| synthesis of tetrasaccharides related to the antigenic determinants from the glycopeptidolipid antigens of serovars 9 and 25 in the mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare-m. scrofulaceum serocomplex. | the synthesis of the tetrasaccharides o-(2,3-di-o-methyl-alpha-l-fucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-o-(2,3- di-o-methyl-alpha-l-fucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl -(1----2)-6-deoxyl-l-talose (36) and o-(2-o-methyl-alpha-l-fucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-o-(2-o-methyl-alpha-l- fucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1----2)-6-deoxy-l- talose (41) is described. the former and the latter structures, respectively, have been proposed as the carbohydrate chains in the polar glycopeptidolipid an ... | 1986 | 2428495 |
| structure and antigenicity of the specific oligosaccharide hapten from the glycopeptidolipid antigen of mycobacterium avium serotype 4, the dominant mycobacterium isolated from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | a large number of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome develop disseminated infections due to member serotypes of the mycobacterium avium complex. seroagglutination on 181 such isolates followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and thin layer chromatography of the type-specific glycopeptidolipid (gpl) antigens demonstrated that the majority of serotypes were m. avium serotype 4. the specific gpl of serotype 4 was isolated in both the native, acetylated, and the deacetylated form ... | 1987 | 2434488 |
| serologic and cellular cross-reactivity of fractions of mycobacterium intracellulare (battey). | sonicates of mycobacterium intracellulare grown in synthetic medium were separated into ammonium sulfate (50%) precipitable and nonprecipitable fractions. gel filtration of the precipitable fraction through columns of sephacryl s-300 resulted in four fractions labeled a, b, c and d in order of elution. fractions c and d were further fractionated into 12 and 13 subfractions, respectively. the subfractions were examined for reactivity by rocket immunoelectrophoresis (r-ie) procedures and by skin t ... | 1986 | 2439398 |
| epidemiology of infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria. vii. absence of mycobacteria in southeastern groundwaters. | using the fluorochrome auramine-o, direct microscopic counts of log phase cells of mycobacterium avium, m. intracellulare, and m. scrofulaceum (mais) group showed excellent correlations with viable spread-plate counts. accordingly, an enumeration of total acid-fast and mais cells by stain and culture (respectively) in groundwaters from three united states regions that differ in their incidence of human infection by mais was undertaken. of 30 state-monitored, undisinfected wells, 11 were in georg ... | 1987 | 2441632 |
| studies on the antigenic specificity of mycobacterium leprae. i. isoelectric and chromatofocusing separation. | cell sonicates of mycobacterium leprae and other mycobacteria were subjected to isoelectric focusing and chromatofocusing to evaluate their protein antigens and to determine if the patterns were significantly different. isoelectric focusing showed that the proteins of all mycobacteria focused within the ph range of 3.5 to 5.5, except those of m. leprae which extended beyond 5.5 to 6.5. these studies have indicated for the first time that the protein antigens of mycobacteria are acidic in nature. ... | 1987 | 2442924 |
| intrinsic catalase dot blot immunoassay for identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium, and mycobacterium intracellulare. | the heat-labile t class of mycobacterial catalase exhibits peroxidase activity with some substrates. most species of mycobacteria produce t-catalase, which is serologically characterized by a combination of shared epitopes and unique, species-specific epitopes. antibodies to t-catalases from mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium, and mycobacterium intracellulare have been cross absorbed with t-catalases from heterologous species and applied as dots to nitrocellulose membranes. when the ... | 1987 | 2443531 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in childhood. | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is associated with considerable morbidity in infants and children. it is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) which can be transmitted vertically from mother to infant early in pregnancy. transmission might also occur via breast milk. although the exact transmission rate of hiv from mother to infant is not known, hiv can become a major threat to child survival. this threat is already present in africa where high seroprevalences have been reported among ... | 1988 | 2456715 |
| molecular-genetic evidence for the relationship of mycobacterium leprae to slow-growing pathogenic mycobacteria. | a total of 1170 nucleotides of the 16s rrna from mycobacterium leprae were compared to the homologous regions of m. tuberculosis, m. bovis vallée, m. avium, m. scrofulaceum, m. phlei, m. fortuitum and one representative each of the genera corynebacterium, nocardia, and rhodococcus. homology values were calculated and a phylogenetic tree was constructed from the evolutionary distance values. despite differences in dna g + c content and genome size, m. leprae is a true member of the slow-growing p ... | 1988 | 2458422 |
| whipple's disease: a report of 22 patients. | twenty-two patients with whipple's disease are reviewed (21 male, 1 female; mean age 49.3 years). all but one were diagnosed by small intestinal biopsy. the most frequent clinical symptoms at diagnosis were weight loss (14/21 patients), diarrhea (13/21), arthralgias (13/21), cramping abdominal pain (11/21), and skin pigmentation (8/21), which anteceded the diagnosis by from 6 months to 10 years (median 3.5 years). all but three patients were treated successfully with tetracycline given for at le ... | 1988 | 2458501 |
| n-formylkansosaminyl-(1----3)-2-o-methyl-d-rhamnopyranose: the type-specific determinant of serovariant 14 of the mycobacterium avium complex. | significant occurrences of pulmonary and disseminated infections due to "atypical" mycobacteria have again focused attention on the mycobacterium avium serocomplex. an examination of the major surface glycopeptidolipid antigen of one of the more prominent and one of the first described serovariants, the boone strain (serovariant 14), has shown that it is characterized by a unique terminal disaccharide unit, n-formylkansosaminyl-(1----3)-2-o-methyl-d-rhamnopyranose. the structure of the entire ol ... | 1988 | 2458834 |
