| a high-density genetic map of cucumber derived from specific length amplified fragment sequencing (slaf-seq). | high-density genetic map provides an essential framework for accurate and efficient genome assembly and qtl fine mapping. construction of high-density genetic maps appears more feasible since the advent of next-generation sequencing (ngs), which eases snp discovery and high-throughput genotyping of large population. in this research, a high-density genetic map of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) was successfully constructed across an f2 population by a recently developed specific length amplified f ... | 2014 | 25610449 |
| determination of the triterpene glycosides in sea cucumbers by liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering and mass spectrometry detection. | holothurian triterpene glycosides possess various kinds of biological activities, including antifungal, cytotoxic, hemolytic, cytostatic, and immunomodulatory effects. in this study, a rapid extraction method of triterpene glycosides from sea cucumbers using a small column of c18 solid phase was first developed. furthermore, a novel high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with evaporative light scattering detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was established for t ... | 2015 | 25604752 |
| structure elucidation of new acetylated saponins, lessoniosides a, b, c, d, and e, and non-acetylated saponins, lessoniosides f and g, from the viscera of the sea cucumber holothuria lessoni. | sea cucumbers produce numerous compounds with a wide range of chemical structural diversity. among these, saponins are the most diverse and include sulfated, non-sulfated, acetylated and methylated congeners with different aglycone and sugar moieties. in this study, maldi and esi tandem mass spectrometry, in the positive ion mode, were used to elucidate the structure of new saponins extracted from the viscera of h. lessoni. fragmentation of the aglycone provided structural information on the pre ... | 2015 | 25603350 |
| identification of fruit related micrornas in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) using high-throughput sequencing technology. | micrornas (mirnas) are approximately 21 nt noncoding rnas that influence the phenotypes of different species through the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. although many mirnas have been identified in a few model plants, less is known about mirnas specific to cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). in this study, two libraries of cucumber rna, one based on fruit samples and another based on mixed samples from leaves, stems, and roots, were prepared for deep-sequencing. a total of 110 seq ... | 2014 | 25588308 |
| exploring a new serine protease from cucumis sativus l. | coagulation is an important physiological process in hemostasis which is activated by sequential action of proteases. this study aims to understand the involvement of aqueous fruit extract of cucumis sativus l. (aqfec) european burp less variety in blood coagulation cascade. aqfec hydrolyzed casein in a dose-dependent manner. the presence of protease activity was further confirmed by casein zymography which revealed the possible presence of two high molecular weight protease(s). the proteolytic ... | 2015 | 25577345 |
| flower development: sex lessons from cucumbers. | | 2015 | 27251730 |
| disentangling the contributions of osmotic and ionic effects of salinity on stomatal, mesophyll, biochemical and light limitations to photosynthesis. | there are conflicting opinions on the relative importance of photosynthetic limitations under salinity. quantitative limitation analysis of photosynthesis provides insight into the contributions of different photosynthetic limitations, but it has only been applied under saturating light conditions. using experimental data and modelling approaches, we examined the influence of light intensity on photosynthetic limitations and quantified the osmotic and ionic effects of salinity on stomatal (ls ), ... | 2015 | 25544985 |
| aspidochirotida (echinodermata: holothuroidea) from the northeast coast of brazil. | this is a taxonomic work on the aspidochirotid sea cucumbers from shallow waters in northeast brazil. we studied 165 specimens, classified into 2 families, 3 genera, 7 subgenera and 9 species. descriptions, illustrations and literature data are included for each species, in addition to ecological notes and information on their distribution in the northeast coast of brazil. a taxonomic key is provided for the identification of the species. | 2014 | 25544137 |
| on some sea cucumbers from ghana (echinodermata: holothuroidea) with descriptions of a new genus and one new species. | this paper reports on some sea cucumbers (holothuroidea) in the collections of the nhmuk, taken off the coast of ghana. most result from collections around accra during the years 1949-52. a couple of other species are included. altogether six species are here reported, viz. holothuria (holothuria) dakarensis panning, 1939; holothuria (semperothuria) imitans ludwig, 1875; holothuria (vaneyothuria) lentiginosa lentiginosa (von marenzeller,1893); stereoderma congoana (heding, 1935); ocnus cruciform ... | 2014 | 25543735 |
| an snp-based saturated genetic map and qtl analysis of fruit-related traits in cucumber using specific-length amplified fragment (slaf) sequencing. | cucumber, cucumis sativus l., is an economically important vegetable crop which is processed or consumed fresh worldwide. however, the narrow genetic base in cucumber makes it difficult for constructing high-density genetic maps. the development of massively parallel genotyping methods and next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies provides an excellent opportunity for developing single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) for linkage map construction and qtl analysis of horticultural traits. spec ... | 2014 | 25534138 |
| zinc finger protein genes from cucurbita pepo are promising tools for conferring non-cucurbitaceae plants with ability to accumulate persistent organic pollutants. | some cultivars of cucumbers, melons, pumpkins, and zucchini, which are members of the cucurbitaceae family, are uniquely subject to contamination by hydrophobic pollutants such as the organohalogen insecticides ddt. however, the molecular mechanisms for the accumulation of these pollutants in cucurbits have not been determined. here, cdna subtraction analysis of cucurbita pepo cultivars that are low and high accumulators of hydrophobic contaminants revealed that a gene for zinc finger proteins ( ... | 2015 | 25532761 |
| distribution and accumulative pattern of tetracyclines and sulfonamides in edible vegetables of cucumber, tomato, and lettuce. | veterinary antibiotics can be released to environment by the animals' excretions, which thereby poses human health and ecological risks. six antibiotics (tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfadimethoxine) at three concentrations (5, 10, and 20 mg kg(-1) soil) were employed in pots filled with a loamy sand upland soil. three types of vegetable seedlings, including cucumber (cucumis sativus), cherry tomato (solanum lycopersicum), and lettuce ( ... | 2015 | 25495233 |
| transferability of cucumber microsatellite markers used for phylogenetic analysis and population structure study in bottle gourd (lagenaria siceraria (mol.) standl.). | improved breeding for developing fruit quality in bottle gourd (lagenaria siceraria (mol.) standl.) necessitates knowledge regarding its genetic diversity. to achieve this, a set of 108 locus-specific ssr markers has been developed in bottle gourd by cross-species transferability from 995 mapped cucumis sativus ssr markers. during screening, 280 primer pairs amplified in the bottle gourd germplasm, which were further evaluated in a diverse set of 42 lines, resulting in 19 polymorphic, 89 monomor ... | 2015 | 25471016 |
