| isolation and characterization of tubules and plasma membranes from cytophaga columnaris. | tubular structures are released from cells of cytophaga columnaris after lysis of the cells. to determine the nature of these tubules, they were purified and their composition was determined. tubules were isolated after treating cell lysates with 1.0% sodium dodecyl sulfate at ph 8.1, which solubilizes all structural components except tubules. plasma membranes from the same organism were isolated by discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation of lysed cells. both tubules and membranes are comp ... | 1973 | 4712571 |
| demonstration and isolation of clostridium botulinum types from whitefish chubs collected at fish smoking plants of the milwaukee area. | a total of 1,071 whitefish chub samples were examined at eight stages of processing, including sampling aboard ship, various processing steps in the smoking plant, and display in retail cases. the frequency of clostridium botulinum contamination of freshly caught and eviscerated chubs was approximately 13 to 14%. the highest percentage of contamination (20%) was noted among chubs sampled at the brining step of processing. the prevalence of contamination among chubs sampled at other processing st ... | 1967 | 4860531 |
| survey of the u.s. atlantic coast and estuaries from key largo to staten island for the presence of clostridium botulinum. | | 1967 | 4860536 |
| in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibition by type a botulinum toxin. | type a botulinum toxin was studied for its ability to inhibit the action of acetyl-cholinesterase. the chromogenic substrate, indophenyl acetate, was used for assay of enzyme activity. inhibition of enzyme function was detected through use of both 6.6 x 10(-6) mg (20 ld(50)) and 6.6 x 10(-10) mg (2 x 10(-3)ld(50)) of type a botulinal toxin. control assays were performed by use of both homologous antitoxin and heterologous antitoxins (types b and e). enzyme inhibition was effectively prevented by ... | 1967 | 4860916 |
| detection of clostridium botulinum type c cells and toxin by the fluorescent antibody technique. | | 1967 | 4861156 |
| studies on the active region of botulinus toxins. ii. isolation and amino acid sequence of the cysteine-containing tryptic peptides in botulinus toxins types a, b and e. | | 1967 | 4862176 |
| recent developments in botulism research. | | 1967 | 4862979 |
| pollution of a marine environment. | | 1967 | 4864100 |
| effect of nutrients on physiological properties of clostridium botulinum type e. | eight strains of clostridium botulinum type e out of twelve tested showed good growth and normal cell morphology in a synthetic medium containing choline. growth and toxin production by a representative strain was not influenced by repeated subculturing. in the chemically defined medium, acetylcholine, n,n-dimethylethanolamine, and lecithin could replace choline to get normal cell division and cell morphology of c. botulinum type e. choline could not be replaced by ethanolamine, n-methylethanola ... | 1967 | 4864406 |
| [effects of prednisolone, periston-n and antitoxic serum on the absorption and localization of i-131-labelled clostridium botulinum b toxin in guinea pigs]. | | 1967 | 4865249 |
| combined effect of water activity, ph and temperature on the growth of clostridium botulinum from spore and vegetative cell inocula. | | 1967 | 4865469 |
| use of immunofluorescence and animal tests to detect growth and toxin production by clostridum botulinum type e in food. | the appearance of clostridium botulinum type e organisms and of toxin in experimentally inoculated packages of turkey roll was followed to study the time relationship between the presence of vegetative cells and the demonstration of toxin. the presence of vegetative cells was determined by immunofluorescence, and animal tests were used to assay toxin production. growth initiated from detoxified spores of c. botulinum type e resulted in toxin formation within 24 hr. presence of fluorescing vegeta ... | 1968 | 4865896 |
| survival and outgrowth of clostridium botulinum type e spores in smoked fish. | chub injected in the loin muscle with 10(6)clostridium botulinum type e spores were smoked to an internal temperature of 180 f (82.2 c) for 30 min, sealed in plastic bags, and incubated at room temperature (20 to 25 c) for 7 days. viable type e spores were found in practically all such fish. toxin formation by the survivors in the smoked fish was dependent on the brine concentration of the smoked fish. a brine concentration of 3% or higher, as measured in the loin muscle, inhibited toxin formati ... | 1968 | 4865899 |
