| effects of nematophagous fungi on numbers and death rates of bacterivorous nematodes in arable soil. | in a series of microcosm experiments with an arable, sandy loam soil amended with sugarbeet leaf, the short-term (8 weeks) dynamics of numbers of nematodes were measured in untreated soil and in gamma-irradiated soil inoculated with either a field population of soil microorganisms and nematodes or a mixed population of laboratory-propagated bacterivorous nematode species. sugarbeet leaf stimulated an increase in bacterivorous rhabditidae, cephalobidae, and a lab-cultivated panagrolaimus sp. diff ... | 1996 | 19277342 |
| biochemical characterization of a gh53 endo-β-1,4-galactanase and a gh35 exo-β-1,4-galactanase from penicillium chrysogenum. | an endo-β-1,4-galactanase (pcgal1) and an exo-β-1,4-galactanase (pcgalx35c) were purified from the culture filtrate of penicillium chrysogenum 31b. pcgal1 and pcgalx35c cdnas encoding pcgal1 and pcgalx35c were isolated by in vitro cloning. the deduced amino acid sequences of pcgal1 and pcgalx35c are highly similar to a putative endo-β-1,4-galactanase of aspergillus terreus (70% amino acid identity) and a putative β-galactosidase of neosartorya fischeri (72%), respectively. pfam analysis revealed ... | 2013 | 22584433 |
| aflatoxin control in maize by trametes versicolor. | aspergillus flavus is a well-known ubiquitous fungus able to contaminate both in pre- and postharvest period different feed and food commodities. during their growth, these fungi can synthesise aflatoxins, secondary metabolites highly hazardous for animal and human health. the requirement of products with low impact on the environment and on human health, able to control aflatoxin production, has increased. in this work the effect of the basidiomycete trametes versicolor on the aflatoxin product ... | 2014 | 25525683 |
| aspergillus fumigatus produces two arabinofuranosidases from glycosyl hydrolase family 62: comparative properties of the recombinant enzymes. | the genes of two α-l-arabinofuranosidases (abfi and ii) from family gh 62 have been identified in the genome of aspergillus fumigatus wmo. both genes have been expressed in pichia pastoris and the enzymes have been purified and characterized. abfi is composed of 999 bp, does not contain introns and codes for a protein (abfi) of 332 amino acid residues. abfii has 1246 bp, including an intron of 51 bp; the protein abfii has 396 amino acid residues; it includes a family 1 carbohydrate-binding modul ... | 2016 | 26769705 |
| an efficient arabinoxylan-debranching α-l-arabinofuranosidase of family gh62 from aspergillus nidulans contains a secondary carbohydrate binding site. | an α-l-arabinofuranosidase of gh62 from aspergillus nidulans fgsc a4 (anabf62a-m2,3) has an unusually high activity towards wheat arabinoxylan (wax) (67 u/mg; k cat = 178/s, k m = 4.90 mg/ml) and arabinoxylooligosaccharides (axos) with degrees of polymerisation (dp) 3-5 (37-80 u/mg), but about 50 times lower activity for sugar beet arabinan and 4-nitrophenyl-α-l-arabinofuranoside. α-1,2- and α-1,3-linked arabinofuranoses are released from monosubstituted, but not from disubstituted, xylose in wa ... | 2016 | 26946172 |
| expanding the feruloyl esterase gene family of aspergillus niger by characterization of a feruloyl esterase, faec. | a feruloyl esterase (fae) from aspergillus niger n402, faec was heterologously produced in pichia pastoris x-33 in a yield of 10mg/l. faec was most active at ph 7.0 and 50°c, and showed broad substrate specificity and catalyzed the hydrolysis of methyl 3,4-dimethoxycinnamate, ethyl ferulate, methyl ferulate, methyl p-coumarate, ethyl coumarate, methyl sinapate, and methyl caffeate. the enzyme released both ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid from wheat arabinoxylan and sugar beet pectin (up to 3mg/ ... | 2017 | 28285179 |
| penicillium subrubescens is a promising alternative for aspergillus niger in enzymatic plant biomass saccharification. | in industrial applications, efficient mixtures of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes are needed to convert plant biomass into fermentable sugars. most of the commercially produced lignocellulolytic enzymes are from a limited number of filamentous fungi, such as trichoderma and aspergillus species. in contrast, the plant biomass-degrading capacity of penicillia has been less explored. we performed growth profiling of several penicillia on diverse plant biomass-related substrates demonstrating the c ... | 2016 | 27469436 |
| the introduction of the fungal d-galacturonate pathway enables the consumption of d-galacturonic acid by saccharomyces cerevisiae. | pectin-rich wastes, such as citrus pulp and sugar beet pulp, are produced in considerable amounts by the juice and sugar industry and could be used as raw materials for biorefineries. one possible process in such biorefineries is the hydrolysis of these wastes and the subsequent production of ethanol. however, the ethanol-producing organism of choice, saccharomyces cerevisiae, is not able to catabolize d-galacturonic acid, which represents a considerable amount of the sugars in the hydrolysate, ... | 2016 | 27538689 |
| [construction of producers of cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes based on the fungus penicillium verruculosum]. | based on the fungus penicillium verruculosum, we created strains with a complex of extracellular enzymes that contains both cellulolytic enzymes of the fungus and heterologous pectin lyase a from p. canescens and endo- 1,4-α-polygalacturonase from aspergillus niger. the endopolygalacturonase and pectin lyase activities of enzyme preparations obtained from culture media of the producer strains reached 46-53 u/mg of protein and 1.3-2.3 u/mg of protein, respectively. the optimal temperature and ph ... | 2015 | 26353405 |
| spatial differentiation of gene expression in aspergillus niger colony grown for sugar beet pulp utilization. | degradation of plant biomass to fermentable sugars is of critical importance for the use of plant materials for biofuels. filamentous fungi are ubiquitous organisms and major plant biomass degraders. single colonies of some fungal species can colonize massive areas as large as five soccer stadia. during growth, the mycelium encounters heterogeneous carbon sources. here we assessed whether substrate heterogeneity is a major determinant of spatial gene expression in colonies of aspergillus niger. ... | 2015 | 26314379 |
| biochemical characterization of a novel endo-1,5-α-l-arabinanase from rhizomucor miehei. | a novel gene (designated as rmarase) encoding endo-1,5-α-l-arabinanase from a thermophilic fungus rhizomucor miehei was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the gene had an open reading frame (orf) of 930 base pairs (bp) encoding 309 amino acids. the amino acid sequence shared highest identity (56%) with a glycoside hydrolase (gh) family 43 endo-1,5-α-l-arabinase from bacillus subtilis and low identity (35%) with the endo-1,5-α-l-arabinase from aspergillus niger. the recombinant endo-1,5-α- ... | 2015 | 25582414 |