| seldi-tof ms-based discovery of a biomarker in cucumis sativus seeds exposed to cuo nanoparticles. | metal oxide nanoparticles (nps) can inhibit plant seed germination and root elongation via the release of metal ions. in the present study, two acute phytotoxicity tests, seed germination and root elongation tests, were conducted on cucumber seeds (cucumis sativus) treated with bulk copper oxide (cuo) and cuo nps. two concentrations of bulk cuo and cuo nps, 200 and 600ppm, were used to test the inhibition rate of root germination; both concentrations of bulk cuo weakly inhibited seed germination ... | 2014 | 25461552 |
| corrigendum: relationships between chemical structures and functions of triterpene glycosides isolated from sea cucumbers. | [this corrects the article on p. 77 in vol. 2, pmid: 25250309.]. | 2014 | 25434983 |
| pipette-tip solid-phase extraction by use of a sol-gel hybrid adsorbent: a new pretreatment strategy for rapid screening of cucumbers for cyanazine and atrazine. | a pipette-tip solid-phase extraction (pt-spe) method using a sol-gel hybrid adsorbent has been developed. the method could be used for rapid screening of vegetable matrices for cyanazine and atrazine; assay of cucumbers is reported as an example. the sol-gel hybrid adsorbent was synthesized from tetraethyl orthosilicate (teos) as the precursor and γ-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (kh570) as both surface modifying agent and monomer for the polymerization. under the optimized conditions, ... | 2015 | 25433684 |
| biology, temperature thresholds, and degree-day requirements for development of the cucumber moth, diaphania indica, under laboratory conditions. | the cucumber moth, diaphania indica (saunders) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), is a tropical and sub-tropical cucurbits pest and a key greenhouse pest in the jiroft region of iran. in this study, the effect of different temperatures on the development of this pest was investigated on cucumber, cucumis sativus l. (cucurbitales: cucurbitaceae), leaves in a growth chamber at various constant temperatures (20, 25, 30, and 35ºc). the results indicated that the development period from egg to adult death at ... | 2014 | 25373208 |
| molecular mapping reveals structural rearrangements and quantitative trait loci underlying traits with local adaptation in semi-wild xishuangbanna cucumber (cucumis sativus l. var. xishuangbannanesis qi et yuan). | comparative genetic mapping revealed the origin of xishuangbanna cucumber through diversification selection after domestication. qtl mapping provided insights into the genetic basis of traits under diversification selection during crop evolution. the xishuangbanna cucumber, cucumis sativus l. var. xishuangbannanesis qi et yuan (xis), is a semi-wild landrace from the tropical southwest china with some unique traits that are very useful for cucumber breeding, such as tolerance to low light, large ... | 2015 | 25358412 |
| effects of washing, peeling, storage, and fermentation on residue contents of carbaryl and mancozeb in cucumbers grown in greenhouses. | cucumbers grown in two different greenhouses were exposed to mancozeb and carbaryl at different times. the effects of 10-day preharvest period, water and detergent washing, peeling, predetermined storage period at 4°c (refrigeration), and fermentation on the reduction of residue levels in the plant tissues were investigated. mancozeb and carbaryl residues in cucumbers were determined by gas chromatography-electron capture detection. results showed that residue levels in samples, which were colle ... | 2016 | 25342670 |
| glycosaminoglycans analogs from marine invertebrates: structure, biological effects, and potential as new therapeutics. | in this review, several glycosaminoglycan analogs obtained from different marine invertebrate are reported. the structure, biological activity and mechanism of action of these unique molecules are detailed reviewed and exemplified by experiments in vitro and in vivo. among the glycans studied are low-sulfated heparin-like polymers from ascidians, containing significant anticoagulant activity and no bleeding effect; dermatan sulfates with significant neurite outgrowth promoting activity and anti- ... | 2014 | 25309878 |
| fruit removal increases root-zone respiration in cucumber. | many attempts have been made to avoid the commonly observed fluctuations in fruit initiation and fruit growth in crop plants, particularly in cucumber (cucumis sativus). weak sinks of the fruit have been assumed to result in low sink/source ratios for carbohydrates, which may inhibit photosynthesis. this study focuses on the effects of low sink-source ratios on photosynthesis and respiration, and in particular root-zone respiration. | 2014 | 25301817 |
| cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and kabocha squash (cucurbita moschata duch). | we established improved methods for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and kabocha squash (cucurbita moschata duch). vacuum infiltration of cotyledonary explants with agrobacterium suspension enhanced the agrobacterium infection efficiency in the proximal regions of explants. wounding treatment was also essential for kabocha squash. cocultivation on filter paper wicks suppressed necrosis of explants, keeping regeneration efficacy. putative transgenic plants we ... | 2015 | 25300850 |
| iron allocation in leaves of fe-deficient cucumber plants fed with natural fe complexes. | iron (fe) sources available for plants in the rhizospheric solution are mainly a mixture of complexes between fe and organic ligands, including phytosiderophores (ps) and water-extractable humic substances (wehs). in comparison with the other fe sources, fe-wehs are more efficiently used by plants, and experimental evidences show that fe translocation contributes to this better response. on the other hand, very little is known on the mechanisms involved in fe allocation in leaves. in this work, ... | 2015 | 25288471 |
| hemolytic and cytotoxic properties of saponin purified from holothuria leucospilota sea cucumber. | holothuroids (sea cucumbers) are members of the phylum echinodermata, which produce saponins. saponins exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological and biological activities. in this study, we isolated the crude saponins from the body wall of the dominant iranian species of sea cucumber, holothuria leucospilota (h. leucospilota). the purpose of this study was to confirm the presence of saponins in the persian gulf h. leucospilota and study the hemolytic and cytotoxic activities of these compounds. | 2014 | 26989736 |
| biological and taxonomic perspective of triterpenoid glycosides of sea cucumbers of the family holothuriidae (echinodermata, holothuroidea). | since the discovery of saponins in sea cucumbers, more than 150 triterpene glycosides have been described for the class holothuroidea. the family holothuriidae has been increasingly studied in search for these compounds. with many species awaiting recognition and formal description this family currently consists of five genera and the systematics at the species-level taxonomy is, however, not yet fully understood. we provide a bibliographic review of the triterpene glycosides that has been repor ... | 2015 | 25263252 |
| relationships between chemical structures and functions of triterpene glycosides isolated from sea cucumbers. | many marine triterpene glycosides have in vitro and in vivo activities with very low toxicity, suggesting that they are suitable agents for the prevention and treatment of different diseases, particularly cancer. however, the molecular mechanisms of action of natural marine compounds in cancer, immune, and other various cells are not fully known. this review focuses on the structural characteristics of marine triterpene glycosides and how these affect their biological activities and molecular me ... | 2014 | 25250309 |