| infection by mycobacterium avium intracellulare in aids: endoscopic duodenal appearance mimicking whipple's disease. | we report the case of a 24-year-old woman who presented with diarrhea, weight loss and abdominal lymph node enlargement. a diagnosis of infection by mycobacterium avium intracellulare with a clinical picture similar to whipple's disease was established. the endoscopic study of the duodenum revealed multiple yellow nodules that became confluent in the second portion, entirely replacing the normal mucosa. these endoscopic findings have not been described previously in intestinal infection by mycob ... | 1988 | 2458917 |
| antigenic relationship between mycobacterium paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium. | four prototype strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis contained the type-specific glycopeptidolipid antigen of serovar 8 of the m avium complex. this glycolipid was distinguished by a 4,6-(1'-carboxyethylidene)-3-o-methyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl terminal unit. of 59 low-passage, field isolates of m paratuberculosis, 2 contained this antigen, and these 2 isolates were indistinguishable from m avium serovar 8. however, most m paratuberculosis isolates had no characteristic surface glycopeptidolip ... | 1988 | 2459998 |
| isolation and characterization of a recombinant lambda gt11 bacteriophage which expresses an immunoreactive mycobacterium intracellulare protein in escherichia coli. | disseminated mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare (m. avium complex) disease is a prevalent opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. because of the increasing importance of this disease, an m. avium complex lambda gt11 expression library was prepared. we screened the library with an absorbed anti-m. intracellulare serum and identified a recombinant phage which expressed a 190-kilodalton beta-galactosidase-m. intracellulare fusion protein. lysates ... | 1988 | 2460405 |
| mic as a quantitative measurement of the susceptibility of mycobacterium avium strains to seven antituberculosis drugs. | mics of isoniazid, rifampin, ethionamide, streptomycin, amikacin, kanamycin, and capreomycin were determined for mycobacterium avium complex strains by two methods: broth dilution in 7h12 medium radiometrically and agar dilution on 7h10 agar plates. the broth-determined mics of all drugs with the exception of isoniazid were two to eight times lower than the agar-determined mics for most of the tested m. avium strains, which is probably due to the higher absorption and degradation of the drugs in ... | 1988 | 2461162 |
| decreased mitogenic response of murine spleen cells following intraperitoneal injection of serovar-specific glycopeptidolipid antigens from the mycobacterium avium complex. | | 1988 | 2462336 |
| two types of suppressor t cells that inhibit delayed-type hypersensitivity to mycobacterium intracellulare in mice. | mycobacterium intracellulare mino grows progressively in the organs of c57bl/6 mice. when c57bl/6 mice were injected with strain mino, very weak or almost no delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) to the specific antigen, m. intracellulare purified protein derivative, was observed. the dth response was enhanced by cyclophosphamide pretreatment, indicating that some suppression mechanism(s) might be involved in dth. in cell transfer experiments it was shown that two types of suppressor t cells, affe ... | 1989 | 2465271 |
| structure of mycobacteria: recent developments in defining cell wall carbohydrates and proteins. | work from this laboratory on the immunogens of mycobacterium species has focused on those based on carbohydrates (with a view to the development of specific tools for the serodiagnosis of mycobacterioses) and on the cell-wall proteins, as a source of protective immunity and as a means of observing specific delayed-type hypersensitivity. most mycobacteria are endowed with specific, highly antigenic glycolipids that are powerful for the serodiagnosis of individual mycobacterial infections: e.g., t ... | 1989 | 2469120 |
| new data on the ultrastructure of the membrane of mycobacterium leprae. | in previous reports on the ultrastructure of mycobacterium leprae, we described the occurrence of symmetric membranes in normal-looking bacilli from fresh or frozen samples primarily fixed with aldehydes. in those reports we admitted that such a symmetric profile, which is not found in the other normal mycobacteria, would not represent the structure of the normal membrane of the leprosy bacillus. we, therefore, re-analyzed the ultrastructure of the membrane of m. leprae. in the present work the ... | 1989 | 2471759 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against specific serotypes of mycobacterium avium and the mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare-mycobacterium scrofulaceum complex. | serotype-specific and mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare-mycobacterium scrofulaceum complex (mais complex)-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were prepared. a series of mabs were obtained, five specific for serotype 2, three specific for serotype 4, eight against a strain of serotype 19, two specific for the mais complex, and two against a common glycolipid shared by all the mycobacteria tested so far. the serotype-specific and the mais complex-specific mabs reacted in immunoflu ... | 1989 | 2473038 |
| generation of monoclonal antibodies to the specific sugar epitopes of mycobacterium avium complex serovars. | monoclonal antibodies have been generated to the unique distal sugar epitopes on the oligosaccharide haptens of the glycopeptidolipid antigens of clinically prominent members of the mycobacterium avium serocomplex. thus, antibodies are described that recognize the distal o-acetyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl residue of the specific glycopeptidolipid of m. avium serovar 1, the 4-o-acetyl-2,3-di-o-methyl-alpha-l-fucopyranose of serovar 2, the 4-o-methyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1----4)-2-o-methyl-alpha ... | 1989 | 2476400 |
| susceptibilities of mycobacterium leprae and m. avium complex to the h2o2-fe-mediated halogenation system supplemented with antimicrobial agents. | the susceptibilities of mycobacterium leprae and m. avium complex (mac) to the h2-o2-fe-mediated halogenation system supplemented with antimicrobial agents were evaluated by fluorescein diacetate-ethidium bromide (fda/eb) staining. in the case of m. leprae, the number of greenstained bacteria (intact cells) was reduced in the presence of the h2o2-fe-mediated halogenation system supplemented with agents possessing antileprosy activity, such as rifampin, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone (dapsone), clof ... | 1989 | 2476523 |
| comparison of bactericidal activities of streptomycin, amikacin, kanamycin, and capreomycin against mycobacterium avium and m. tuberculosis. | the bactericidal activities of four injectable antituberculosis drugs, streptomycin, amikacin, kanamycin, and capreomycin, against mycobacterium avium and m. tuberculosis were tested. all four drugs were highly bactericidal against m. tuberculosis, with low mbc/mic ratios and mbcs significantly lower than the maximum achievalbe concentrations in serum (cmax). in contrast, all four drugs had very low bactericidal activities against m. avium: the broth-determined mbcs were significantly higher tha ... | 1989 | 2478073 |