| key aromatic residues at subsites +2 and +3 of glycoside hydrolase family 31 α-glucosidase contribute to recognition of long-chain substrates. | glycoside hydrolase family 31 α-glucosidases (31ags) show various specificities for maltooligosaccharides according to chain length. aspergillus niger α-glucosidase (ang) is specific for short-chain substrates with the highest k(cat)/k(m) for maltotriose, while sugar beet α-glucosidase (sbg) prefers long-chain substrates and soluble starch. multiple sequence alignment of 31ags indicated a high degree of diversity at the long loop (n-loop), which forms one wall of the active pocket. mutations of ... | 2013 | 23457711 |
| screening of extracts from natural feed ingredients for their ability to reduce enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) k88 adhesion to porcine intestinal epithelial cell-line ipec-j2. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) k88 is the most prevalent enteropathogen in weaned piglets, with the ability to express fimbria f4 and specifically attach to intestinal receptors in the young piglet. the prevention of etec k88 adhesion to the epithelium by interfering in this fimbria-receptor recognition provides an alternative approach to prevent the initial stage of disease. the aim of this study is to screen, among different feed ingredients (fi), their ability to reduce etec k88 atta ... | 2013 | 23992796 |
| bacillus amyloliquefaciens sb14 from rhizosphere alleviates rhizoctonia damping-off disease on sugar beet. | the use of biocontrol strains recently has become a popular alternative to conventional chemical treatments. a set of bacteria isolated from sugar beet rhizosphere and from roots and shoots of apple and walnut were evaluated for their potential to control sugar beet seedling damping-off caused by r. solani ag-4 and ag2-2.the results of in vitro assays concluded that three isolates, sb6, sb14, sb15, obtained from rhizosphere of sugar beet and five isolates, ap2, ap4, ap6, ap7, ap8, obtained from ... | 2016 | 27664740 |
| application of byproducts from food processing for production of 2,3-butanediol using bacillus amyloliquefaciens tul 308. | a nonpathogenic bacterial strain bacillus amyloliquefaciens tul 308 synthesized minor 2,3-butanediol (2,3-bd) amounts from glucose, fructose, sucrose, and glycerol, and efficiently produced the diol from molasses and hydrolysates of food processing residues. batch fermentations yielded 16.53, 10.72, and 5 g/l 2,3-bd from enzymatic hydrolysates of apple pomace, dried sugar beet pulp, and potato pulp (at initial concentrations equivalent to 45, 20, and 30 g/l glucose, respectively), and 25.3 g/l 2 ... | 2016 | 26460787 |
| surfactin variants mediate species-specific biofilm formation and root colonization in bacillus. | cyclic lipopeptides (clp) and especially surfactins produced by bacillus spp. trigger biofilm formation and root colonization and are crucial for biocontrol activity and systemic resistance in plants. bacillus atrophaeus 176s isolated from the moss tortella tortuosa produces the clp fengycins, iturins and surfactins, possesses antifungal activities and can protect tomato, lettuce and sugar beet against rhizoctonia solani infection. in b. atrophaeus we identified for the first time the variant su ... | 2016 | 27306252 |
| purification and characterization of alkaline pectin lyase from a newly isolated bacillus clausii and its application in elicitation of plant disease resistance. | alkaline pectin lyase (pnl) shows potential as a biological control agent against several plant diseases. we isolated and characterized a new bacillus clausii strain that can produce 4,180 u/g of pnl using sugar beet pulp as a carbon source and inducer. the pnl was purified to apparent homogeneity using ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate fractionation, deae sepharose fast flow, and sephadex g-75 gel filtration. the purified pnl was found to be a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of 35 kda ... | 2012 | 22695924 |
| in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of linear sugar-beet arabinan and its oligosaccharides. | this study was conducted to investigate the prebiotic effects of linear arabino-oligosaccharides (laos) and debranched (linear) sugar beet arabinan (lar) for the development of new prebiotics. laos were prepared from lar by enzymatic hydrolysis with endo-arabinanase from bacillus licheniformis, followed by removal of the arabinose fraction by incubation with resting cells of leuconostoc mesenteroides. the resulting laos contained dp2 (28.7%), dp3 (49.9%), dp4 (20.1%), and dp5 (1.16%). a standard ... | 2015 | 26256159 |
| synergistic action modes of arabinan degradation by exo- and endo-arabinosyl hydrolases. | two recombinant arabinosyl hydrolases, α-l-arabinofuranosidase from geobacillus sp. kctc 3012 (gafase) and endo-(1,5)-α-l-arabinanase from bacillus licheniformis dsm13 (blabnase), were overexpressed in escherichia coli, and their synergistic modes of action against sugar beet (branched) arabinan were investigated. whereas gafase hydrolyzed 35.9% of l-arabinose residues from sugar beet (branched) arabinan, endo-action of blabnase released only 0.5% of l-arabinose owing to its extremely low access ... | 2015 | 25433551 |
| a bacillus licheniformis pectin acetylesterase is specific for homogalacturonans acetylated at o-3. | a recombinant acetylesterase from bacillus licheniformis dsm13, belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 12, was purified and biochemically characterized. the purified enzyme, termed blipae, was capable of deacetylating acetylated pectins, e.g. sugar beet pectin (sbp). contrary to its provisional annotation as rhamnogalacturonan acetylesterase, the enzyme specifically removed acetyl groups from the homogalacturonan region classifying it as a pae. the recombinant enzyme has a molecular mass of 2 ... | 2014 | 24702921 |
| detailed modes of action and biochemical characterization of endo-arabinanase from bacillus licheniformis dsm13. | an endo-arabinanase (blabnase) gene from bacillus licheniformis dsm13 was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli, and the biochemical properties of its encoded enzyme were characterized. the blabnase gene consists of a single open reading frame of 987 nucleotides that encodes 328 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of about 36 kda. blabnase exhibited the highest activity against debranched α-(1,5)-arabinan in 50 mm sodium acetate buffer (ph 6.0) at 55°c. enzymatic characterization reve ... | 2012 | 23274993 |
| microbial inoculants and organic amendment improves plant establishment and soil rehabilitation under semiarid conditions. | the re-establishment of autochthonous shrub species is an essential strategy for recovering degraded soils under semiarid mediterranean conditions. a field assay was carried out to determine the combined effects of the inoculation with native rhizobacteria (bacillus megaterium, enterobacter sp, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus sp) and the addition of composted sugar beet (sb) residue on physicochemical soil properties and lavandula dentata l. establishment. one year after planting, bacillus s ... | 2014 | 24463051 |
| exo-pectinase production by bacillus pumilus using different agricultural wastes and optimizing of medium components using response surface methodology. | in this research, the production of exo-pectinase by bacillus pumilus using different agricultural wastes was studied. agricultural wastes containing pectin such as wheat bran, sugar beet pulp, sunflower plate, orange peel, banana peel, apple pomace and grape pomace were tested as substrates, and activity of exo-pectinase was determined only in the mediums containing sugar beet pulp and wheat bran. then, effects of parameters such as concentrations of solid substrate (wheat bran and sugar beet p ... | 2014 | 24819433 |