| ectopic expression of csctr1, a cucumber ctr-like gene, attenuates constitutive ethylene signaling in an arabidopsis ctr1-1 mutant and expression pattern analysis of csctr1 in cucumber (cucumis sativus). | the gaseous plant hormone ethylene regulates many aspects of plant growth, development and responses to the environment. constitutive triple response 1 (ctr1) is a central regulator involved in the ethylene signal transduction pathway. to obtain a better understanding of this particular pathway in cucumber, the cdna-encoding ctr1 (designated csctr1) was isolated from cucumber. a sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses revealed that csctr1 has a high degree of homology with other plant ctr1 ... | 2014 | 25226540 |
| calculation of the convective heat transfer coefficient and thermal diffusivity of cucumbers using numerical simulation and the inverse method. | cooling of fruits and vegetables, immediately after the harvest, has been a widely used method for maximizing post-harvest life. in this paper, an optimization algorithm and a numerical solution are used to determine simultaneously the convective heat transfer coefficient, hh, and the thermal diffusivity, α, for an individual solid with cylindrical shape, using experimental data obtained during its cooling. to this end, the one-dimensional diffusion equation in cylindrical coordinates is discret ... | 2014 | 25190830 |
| asteroids, ophiuroids and holothurians from the southeastern weddell sea (southern ocean). | until the early 1980s, the composition and distribution of the asteroid (starfish), ophiuroid (brittle star) and holothurian (sea cucumber) bottom fauna of the southeastern weddell sea was virtually unknown. this southernmost part of the atlantic sector of the southern ocean is a typical high-latitude antarctic region located in the circumpolar permanent pack-ice zone. it became accessible for large-scale scientific surveys only through the availability of modern ice-breaking research vessels, s ... | 2014 | 25152677 |
| determination of quaternary ammonium compounds in oranges and cucumbers using quechers extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. | a simple and fast method has been developed for determining relevant quaternary ammonium compounds in cucumber and orange samples. the target compounds were benzoalkonium chloride (bac-10, bac-12, bac-14, and bac-16), didecyldimethylammonium chloride, and benzethonium chloride, all frequently used biocides in the agrifood industry. an extraction based on the buffered quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method and determination by ultra-performance lc/ms/ms that eluted the biocides in ... | 2014 | 25145132 |
| sea, carbohydrates and clotting: a triad on the road of drug discovery. | cardiovascular diseases (cds) are the principal cause of death in the world. anticoagulation is the commonest therapeutic strategy for treatments of cds in clinical settings. although possessed of numerous downsides, heparin is the main clinical anticoagulant/antithrombotic agent used so far. novel sulfated polysaccharides like the marine dermatan sulfate, sulfated fucans and galactans are also able to block clot and thrombus formation. these relatively new marine glycans call special attention ... | 2014 | 25138087 |
| fucosylated chondroitin sulfate diversity in sea cucumbers: a review. | fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (fuccs) is structurally distinct glycosaminoglycans found from the sea cucumber body wall consisted of chondroitin sulfate type backbone with attached sulfated or non-sulfated fucose side chain. structurally this compound plays an important role in maintaining the body wall integrity and possesses a wide spectrum of biological activities. recently several glycosaminoglycans' structures have been solved to elucidate its physicochemical activity. the purpose of this ... | 2014 | 25129732 |
| production of destruxins from metarhizium spp. fungi in artificial medium and in endophytically colonized cowpea plants. | destruxins (dtxs) are cyclic depsipeptides produced by many metarhizium isolates that have long been assumed to contribute to virulence of these entomopathogenic fungi. we evaluated the virulence of 20 metarhizium isolates against insect larvae and measured the concentration of dtxs a, b, and e produced by these same isolates in submerged (shaken) cultures. eight of the isolates (arsef 324, 724, 760, 1448, 1882, 1883, 3479, and 3918) did not produce dtxs a, b, or e during the five days of submer ... | 2014 | 25127450 |
| immunomodulatory action of triterpene glycosides isolated from the sea cucumber actinocucumis typica. structure-activity relationships. | stimulation of lysosomal activity and ros formation in mouse peritoneal macrophages by five triterpene glycosides, typicosides a1 (1), a2 (2), b1 (3), c1 (4) and c2 (5) has been studied and compared with their cytotoxic activities. glycosides 1-3 possess moderate activities, but the most cytotoxic glycoside 5 is not active. typicoside c1 (4), with low toxicity, was proved to be the most active concerning stimulation of ros formation. this is the first example of a triterpene glycoside from sea c ... | 2014 | 25115075 |
| melatonin promotes seed germination under high salinity by regulating antioxidant systems, aba and ga₄ interaction in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | although previous studies have found that melatonin can promote seed germination, the mechanisms involved in perceiving and signaling melatonin remain poorly understood. in this study, it was found that melatonin was synthesized during cucumber seed germination with a peak in melatonin levels occurring 14 hr into germination. this is indicative of a correlation between melatonin synthesis and seed germination. meanwhile, seeds pretreated with exogenous melatonin (1 μm) showed enhanced germinatio ... | 2014 | 25112973 |
| structure elucidation of five novel isomeric saponins from the viscera of the sea cucumber holothuria lessoni. | sea cucumbers are prolific producers of a wide range of bioactive compounds. this study aimed to purify and characterize one class of compound, the saponins, from the viscera of the australian sea cucumber holothuria lessoni. the saponins were obtained by ethanolic extraction of the viscera and enriched by a liquid-liquid partition process and adsorption column chromatography. a high performance centrifugal partition chromatography (hpcpc) was applied to the saponin-enriched mixture to obtain sa ... | 2014 | 25110919 |
| effects of exogenous spermidine on photosynthetic capacity and expression of calvin cycle genes in salt-stressed cucumber seedlings. | we investigated the effects of exogenous spermidine (spd) on growth, photosynthesis and expression of the calvin cycle-related genes in cucumber seedlings (cucumis sativus l.) exposed to nacl stress. salt stress reduced net photosynthetic rates (pn), actual photochemical efficiency of psii (φpsii) and inhibited plant growth. application of exogenous spd to salinized nutrient solution alleviated salinity-induced the inhibition of plant growth, together with an increase in pn and φpsii. salinity m ... | 2014 | 25069716 |
| endogenous salicylic acid accumulation is required for chilling tolerance in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings. | salicylic acid (sa) is an important plant hormone, and its exogenous application can induce tolerance to multiple environmental stresses in plants. in this study, we examine the potential involvement of endogenous sa in response to chilling in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings. a low temperature of 8 °c induces a moderate increase in endogenous sa levels. chilling stimulates the enzymatic activities and the expression of genes for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) and benzoic acid-2-hydrox ... | 2014 | 25034826 |
