 2002 | 12361725 |
| fatty acid profiles of milk and rumen digesta from cows fed fish oil, extruded soybeans or their blend. | four fistulated primiparous cows (two holstein and two brown swiss) averaging 102 dim were used in a 4 x 4 latin square with 3-wk periods to determine the effect of feeding fish oil, extruded soybeans, or their combination on fatty acid profiles of milk and rumen digesta. experimental diets consisted of: 1) control diet; 2) a diet with 2% (dm basis) added fat from menhaden fish oil; 3) a diet with 2% added fat from extruded soybeans; and 4) a diet with 1% added fat from fish oil and 1% fat from ... | 2002 | 12362459 |
| reproducible transformation in two grain legumes--soybean and azuki bean--using different systems. | two plasmid vectors were introduced into soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) and azuki bean (vigna angularis willd. ohwi and ohashi) using different transformation systems. azuki bean epicotyl explants were prepared from etiolated seedlings and co-cultivated with agrobacterium tumefaciens for 2 days. adventitious shoots were developed from the callus of the explants on a regeneration medium containing hygromycin, and the shoots were excised and transferred to a rooting medium containing hygromycin ... | 2002 | 12378231 |
| a trail of research revisted. | the author describes how his interest in the nutritional value of soybeans led to a trail of research that had many ramifications. in an attempt to account for the poor nutritional value of raw soybeans and the beneficial effect of heat treatment, a protein displaying hemagglutinating activity and capable of inhibiting the growth of rats was isolated and characterized. this protein subsequently proved to be an example of a class of proteins that were later referred to as "lectins". lectins were ... | 2002 | 12381154 |
| immunoassays of soy proteins. | proteins of soybeans (glycine max) are widely used in animal and human nutrition. in addition to the bulk of the seed storage proteins, which are classified as albumins and globulins, approximately 6% of soybean proteins are classified as inhibitors of trypsin and chymotrypsin and approximately 0.5% are sugar-binding lectins. the two major classes of inhibitors are the kunitz trypsin inhibitor, which inhibits trypsin, and the bowman-birk inhibitor (bbi), which inhibits both trypsin and chymotryp ... | 2002 | 12381163 |
| dlpc decreases tgf-beta1-induced collagen mrna by inhibiting p38 mapk in hepatic stellate cells. | dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine (dlpc), the active component of polyenylphosphatidylcholine extracted from soybeans, decreases collagen accumulation induced by tgf-beta1 in cultured hepatic stellate cells (hscs). because dlpc exerts antioxidant effects and tgf-beta1 generates oxidative stress, we evaluated whether the antifibrogenic effect of dlpc is linked to its antioxidant action. in passage 1 culture of rat hscs, tgf-beta1 induced a concentration-dependent increase in procollagen-alpha(1)(i) ... | 2002 | 12381518 |
| an in vitro screening paradigm for extracts of whole foods for detection of potential toxicants. | the application of organic, conventional and biotechnology techniques can alter the intrinsic levels of natural toxicants in crop foods and methods are needed to screen for unexpected changes in toxicant levels. we evaluated crude, aqueous preparations of 37 foods purchased from a local market in a battery of four in vitro mammalian toxicity screens. the foods were evaluated in one or more of the following tests: (1) cytotoxicity (37 foods) and (2) chromosomal aberration test (nine foods), both ... | 2002 | 12387301 |
| the mutant androgen receptor t877a mediates the proliferative but not the cytotoxic dose-dependent effects of genistein and quercetin on human lncap prostate cancer cells. | high consumption of soybean products, such as phytoestrogens, has been hypothesized to contribute to a reduced incidence of prostate cancer in southeast asian people, although there have been inconsistent results among studies. human lncap cells, extensively used as a model for androgen-dependent prostate tumor, express the androgen receptor (ar) mutant t877a promiscuously transactivated by estrogens and other ligands, which may further facilitate cancer progression. here, for the first time to ... | 2002 | 12391264 |
| siderophoregenic bradyrhizobia boost yield of soybean. | after screening for siderophore (microbial iron chelator) production, of seven available cultures of soybean (glycine max l.) root nodule bradyrhizobia, one strain, bradyrhizobium japonicum ncim 2746, was selected to confirm its phytopathogenic suppression and soybean growth promotion. based on chromatographic and spectrophotometric studies, two different siderophores, a hydroxamate type (mw 734) and another catecholate type (mw 1000), were observed. randomized block design (rbd) analysis of sic ... | 2002 | 12396119 |
| safety and pharmacokinetics of purified soy isoflavones: single-dose administration to postmenopausal women. | soy isoflavones are being evaluated as chemopreventive agents for breast and other cancers. | 2002 | 12399289 |