| ozonation as an effective way to stabilize new kinds of fermentation media used in biotechnological production of liquid fuel additives. | intermediates from processing sugar beets are considered an attractive feedstock for ethanol fermentation due to their high fermentable sugar content. in particular, medium prepared from raw sugar beet juice seems to be suitable for use in fermentation processes, but it is microbiologically unstable and requires sterilization. | 2016 | 27453725 |
| effects of genetic modifications and fermentation conditions on 2,3-butanediol production by alkaliphilic bacillus subtilis. | two recombinants of alkaliphilic bacillus subtilis lock 1086, constructed via different strategies such as cloning the gene encoding bacterial hemoglobin from vitreoscilla stercoraria (vhb) and overexpression of the gene encoding acetoin reductase/2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (bdha) from b. subtilis lock 1086, did not produce more 2,3-butanediol (2,3-bd) than the parental strain. in batch fermentations, this strain synthesized 9.46 g/l in 24 h and 12.80 g/l 2,3-bd in 46 h from sugar beet molasse ... | 2016 | 26590588 |
| mass spectral molecular networking of living microbial colonies. | integrating the governing chemistry with the genomics and phenotypes of microbial colonies has been a "holy grail" in microbiology. this work describes a highly sensitive, broadly applicable, and cost-effective approach that allows metabolic profiling of live microbial colonies directly from a petri dish without any sample preparation. nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ms), combined with alignment of ms data and molecular networking, enabled monitoring of metabolite ... | 2012 | 22586093 |
| [creation of transgenic sugar beet lines expressing insect pest resistance genes cry1c and cry2a]. | impact of insect pests makes a significant limitation of the sugar beet crop yield. integration of cry-genes of bacillus thuringiensis into plant genome is one of the promising strategies to ensure plant resistance. the aim of this work was to obtain sugar beet lines (based on the mm 1/2 line) transformed with cry2a and cry1cgenes. we have optimized transformation protocol and direct plant let regeneration protocol from leaf explants using 1 mg/l benzylaminopurine as well as 0,25 mg/l benzylamin ... | 2014 | 24818505 |
| screening of liquid media and fermentation of an endophytic beauveria bassiana strain in a bioreactor. | a novel approach for biological control of insect pests could be the use of the endophytic entomopathogenic beauveria bassiana isolate atp-02. for the utilization of the endophyte as a commercial biocontrol agent, the fungus has to be mass-produced. b. bassiana was raised in shake flask cultures to produce high concentrations of total spores (ts), which include blastospores (bs) and submerged conidiospores (scs). the highest concentration of 1.33×10(9) ts/ml and the highest yield of 5.32×10(10) ... | 2014 | 24949278 |
| evaluation of the effectiveness of entomopathogens for the management of wireworms (coleoptera: elateridae) on spring wheat. | wireworms, the larval stage of click beetles (coleoptera: elateridae), are serious soil dwelling pests of small grains, corn, sugar beets, and potatoes. limonius californicus and hypnoidus bicolor are the predominant wireworm species infesting wheat in montana, particularly in the 'golden triangle' area of north-central montana. wireworm populations in field crops are increasing, but currently available insecticides provide only partial control, and no alternative management tools exist. in our ... | 2014 | 24944009 |
| phylogenetic relationships and the occurrence of interspecific recombination between beet chlorosis virus (bchv) and beet mild yellowing virus (bmyv). | samples containing two viruses belonging to the genus polerovirus, beet chlorosis virus (bchv) and beet mild yellowing virus (bmyv), were collected from french and polish sugar beet fields. the molecular properties of 24 isolates of bchv and bmyv were investigated, and their genetic diversity was examined in the coat protein (cp)- and p0-encoding genes. for the first time, we have demonstrated that beet polerovirus populations include recombinants between bchv and bmyv containing breakpoints wit ... | 2015 | 25283610 |
| molecular characterization and construction of an infectious clone of a pepper isolate of beet curly top iran virus. | geminiviruses cause curly top disease, in dicotyledonous plants which constrains host crop production. beet curly top iran virus (bctiv) is a widespread becurtovirus (family geminiviridae) in numerous areas within iran. in this study, we isolated and analyzed a full-length genomic dna of a new variant of bctiv from pepper crops in the kaftark region, east of shiraz (proposed acronym: bctiv-kaf [ir: kaf:2016:pepper]). infected pepper plants showed shortening of internodes, severe interveinal chlo ... | 2016 | 28097164 |
| splicing features in the expression of the complementary-sense genes of beet curly top iran virus. | beet curly top iran virus (bctiv) is a distinct geminivirus which has been reported from sugar-beet-growing farms in iran. in this study, the role of the splicing in expression of complementary-sense genes of bctiv was studied. total rna was extracted from bctiv-infected tissue, and the predicted intron position of complementary-sense mrna transcripts was amplified by rt-pcr followed by cloning of the amplicons. sequence confirmed that both spliced and unspliced mrnas are synthesized by the same ... | 2017 | 28004232 |
| diversity of beet curly top iran virus isolated from different hosts in iran. | beet curly top iran virus (bctiv) is a major pathogen of sugar beet in iran. in order to study diversity of bctiv, we sampled 68 plants in iran during the summer of 2010 with curly top disease symptoms on beans (phaseolus vulgaris), cowpeas (vigna unguiculata), tomatoes (solanum lycopersicum l.), sea beets (beta vulgaris subsp. maritima), and sugar beets (beta vulgaris). plant samples showing leaf curling, yellowing, and/or swelling of veins on the lower leaf surfaces were collected from various ... | 2013 | 23329008 |
| fulfilling koch's postulates for beet curly top iran virus and proposal for consideration of new genus in the family geminiviridae. | beet curly top iran virus (bctiv) is a divergent geminivirus with biological properties similar to those of curtoviruses; however, the virus is distinct from curtoviruses phylogenetically and in its genome organisation. the replication-associated protein is phylogenetically more closely related to those of mastreviruses than to those of curtoviruses whereas the capsid protein shares high amino acid sequence identity (77-83 %) with those of curtoviruses. the 17 bctiv genomes from iran share ~77 % ... | 2013 | 23081676 |
| comparison and evaluation of three diagnostic methods for detection of beet curly top virus in sugar beet using different visualizing systems. | to diminish the time required for some diagnostic assays including polymerase chain reaction (pcr), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp; due to mainly dna extraction step) and also triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (tas-elisa) into a minimum level, an innovative immunocapture lamp (ic-lamp) and immunocapture pcr (ic-pcr) protocol on the basis of beet curly top virus (bctv) genome was used and optimized. tas-elisa was employed first to validate the existence of t ... | 2014 | 24894659 |