| proteomic analysis of cucumis sativus cotyledons after glucohexaose treatment as a part of ros accumulation related resistance mechanism. | glucohexaose is a safe farm chemical used for pathogen prevention, which can induce systemic acquired resistance in cucumber. | 2014 | 25028573 |
| acid-base physiology response to ocean acidification of two ecologically and economically important holothuroids from contrasting habitats, holothuria scabra and holothuria parva. | sea cucumbers are dominant invertebrates in several ecosystems such as coral reefs, seagrass meadows and mangroves. as bioturbators, they have an important ecological role in making available calcium carbonate and nutrients to the rest of the community. however, due to their commercial value, they face overexploitation in the natural environment. on top of that, occurring ocean acidification could impact these organisms, considered sensitive as echinoderms are osmoconformers, high-magnesium calc ... | 2014 | 25028324 |
| bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of cucumbers grown in soils covering a wide range of cucumber cropping histories and environmental conditions. | rhizosphere microorganisms in soils are important for plant growth. however, the importance of rhizosphere microorganisms is still underestimated since many microorganisms associated with plant roots cannot be cultured and since the microbial diversity in the rhizosphere can be influenced by several factors, such as the cropping history, biogeography, and agricultural practice. here, we characterized the rhizosphere bacterial diversity of cucumber plants grown in soils covering a wide range of c ... | 2014 | 25027276 |
| triterpene saponins from the sea cucumber stichopus chloronotus. | sea cucumbers have been used as a dietary delicacy and important ingredient in asian traditional medicine and functional foods over many centuries. using combined chromatographic methods, six triterpene saponins (1-6), including a new compound, stichloroside f (1), were isolated from a methanol extract of the sea cucumber stichopus chloronotus brandt. their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic (1h and 13c nmr, hsqc, hmbc, 1h-1lh cosy, roesy) and fticr-ms data and by compariso ... | 2014 | 25026701 |
| instantaneous adhesion of cuvierian tubules in the sea cucumber holothuria forskali. | the peculiar cuvierian tubules of sea cucumbers function as a defense mechanism. they thwart attacks by creating a sticky network composed of elongated tubules within which the potential predator is entangled in a matter of seconds and thus immobilized. cuvierian tubules are typical instantaneous adhesive organs in which tissue integrity is destroyed during the release of the adhesive secretion. however, very little information is available about this adhesion process. the adhesive epithelium-th ... | 2014 | 24985220 |
| nitrates and nitrites in selected vegetables purchased at supermarkets in siedlce, poland. | vegetables constitute a vital part of the human diet, being the main source of minerals, vitamins, dietary fibre and phytochemicals. they however, also contain nitrates and nitrites, which adversely affect human health. | 2014 | 24964574 |
| transcriptome profiling reveals roles of meristem regulators and polarity genes during fruit trichome development in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | trichomes are epidermal hair-like structures that function in plant defence against biotic and abiotic stresses. extensive studies have been performed on foliar trichomes development in arabidopsis and tomato, but the molecular mechanism of fruit trichome formation remains elusive. cucumber fruit is covered with trichomes (spines) that directly affect the appearance and quality of cucumber products. here, we characterized the fruit spine development in wild-type (wt) cucumber and a spontaneous m ... | 2014 | 24962999 |
| norovirus transmission between hands, gloves, utensils, and fresh produce during simulated food handling. | human noroviruses (hunovs), a leading cause of food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide, are easily transferred via ready-to-eat (rte) foods, often prepared by infected food handlers. in this study, the transmission of hunov and murine norovirus (munov) from virus-contaminated hands to latex gloves during gloving, as well as from virus-contaminated donor surfaces to recipient surfaces after simulated preparation of cucumber sandwiches, was inspected. virus transfer was investigated by swabbing with ... | 2014 | 24951789 |
| use of the slw index to calculate growth function in the sea cucumber isostichopus badionotus. | age and growth analysis is essential to fisheries management. indirect methods to calculate growth are widely used; however, length frequency data analysis in sea cucumbers is complicated by high data variability caused by body wall elasticity. here we calculated isostichopus badionotus parameters of the von bertalanffy growth function. in order to address bias produced by body wall elasticity, we compared the performance of four measurements and one compound index that combines different biomet ... | 2014 | 24909262 |
| what is the most prominent factor limiting photosynthesis in different layers of a greenhouse cucumber canopy? | maximizing photosynthesis at the canopy level is important for enhancing crop yield, and this requires insights into the limiting factors of photosynthesis. using greenhouse cucumber (cucumis sativus) as an example, this study provides a novel approach to quantify different components of photosynthetic limitations at the leaf level and to upscale these limitations to different canopy layers and the whole plant. | 2014 | 24907313 |
| 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin c: a new compound regarded as the next metabolite of cucurbitacin c. | cucurbitacin c, a bitter substance in cucumis sativus l., was isolated from green leaves by using phytochemical methods. an analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) was established for the quantification of cucurbitacin c in different parts of the cucumber plant at different growth periods. cucurbitacin c was detected in the leaves and stems but not in the female flowers, fruits, roots and leafstalks. the level of cucurbitacin c decreased significantly with the proce ... | 2014 | 24896808 |
| transcriptomic changes during regeneration of the central nervous system in an echinoderm. | echinoderms are emerging as important models in regenerative biology. significant amount of data are available on cellular mechanisms of post-traumatic repair in these animals, whereas studies of gene expression are rare. in this study, we employ high-throughput sequencing to analyze the transcriptome of the normal and regenerating radial nerve cord (a homolog of the chordate neural tube), in the sea cucumber holothuria glaberrima. | 2014 | 24886271 |
| planar solid phase extraction clean-up and microliter-flow injection analysis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for multi-residue screening of pesticides in food. | for multi-residue analysis of pesticides in food, a sufficient clean-up is essential for avoiding matrix effects in liquid and gas chromatography (lc and gc) analysis coupled to mass spectrometry (ms). in the last two years, high-throughput planar solid phase extraction (htpspe) was established as a new clean-up concept for pesticide residue analysis in fruits and vegetables (c. oellig, w. schwack, 2011) and tea (c. oellig, w. schwack, 2012). htpspe results in matrix-free extracts almost free of ... | 2014 | 24877980 |