| [type b botulism demonstrated through toxicological and bacteriological studies]. | | 1966 | 4865959 |
| characteristics of clostridium botulinum type f isolated from the pacific coast of the united states. | some of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of a type f strain recently isolated from the united states were studied and compared with those of the prototype langeland type f strain. the recent isolates were nonproteolytic, fermented sucrose and ribose, produced spores of low thermal resistance, produced a protoxin activated by trypsin, and grew and produced toxin at 38 f (3.3 c) from a spore inoculum. the prototype langeland strain was proteolytic, did not ferment sucrose or ribos ... | 1967 | 4865980 |
| intracellular synthesis of clostridium botulinum type b toxin. i. demonstration of toxin synthesis and sedimentation studies on toxic products. | the synthesis and nature of the toxin of clostridium botulinum type b were studied in growing cells. it was demonstrated that the toxin was synthesized in the latter stage of logarithmic growth and was released into the culture supernatant fluid during lysis of the cells. studies were done on the sedimentation properties of intracellular toxin. two components were demonstrated, one of low molecular weight and low specific activity and one of high molecular weight with specific activity similar t ... | 1968 | 4866099 |
| chromatographic isolation of hemagglutinin-free neurotoxin from crystalline toxin of clostridium botulinum type a. | | 1967 | 4866586 |
| [type c botulism in a dove (streptopelia roseogrisea bornuensis) from ferlo (senegal)]. | | 1967 | 4867157 |
| separation of toxin and hemagglutinin from crystalline toxin of clostridium botulinum type a by anion exchange chromatography and determination of their dimensions by gel filtration. | | 1968 | 4867941 |
| isolation and role of nonheme iron protein in clostridium botulinum. | a type of iron-bound protein was isolated from clostridium botulinum by a modification of the method used for isolating ferredoxin from c. pasteurianum. this method involved acetone and diethylaminoethyl cellulose treatments followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation. the protein exhibited maximal absorption in the ultraviolet region near 260 mmu. portions of the isolated iron protein were separated by disc electrophoresis and, following specific iron-bound protein staining, showed a positive re ... | 1968 | 4868857 |
| [factors limiting the passive hemagglutination reaction: trials using botulin toxin and anatoxin]. | | 1968 | 4869419 |
| incidence of clostridium botulinum type e in salmon and other marine fish in the pacific northwest. | salmon, sole, cod, oysters, clams, and crabs from ocean waters along the coast of oregon and washington were examined for the presence of clostridium botulinum type e. the organism was detected by identification of the type e toxin in enrichment cultures of the viscera of individual fish. of 369 salmon specimens, 48 yielded cultures containing toxin lethal to mice, and almost half of the toxic cultures were shown to contain botulinal toxin, chiefly type e. eighteen of 113 sole and cod specimens, ... | 1968 | 4869616 |
| actions of calcium and magnesium on the rate of onset of botulinum toxin paralysis of the rat diaphragm. | | 1967 | 4870164 |
| growth and toxin production of clostridium botulinum type e. | | 1968 | 4870165 |
| clostridium botulinum type e: growth and toxin production in food. | | 1968 | 4870166 |
| possible origin of the high incidence of clostridium botulinum type e in an inland bay (green bay of lake michigan). | bottom and shoreline sediments of green bay, northern lake michigan, and rivers of the green bay drainage basin, as well as soils of the surrounding land mass, were examined for clostridium botulinum type e. detection was based on identification of type e toxin in enrichment cultures and was influenced by many factors. testing smaller amounts of sample in multiple cultures was more productive than examining large inocula in fewer cultures. incubation at 30 c was unsatisfactory, but 14 days at 20 ... | 1968 | 4870273 |
| failure of type a botulinum toxin to inhibit acetylcholinesterase. | | 1968 | 4870289 |