| defective dnas of beet curly top virus from long-term survivor sugar beet plants. | long-term surviving sugar beet plants were investigated after beet curly top virus infection to characterize defective (d) viral dnas as potential symptom attenuators. twenty or 14 months after inoculation, 20 d-dnas were cloned and sequenced. in contrast to known d-dnas, they exhibited a large range of sizes. deletions were present in most open reading frames except orf c4, which encodes a pathogenicity factor. direct repeats and inverted sequences were observed. interestingly, the bidirectiona ... | 2014 | 24530983 |
| ambivalent effects of defective dna in beet curly top virus-infected transgenic sugarbeet plants. | beet curly top virus (bctv) limits sugarbeet production considerably. previous studies have shown that infections are associated with the generation of defective dnas (d-dna) which may attenuate symptoms. transgenic sugarbeet lines were established carrying a partial direct repeat construct of d-dna in order to examine whether they are useful as a means of generating tolerance against bctv. thirty four independent transgenic lines were challenged. viral full-length and d-dnas were monitored by p ... | 2011 | 21473892 |
| mitochondrial plasmids of sugar beet amplified via rolling circle method detected during curtovirus screening. | crops of sugar beet have been considerably impaired by infection with beet curly top virus (bctv) during the past decades. quick and reliable diagnostic techniques are therefore desirable to detect this circular single-stranded dna-containing geminivirus. techniques combining either tissue printing or blot hybridization, or rolling circle amplification (rca) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) were compared. although they easily detected bctv with certainty, both exhibited appare ... | 2008 | 18562034 |
| genetic analysis of beet curly top virus: examination of the roles of l2 and l3 genes in viral pathogenesis. | the monopartite dna genome of beet curly top geminivirus (bctv, strain logan) contains four leftward (complementary sense) open reading frames (orfs) designated l1, l2, l3, and l4. we investigated the functions of the l2 and l3 orfs by mutational analysis. we found that in nicotiana benthamiana and sugarbeet plants, neither a functional l2 nor a functional l3 gene is required for infectivity. double mutants were also infectious, and no evidence for a synergistic effect of these genes was evident ... | 1995 | 7856079 |
| recombinant beet curly top virus genomes exhibit both parental and novel pathogenic phenotypes. | recombinant genomes derived from the logan and cfh strains of the geminivirus beet curly top virus (bctv) have been constructed and analyzed for pathogenicity on nicotiana benthamiana and sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). infectivity assays indicated that the latent period on n. benthamiana was primarily determined by a dna fragment bearing the leftward open reading frames (orfs) l1, l2, l3, and l4. recombinants bearing leftward orfs from the cfh strain were characterized as having a short latent p ... | 1994 | 8178452 |
| a number of subgenomic dnas are produced following agroinoculation of plants with beet curly top virus. | in addition to ss and ds genomic dna, agroinoculation of nicotiana benthamiana plants with the logan strain of the geminivirus beet curly top virus (bctv) consistently resulted in de novo production of subgenomic dnas on initial passage. single-stranded and dsdna forms representing at least seven size classes (0.8 to 1.8 kb) of subgenomic dna were observed in total dna extracts from inoculated plants. extracts from infected sugar beet and tomato contained variable but usually smaller amounts of ... | 1992 | 1538189 |
| genomic characterization of phenotypic variants of beet curly top virus. | full-length infectious dna clones were constructed for four distinct phenotypic variants of beet curly top virus (bctv). southern hybridization assays indicated that each cloned bctv genome shared sequence homology with pbct-028, a full-length infectious dna clone of a california isolate of bctv previously characterized by others. restriction endonuclease maps of the cloned bctv genomes were distinct from one another. infectivity assays determined that plasmids containing tandem repeats of bctv ... | 1990 | 2230726 |
| development and evaluation of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of beet necrotic yellow vein virus. | sugar beet can be infected by many different viruses that can reduce yield; beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is one of the most economically important viruses of this crop plant. this report describes a new reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay for identification of bnyvv. in addition, a novel immunocapture (ic) rt-lamp assay for rapid and easy detection (without rna extraction) of bnyvv was developed here and compared with das-elisa and rt-lamp assa ... | 2017 | 27738843 |
| transcriptome analysis of beta macrocarpa and identification of differentially expressed transcripts in response to beet necrotic yellow vein virus infection. | rhizomania is one of the most devastating diseases of sugar beet. it is caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) transmitted by the obligate root-infecting parasite polymyxa betae. beta macrocarpa, a wild beet species widely used as a systemic host in the laboratory, can be rub-inoculated with bnyvv to avoid variation associated with the presence of the vector p. betae. to better understand disease and resistance between beets and bnyvv, we characterized the transcriptome of b. macrocar ... | 2015 | 26196682 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in china. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is a serious threat to the sugar beet industry worldwide. however, little information is available regarding the genetic diversity and population structure of bnyvv in china. here, we analyzed multiple sequences from four genomic regions (cp, rna3, rna4 and rna5) of a set of chinese isolates. sequence analyses revealed that several isolates were mixed infections of variants with different genotypes and/or different p25 tetrad motifs. in total, 12 distinct ... | 2015 | 25997927 |
| new bnyvv p25 variants in belgium. | rhizomania is a widespread viral plant disease of major importance in sugar beet cropping and breeding. it is caused by the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), a benyvirus transmitted by the soil inhabiting plasmodiophorid polymyxa betae. this vector also transmits other sugar beet virus such as beet virus q (bvq) and beet soil-borne virus (bsbv). despite identification of resistance genes, bnyvv remains a major constraint because of resistance-breaking events as well as its ability to surv ... | 2015 | 27141738 |