| origin of the different phytotoxicity and biotransformation of cerium and lanthanum oxide nanoparticles in cucumber. | to investigate how the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (nps) affect their biological and toxicological effects, we evaluated the phytotoxicity of ceo2 and la2o3 nps to cucumber (cucumis sativus) plants and tried to clarify the relation between physicochemical properties of nps and their behaviors. ceo2 nps had no phytotoxicity to cucumber at all tested concentrations, while la2o3 nps showed significant inhibition on root elongation (≥ 2 mg/l), shoot elongation (at 2000 mg/l), root bi ... | 2015 | 24877678 |
| paenibacillus cucumis sp. nov. isolated from greenhouse soil. | strain co 4-7(t) was isolated from greenhouse soil used for cultivation of cucumbers in korea. the 16s rrna gene sequence of strain co 4-7(t) showed the highest sequence similarity with paenibacillus contaminans ckobp-6(t) (94.2%) among the type strains. strain co 4-7(t) was a strictly aerobic, gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, and motile rodshaped bacterium. strain co 4-7(t) grew at 10-45°c (optimum, 30°c), at ph 6.0-7.5 (optimum, ph 6.5) and in the presence of 0-5% nacl (optimum, 0.5% ... | 2014 | 24871973 |
| safety assessment of cucumis sativus (cucumber)-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. | the cir expert panel assessed the safety of 6 cucumis sativus (cucumber)-derived ingredients and found them safe in cosmetic formulations in the present practices of use and concentration. these ingredients are reported to function in cosmetics as skin-conditioning agents. cucumber is a commonly consumed food with no history of significant adverse effects, suggesting that its ingredients should not pose any major safety issues following oral exposure. this assessment focused on the dermal exposu ... | 2014 | 24861368 |
| phylogenomic analysis of echinoderm class relationships supports asterozoa. | while some aspects of the phylogeny of the five living echinoderm classes are clear, the position of the ophiuroids (brittlestars) relative to asteroids (starfish), echinoids (sea urchins) and holothurians (sea cucumbers) is controversial. ophiuroids have a pluteus-type larva in common with echinoids giving some support to an ophiuroid/echinoid/holothurian clade named cryptosyringida. most molecular phylogenetic studies, however, support an ophiuroid/asteroid clade (asterozoa) implying either co ... | 2014 | 24850925 |
| qtl-seq identifies an early flowering qtl located near flowering locus t in cucumber. | next-generation sequencing enabled a fast discovery of a major qtl controlling early flowering in cucumber, corresponding to the ft gene conditioning flowering time in arabidopsis. next-generation sequencing technologies are making it faster and more efficient to establish the association of agronomic traits with molecular markers or candidate genes, which is the requirement for marker-assisted selection in molecular breeding. early flowering is an important agronomic trait in cucumber (cucumis ... | 2014 | 24845123 |
| development of a cucumis sativus tilling platform for forward and reverse genetics. | cucumber (cucumis sativus) belongs to the cucurbitaceae family that includes more than 800 species. the cucumber genome has been recently sequenced and annotated. transcriptomics and genome sequencing of many plant genomes are providing information on candidate genes potentially related to agronomically important traits. to accelerate functional characterization of these genes in cucumber we have generated an ems mutant population that can be used as a tilling platform for reverse genetics. | 2014 | 24835852 |
| discovery of novel saponins from the viscera of the sea cucumber holothuria lessoni. | sea cucumbers, sometimes referred to as marine ginseng, produce numerous compounds with diverse functions and are potential sources of active ingredients for agricultural, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products. we examined the viscera of an australian sea cucumber holothuria lessoni massin et al. 2009, for novel bioactive compounds, with an emphasis on the triterpene glycosides, saponins. the viscera were extracted with 70% ethanol, and this extract was purified by a liquid-li ... | 2014 | 24821624 |
| a gamyb homologue csgamyb1 regulates sex expression of cucumber via an ethylene-independent pathway. | cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is a typical monoecious vegetable with individual male and female flowers, and has been used as a model plant for sex determination. it is well known that sex differentiation of cucumber can be regulated by phytohormones, such as gibberellic acid (ga) and ethylene. the molecular mechanism of female sex expression modulated by ethylene has been widely understood, but how ga controls male sex expression remains elusive. in hermaphroditic arabidopsis and rice, ga can r ... | 2014 | 24790111 |
| promotion and computation of inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity of herbal cream by incorporating indigenous medicinal plants. | herbal cream imparts a chief role in regulating melanin production of skin. the phytoconstituents present in herbal cream impact biological functions of skin and contribute nutrients required for the healthy skin. in the present study, it was envisaged to prepare three batches of herbal cream (hc1, hc2 and hc3) containing ethanol extracts of emblica officinalis (fruits), daucus carota (root), mangifera indica (leaves), mentha arvensis (leaves), terminalia arjuna (bark) and cucumis sativus (fruit ... | 2014 | 24783796 |
| [extraction of total rna and cloning of sgdhar gene from siraitia grosvenorii]. | total rna was isolated from siraitia grosvenorii fruit by the method of modified trizol, according to s. grosvenorii fruit characteristics of rich phenols, polysaccharide, oil and proteins. the od260/280, od260/230, rna integrity (rin) and yield of the total rna with this method were 2.01, 2.02, 9.50 and 260 mirog.g-1, respectively. the open reading frame (orf) of dehydroascorbate reductase (dhar), named as sgdhar, was cloned by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) and rt-pcr method from s. g ... | 2014 | 24783516 |
| hydrogen peroxide mediates abscisic acid-induced hsp70 accumulation and heat tolerance in grafted cucumber plants. | root-shoot communications play important roles in plant stress responses. here, we examined the roles of root-sourced signals in the shoot response to heat in cucumber plants. cucumber plants grafted onto their own roots and luffa roots were exposed to aerial and root-zone heat to examine their tolerance by assessing the levels of oxidative stress, psii photoinhibition, accumulation of abscisic acid (aba), h2 o2 and heat shock protein (hsp) 70 using immunoblotting, chlorophyll fluorescence, immu ... | 2014 | 24773056 |
| genome-wide analysis of the bzip transcription factors in cucumber. | bzip proteins are one of the largest transcriptional regulators playing crucial roles in plant development, physiological processes, and biotic/abiotic stress responses. despite the availability of recently published draft genome sequence of cucumis sativus, no comprehensive investigation of these family members has been presented for cucumber. we have identified 64 bzip transcription factor-encoding genes in the cucumber genome. based on structural features of their encoded proteins, csbzip gen ... | 2014 | 24760072 |
| value, market preferences and trade of beche-de-mer from pacific island sea cucumbers. | market preferences of natural resources contribute to shape their exploitation and production. beche-de-mer, the product after gutting, cooking, salting and drying sea cucumbers, is exported worldwide to asian dried seafood markets. a better understanding of the trade, value and market preferences of pacific island beche-de-mer could identify critical postharvest processing techniques and management strategies for fisheries and aquaculture. data were collected on export prices and trade of beche ... | 2014 | 24736374 |