| radiolabelling of mycobacterium avium oligosaccharide determinant and use in macrophage studies. | internal radiolabelling procedures were used to radiolabel the oligosaccharide determinant of the glycopeptidolipids (gpl) from serovars 4 and 20 of the mycobacterium avium complex. mycobacteria were cultured in the presence of [6-3h]fucose, [2-3h]mannose or [methyl-3h]methionine, after which radiolabelled native lipid was extracted and distribution of radioactivity in native and deacetylated lipid was determined by thin-layer chromatographic methods. incorporation of radiolabel was confirmed by ... | 1989 | 2482334 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium infection in a dog. | | 1989 | 2488356 |
| mycobacterium avium isolated from a domestic rabbit with lesions in the central nervous system. | | 1989 | 2488653 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium serotype 1 infection in a seven-month-old cat. | | 1989 | 2488720 |
| [in vitro activity of clofazimine alone and in combination with amikacin, roxithromycin, rifampicin and rifapentine against mycobacterium avium-intracellulare]. | the activity of clofazimine, amikacin, roxithromycin, rifampicin and rifapentine was tested, alone and in association, against mycobacterium avium intracellulare. clofazimine, amikacin and rifapentine were shown to be very active. with all established associations, the mic observed for each drug alone was appreciably reduced. | 1989 | 2490859 |
| pathogenicity of mycobacterium avium for human monocytes: absence of macrophage-activating factor activity of gamma interferon. | mycobacterium avium is a frequent opportunistic pathogen in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). we compared 12 strains of m. avium in an in vitro model of pathogenicity. peripheral blood-derived monocytes from healthy individuals were infected with m. avium in vitro. bacterial uptake and intracellular replication were assessed by microscopic count of acid-fast bacilli and cfu of bacteria, respectively, in lysed monocytes. the cfu assay showed that among five aids-associated strains, o ... | 1989 | 2491838 |
| interferon-gamma and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection. | | 1989 | 2492589 |
| [simultaneous detection of m. tuberculosis and m. avium-m. intracellulare. a contribution to the clinical aspects and diagnosis of mycobacterioses in aids]. | | 1989 | 2493431 |
| bone marrow in hiv infection. a comparison of fluorescent staining and cultures in the detection of mycobacteria. | fifty-one bone marrow aspirates and biopsies from 47 human immunodeficiency virus-(hiv) infected patients (42 with acquired immune deficiency syndrome [aids], 5 with aids-related complex [arc]) were processed by standard methods for smears and paraffin sections. aspirates were cultured for mycobacteria. the sections, imprints, and smears were examined by fluorescent microscopy with the use of truant's modification of the auramine-rhodamine stain. mycobacterial cultures had positive results from ... | 1989 | 2493737 |
| inhibition by normal human serum of mycobacterium avium multiplication in cultured human macrophages. | normal human serum used as a protein supplement in rpmi 1640 medium inhibited growth in blood-derived human macrophages (mp) of virulent mycobacterium avium serovars 4 and 8, derived from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, but not virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis. a defined serum substitute (ss) promoted the intramacrophage growth of m. avium but not of m. tuberculosis. the effects of serum or ss were measured by counting viable bacteria in lysates of the mp at 0, 4, and 7 days ... | 1989 | 2494117 |
| ldh isoenzyme as a tool for the identification of mycobacteria. | using polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic technique, the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) isoenzyme patterns have been studied in four slow growing mycobacteria viz. mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. avium, m. microti, and m. bovis and four rapid growing mycobacteria viz. m. fortuitum, m. parafortuitum, m. thermoresistible and m. diernhoferi. each mycobacterial species exhibited distinct isoenzyme pattern for ldh. | 1989 | 2495332 |
| defects in sera from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients and from non-aids patients with mycobacterium avium infection which decrease macrophage resistance to m. avium. | some characteristics of the sera and macrophages (mp) of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients which might contribute to their unusual susceptibility to mycobacterium avium infection were studied. cultures of patient peripheral blood mp in medium supplemented with their sera or normal subject sera were infected with m. avium and compared with similar cultures of normal mp. intracellular mycobacterial replication was measured in the infected mp by cfu counts of the bacteria made fr ... | 1989 | 2496029 |
| diagnosis of pulmonary infections in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | over a three-year period, 54 episodes of pneumonia were diagnosed in 45 adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). these episodes were reviewed in order to assess the distribution of pathogens and their clinical presentation. thirty-six episodes were due to an opportunistic pathogen (pneumocystis carinii in 31, mycobacterium avium complex in 3, mycobacterium tuberculosis in 2), and 18 were caused by non-opportunistic pathogens (11 streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 haemophilus influen ... | 1989 | 2498092 |
| diagnosis of mycobacterium bacteremia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome by direct examination of blood films. | thirty acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with mycobacterial bacteremia documented by du pont isolator (du pont co., wilmington, del.) blood cultures underwent microscopic examination of buffy coat blood smears. of 30 patients, 14 were culture positive for mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex and 1 was positive for m. tuberculosis. of 15 culture-positive patients, 13 had identifiable organisms on kinyoun- or auramine-stained direct blood smears. | 1989 | 2498390 |
| promising new drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis and mycobacteriosis. | the aims of this work were to investigate the possible effect of several antimicrobial agents alone and in combinations against 190 clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis and 30 isolates of mycobacterium avium, 30 mycobacterium fortuitum and 30 mycobacterium chelonei. the susceptibility was determined in müller-hinton agar and middlebrook 7h 10 agar. for interpretation of the results the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was determined and for the combinations of antimicrobials we ... | 1989 | 2498468 |
