| pre-steady-state kinetics of bacillus licheniformis 1,3-1,4-beta-glucanase: evidence for a regulatory binding site. | in a previous paper, we reported the first stopped-flow experiments on a bacillus licheniformis 1,3-1,4-beta-glucanase [abel, planas and christensen (2001) biochem. j. 357, 195-202]. it was shown that the pre-steady-state kinetics of the 1,3-1,4-beta-glucanase using the substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl 3-o-beta-cellobiosyl-beta-d-glucoside may be explained by a reaction scheme involving an induced fit and the binding of two substrates as well as a second enzymic conformational change, whereas the ... | 2003 | 12568655 |
| study of the bacterial load in a gelatine production process focussed on bacillus and related endosporeforming genera. | gelatine is an animal protein with many industrial applications. previous studies pointed out that endosporeforming bacteria, belonging to the genus bacillus or related genera, might contaminate and survive the production process of gelatine, leading to products of low quality and safety. the aim of this study is to determine the bacterial diversity of contaminants isolated from a gelatine production chain with emphasis on aerobic endosporeforming bacteria. contaminants were isolated from sample ... | 2002 | 12583722 |
| conversion of the nitrogen content in liquid manure into biomass and polyglutamic acid by a newly isolated strain of bacillus licheniformis. | extensive spreading of liquid manure onto agricultural fields causes eutrophication of ground and surface water and also pollution of the atmosphere due to the high ammonium nitrogen content. a poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (pga)-producing strain of bacillus licheniformis was isolated in this study and investigated for its ability to reduce the ammonium nitrogen by converting ammonium into biomass and pga as depot forms of nitrogen. in batch cultivations swine manure and an optimized mineral salts m ... | 2003 | 12583895 |
| standardized reprocessing of reusable colonoscopy biopsy forceps is effective: results of a german multicenter study. | national and international guidelines recommend that a standardized protocol consisting of cleaning, ultrasound cleaning, and sterilization should be used for the reprocessing of endoscopic accessories in order to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms. this german multicenter study investigated the efficacy of standardized reprocessing of reusable biopsy forceps used during colonoscopy. | 2003 | 12584636 |
| identification of polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha)-producing bacillus spp. using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | the aim of the work was to develop efficient method to identify polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha)-producing species of bacillus from numerous soil isolates of bacteria. identification of the isolates and characterization of the pha produced by strains positive on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was envisaged. | 2003 | 12588544 |
| expression of a bacillus thuringiensisdelta-endotoxin cry1ab gene in bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis strains that naturally colonize the phylloplane of tomato plants (lycopersicon esculentum, mills). | to introduce a cry gene into microorganisms that naturally colonize the phylloplane of tomato plants to improve the persistence of the cry proteins for controlling a south american tomato moth (tuta absoluta, meyrick, 1917). | 2003 | 12588545 |
| is this the historical 'cancer germ'? | a highly pleomorphic bacterium, isolated from a canine mammary tumour was found to share many characteristics with recently described cancer-related bacteria and with the glover organism, a historically important 'cancer germ'. we suggest that both the glover organism, and possibly other cancer-related bacteria, are likely to be a strain of the highly pleomorphic bacterium, bacillus licheniformis. | 2003 | 12606249 |
| dimerization and dna binding properties of the bacillus licheniformis 749/i blai repressor. | in the absence of penicillin, the beta-lactamase encoding gene blap of bacillus licheniformis 749/i is negatively regulated by the transcriptional repressor blai. three palindromic operator regions are recognized by blai: two in the blap promoter (op1 and op2) and one (op3) in the promoter of the blai-blar1 operon. in this study, the dissociation constant of the purified blai dimer was estimated at 25 microm by equilibrium ultracentrifugation. quantitative western blot analysis indicates that th ... | 2003 | 12615920 |