| the sub/supra-optimal temperature-induced inhibition of photosynthesis and oxidative damage in cucumber leaves are alleviated by grafting onto figleaf gourd/luffa rootstocks. | shoot-root communication is involved in plant stress responses, but its mechanism is largely unknown. to determine the role of roots in stress tolerance, cucumber (cucumis sativus) shoots from plants with roots of their own or with figleaf gourd (cucurbita ficifolia, a chilling-tolerant species) or luffa (luffa cylindrica (l.) m. roem., a heat-tolerant species) rootstocks were exposed to low (18/13°c), optimal (27/22°c) and high (36/31°c) temperatures, respectively. grafting onto figleaf gourd a ... | 2014 | 24735050 |
| transcriptome comparison of global distinctive features between pollination and parthenocarpic fruit set reveals transcriptional phytohormone cross-talk in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | parthenocarpy is an important trait determining yield and quality of fruit crops. however, the understanding of the mechanisms underlying parthenocarpy induction is limited. cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is abundant in parthenocarpic germplasm resources and is an excellent model organism for parthenocarpy studies. in this study, the transcriptome of cucumber fruits was studied using rna sequencing (rna-seq). differentially expressed genes (degs) of set fruits were compared against aborted fruits ... | 2014 | 24733865 |
| stability of monosodium glutamate in green table olives and pickled cucumbers as a function of packing conditions and storage time. | the effects of different packing conditions and storage times on the stability of monosodium glutamate (msg) added to two different fermented vegetables (spanish-type green table olives and pickled cucumbers) were studied. factors such as packaging material (glass bottle versus plastic pouch), heat treatment (pasteurisation versus non-pasteurisation), and the presence or not of a preservative compound (potassium sorbate) were considered. the msg content of pickled cucumbers was stable for up to ... | 2014 | 24720705 |
| genome-wide identification and transcriptional profiling analysis of auxin response-related gene families in cucumber. | auxin signaling has a vital function in the regulation of plant growth and development, both which are known to be mediated by auxin-responsive genes. so far, significant progress has been made toward the identification and characterization of auxin-response genes in several model plants, while no systematic analysis for these families was reported in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), a reference species for cucurbitaceae crops. the comprehensive analyses will help design experiments for functional ... | 2014 | 24708619 |
| tuberculate fruit gene tu encodes a c2 h2 zinc finger protein that is required for the warty fruit phenotype in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | cucumber fruits that have tubercules and spines (trichomes) are known to possess a warty (wty) phenotype. in this study, the tuberculate fruit gene tu was identified by map-based cloning, and was found to encode a transcription factor (tf) with a single c2 h2 zinc finger domain. tu was identified in all 38 wty lines examined, and was completely absent from all 56 non-warty (nwty) lines. cucumber plants transgenic for tu (tcp) revealed that tu was required for the wty fruit phenotype. subcellular ... | 2014 | 24708549 |
| an evaluation of three predatory mite species for the control of greenhouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum). | within integrated pest control programmes, the use of high mite inoculations to control hot spots of whitefly is desirable for many growers. in this experiment, two species of predatory mites established as commercial biological control agents, typhlodromips montdorensis and amblyseius swirskii (acari: phytoseiidae), were compared with another, more recently introduced species, amblydromalus limonicus, for their ability to control dense populations of greenhouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporarior ... | 2014 | 24706366 |
| persistence and dissipation of flubendiamide and its risk assessment on gherkin (cucumis sativus l.). | a supervised open field trial was conducted to evaluate the dissipation pattern and risk assessment of flubendiamide in gherkin fruits following foliar application of fame 480 sc at 60 and 120 g a.i. ha(-1). samples of gherkin fruits were drawn at different time intervals and quantified by hplc-dad. the maximum initial deposits of flubendiamide on gherkin were found to be 0.79 and 1.52 mg kg(-1), respectively, at recommended and double the recommended doses. the dissipation pattern of flubendiam ... | 2014 | 24691735 |
| inactivation of atp citrate lyase by cucurbitacin b: a bioactive compound from cucumber, inhibits prostate cancer growth. | prostate cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males, is well recognized as having late disease on-set (mostly at age 60-70) and showing slow/latent disease development, and strategies to prevent cancer formation in late manhood may have significant health impacts. cucurbitacin b (cub) is a naturally occurring compound that is found abundantly in cucumbers and other vegetables, and it is known to exert anti-cancer activities (primarily via apoptosis-induction) in several human canc ... | 2014 | 24690568 |
| specific sulfation and glycosylation-a structural combination for the anticoagulation of marine carbohydrates. | based on considered achievements of the last 25 years, specific combinations of sulfation patterns and glycosylation types have been proved to be key structural players for the anticoagulant activity of certain marine glycans. these conclusions were obtained from comparative and systematic analyses on the structure-anticoagulation relationships of chemically well-defined sulfated polysaccharides of marine invertebrates and red algae. these sulfated polysaccharides are known as sulfated fucans (s ... | 2014 | 24639954 |
| suboptimal choice by dogs: when less is better than more. | the less is more effect, an example of an affect heuristic, can be shown in humans when they give greater value to a set of six baseball cards in perfect condition, than to the same set of six perfect cards together with three additional cards each with some value but in fair condition. a similar effect has been reported in monkeys which will eat both grapes and cucumbers but prefer grapes, when they prefer a single grape over a single grape plus a slice of cucumber. in the present experiment, w ... | 2014 | 24638874 |
| single-copy gene-based chromosome painting in cucumber and its application for chromosome rearrangement analysis in cucumis. | chromosome painting based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) has played an important role in chromosome identification and research into chromosome rearrangements, diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities and evolution in human and animal species. however, it has not been applied widely in plants due to the large amounts of dispersed repetitive sequences in chromosomes. in the present work, a chromosome painting method for single-copy gene pools in cucumis sativus was successfully develop ... | 2014 | 24635663 |
| a cucumber della homolog csgaip may inhibit staminate development through transcriptional repression of b class floral homeotic genes. | in hermaphroditic arabidopsis, the phytohormone gibberellin (ga) stimulates stamen development by opposing the della repression of b and c classes of floral homeotic genes. ga can promote male flower formation in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), a typical monoecious vegetable with unisexual flowers, and the molecular mechanism remains unknown. here we characterized a della homolog csgaip in cucumber, and we found that csgaip is highly expressed in stem and male flower buds. in situ hybridization s ... | 2014 | 24632777 |