| non-cultivable mycobacteria in ulcers of the skin. | in biopsies of 54 patients suffering from chronic dermatological lesions (mostly ulcers of the skin) acid-fast bacilli were found in 14. in these 14 cases in 4 were lesions caused by m. tuberculosis, in 1 the lesion was caused by m. avium-intracellulare, in 1 the lesion was caused by m. fortuitum and in 2 the lesions were caused by non-cultivable mycobacteria (feldmann-hershfield ulcer?). in 2 cases the cultures were heavily contaminated, and the diagnosis remained uncertain. in the remaining 4 ... | 1989 | 2503961 |
| human gut wall reactivity to monoclonal antibodies against m. avium glycolipid in relation to crohn's disease (preliminary results). | in order to evaluate the role of mycobacteria in the pathogenesis of crohn's disease (cd), 4 monoclonal antibodies (mcab's) raised against m. avium specific glycolipid were tested on bowel resection specimens of cd patients and relevant controls. two of the mcab's had shown a positive reaction to a cd-mycobacteria isolate (cd-myc). the same two mcab's showed a positive reaction within the gut wall, not only in cd patients, but also in the controls. in non-cd controls, however, the positive cells ... | 1989 | 2503972 |
| evidence that host-recycling of mycobacterium avium preserves its ability to hinder macrophage killing functions. | the opportunistic pathogen mycobacterium avium was selected as a model for the study of the bacterial cell envelope and resistance to macrophage killing functions. we hereby demonstrate that characteristic features of m. avium, e.g. existence of a polysaccharide-rich outer layer (pol), presence of a protective capsule also called electron-transparent zone (etz) around phagocytized bacteria, and inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusions (plf), were better expressed by bacteria recently isolated fr ... | 1989 | 2503977 |
| phagosome-lysosome fusions in macrophages infected by mycobacterium avium: role of mycosides-c and other cells surface components. | the phagosome-lysosome fusions (ple) were assessed in case of bone-marrow macrophages infected by the opportunistic species mycobacterium avium, employing the acid-phosphatase (acpase) electron-cytochemistry. the role of surface components was evaluated by coating the bacteria prior to phagocytosis by specific m. avium antiserum or the anti-mycosides-c serum raised in rabbit. plf was evaluated under the electron microscope during (2, 4 hours), or after (24 hours) phagocytosis. the preliminary re ... | 1989 | 2503980 |
| bacterial antigen processing in macrophages infected with the obligate intracellular bacterium, mycobacterium avium. | the intracellular pathway followed by mycobacterium avium antigens was studied by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy after infection in bone marrow-derived macrophages with live or gamma ray-killed bacteria. rabbit antiserum raised against whole sonicated bacteria was used to localise antigens. the acidity of the phagosomal compartment was also investigated by immunoelectron microscopy. preliminary results seem to indicate the phagosomal compartment is less acidified than lysosomes ... | 1989 | 2503981 |
| resistance of mycobacterium avium to microbicidal activities in bone-marrow macrophages from naturally-susceptible (c57b1/6) and naturally-resistant (dba-2) mice. | in this study, the phagosome-lysosome fusion (plf) inhibition and the presence of the electron-transparent zone (etz) around phagocytized mycobacterium avium both in the naturally-susceptible and naturally-resistant mice was compared. we observed marked differences in case of these two mice strains, as plf inhibition, as well as the presence of etz, was more important in case of naturally-susceptible mice. | 1989 | 2503982 |
| isolation and characterization of mycobacteria colonizing the healthy skin. | | 1989 | 2503984 |
| studies on the mechanisms of the synergistic effects of ethambutol and other antibacterial drugs on mycobacterium avium complex. | synergistic effects of combinations of anti-mycobacterial drugs on mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in vitro was studied by radiometric respirometry. pronounced synergy was seen for several drug combinations where ethambutol was found to be the key drug in the synergistic potentiation. microcalorimetric studies show that a very rapid physico-chemical interaction occurs between the cell-surface of mac and ethambutol. when mac cells were pretreated with ethambutol and then subjected to streptomyc ... | 1989 | 2503989 |
| genetic relatedness among mycobacterium paratuberculosis and m. avium complex. | total dna was extracted from m. paratuberculosis (atcc 19698) and from m. avium complex (atcc 25291) cultivated on rvb-10 enriched liquid media. restriction endonuclease analysis of total dna was performed with 34 enzymes and dna digestion profiles were compared. fifteen enzymes revealed important differences between the two species. two pairs of enzymes (ecorii, bstni) and (mboi, sau3ai) provide evidence for the presence of dcmi and dam methylation in dna of m. avium complex and m. paratubercul ... | 1989 | 2503996 |
| pyrimidine biosynthesis in mycobacterium leprae and other intracellular mycobacteria. | all the enzymes which could be detected in mycobacteria that are unique to the de novo pathway of pyrimidine biosynthesis were shown (in cell extracts) in m. leprae. activity of the first enzyme in the pathway, aspartate transcarbamylase was shown in m. microti and m. avium grown in vivo and in liquid dubos medium. this suggested that the very low activity of pyrimidine biosynthesis de novo in intact m. microti and m. avium grown in vivo, and the failure to detect any activity in m. leprae, is a ... | 1989 | 2504001 |
| serologic and immunocytochemical analysis of the mycobacterium avium cell envelope. | whole cell sonicates of mycobacterium avium atcc 15769, and subcellular fractions (cyt, cytosol; cm, cytoplasmic membrane; cws, delipidated cell wall skeleton; ol, native lipids; and sds, sodium dodecylsulfate extract of whole cells) were injected into rabbits to produce corresponding antisera. immunoelectrophoretic analysis and immunochemical observations using electron microscopy showed that few of the antigens synthetized intracellularly were exported and located in the bacterial outer layers ... | 1989 | 2504006 |
| methionine as methyl-group donor in the synthesis of mycobacterium avium envelope lipids, and its inhibition by dl-ethionine, d-norleucine and dl-norleucine. | the radioactivity from 3h-methyl methionine was rapidly incorporated into the surface lipids of mycobacterium avium. the transmethylation reaction was efficiently inhibited by dl-ethionine, d-norleucine and dl-norleucine. the structure of the outerlayer of the m. avium envelope was profoundly altered in the bacteria treated with dl-norleucine. | 1989 | 2504011 |