| frequency of the insertion sequence is4bsu1 among bacillus subtilis strains isolated from fermented soybean foods in southeast asia. | among 45 bacillus subtilis strains isolated from non-salted types of fermented soybeans produced in several southeast asian countries, 20 had the insertion sequence is4bsu1 in the chromosome. in contrast, none of 49 b. subtilis strains of non-food origin contained is4bsu1. frequent occurrence of this mobile dna element in the soybean-fermenting b. subtilis would reflect the fact that few strains flourish on soybeans and thereby contribute to soybean fermentation. | 2002 | 12400707 |
| hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) expression in plant cell culture: kinetics of antigen accumulation in batch culture and its intracellular form. | the production of edible vaccines in transgenic plants and plant cell culture may be improved through a better understanding of antigen processing and assembly. the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was chosen for study because it undergoes substantial and complex post-translational modifications, which are necessary for its immunogenicity. this antigen was expressed in soybean (glycine max l. merr. cv williams 82) and tobacco nt1 (nicotiana tabacum l.) cell suspension cultures, and hbsag prod ... | 2002 | 12402327 |
| regulation of male sex hormone levels by soy isoflavones in rats. | several studies have suggested that soybean intake is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. however, the mechanism of prostate cancer prevention by soybeans remains unclear. because prostate cancer is reported to have an association with an increased level of dihydrotestosterone (dht) and soybean isoflavones are known to inhibit 5 alpha-reductase, which is involved in the conversion of testosterone to dht, the effects of soybean extract and isoflavones on the plasma levels of male sex ... | 2002 | 12416261 |
| formation of pyridine nucleotides under symbiotic and non-symbiotic conditions between soybean nodules and free-living rhizobia. | enzymatic regulation of pyricline nucleotide formation, under symbiotic and non-symbiotic conditions, was analyzed using soybeans (glycine max l. cv. 'akisengoku') and rhizobia (bradyrhizobia japonicum strain a1017), respectively. it was found that levels of pyridine nucleotides in bacteroids in root nodules were different from those in free-living cells of rhizobia. this difference was associated with differences in activities of enzymes involved in the pathway from l-tryptophan to nad and nadp ... | 2002 | 12423884 |
| nitric oxide synthase-mediated phytoalexin accumulation in soybean cotyledons in response to the diaporthe phaseolorum f. sp. meridionalis elicitor. | phytoalexin biosynthesis is part of the defense mechanism of soybean (glycine max) plants against attack by the fungus diaporthe phaseolorum f. sp. meridionalis (dpm), the causal agent of stem canker disease. the treatment of soybean cotyledons with dpm elicitor or with sodium nitroprusside (snp), a nitric oxide (no) donor, resulted in a high accumulation of phytoalexins. this response did not occur when snp was replaced by ferricyanide, a structural analog of snp devoid of the no moiety. phytoa ... | 2002 | 12427995 |
| sequence divergence at chalcone synthase gene in pigmented seed coat soybean mutants of the inhibitor locus. | seed coat color in soybeans is determined by the i (inhibitor) locus. the dominant i allele inhibits seed coat pigmentation, and it has been suggested that there is a correlation between the inhibition of pigmentation by the i allele and chalcone synthase (chs) gene silencing in the seed coat. analysis of spontaneous mutations from i to i has shown that these mutations are closely related to the deletion of one of the chs genes (designated ichs1). in soybeans with the i/i genotype (cv. miyagi sh ... | 2002 | 12441645 |
| interaction of genistein with the mitochondrial electron transport chain results in opening of the membrane transition pore. | genistein, a natural isoflavone present in soybeans, is a potent agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of cancer. addition of genistein to isolated rat liver mitochondria (rlm) induces swelling, loss of membrane potential and release of accumulated ca2+. these changes are ca2+-dependent and are prevented by cyclosporin a (csa) and bongkrekic acid (bka), two classical inhibitors of the mitochondrial permeability transition (mpt). induction of the mpt by genistein is accompanied by oxidation of t ... | 2002 | 12460676 |
| expression of a streptomyces 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase gene in oilseeds for converting phytosterols to phytostanols. | plant sterols and their hydrogenated forms, stanols, have attracted much attention because of their benefits to human health in reducing serum and ldl cholesterol levels, with vegetable oil processing being their major source in several food products currently sold. the predominant forms of plant sterol end products are sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and brassicasterol (in brassica). in this study, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase from streptomyces hygroscopicus was utilized to engineer oilseeds ... | 2003 | 12475617 |