| evidence of translocation and physiological impacts of foliar applied ceo2 nanoparticles on cucumber (cucumis sativus) plants. | currently, most of the nanotoxicity studies in plants involve exposure to the nanoparticles (nps) through the roots. however, plants interact with atmospheric nps through the leaves, and our knowledge on their response to this contact is limited. in this study, hydroponically grown cucumber (cucumis sativus) plants were aerially treated either with nano ceria powder (nceo2) at 0.98 and 2.94 g/m(3) or suspensions at 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 mg/l. fifteen days after treatment, plants were analyzed ... | 2014 | 24625209 |
| ceo₂ and zno nanoparticles change the nutritional qualities of cucumber (cucumis sativus). | there is lack of information about the effects of nanoparticles (nps) on cucumber fruit quality. this study aimed to determine possible impacts on carbohydrates, proteins, mineral nutrients, and antioxidants in the fruit of cucumber plants grown in soil treated with ceo2 and zno nps at 400 and 800 mg/kg. fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir) was used to detect changes in functional groups, while icp-oes and μ-xrf were used to quantify and map the distribution of nutrient elements, respe ... | 2014 | 24611936 |
| investigation on diazinon and oxydemeton-methyl residues in cucumbers grown in kerman greenhouses. | pesticides are considered as the most polluting substances. the residue of pesticides in agricultural crops, especially in greenhouse harvests, has been reported critical. cucumber, considered as a vegetable, is an agricultural product which is commonly found in the iranian food basket. the current study aims to assess the level of diazinon and oxydemeton-methyl existing in cucumbers sampled from kerman greenhouses. the pesticide residue was extracted by acetone and dichloromethane. the extracts ... | 2014 | 24526616 |
| postembryonic organogenesis of the digestive tube: why does it occur in worms and sea cucumbers but fail in humans? | we provide an integrative view of mechanisms that enable regeneration of the digestive tube in various animal models, including vertebrates, tunicates, echinoderms, insects, and flatworms. two main strategies of regeneration of the endodermal luminal (mucosal) epithelium have evolved in metazoans. one of them involves proliferation of resident epithelial cells, while the other relies on recruitment of cells from extramucosal sources. in any of these two scenarios, either pluri-/multipotent stem ... | 2014 | 24512710 |
| use of palm (poenix dactilyfera l.) fiber and sewage sludge co compost as substrates in soilless crop system. | the co-compostage (cc) of palm (poenix dactylifera l.) fiber (pf) and sewage sludge (ss) at volume rate (1pf/1ss), mixed with top soil (ts) have been used as a substrate for cucumber cultivated in soilless crop system. five substrates with volume ratio t (cc-ts) were tested: t (10-0), t (9-1), t (8-2), t (7-3) and t (6-4). they were compared to peat in nursery and to ts in cucumis sativus l. crop production. total porosity, bulk density, moisture content, rate of drainage, ph and electritical co ... | 2013 | 24505990 |
| transcriptional regulation of abscisic acid signal core components during cucumber seed germination and under cu²⁺, zn²⁺, nacl and simulated acid rain stresses. | abscisic acid (aba) is an important phytohormone that regulates lots of physiological and biochemical processes in plant life cycle, especially in seed germination and stress responses. for exploring the transcriptional regulation of aba signal transduction during cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seed germination and under cu(2+), zn(2+), nacl and simulated acid rain stresses, nine cspyls, three group a cspp2cs and two subclass iii cssnrk2s were identified from cucumber genome, which respectively s ... | 2014 | 24486581 |
| seed oils from non-conventional sources in north-east india: potential feedstock for production of biodiesel. | a total of nine oilseeds with more than 15 wt% oil have been investigated for evaluating them as feedstock for biodiesel industries. fatty acid profiles of all the nine oil samples have been determined by gc-ms analysis. the saponification numbers, gross heats of combustion of the oils and those of corresponding fatty acid methyl esters (fames) as well as cetane indices of the fames have been calculated empirically. iodine values have been determined experimentally. these values have been used f ... | 2014 | 24483850 |
| effect of optimal daily fertigation on migration of water and salt in soil, root growth and fruit yield of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) in solar-greenhouse. | inappropriate and excessive irrigation and fertilization have led to the predominant decline of crop yields, and water and fertilizer use efficiency in intensive vegetable production systems in china. for many vegetables, fertigation can be applied daily according to the actual water and nutrient requirement of crops. a greenhouse study was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of daily fertigation on migration of water and salt in soil, and root growth and fruit yield of cucumber. the t ... | 2014 | 24475204 |
| cucumber superman has conserved function in stamen and fruit development and a distinct role in floral patterning. | the arabidopsis superman (sup) gene encodes a c2h2 type zinc finger protein that is required for maintaining the boundaries between stamens and carpels, and for regulating development of ovule outer integument. orthologs of sup have been characterized in bisexual flowers as well as dioecious species, but it remains elusive in monoecious plants with unisexual flowers on the same individual. here we isolate the sup ortholog in cucumis sativus l (cssup), a monoecious vegetable. cssup is predominant ... | 2014 | 24465952 |
| softenin, a novel protein that softens the connective tissue of sea cucumbers through inhibiting interaction between collagen fibrils. | the dermis in the holothurian body wall is a typical catch connective tissue or mutable collagenous tissue that shows rapid changes in stiffness. some chemical factors that change the stiffness of the tissue were found in previous studies, but the molecular mechanisms of the changes are not yet fully understood. detection of factors that change the stiffness by working directly on the extracellular matrix was vital to clarify the mechanisms of the change. we isolated from the body wall of the se ... | 2014 | 24454910 |
| phyto-indicators in detection of lindane residues in water. | intensive use of pesticides, especially insecticides, in agriculture during the past several decades has already led to contamination of surface and underground waters and sediments in some regions, thus presents a serious problem for the environment. lindane was one of frequently applied insecticides for soil treatment. in serbia, it has been in use since 1944, but in the period 2001-2007 its use was restricted only to timber treatments. in 2009 an international ban on the use of lindane in agr ... | 2014 | 26080488 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of novel phytocystatin gene from turmeric, curcuma longa. | phytocystatin, a type of protease inhibitor (pi), plays major roles in plant defense mechanisms and has been reported to show antipathogenic properties and plant stress tolerance. recombinant plant pis are gaining popularity as potential candidates in engineering of crop protection and in synthesizing medicine. it is therefore crucial to identify pi from novel sources like curcuma longa as it is more effective in combating against pathogens due to its novelty. in this study, a novel cdna fragmen ... | 2014 | 25853138 |