| structure and function of mycobacterial glycolipids and glycopeptidolipids. | earlier work from this and other laboratories has revealed the presence within mycobacterium spp. of three classes of glycolipid antigens which we have called the glycopeptidolipids, the lipooligosaccharides and the phenolic glycolipids. representative structures of each from different species and sub-species have been proposed. more recently, new variants of these antigens and older structures have been analyzed by fourier transform infrared, nmr, particularly at high temperatures, and, most no ... | 1989 | 2504012 |
| rapid and precise diagnosis of atypical mycobacterial infection by chemotaxonomical and immunological methods. | the species of 205 strains of acid fast bacteria isolated from swine and human mycobacteriosis were identified chemotaxonomically and numericaltaxonomically. the species of the isolates which were identified numericaltaxonomically as mycobacterium avium intracellulare (mai) complex were further classified by using both thin-layer chromatography of the antigenic glycopeptidolipids (gpl) from the bacteria and seroagglutination test devised by schaefer. these mai complex from swine fell into seroty ... | 1989 | 2504013 |
| mixed mycobacterial cultures--occurrence in the clinical laboratory. | during a 2-year period we observed at our institution 22 mixed mycobacterial cultures among a total of 991, representing 20 patients. we found no evidence of double infection. mixed cultures frequently contained saprophytic organisms. our experiments have shown that subculturing, especially into liquid media, can significantly change the relative quantities of cfu's present in mixed cultures. we believe that the use of agar media is useful for the recognition of mixed cultures. | 1989 | 2504179 |
| direct identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium, and mycobacterium intracellulare from amplified primary cultures in bactec media using dna probes. | dna probes (gen-probe, san diego, calif.) directed at the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex were used to identify acid-fast bacilli directly from specimens grown in bactec 12b bottles (becton dickinson and co., towson, md.). clinical specimens were inoculated directly or after decontamination into a bactec 12b bottle, middlebrook 7h11 agar, and lowenstein-jensen medium. conventional media were incubated at 37 degrees c in 5% co2 and examined wee ... | 1989 | 2504770 |
| new antimycobacterial agents. | development of new antimycobacterial agents has gained impetus from the frequent occurrence of disseminated m. avium complex infections associated with the aids epidemic and the resurgence of tuberculosis. promising new agents are being developed by modification of existing antimycobacterial agents (for example, aminoglycosides, macrolides, beta-lactams, and rifamycins) and by development of new therapeutic classes of drugs (for example, 4-quinolones). in addition, new drug delivery systems (lip ... | 1989 | 2505963 |
| broth culture: the modern 'guinea-pig' for isolation of mycobacteria. | three cases of mycobacterial infection were confirmed in our laboratory by exclusive isolation of the pathogen in middlebrook 7h9 broth medium. the mycobacteria failed to grow in all three cases on three different solid media. in one patient mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from a pleural biopsy; a lymph node biopsy from another patient also yielded m. tuberculosis and m. avium-intracellulare was isolated from the spinal fluid of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). o ... | 1989 | 2506684 |
| elisa analysis of bactec bottles for the earlier diagnosis of tuberculosis. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) have enabled earlier identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis (tb) in clinical settings by utilizing both tb antibody and antigen detection. we studied the sensitivity and specificity of elisa detection of tb antigen by using a commercially available anti-bcg antibody in conjunction with bactec 7h12b culture bottles. we compared these results against those obtained with cultures of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and mycobacterium kansasii. all b ... | 1989 | 2506783 |
| role of culture for mycobacteria in fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis. | a total of 390 cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis was subjected to fine-needle aspiration cytology; 100 of the aspirates were subjected to culture for mycobacteria. the overall acid-fast bacilli (afb) positivity in smears was 23.58%, with a maximum positivity of 32.94% in smears with both necrosis and granuloma. the overall rate of isolation of mycobacteria on culture was 35%. mycobacteria were more frequently isolated from caseating lesions (40%) than noncaseating lesions (9%). caseating lesion ... | 1989 | 2507267 |
| [a supplement study on the in vitro activity of sulfadimethoxine on mycobacterium avium complex--combined effect with other antituberculosis drugs]. | previously the author observed that sulfadimethoxine is most effective among sulfa drugs against mycobacterium avium complex strains (tsukamura, m.: kekkaku 58: 247-250, 1983) and used this drug in the treatment of pulmonary infection caused by m. avium complex (tsukamura, m.: kekkaku 59: 33-37, 1983). in the present study, some supplemental observations were carried out on the in vitro activity of this drug. in vitro susceptibility testing of sulfadimethoxine by the use of ogawa egg medium was ... | 1989 | 2507819 |
| detection and identification of mycobacteria by amplification of mycobacterial dna. | a 383bp segment of the gene coding for the 65kd mycobacterial antigens from mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium bovis, mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium paratuberculosis, and mycobacterium fortuitum was amplified using taq polymerase and synthetic oligonucleotide primers and the amplified dnas from four of these species were compared by nucleotide sequencing. although the gene segments from these species showed considerable similarity, oligonucleotide probes which could distinguish m. tub ... | 1989 | 2507865 |
| [a comparative study of delayed hypersensitivity due to mycobacteria and their isolated protein fractions]. | the role of intracellular protein fractions, isolated from m. tuberculosis virulent strains in the process of the electrophoretic separation, in the development of delayed hypersensitivity reactions has been studied. low reactogenicity of protein fractions has been established on the basis of the development of faint immunopathological reactions in sensitized animals. high-molecular fraction 1 may be used as a sensitive preparation for the differentiation of individual mycobacterial species. | 1989 | 2510431 |