| cloning and expression of the gene for soybean hydroxyisourate hydrolase. localization and implications for function and mechanism. | the gene encoding hydroxyisourate hydrolase, a novel ureide-metabolizing enzyme, has been cloned from soybean (glycine max). the gene encodes a protein that is 560 amino acids in length and contains a 31-amino acid signal sequence at the n terminus that is not present in the mature protein. the presence of two skl motifs near the c terminus suggests that the protein resides in the peroxisome. this expectation is borne out by results from immunogold electron microscopy, which revealed that hydrox ... | 2002 | 12481089 |
| effects of tenuiorin and methyl orsellinate from the lichen peltigera leucophlebia on 5-/15-lipoxygenases and proliferation of malignant cell lines in vitro. | the orcinol derivatives tenuiorin (1) and methyl orsellinate (2) were identified as active components of an extract from the lichen peltigera leucophlebia (nyl.) gyeln. showing in vitro inhibitory activity against 15-lipoxygenase from soybeans. the compounds were subsequently tested for in vitro activity against 5-lipoxygenase from porcine leucocytes and proved to be moderately active, with ic50 values of 41.6 microm and 59.6 microm respectively. tenuiorin is a known constituent of several pelti ... | 2002 | 12487331 |
| photophase influence on the reproductive diapause, seasonal morphs, and feeding activity of euschistus heros (fabr., 1798) (hemiptera: pentatomidae). | laboratory studies were conducted to verify the influence of photophase on diapause incidence in the neotropical brown stink bug, euschistus heros (fabr., 1798), fed with soybean [glycine max (l.)] merrill pods. nymphs were maintained at three different photophases: 10 h, 12 h, and 14 h, with constant temperature of 25 +/- 1 degree c and relative humidity of 65 +/- 5%. with 14 h, approximately 100% of the adults showed mature reproductive organs; the shoulder (spine) length was significantly gre ... | 2002 | 12489395 |
| lectin histochemical study of lipopigments present in the cerebellum of solanum fastigiatum var. fastigiatum intoxicated cattle. | this study was carried out to investigate the pattern of lectin binding in the cerebellum of calves poisoned with solanum fastigiatum var. fastigiatum. for the experimental reproduction of the illness, s. fastigiatum var. fastigiatum was collected from farms where the intoxication occurs. the dried ground plant was administered to two 1-year-old cattle by a ruminal cannula. the animals received 5 g/kg b.w. daily, 5 days a week, during periods of 107 and 140 days. after these periods the animals ... | 2002 | 12489871 |
| oral administration of a soy extract improves endothelial dysfunction in ovariectomized rats. | effects of oral administration for 4 weeks of a soy fraction with mainly isoflavones (glycine max, leguminosae) (soyph; 5 mg/kg) on vascular dysfunction induced by bilateral ovariectomy (ovx) in rats were studied. we evaluated vascular reactivity of aortic rings after acetylcholine (ach 10 nm-10 microm), sodium nitroprussiate (sn 15 - 30 nm) and ng-l-arginine (l-nma; 10 - 100 microm). uterine weight and nitric oxide synthase (nos) activity were also investigated. the same parameters were observe ... | 2002 | 12494349 |
| relative immunogenicity of commonly allergenic foods versus rarely allergenic and nonallergenic foods in mice. | food allergies affect 6 to 8% of children and 2% of adults in the united states. for reasons that are not clear, eight types of food account for a vast majority (approximately 90%) of food-induced hypersensitivity reactions. in this study, c57bl/6 mice were used to test the hypothesis that commonly allergenic foods are intrinsically more immunogenic than rarely allergenic or nonallergenic foods in allergy-susceptible hosts. groups of mice (n = 4 to 5) were injected intraperitoneally with the pro ... | 2002 | 12495022 |
| women with low iron stores absorb iron from soybeans. | worldwide, 30% of the population, a greater proportion of whom are women and children, is iron deficient. soybeans are a major source of nonheme iron in many human diets, but information on iron bioavailability is still conflicting. because much of soybean iron is in ferritin [distinct from the poorly bioavailable iron in cereals resulting from interactions between calcium, fe(iii), phytate, and proteins in the meal], soybeans provide a target for manipulating seed iron composition to achieve in ... | 2003 | 12499339 |
| lectins as markers for blood grouping. | lectins are unique proteins of varying biological importance. they are characterized by specific binding to carbohydrate residues, whether monosaccharides, disaccharides or polysaccharides. the sugar heads on the surface of the erythrocyte specify the different blood groups. lectins, as an antigenic determinant of blood group, have come to be an important tool in the identification of different blood groups. a handful of lectins may be considered excellent reagents for anti-a, anti-b, anti-n etc ... | 2002 | 12503049 |