| infection of beet necrotic yellow vein virus with rna4-encoded p31 specifically up-regulates pathogenesis-related protein 10 in nicotiana benthamiana. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is the infectious agent of sugar beet rhizomania, which consists of four or five plus-sense rnas. rna4 of bnyvv is not essential for virus propagation in nicotiana benthamiana but has a major effect on symptom expression. early reports showed that rna4-encoded p31 was associated with severe symptoms, such as curling and dwarfing, in n. benthamiana. | 2014 | 24961274 |
| proteomic profiling of sugar beet (beta vulgaris) leaves during rhizomania compatible interactions. | rhizomania, caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), severely impacts sugar beet (beta vulgaris) production throughout the world, and is widely prevalent in most production regions. initial efforts to characterize proteome changes focused primarily on identifying putative host factors that elicit resistant interactions with bnyvv, but as resistance breaking strains become more prevalent, effective disease control strategies will require the application of novel methods based on better ... | 2014 | 28250378 |
| deep sequencing-based transcriptome profiling reveals comprehensive insights into the responses of nicotiana benthamiana to beet necrotic yellow vein virus infections containing or lacking rna4. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), encodes either four or five plus-sense single stranded rnas and is the causal agent of sugar beet rhizomania disease, which is widely distributed in most regions of the world. bnyvv can also infect nicotiana benthamiana systemically, and causes severe curling and stunting symptoms in the presence of rna4 or mild symptoms in the absence of rna4. | 2014 | 24416380 |
| effect of sugar beet genotype on the beet necrotic yellow vein virus p25 pathogenicity factor and evidence for a fitness penalty in resistance-breaking strains. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), vectored by polymyxa betae, causes rhizomania in sugar beet. for disease control, the cultivation of hybrids carrying rz1 resistance is crucial, but is compromised by resistance-breaking (rb) strains with specific mutations in the p25 protein at amino acids 67-70 (tetrad). to obtain evidence for p25 variability from soil-borne populations, where the virus persists for decades, populations with wild-type (wt) and rb properties were analysed by p25 deep seq ... | 2013 | 23282068 |
| isolation, cloning and large scale expression of glutathione-s-transferase (gst) protein of polymyxa betae. | the plasmodiophoromycete polymyxa betae, an obligate parasite of sugar-beet roots, is a natural vector of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv). to develop protein based diagnosis for any pathogenic agents including p. betae, a specific immunogenic protein has to be prepared. the glutathione-s-transferase (gst) is expressed in all the morphologically different stages of the pathogen's life cycle, and then it is a good candidate as an immunogenic agent for developing of specific antibodies and ... | 2012 | 23878968 |
| inheritance of resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus in beta vulgaris conferred by a second gene for resistance. | rhizomania is a serious disease of sugar beet, caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv). the disease can only be controlled by the use of resistant cultivars. the accession holly contains a single dominant gene for resistance, called rz. the identification of a locus for resistance that differs from rz would provide possibilities to produce cultivars with multiple resistance to bnyvv. inheritance of resistance to bnyvv was studied by screening progenies of crosses between resistant plan ... | 1999 | 22665213 |
| the defective rnas of closteroviridae. | the family closteroviridae consists of two genera, closterovirus and ampelovirus with monopartite genomes transmitted respectively by aphids and mealybugs and the crinivirus with bipartite genomes transmitted by whiteflies. the closteroviridae consists of more than 30 virus species, which differ considerably in their phytopathological significance. some, like beet yellows virus and citrus tristeza virus (ctv) were associated for many decades with their respective hosts, sugar beets and citrus. o ... | 2013 | 23734149 |
| detection of beet yellows virus by rt-pcr and immunocapture rt-pcr in tetragonia expansa and beta vulgaris. | two sensitive methods, rt-pcr with phenol-extracted rna or triton x-100-released rna and immunocapture rt-pcr (ir-rt-pcr) were used for the detection of beet yellows virus (byv) in young and old leaves of tetragonia expansa and sugar beet (beta vulgaris) and in sugar beet roots. four oligonucleotide primer pairs proved suitable for the detection of byv. the release of byv rna with triton x-100 was shown to be a very effective and easy as compared to isolation of total rna by phenol extraction wi ... | 2004 | 15595212 |
| biochemical and serological comparisons between carnation yellow fleck virus and sugar beet yellows virus protein subunits. | | 1977 | 402744 |
| purification and partial characterization of sugar beet yellows virus. | | 1974 | 4432379 |
| an explanation for the difference in photosynthetic capabilities of healthy and beet yellows virus-infected sugar beets (beta vulgaris l.). | sugar beets (beta vulgaris l.) infected with the beet yellows virus exhibit lower rates of net photosynthesis at light saturation than do healthy plants. these pn reductions were correlated with increases in leaf resistance to water vapor loss. theoretical analyses demonstrated that, although the leaf resistance to water vapor loss increases could account for a major part of the net photosynthesis decreases, some other aspect of leaf functioning also was debilitated by infection. both the levels ... | 1972 | 16658220 |
| effects on myzus persicae (sulz.) and transmission of beet yellows virus of applying certain trace elements to sugar beet. | | 1971 | 5133524 |
| relation of beet yellows virus to the phloem and to movement in the sieve tube. | in minor veins of leaves of beta vulgaris l. (sugar beet) yellows virus particles were found both in parenchyma cells and in mature sieve elements. in parenchyma cells the particles were usually confined to the cytoplasm, that is, they were absent from the vacuoles. in the sieve elements, which at maturity have no vacuoles, the particles were scattered throughout the cell. in dense aggregations the particles tended to assume an orderly arrangement in both parenchyma cells and sieve elements. mos ... | 1967 | 10976202 |
| ultrastructural features of beta leaves infected with beet yellows virus. | a cytochemical and electron microscope study has been made of leaves of sugar beet infected with beet yellows virus. inclusions of particles, which agree in size with beet yellows virus particles isolated by other investigators, have been localized in the ground cytoplasm, in the chloroplasts, and in the nuclei. these particles are circa 100 a in diameter and have an electron-transparent core of 30 to 40 a. use of acridine orange, azure b, and pyronine y has revealed that the cytoplasmic inclusi ... | 1966 | 5971643 |
| effect of keeping viruliferous aphids on plants or glass on their transmission of sugar beet yellows virus. | | 1962 | 13872334 |
| do aphids carry transmissible sugar beet yellows virus via their stylets?-evidence from ultraviolet irradiation. | | 1962 | 13872330 |
| the development of inclusions in sugar beets infected with beet-yellows virus. | | 1960 | 13820739 |
| effects of 8-azaguanine on sugar beet infected with beet yellows virus. | | 1957 | 13400121 |