| radiometric studies on the use of selective inhibitors in the identification of mycobacterium spp. | radiometric selective inhibition tests were developed and evaluated for the rapid differentiation of mycobacterium spp. both a p-nitrobenzoic acid (pnb) test and a commercially-prepared p-nitro-alpha-acetylamino-beta-hydroxypropiophenone (nap) test successfully differentiated m. tuberculosis and m. bovis from "atypical" mycobacteria or mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli (mott). thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide (tch) readily distinguished human m. tuberculosis strains from m. bovis, ir ... | 1989 | 2511320 |
| inter-bottle transfer of mycobacteria by the bactec 460. | as a result of several episodes of inter-bottle transfer of molds and mycobacteria in our bactec 460 tb system (johnston laboratories, towson, md), we designed some experiments to attempt to reproduce the transfer process. we demonstrated that organism transfer could occur with our instrument during routine use without any indication of instrument malfunction. utilizing a redesigned a1b4 circuit board that extends the time of the needle heating cycle to 85 sec and increases the needle heater max ... | 1989 | 2515024 |
| [suppressor t cells against delayed type hypersensitivity to mycobacterium intracellulare]. | mycobacterium intracellulare mino strain (mino) grows progressively in the organs of susceptible mice, such as c57bl/6, c57bl/10 or balb/c. it is very difficult to induce acquired immunity against m. intracellulare in those susceptible mice. c57bl/6 (b6) mice show no or very weak delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) to partially purified mino antigens when sensitized with 10(7) living mino subcutaneously. b6 mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide (cy) showed enhanced dth to mino, suggesting that s ... | 1989 | 2525136 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of clarithromycin against mycobacterium avium. | there is no effective therapy to treat mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. clarithromycin (a-56268; te-031) is a new macrolide which is twofold more active than erythromycin against most aerobic bacteria. in addition, higher levels in serum and tissue are achieved with clarithromycin than with erythromycin. in this study, clarithromycin, erythromycin, difloxacin, temafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, rifampin, amikacin, and ethambutol were tested in ... | 1989 | 2530933 |
| diagnostic implications of ga-67 chest-scan patterns in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients. | consecutive gallium-67 scans (n = 237) of 180 human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with suspected pulmonary infections were evaluated for intensity and pattern of gallium distribution. scan findings were correlated with the history, chest radiographic findings, and clinicopathologic diagnoses. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) occurred significantly more often with heterogeneous diffuse uptake than with homogeneous diffuse uptake. heterogeneous diffuse uptake had an 87% positive ... | 1989 | 2536945 |
| [pulmonary changes in aids]. | we reviewed retrospectively the clinical records of 28 patients with aids staged group iv according to cdc-criteria. among these, 19 had pulmonary disease: most of them (n = 17) had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). 12/17 patients with proven pcp displayed typical x-ray findings with diffuse perihilar interstitial infiltration sparing lung periphery. 3/17 had atypical features and 2 normal chest x-ray findings. these data are important to identify patients with pulmonary complications of aid ... | 1989 | 2538872 |
| cerebrospinal fluid manifestations of the neurologic complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | cerebrospinal fluid (csf) cytology, white blood cell (wbc) count and protein were evaluated in 32 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) or an aids-related complex who manifested a variety of neurologic symptoms. of 17 patients with aids-related encephalitis (are), 13 had hypocellular csfs; elevated wbcs and pleocytosis were noted in 4, multinucleated giant cells in 2 and elevated csf protein was found in 4 of 8 specimens tested. ... | 1989 | 2538986 |
| non-cryptosporidial diarrhoea in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected patients. | thirty of 81 consecutive hiv antibody positive patients referred with non-cryptosporidial diarrhoea had no potential infectious cause; most had aids related complex rather than the full blown syndrome. opportunistic infections with cytomegalovirus (cmv), mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai), and herpes simplex virus (hsv), which allowed a diagnosis of aids to be made, were found in 19 patients and were the presenting features of aids in five. other potential pathogenic species included entam ... | 1989 | 2539310 |
| superiority of enviomycin or streptomycin over ethambutol in initial treatment of lung disease caused by mycobacterium avium complex. | the rate of sputum conversion (continuously negative cultures for six months or more) was compared among four regimens given to 83 patients with moderately advanced, cavitary lung disease caused by mycobacterium avium complex untreated previously. the regimens of rifampin + isoniazid + enviomycin and rifampin + isoniazid + streptomycin appeared to be superior to the regimen of rifampin + isoniazid + ethambutol. no statistically significant difference was observed between the regimens rifampin + ... | 1989 | 2539957 |
| in vitro and in vivo activity of azithromycin (cp 62,993) against the mycobacterium avium complex. | | 1989 | 2540252 |
| testicular atrophy in aids: a study of 57 autopsy cases. | the pertinent clinical data and histologic features of the testes in 57 autopsied acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients were analyzed and compared with those of 55 age-matched control patients without aids. the testes of the aids patients showed a significantly lower degree of spermatogenesis (determined by a testicular score count), as well as more prominent thickening of the basement membrane and interstitial fibrosis when compared with the controls. while the precise cause of tes ... | 1989 | 2542150 |
| case records of the massachusetts general hospital. weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 23-1989. a 25-year-old woman with a right pulmonary density 14 months after a right upper lobectomy for an atypical carcinoid tumor. | | 1989 | 2542791 |
| cd4 counts as predictors of opportunistic pneumonias in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | to determine if circulating cd4+ lymphocyte counts are predictive of specific infectious or neoplastic processes causing pulmonary dysfunction. | 1989 | 2546472 |