| [evolution of botulism. iv. epidemiological prerequisites for acquisition of resistance to botulism by ancestors of modern man]. | | 1968 | 4870403 |
| cholinesterase activity after dfp application in botulinum poisoned, surgically denervated or normally innervated rat skeletal muscles. | | 1968 | 4870850 |
| [comparative immunological study of fish with clostridium botulinum toxins]. | | 1967 | 4871089 |
| [comparative immunological studies by use of poikilothermal animals. first report: passive immunity of the carp employing the toxin of clostridium botulinus]. | | 1968 | 4871845 |
| botulism: a report of two cases. | | 1968 | 4872369 |
| some chemical and physical properties of clostridium botulinum toxins in culture. | | 1967 | 4872434 |
| the nature of heat resistant toxin in spores of clostridium botulinum. | | 1967 | 4872435 |
| sensitivity of an enrichment culture procedure for detection of clostridium botulinum type e in raw and smoked whitefish chubs. | the sensitivity of an enrichment culture procedure for detecting clostridium botulinum type e in whitefish chubs (leucichthys sp.) was assayed. data demonstrated that fish inoculated with 10 or more viable c. botulinum spores regularly develop specifically neutralizable enrichment cultures. mild heat treatment (60 c, 15 min) substantially reduced the sensitivity of enrichment culturing. this effect was particularly noticeable in the culturing of fish which harbored fewer than 10 spores each. evi ... | 1968 | 4872995 |
| clostridium botulinum type f in the soil of argentina. | one strain of clostridium botulinum belonging to type f has been isolated from a soil sample taken in buenos aires province, argentina. comparative studies carried out with strain langeland of c. botulinum type f have shown a few differences between the two strains. | 1968 | 4872996 |
| postganglionic paralysis of the guinea-pig hypogastric nerve-vas deferens preparation by clostridium botulinum type d toxin. | | 1968 | 4873188 |
| [infectious allergy. v. appearance of infectious allergy to bacterial exotoxins after their combined administration]. | | 1968 | 4873886 |
| [differentiation of clostridium botulinum type a and b and of clostridium sporogenes by application of agar gel precipitation]. | | 1968 | 4874195 |
| the interaction between 5-hydroxytryptamine and botulinum toxin type a. | | 1968 | 4875050 |
| the localization of botulinum a toxin in the mouse. | | 1968 | 4875436 |
| [state of neurohumoral reactivity of the blood vessels in rabbits poisoned with botulin]. | | 1968 | 4875960 |
| [clinical considerations on 16 cases of toxinfection with the botulinic bacillus of type b]. | | 1968 | 4876036 |
| the relationship of lake michigan waterbird mortalities to naturally occurring clostridium botulinum type e toxin. | | 1968 | 4876418 |
| [studies on clostridium botulinum type f. i. properties of selected cultures of the langeland strain]. | | 1968 | 4877139 |
| nonspecific toxicites in the mouse assay test for botulinum toxin. | in inoculated pack experiments on clostridium botulinum type e, unirradiated and 0.1-mrad irradiated haddock fillets often gave nonspecific toxicities by the mouse assay test for botulinum toxin. samples given 0.2-mrad radiation failed to produce nonspecific reactions. nonspecific deaths sometimes occurred within 24 hr after injection, although deaths between 24 and 48 hr were more common. the symptoms and the pattern of these deaths suggested a septicemia. heart-blood cultured from mice showing ... | 1968 | 4877496 |
| [the distribution of c1. botulinum and c1. tetani in the soil in armenia ssr]. | | 1968 | 4877623 |
| estimation of radiation resistance values of microorganisms in food products. | several statistical methods, including the conventional technique of schmidt and nank, were evaluated for estimating radiation resistance values of various strains of clostridium botulinum by the use of partial spoilage data from an inoculated ham pack study. procedures based on quantal response were preferred. the tedious but rigorous probit maximum likelihood determination was used as a standard of comparison. weibull's graphical treatment was the method of choice because it is simple to utili ... | 1968 | 4877658 |
| [clostridium botulinum type-e toxin]. | | 1968 | 4877828 |
| home preservation of food. | | 1968 | 4877883 |
| [on a method of testing soil, water and fish samples for the presence of c1. botulinum]. | | 1968 | 4878369 |
| amylopectin accumulation in clostridium botulinum type e. | | 1968 | 4878708 |