| the transmission of sugar-beet yellows virus by mechanical inoculation. | | 1949 | 18151953 |
| larval development sites of the main culicoides species (diptera: ceratopogonidae) in northern europe and distribution of coprophilic species larvae in belgian pastures. | some culicoides species of biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are biological virus vectors worldwide and have indeed been associated with outbreaks of important epizoonoses in recent years, such as bluetongue and schmallenberg disease in northern europe. these diseases, which affect domestic and wild ruminants, have caused considerable economic losses. knowledge of substrates suitable for culicoides larval development is important, particularly for the main vector temperate species. this s ... | 2014 | 25241330 |
| chemical composition of silage residues sustaining the larval development of the culicoides obsoletus/culicoides scoticus species (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are biological vectors of bluetongue virus (btv). bluetongue is a viral disease that affects domestic and wild ruminants. since its recent emergence in northern europe, this disease has caused considerable economic losses to the sheep and cattle industry. the biotopes, and more particularly the chemical characteristics which are suitable for larval development of the main vector species, are still relatively unknown. this study shows that the larvae of bitin ... | 2013 | 22963713 |
| taxonomic analysis of the microbial community in stored sugar beets using high-throughput sequencing of different marker genes. | post-harvest colonization of sugar beets accompanied by rot development is a serious problem due to sugar losses and negative impact on processing quality. studies on the microbial community associated with rot development and factors shaping their structure are missing. therefore, high-throughput sequencing was applied to describe the influence of environment, plant genotype and storage temperature (8°c and 20°c) on three different communities in stored sugar beets, namely fungi (internal trans ... | 2016 | 26738557 |
| development of a dna microarray-based assay for the detection of sugar beet root rot pathogens. | sugar beet root rot diseases that occur during the cropping season or in storage are accompanied by high yield losses and a severe reduction of processing quality. the vast diversity of microorganism species involved in rot development requires molecular tools allowing simultaneous identification of many different targets. therefore, a new microarray technology (arraytube) was applied in this study to improve diagnosis of sugar beet root rot diseases. based on three marker genes (internal transc ... | 2016 | 26524545 |
| effect of promoter-leader sequences on transient expression of reporter gene chimeras biolistically transferred into sugarbeet (beta vulgaris) suspension cells. | chimeric constructs consisting of the gus coding region fused downstream of promoterun-translated leader sequences from the tobacco osmotin and pr-s genes, the potato proteinase inhibitor 2 gene (pin2), and the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter were biolistically transferred into sugarbeet suspension cells. each construct was expressed in recipient cells at 6 h after bombardment with maximum levels observed between 12 and 48 h. expression of the pr-s construct mimicked the time-course ... | 1996 | 24178220 |
| formation of ent-isophleichrome by cladosporium herbarum isolated from sugar beet. | an isolate of cladosporium herbarum obtained from leaves of sugar beet produced a phytotoxic red pigment which was identified as ent-isophleichrome (1). production of the pigment was dependent on composition of the culture medium. the toxicity of ent-isophleichrome to sugar beet was strongly influenced by light. the polyketide biosynthetic origin of ent-isophleichrome in c. herbarum was demonstrated by (13)c acetate labelling/(13)c nmr studies. | 1992 | 27280820 |
| exploitation of fta cartridges for the sampling, long-term storage, and dna-based analyses of plant-parasitic nematodes. | the use of dna-based analyses in molecular plant nematology research has dramatically increased over recent decades. therefore, the development and adaptation of simple, robust, and cost-effective dna purification procedures are required to address these contemporary challenges. the solid-phase-based approach developed by flinders technology associates (fta) has been shown to be a powerful technology for the preparation of dna from different biological materials, including blood, saliva, plant t ... | 2014 | 24093923 |
| interaction of ditylenchus dipsaci and meloidogyne hapla on resistant and susceptible plant species. | numbers ofditylenchus dipsaci or meloidogyne hapla invading ranger alfalfa, tender crop bean, stone improved tomato, ah-14 sugarbeet, yellow sweet clover, and wasatch wheat from single inoculations were not significantly different from numbers by invasion of combined inoculations. d. dipsaci was recovered only from shoot and m. hapla only from root tissue. combined inoculations did not affect reproduction of either d. dipsaci or m. hapla. d. dipsaci suppressed shoot growth of all species at 15-3 ... | 1987 | 19290168 |
| the interrelationship of heterodera schachtii and ditylenchus dipsaci on sugarbeet. | heterodera schachtii significantly (p = 0.05) reduced sugarbeet root growth below that of uninoculated controls at 20, 24, and 28 c, and ditylenchus dipsaci significantly (p = 0.05) reduced root growth below that of uninoculated controls at 16, 20, 24, and 28 c. a combination of h. schachtii and d. dipsaci significantly (p = 0.05) reduced root growth below that of single inoculations of h. schachtii at all temperatures and d. dipsaci at 20, 24, and 28 c. single inoculations of h. schachtii and d ... | 1983 | 19295828 |
| parasitism of nonhost cultivars by ditylenchus dipsaci. | the alfalfa race of ditylenchus dipsaci parasitized and caused characteristic symptoms on nonhost seedlings of sweet clover, onion, tomato, sugarbeet, and wheat in controlled growth-chamber studies. although the nematode was unable to reproduce on any of the cultivars, it caused plant mortality ranging from 20% on sugarbeet and tomato to 100% on onion. | 1975 | 19308163 |
| agriculturally-polluted irrigation water as a source of plant-parasitic nematode infestation. | water from a major irrigation canal and water from a deep well was used to irrigate plants growing in methyl bromide fumigated screenhouse ground beds. nematode populations in these beds were compared during three seasons of continuous cropping to alfalfa, bean, eggplant, mint, sugarbeet, or wheat. beds irrigated with canal water became heavily infested with a variety of plant parasitic nematodes while those receiving well water did not. | 1970 | 19322327 |
| a novel bifunctional gh51 exo-α-l-arabinofuranosidase/endo-xylanase from alicyclobacillus sp. a4 with significant biomass-degrading capacity. | improving the hydrolytic performance of xylanolytic enzymes on arabinoxylan is of importance in the ethanol fermentation industry. supplementation of debranching (arabinofuranosidase) and depolymerizing (xylanase) enzymes is a way to address the problem. in the present study, we identified a bifunctional α-l-arabinofuranosidase/endo-xylanase (ac-abf51a) of glycoside hydrolase family 51 in alicyclobacillus sp. strain a4. its biochemical stability and great hydrolysis efficiency against complex bi ... | 2015 | 26628911 |