| insertion elements in mycobacteria. | we have isolated and characterised a repetitive element from the genome of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. this repetitive element shows many features characteristic of a bacterial insertion element. | 1989 | 2548361 |
| oesophageal symptoms, their causes, treatment, and prognosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | in a prospective study of 154 aids patients, 48 (31%) complained of pain on swallowing both liquids and solids and 32 (21%) of these also had dysphagia. while candidiasis was the most common cause of symptoms (26 patients), discrete ulceration of the oesophagus occurred in 12 instances in 10 patients (four cytomegalovirus, four herpes simplex virus, three aphthous ulcer, one peptic ulcer). one patient had a diffuse oesophagitis caused by mycobacterium avium intracellulare. no cause was found for ... | 1989 | 2548933 |
| pituitary pathology in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | pituitary morphology was studied in 49 autopsied patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. direct infectious involvement was noted in six adenohypophyses (12%), including five cases by cytomegalovirus and one by pneumocystis carinii. two cases with neurohypophysial lesions presumably caused by cytomegalovirus and one questionable case of toxoplasma gondii were also observed. in all instances these changes were associated with generalized and/or cerebral infection by these same agents. ne ... | 1989 | 2549907 |
| [bacteriostatic and bactericidal study of rifabutine and clofazimine in combination against mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and mycobacterium xenopi]. | the authors have tested the sensibility to rifabutine and clofazimine of seventeen strains of m. avium and eleven strains of m. xenopi. they compared the ability of these and other antimicrobial agents ciprofloxacin, amikacin and erythromycin alone or in combinations to inhibit the growth of strains of the m. avium complex and of m. xenopi. the purpose of this investigation was also to examine the bactericidal action of these antimicrobial agents and to determine the ability of combinations to k ... | 1989 | 2552379 |
| [rifabutine in the treatment of mycobacterial infections resistant to rifampicin. preliminary results. group for the study and treatment of resistant mycobacterial infections (getim)]. | three treatment protocols using rifabutine for mycobacterial infections resistant to rifampicin were prepared by a study group (getim) and were accepted by the ethical committee concerned. a prospective study has been carried out since april 1986. thirty-five cases of tuberculosis with bacilli resistant to rifampicin received daily treatment with 5 to 7 mg/kg of rifabutine combined with several other drugs which were still active in vitro. sixteen cases of m. xenopi infection occurred in individ ... | 1989 | 2552547 |
| encephalopathy as a presentation of pediatric aids: case report. | fifty to ninety percent of pediatric aids cases are complicated by neurologic dysfunction. we present a case of a 5-year-old black female with aids encephalopathy and mycobacterium avium intracellulare. her initial presentation was that of neuroencephalopathy with loss of developmental milestones, pyramidal tract signs, and subsequent evidence of cortical atrophy. her initial ct scan at the time of frank encephalopathy was normal, whereas 18 months into the clinical course of her encephalopathy, ... | 1989 | 2552869 |
| treatment of experimental disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in mice with recombinant il-2 and tumor necrosis factor. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most common bloodstream pathogen isolated from patients with aids. we have previously shown that tnf alone or in combination with il-2 can activate human and murine macrophages in vitro to kill mac strains isolated from disseminated infections. to determine whether treatment with tnf and il-2 could effect the course of disseminated mac infections in a murine model of disseminated mac infection, we infected c57bl mice with 3 x 10(8) bacteria i.v. and 1 wk ... | 1989 | 2553816 |
| [digestive involvement in aids]. | the high frequency of gastrointestinal manifestations in aids raises new diagnostic and therapeutic problems. in this review paper the authors discuss the various clinical presentations and the different types of macroscopic or histological lesions, as well as the diagnostic approaches. this is followed by a description of the infectious agents responsible for opportunistic or non-opportunistic infections in aids patients. the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of each species are ... | 1989 | 2554274 |
| sequence and characteristics of is900, an insertion element identified in a human crohn's disease isolate of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | the complete sequence of an insertion element is900 in mycobacterium paratuberculosis is reported. this is the first characterised example of a mycobacterial insertion element. is900 consists of 1451bp of which 66% is g + c. it lacks terminal inverted and direct repeats, characteristic of escherichia coli insertion elements but shows a degree of target sequence specificity. a single open reading frame (orf 1197) coding for 399 amino acids is predicted. this amino acid sequence, and to a lesser e ... | 1989 | 2555783 |
| outpatient diagnosis and treatment of aids-related pulmonary infections. | a large number and variety of organisms can infect the lungs of persons with aids. an abnormal chest x-ray associated with pulmonary symptoms should trigger a vigorous search for an infectious agent. in many cases, if the patient is ambulatory, the workup can proceed on an outpatient basis. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most common infection and also one of the most readily treatable illnesses that these patients encounter. a careful and considered diagnostic approach is necessary to con ... | 1989 | 2558002 |
| activity of rifabutin alone and in combination with clofazimine, kanamycin and ethambutol against mycobacterium intracellulare infections in mice. | treatment of mice for 12 weeks with clofazimine or kanamycin decreased the number of organisms from lungs, liver and spleen of mice infected with mycobacterium intracellulare n-260, compared with findings seen with rifabutin or ethambutol. treatment with various drug combinations (rifabutin-ethambutol, rifabutin-clofazimine, rifabutin-kanamycin, rifabutin-ethambutol-clofazimine, rifabutin-ethambutol-kanamycin, and rifabutin-clofazimine-kanamycin), particularly in the presence of clofazimine, enh ... | 1989 | 2559522 |
| oxidative and non-oxidative intracellular killing of mycobacterium avium complex. | among mycobacteria, those belonging to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are the most common cause of bacteremia in aids patients. to understand better the mechanisms by which human macrophages kill intracellular mac, we studied in an in vitro test system transparent morphotypes of the three most common bacteremic serotypes from aids patients and an opaque variant, obtained in vitro from the most mouse-virulent strain (mac 101). the three serotypes differed in susceptibility to oxidative bac ... | 1989 | 2560109 |