| identification and expression analysis of primary auxin-responsive aux/iaa gene family in cucumber (cucumis sativus). | aux/iaa is an important gene family involved in many aspects of growth and development. aux/iaa proteins are short-lived nuclear proteins that are induced primarily by various phytohormones. in this study, 29 aux/iaa family genes (csiaa01-csiaa29) were identified and characterized in cucumber, including gene structures, phylogenetic relationships, conserved protein motifs and chromosomal locations. these genes show distinct organizational patterns of their putative motifs. the distributions of t ... | 2013 | 24371172 |
| sustainable agricultural use of natural water sources containing elevated radium activity. | relatively elevated concentrations of naturally occurring radium isotopes ((226)ra, (228)ra and (224)ra) are found in two main aquifers in the arid southern part of israel, in activity concentrations frequently exceeding the limits set in the drinking water quality regulations. we aimed to explore the environmental implications of using water containing ra for irrigation. several crops (cucumbers, melons, radish, lettuce, alfalfa and wheat), grown in weighing lysimeters were irrigated at 3 level ... | 2014 | 24345672 |
| contrasting effect of silicon on iron, zinc and manganese status and accumulation of metal-mobilizing compounds in micronutrient-deficient cucumber. | although the beneficial role of silicon (si) in alleviation of abiotic stress is well established, little is known of the relevance of si nutrition under microelement deficiency. the aim of our work was to investigate the physiological role of si in relation to micronutrient (fe, zn and mn) deficiencies in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). cucumber (cv. semkross) plants were grown hydroponically in a complete nutrient solution (control) and in nutrient solutions free from fe, zn or mn, with or with ... | 2014 | 24316009 |
| insights from the complete chloroplast genome into the evolution of sesamum indicum l. | sesame (sesamum indicum l.) is one of the oldest oilseed crops. in order to investigate the evolutionary characters according to the sesame genome project, apart from sequencing its nuclear genome, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of s. indicum cv. yuzhi 11 (white seeded) using illumina and 454 sequencing. comparisons of chloroplast genomes between s. indicum and the 18 other higher plants were then analyzed. the chloroplast genome of cv. yuzhi 11 contains 153,338 bp and a total of 1 ... | 2013 | 24303020 |
| genome-wide analysis of the wd-repeat protein family in cucumber and arabidopsis. | the wd-repeat (wdr) proteins comprise an astonishingly diverse superfamily of regulatory proteins. to date, genome-wide characterization of this family has only been conducted in arabidopsis and little is known about wdr genes in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). this study identified 191 cucumber wdr genes in the latest cucumber genome and the cswdr family contained a smaller number of identified genes compared to arabidopsis. the results of this study were also supported by genome distribution an ... | 2014 | 24292651 |
| germination and root elongation bioassays in six different plant species for testing ni contamination in soil. | in vitro short-term chronic phytotoxicity germination and root elongation test were applied to test the effects of nickel (ni) in seed germination and root elongation in six plants species: cucumis sativus (cucurbitaceae), lepidium sativum and brassica nigra (brassicaceae), trifolium alexandrinum and medicago sativa (fabaceae), phacelia tanacetifolia (boraginaceae). a naturally ni rich soil was used to compare the results obtained. unlike root elongation, germination was not affected by ni in an ... | 2014 | 24288040 |
| grafting-responsive mirnas in cucumber and pumpkin seedlings identified by high-throughput sequencing at whole genome level. | grafting is an important agricultural technique widely used for improving growth, yields and tolerance of crops to abiotic and biotic stresses. as one type of endogenous, non-coding small rnas, micrornas (mirnas) regulate development and responsiveness to biotic and abiotic stresses by negatively mediating expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level. however, there have been few detailed studies to evaluate the role of mirnas in mediation of grafting-induced physiological proces ... | 2014 | 24279842 |
| linking agricultural practices, mycorrhizal fungi, and traits mediating plant-insect interactions. | agricultural management has profound effects on soil communities. activities such as fertilizer inputs can modify the composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) communities, which form important symbioses with the roots of most crop plants. intensive conventional agricultural management may select for less mutualistic amf with reduced benefits to host plants compared to organic management, but these differences are poorly understood. amf are generally evaluated based on their direct growt ... | 2013 | 24261037 |
| reevaluation of health risk benchmark for sustainable water practice through risk analysis of rooftop-harvested rainwater. | health risk concerns associated with household use of rooftop-harvested rainwater (hrw) constitute one of the main impediments to exploit the benefits of rainwater harvesting in the united states. however, the benchmark based on the u.s. epa acceptable annual infection risk level of ≤1 case per 10,000 persons per year (≤10(-4) pppy) developed to aid drinking water regulations may be unnecessarily stringent for sustainable water practice. in this study, we challenge the current risk benchmark by ... | 2013 | 24238739 |
| a genomic variation map provides insights into the genetic basis of cucumber domestication and diversity. | most fruits in our daily diet are the products of domestication and breeding. here we report a map of genome variation for a major fruit that encompasses ~3.6 million variants, generated by deep resequencing of 115 cucumber lines sampled from 3,342 accessions worldwide. comparative analysis suggests that fruit crops underwent narrower bottlenecks during domestication than grain crops. we identified 112 putative domestication sweeps; 1 of these regions contains a gene involved in the loss of bitt ... | 2013 | 24141363 |
| pesticide use practices in rural armenia. | pesticide use can have adverse effects on both human health and the environment. inappropriate use of pesticides increases the health risk to those who work with or live around pesticides. educational programs for agricultural workers on the proper use of pesticides and personal protective equipment coupled with pesticide regulations are important tools to reduce the associated health risks. the authors conducted a survey (n = 2336) on pesticide use practices in the ararat valley of armenia in 2 ... | 2013 | 24125047 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of the ethylene insensitive3 (ein3) gene in cucumber (cucumis sativus). | the plant gaseous hormone ethylene regulates many aspects of plant growth, development, and responses to the environment. ethylene insensitive3 (ein3) is a key transcription factor involved in the ethylene signal transduction pathway. to gain a better understanding of this particular pathway in cucumber, the full-length cdna encoding ein3 (designated as csein3) was cloned from cucumber for the first time by rapid amplification of cdna ends. the full length of csein3 was 2560 bp, with an open rea ... | 2013 | 24114213 |