| identification and distribution of cellobiose 2-epimerase genes by a pcr-based metagenomic approach. | cellobiose 2-epimerase (ce) catalyzes the reversible epimerization of cellobiose to 4-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl-d-mannose. by using a pcr-based metagenomic approach, 71 ce-like gene fragments were obtained from wide-ranging environmental samples such as sheep rumen, soils, sugar beet extracts, and anaerobic sewage sludge. the frequency of isolation of the fragments similar to known sequences varied depending on the nature of the samples used. the ce-like genes appeared to be widely distributed in env ... | 2015 | 25487892 |
| improved ethanol production from cheese whey, whey powder, and sugar beet molasses by "vitreoscilla hemoglobin expressing" escherichia coli. | this work investigated the improvement of ethanol production by engineered ethanologenic escherichia coli to express the hemoglobin from the bacterium vitreoscilla (vhb). ethanologenic e. coli strain fbr5 and fbr5 transformed with the vhb gene in two constructs (strains ts3 and ts4) were grown in cheese whey (cw) medium at small and large scales, at both high and low aeration, or with whey powder (wp) or sugar beet molasses hydrolysate (sbmh) media at large scale and low aeration. culture ph, ce ... | 2014 | 25036968 |
| sugar beet m14 glyoxalase i gene can enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. | glyoxalase i is the first enzyme of the glyoxalase system that can detoxify methylglyoxal, a cytotoxic compound increased rapidly under stress conditions. here we report cloning and characterization of a glyoxalase i from sugar beet m14 line (an interspecific hybrid between a wild species beta corolliflora zoss and a cultivated species b. vulgaris l). the full-length gene bvm14-glyoxalase i has 1,449 bp in length with an open reading frame of 1,065 bp encoding 354 amino acids. sequence analysis ... | 2013 | 23203352 |
| reconstitution, spectroscopy, and redox properties of the photosynthetic recombinant cytochrome b(559) from higher plants. | a study of the in vitro reconstitution of sugar beet cytochrome b(559) of the photosystem ii is described. both α and β cytochrome subunits were first cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. in vitro reconstitution of this cytochrome was carried out with partially purified recombinant subunits from inclusion bodies. reconstitution with commercial heme of both (αα) and (ββ) homodimers and (αβ) heterodimer was possible, the latter being more efficient. the absorption spectra of these reconstitut ... | 2012 | 22855209 |
| cloning of a cystatin gene from sugar beet m14 that can enhance plant salt tolerance. | an open reading frame encoding a cysteine protease inhibitor, cystatin was isolated from the buds of sugar beet monosomic addition line m14 (bvm14) using 5'-/3'-race method. it encoded a polypeptide of 104 amino acids with conserved g and pw motifs, the consensus phytocystatin sequence larfav and the active site qvvag. the protein showed significant homology to other plant cystatins. bvm14-cystatin was expressed ubiquitously in roots, stems, leaves and flower tissues with relatively high abundan ... | 2012 | 22682568 |
| staining of platyhelminthes by herbal dyes: an eco-friendly technique for the taxonomist. | an environment compatible technique to stain platyhelminthes, fasciola gigantica, gastrothylax crumenifer, taenia solium, and moniezia expansa using aqueous and alcoholic extract of sugar beet (beta vulgaris), china rose (hibiscus rosa-sinensis), and red rose (rosa hybrida) were described to minimized the deleterious effects of the synthetic dyes. | 2015 | 27047037 |
| differentiation of eleven fusarium spp. isolated from sugar beet, using restriction fragment analysis of a polymerase chain reaction-amplified translation elongation factor 1alpha gene fragment. | sugar beet in europe is commonly grown in wheat and maize crop rotations and subsequently pile-stored for several weeks. beet is threatened by the colonization of saprophytic as well as pathogenic fusarium spp. a tool for reliable identification based on sequence information of the translation elongation factor 1alpha (tef-1alpha) gene was developed for the numerous fusarium spp. being isolated from sugar beets. in all, 65 isolates from different species (fusarium avenaceum, f. cerealis, f. culm ... | 2009 | 19594311 |
| fcstua from fusarium culmorum controls wheat foot and root rot in a toxin dispensable manner. | fusarium culmorum is one of the most harmful pathogens of durum wheat and is the causal agent of foot and root rot (frr) disease. f. culmorum produces the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (don) that is involved in the pathogenic process. the role of the gene fcstua, a stua ortholog protein with an apses domain sharing 98.5% homology to the fgstua protein (fgsg10129), was determined by functional characterisation of deletion mutants obtained from two f. culmorum wild-type strains, fcuk99 (a highly pathog ... | 2013 | 23451228 |
| characterization of fusarium secorum, a new species causing fusarium yellowing decline of sugar beet in north central usa. | this study characterized a novel sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) pathogen from the red river valley in north central usa, which was formally named fusarium secorum. molecular phylogenetic analyses of three loci (translation elongation factor1α, calmodulin, mitochondrial small subunit) and phenotypic data strongly supported the inclusion of f. secorum in the fusarium fujikuroi species complex (ffsc). phylogenetic analyses identified f. secorum as a sister taxon of f. acutatum and a member of the af ... | 2014 | 25209635 |
| multilocus analysis using putative fungal effectors to describe a population of fusarium oxysporum from sugar beet. | sugar beet (beta vulgaris) fusarium yellows is caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. betae and can lead to significant reductions in root yield, sucrose percentage, juice purity, and storability. f. oxysporum f. sp. betae can be highly variable and many f. oxysporum strains isolated from symptomatic sugar beet are nonpathogenic. identifying pathogenicity factors and their diversity in the f. oxysporum f. sp. betae population could further understanding of how this pathogen causes disease and poten ... | 2014 | 24502207 |
| influence of nonhosts, crucifers, and fungal parasites on field populations of heterodera schachtii. | heterodera schaehtii egg number decline under nonhosts was surveyed for 3-4 years at soil depths of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm in three fields in the imperial valley, california. in the two fields continously cropped to alfalfa, annual decline rates were 49 and 63%, respectively, and did not differ (p = 0.05) between depths. in the third field, cropped to annual nonhosts and fallowed, decline rates of 56 and 80% at 0-30-cm and 30-60-cm depths, respectively, were significantly different (p = 0.05). egg ... | 1981 | 19300739 |