| pulmonary complications of aids. | | 1989 | 2562248 |
| dna probes demonstrate a single highly conserved strain of mycobacterium avium infecting aids patients. | strains of the mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex (maic) have become important colonisers of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used to study the dna from 88 maic isolates, including 51 derived from 47 aids patients. maic isolates from 33 of 45 aids patients were identical at the molecular level and distinct from the mycobacteria isolated from the stools of healthy subjects. the study also showed that serotyping correla ... | 1989 | 2562881 |
| aids and mycobacterium avium serovars in sweden. | | 1989 | 2569140 |
| the genetic relationship between mycobacterium paratuberculosis and the m. avium complex. | | 1989 | 2569802 |
| mycobacterium avium-intracellulare serovars in german aids patients. | | 1989 | 2572824 |
| dna polymorphism in mycobacterium paratuberculosis, "wood pigeon mycobacteria," and related mycobacteria analyzed by field inversion gel electrophoresis. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis strains, mycobacteria from patients suffering from crohn's disease, "wood pigeon mycobacteria," and representatives of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare were compared by restriction endonuclease drai digestion and field inversion gel electrophoresis. characteristic profiles were seen for m. paratuberculosis, including isolates from patients suffering from crohn's disease, for wood pigeon mycobacteria, and for m. avium-m. intracellulare serotypes 2, 1 ... | 1989 | 2574186 |
| t cell-dependent chronic neutrophilia during mycobacterial infections. | euthymic (nu/+) c57bl/6 mice intraperitoneally inoculated with 2.5 x 10(6) colony-forming units (cfu) of mycobacterium avium developed a chronic peritoneal neutrophilic granulocytosis during the 30 days of infection studied; in contrast, congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) mice of c57bl/6 background did not show such persistent neutrophil influx. the acute phase of peritoneal infection, characterized by an extensive accumulation of neutrophils peaking at 6 to 12 h post-inoculation, was similar in ... | 1989 | 2575473 |
| mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex enteritis: pseudo-whipple disease in aids. | | 1985 | 2580424 |
| intestinal infection with mycobacterium avium in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). histological and clinical comparison with whipple's disease. | at endoscopy, a 30-year-old man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), kaposi's sarcoma, diarrhea, and unexplained malabsorption showed erythematous macular duodenal lesions consistent with whipple's disease by histology and electron microscopy. symptoms did not respond to tetracycline. subsequent cultures revealed systemic mycobacterium avium (m. avium) infection. tissue from this patient, from patients with whipple's disease and from a macaque with m. avium were compared. all contain ... | 1985 | 2580679 |
| mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare infections in patients with and without aids. | a genetic probe (gen-probe) was used to evaluate potential epidemiologic and susceptibility differences of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains isolated from 154 patients with and without the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). genetic analysis revealed that 98% of the 45 patients with aids harbored only m. avium regardless of the anatomic or geographic source of the isolate; in contrast, approximately 40% of mac isolates recovered from 109 patients without aids were m. intracellular ... | 1989 | 2584751 |
| [effect of aging on the mode of mycobacterium intracellulare infection]. | effect of aging on the mode of mycobacterium intracellulare infection was examined using female ddy strain mice of 6, 12, 24, 48, 64 and 80 weeks old. when mice were infected intravenously with m. intracellulare 31f093 (8 x 10(7] and the incidence and the degree of gross lesions in the lungs and viable number of the organisms in the lungs and spleen were studied at 8 weeks after bacterial challenge, there was no marked difference in the grade of pathological lesions by age. however, all the mice ... | 1989 | 2585948 |
| atypical mycobacterial infection of the gastrointestinal tract in aids patients. | this paper will describe a case series of 35 aids patients with infection of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (maic). thirty-five homosexual men with a mean age of 35 yr and a mean duration of aids of 7.7 months prior to the diagnosis of maic were investigated to determine the extent of maic infection. the investigations included upper endoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, liver biopsy, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, stool and blood cultures for maic, and d-xylose ... | 1989 | 2596453 |
| liver biopsies in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: influence of endemic disease and drug abuse. | a retrospective review of 48 liver biopsies in 34 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and 10 patients with aids-related complex (arc) was performed at harlem hospital center to assess the diagnostic yield of liver biopsies in this distinct patient population. among the patients, 93.2% were black and 32 were males, with a mean age of 36.7 yr. intravenous drug abuse was a risk factor for aids in 81.8% of patients. liver biopsies were particularly useful in patients with fever ... | 1989 | 2596454 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of twenty antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of mycobacterium avium complex. | the in-vitro susceptibility of mycobacterium avium complex isolates, obtained from immunosuppressed patients with and without the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), to various antimicrobial agents was determined. amikacin, the 4-quinolone compounds--ciprofloxacin, temafloxacin and pd 117558--and the penem sch 34343 were active against most of the isolates. in-vitro synergism using selected antimicrobial combinations could not be demonstrated. no differences in the susceptibility, dependi ... | 1989 | 2599991 |
| [cellular immunity in experimental infections caused by mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium scrofulaceum]. | the cell-mediated immunity was assessed in guinea pigs with experimental infection induced by mycobacterium avium and m. scrofulaceum. it is established that the cell immunity indices in vitro correlate with the spread and gravity of the pathological process as well as with the tension of the immunological reactivity of the organism. | 1989 | 2608008 |