| [treatment of botulism]. | | 1968 | 4879150 |
| [multiplication and virulence of septicemic and blood pathogenens in the body of infected animals and their cadavers. ix. studies on the model of experimental infection with clostridium botulinum]. | | 1967 | 4879241 |
| heterogeneity of clstridium botulinum type a toxin. | | 1968 | 4879302 |
| bacteriophages of clostridium botulinum. | | 1968 | 4880051 |
| [1st case of beta c botulism in swine in senegal]. | | 1967 | 4881104 |
| [study of botulin toxin type f by means of filtration through sephadex gel]. | | 1967 | 4881675 |
| isolation of chromatographically pure toxin of clostridium botulinum type b. | | 1968 | 4882877 |
| incidence of clostridium botulinum in bottom deposits in british coastal waters. | | 1968 | 4883089 |
| [recent observations on the toxins of clostridium botulinum, with special reference to type e]. | | 1968 | 4883374 |
| [a bacteriophage in a culture of cl. botulinum type c]. | | 1968 | 4883802 |
| autolytic formation of spheroplasts and autolysis of cell walls in clostridium botulinum type a. | | 1968 | 4884615 |
| rhapidosomes of clostridium botulinum type e.. | | 1968 | 4884674 |
| [studies on clostridium botulinum type f. ii. isolation of highly active toxin and its properties]. | | 1968 | 4884893 |
| evidence for the non-specificity of the interaction between 5-hydroxytryptamine and botulinum toxin. | | 1968 | 4885844 |
| [research to produce anaerobetoxins. i. cl. botulinum toxin type a and b]. | | 1968 | 4886229 |
| toxin production in clostridium botulinum as demonstrated by electron microscopy. | spheroplasts of clostridium botulinum 62a were prepared with the use of lysozyme. these spheroplasts were then exposed to ferritin-labeled type a antitoxin. ultrathin sections of these specimens revealed the ferritin-labeled antibody symmetrically arranged around the outer spore coats but not within the spore cortex. the ferritin-labeled antibody was also observed in the bacterial cytoplasm. here it was arranged in aggregates and strands, although it was not associated with any identifiable cell ... | 1969 | 4886298 |
| bacteriophages of clostridium botulinum types a, b, e, and f and nontoxigenic strains resembling type e. | | 1969 | 4886656 |
| effects on growth and toxin production of exposure of spores of clostridium botulinum type f to sublethal doses of gamma irradiation. | spores of the langeland strain of clostridium botulinum type f were grown at 30 or 10 c after exposure to 0.0, 0.1, or 0.2 megarad of cesium-137 gamma irradiation. when incubated at 30 c, cultures irradiated at the 0.2-megarad level reached the stationary growth phase 15 hr earlier than the 0.0 or 0.1 megarad-irradiated cultures. this was not the result of earlier or more frequent germination of the irradiated spores, the formation of larger individual cells, filament formation, or cell clumping ... | 1969 | 4886855 |
| isoelectric characterization of clostridium botulnum type c toxin. | | 1968 | 4888758 |
| physiological studies on clostridium botulinum, type f. three year summary report of progress, march 1, 1965--november 30, 1967. oro-3347-5. | | 1967 | 4890185 |
| physiological studies on clostridium botulinum, type f. progress report, december 1, 1966--november 30, 1967. oro-3347-4. | | 1967 | 4890186 |
| growth characteristics of type e clostridium botulinum in the temperature range of 34 degrees f to 50 degrees f. annual report, june 29, 1962-june 28, 1963. tid-24778. | | 1967 | 4890187 |
| incidence study of spores of clostridium botulinum in convenience foods. | the objective of this study was to gather data on the incidence of clostridium botulinum spores in selected consumer-convenience food products. the incidence of spores of c. botulinum in 100 samples of each of four categories of commercially available convenience foods was determined. these categories included (i) "boil-in-the-bag" foods, (ii) vacuum-packed foods, (iii) pressurized foods, and (iv) dehydrated and freeze-dried foods. of the 400 samples analyzed, one was found to contain the spores ... | 1969 | 4890746 |
| survival of clostridium botulinum spores in foods treated by heat, ionizing radiation, or related procedures. | | 1968 | 4890974 |
| physiological studies on clostridium botulinum, type f. progress report, december 1, 1965-november 30, 1966. oro-3347-3. | | 1969 | 4891108 |