| a new furoquinoline alkaloid with antifungal activity from the leaves of ruta chalepensis l. | bioassay-guided separation with an eye toward antifungal activity led to the isolation of the new alkaloid 5-(1̀,1̀-dimethylallyl)-8-hydroxyfuro[2-3-b] quinoline (1) and the known biscoumarin daphnoretin (2) as the active constituents of the chloroform extract obtained from the leaves of ruta chalepensis. the structures of the metabolites were elucidated on the basis of their spectral characteristics (nmr, uv, and ms) and were compared with the literature. the antifungal activity of the isolated ... | 2010 | 22491304 |
| structure-specificity relationships in abp, a gh27 β-l-arabinopyranosidase from geobacillus stearothermophilus t6. | l-arabinose sugar residues are relatively abundant in plants and are found mainly in arabinan polysaccharides and in other arabinose-containing polysaccharides such as arabinoxylans and pectic arabinogalactans. the majority of the arabinose units in plants are present in the furanose form and only a small fraction of them are present in the pyranose form. the l-arabinan-utilization system in geobacillus stearothermophilus t6, a gram-positive thermophilic soil bacterium, has recently been charact ... | 2014 | 25372689 |
| analysis of the transcriptome of the infective stage of the beet cyst nematode, h. schachtii. | the beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii, is a major root pest that significantly impacts the yield of sugar beet, brassicas and related species. there has been limited molecular characterisation of this important plant pathogen: to identify target genes for its control the transcriptome of the pre-parasitic j2 stage of h. schachtii was sequenced using roche gs flx. ninety seven percent of reads (i.e., 387,668) with an average phred score > 22 were assembled with cap3 and clc genomics workbe ... | 2016 | 26824923 |
| heterozygote deficits in cyst plant-parasitic nematodes: possible causes and consequences. | deviations of genotypic frequencies from hardy-weinberg equilibrium (hwe) expectations could reveal important aspects of the biology of populations. deviations from hwe due to heterozygote deficits have been recorded for three plant-parasitic nematode species. however, it has never been determined whether the observed deficits were due (i) to the presence of null alleles, (ii) to a high level of consanguinity and/or (iii) to a wahlund effect. the aim of the present work was, while taking into th ... | 2015 | 25735762 |
| enhancement of dibenzothiophene desulfurization by gordonia alkanivorans strain 1b using sugar beet molasses as alternative carbon source. | there are several problems limiting an industrial application of fossil fuel biodesulfurization, and one of them is the cost of culture media used to grow the microorganisms involved in the process. in this context, the utilization of alternative carbon sources resulting from agro-industrial by-products could be a strategy to reduce the investment in the operating expenses of a future industrial application. recently, gordonia alkanivorans 1b was described as a fructophilic desulfurizing bacteri ... | 2014 | 24519629 |
| morphological and morphometrical analysis of heterodera spp. populations in jordan. | phenotypic diversity of five jordanian populations of cyst nematodes, heterodera spp. collected from five regions from jordan (ar-ramtha, madaba, dana, al-karak, and jerash) was investigated. soil samples were collected from one representative field in each region. morphological and morphometrical characteristics revealed that heterodera latipons is dominated in cereal fields at ar-ramtha, madaba, dana and al-karak regions and heterodera schachtii in jerash. cysts populations from all cereal fie ... | 2016 | 26858546 |
| phytoecdysteroids: a novel defense against plant-parasitic nematodes. | the phytoecdysteroid, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e), is a major molting hormone of invertebrates, possibly including nematodes. as 20e is inducible in spinach, the defensive role against plant-parasitic nematodes was investigated. the effects of direct application on nematodes was assessed by treating cereal cyst nematode, heterodera avenae, juveniles with concentrations of 20e from 8.2 x 10(-8) to 5.2 x 10(-5) m before applying to triticum aestivum growing in sand. h. avenae, heterodera schachtii (s ... | 2004 | 15609826 |
| ethylene response pathway modulates attractiveness of plant roots to soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines. | plant parasitic nematodes respond to root exudates to locate their host roots. in our studies second stage juveniles of heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (scn), quickly migrated to soybean roots in pluronic f-127 gel. roots of soybean and non-host arabidopsis treated with the ethylene (et)-synthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (avg) were more attractive to scn than untreated roots, and significantly more nematodes penetrated into roots. moreover, arabidopsis et insensitive mut ... | 2017 | 28112257 |
| a cyst nematode effector binds to diverse plant proteins, increases nematode susceptibility and affects root morphology. | cyst nematodes are plant-parasitic roundworms that are of significance in many cropping systems around the world. cyst nematode infection is facilitated by effector proteins secreted from the nematode into the plant host. the cdnas of the 25a01-like effector family are novel sequences that were isolated from the oesophageal gland cells of the soybean cyst nematode (heterodera glycines). to aid functional characterization, we identified an orthologous member of this protein family (hs25a01) from ... | 2016 | 26575318 |
| prevalence, distribution and intraspecific variation of heterodera schachtii populations from semiarid environment. | a two-year survey study was carried-out to identify and determine the distribution, community characteristics and intraspecific variation of the sugar beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii populations collected from the six major sugar beet-producing governorates in syria, west asia. a total of 178 composite rhizosphere soil samples were collected from the six governorates during 2009 and 2010 growing seasons as follows: aleppo (26), ar raqqah (17), dayr az zawr (33), idlib (34), hamah (41) a ... | 2016 | 26981013 |
| use of green manure crops and sugar beet varieties to control heterodera betae. | although it is less studied than the white beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii), the yellow beet cyst nematode (h. betae) has been found in many countries in europe. for example in the netherlands, france and spain. h. betae causes yield losses on sandy soils. a high infestation can result in loss of complete plants. in the netherlands, this nematode is especially found in the south eastern and north eastern part, where it occurs on 18% and 5% of the fields, respectively. from a project of ... | 2014 | 26084110 |
| inducing effect of pgrs on small regulatory si/mirna in resistance to sugar beet cyst nematode. | sugar beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii schmidt is an economically important plant parasite of sugar beet in ukraine. the pest control options are limited. sugar beet cyst nematode resistant varieties are not available on the market. carbamate and organophosphate pesticides have been banned due to the high toxicity. the problem is aggravated by continuously increasing of oilseed rape (which is suitable host for h. schachtii) growing area due to biofuel demands. several studies' results ind ... | 2012 | 23885445 |