| serological studies of clostridium botulinum type e and related organisms. ii. serology of spores. | pure spore antigens for the immunization of rabbits were prepared by enzymic digestion of vegetative components and separation of the cleaned spores in polyethylene glycol. spore antisera were prepared to strains representative of toxigenic clostridium botulinum type e; nontoxigenic boticin e-producing variants; nontoxigenic nonproducers of boticin e; nontoxigenic "atypical" strains, which differ somewhat from c. botulinum type e in their physiology; c. botulinum types a and b; and c. bifermenta ... | 1969 | 4891254 |
| the response of rat hypoglossal neurones to injection of botulinum toxin into the tongue. | | 1969 | 4891275 |
| intrinsic factors in meat products counteracting botulinogenic conditions. | | 1968 | 4891323 |
| [a study of botulin toxins and anatoxins by the gel filtration method. ii. separation of native type a botulin toxins by filtration through sephadex g-200 gel]. | | 1967 | 4891690 |
| interaction between clostridium botulinum type e toxin and ddt in white mice. | | 1969 | 4891760 |
| rapid bioassay for clostridium botulinum type-e toxins by intravenous injection into mice. | | 1968 | 4891825 |
| toxicity of spores of clostridium botulinum strain 33a in irradiated ground beef. | | 1969 | 4891925 |
| [the evolution of botulism. i. the biological significance of pathogenicity]. | | 1967 | 4892078 |
| [the effect of various amino acids on growth and toxin formation by the agents of botulism types a, b, c and e and their toxins]. | | 1966 | 4892587 |
| investigation of the spasmogenic effect of manganese on the guineapig isolated ileum preparation. | 1. the mechanism of the manganese-induced spasm of the guinea-pig ileum was investigated using agents known to modify nerve function. the spasm was reduced by cooling, tetrodotoxin, procaine, botulinus toxin (type a), hyoscine and pempidine. it was potentiated by mipafox.2. in the presence of manganese, the release of acetylcholine from the ileum was greatly increased.3. tetrodotoxin prevented the manganese-induced increase in acetylcholine output from the ileum but had no significant effect on ... | 1969 | 4892672 |
| the response of motor neurones to intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin. | 1. the dry mass and nucleic acid content of both nerve cell bodies and their nucleoli were measured by interference microscopy and ultra-violet absorption microspectrography respectively: succinoxidase and acetylcholine hydrolase activities were also determined. autoradiography was used to follow synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) by glial cells, and to follow nucleic acid and protein metabolism in muscle fibres.2. after injection of botulinum toxin the synthesis of ribosomal rna by the ne ... | 1969 | 4892690 |
| [the evolution of botulism. ii. the scheme of cl. botulinum circulation in nature]. | | 1967 | 4892874 |
| chromatographic purification of the toxin of type e clostridium botulinum. | | 1969 | 4893076 |
| dissociation studies on the toxin of clostridium botulinum type b. | | 1969 | 4893322 |
| [on cases of type e botulism on kamchatka]. | | 1967 | 4894114 |
| [detection of cl. botulinum in raw materials, partly-manufactured goods and finished products of canned goods by the luminescent-serologic method]. | | 1968 | 4894746 |
| resistance of spores of clostridium botulinum 33a to combinations of ultraviolet and gamma rays. | spores of clostridium botulinum 33a exhibit a sigmoidal survival curve if subjected to gamma radiation. the present investigation was concerned with two questions: (i) what is the form of an ultraviolet (uv)-survival curve and (ii) what is the combined effect of uv- and gamma radiation? the uv-survival curve was found to be of sigmoidal type with a "shoulder" width of 675 ergs/mm(2) and a d(10) (exp) of 2,950 ergs/mm(2). to test the combination effect, spores were subjected to uv doses of 225, 4 ... | 1969 | 4896102 |
| [substance in clostridium botulinum type a causing uterine contraction in rats]. | | 1969 | 4896672 |
| isolation and characterization of clostridium botulinum type b toxin. | | 1969 | 4896752 |
| growth characteristics of type e clostridium botulinum in the temperature range 34 degrees f to 50 degrees f. coo-1183-30. | | 1968 | 4897578 |
| [the thermostability of cl. botulinum spores in relation to studying the soil microbiology of the armenian ssr]. | | 1969 | 4897669 |
| [first observation of type d animal botulism in senegal]. | | 1969 | 4897701 |
| role of o2 and n2 in thermorestoration of hdrated bacterial spores. | | 1969 | 4898081 |