| regulatory effects of alanine-group amino acids on serine alkaline protease production by recombinant bacillus licheniformis. | influences of the concentration and addition time of alanine-group amino acids, i.e. alanine, leucine and valine, on serine alkaline protease (sap) synthesis were investigated by bacillus licheniformis (dsm 1969) carrying phv1431:: sub c in a defined medium to identify the amino acids creating intracellular reaction-rate limitation in sap production. while the precursors of alanine-group amino acids, pyruvate and alanine, did not affect sap production considerably within the range 0-15 mm, the a ... | 2003 | 12630905 |
| accelerated process development for protease production in continuous multi-stage cultures. | a fermentation process was developed and optimized for the production of a specific protease from bacillus licheniformis pwd-1. media formulations were constructed and crucial environmental parameters were optimized to enhance growth and product formation. process dynamics of substrate consumption, biomass-, product-, as well as by-product formation were determined under controlled conditions in a bioreactor. using kinetic data from batch- and continuous-culture experiments, a fed-batch process ... | 2003 | 12652475 |
| primary structure and reactive site of a novel wheat proteinase inhibitor of subtilisin and chymotrypsin. | the proteinase inhibitor wsci, active in inhibiting bacterial subtilisin and a number of animal chymotrypsins, was purified from endosperm of exaploid wheat (triticum aestivum, c.v. san pastore) by ion exchange chromatography and its complete amino acid sequence was established by automated edman degradation. wsci consists of a single polypeptide chain of 72 amino acid residues, has a molecular mass of 8126.3 da and a pl of 5.8. the inhibition constants (ki) for bacillus licheniformis subtilisin ... | 2003 | 12675523 |
| rope-producing strains of bacillus spp. from wheat bread and strategy for their control by lactic acid bacteria. | two types of white wheat bread (high- and low-type loaves) were investigated for rope spoilage. thirty of the 56 breads tested developed rope spoilage within 5 days; the high-type loaves were affected by rope spoilage more than the low-type loaves. sixty-one bacillus strains were isolated from ropy breads and were characterized on the basis of their phenotypic and genotypic traits. all of the isolates were identified as bacillus subtilis by biochemical tests, but molecular assays (randomly ampli ... | 2003 | 12676716 |
| production of diarrheal enterotoxins and other potential virulence factors by veterinary isolates of bacillus species associated with nongastrointestinal infections. | with the exceptions of bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis, bacillus species are generally perceived to be inconsequential. however, the relevance of other bacillus species as food poisoning organisms and etiological agents in nongastrointestinal infections is being increasingly recognized. eleven bacillus species isolated from veterinary samples associated with severe nongastrointestinal infections were assessed for the presence and expression of diarrheagenic enterotoxins and other potentia ... | 2003 | 12676723 |
| effects of temperature, inoculum size and starch hydrolyzate concentration on butanediol production by bacillus licheniformis. | an optimization study has been performed on 2,3-butanediol production by bacillus licheniformis ncimb 8059 from different carbon sources (glucose, sucrose and cornstarch hydrolyzate), alternately varying temperature (34<t<40 degrees c), inoculum size (0.5<x(0)<10 gl(-1)), and starting substrate concentration (20<s(0)<70 gl(-1)). the results of average volumetric productivity obtained from tests at variable temperature have been worked out according to arrhenius to estimate the thermodynamic para ... | 2003 | 12699930 |
| crystal structure of calcium-free alpha-amylase from bacillus sp. strain ksm-k38 (amyk38) and its sodium ion binding sites. | the crystal structure of a calcium-free alpha-amylase (amyk38) from bacillus sp. strain ksm-k38, which resists chelating reagents and chemical oxidants, has been determined by the molecular replacement method and refined to a crystallographic r-factor of 19.9% (r-free of 23.2%) at 2.13-a resolution. the main chain folding of amyk38 is almost homologous to that of bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase. however, neither a highly conserved calcium ion, which is located at the interface between domai ... | 2003 | 12719434 |
| production of alpha amylase by bacillus licheniformis using an economical medium. | the present study is concerned with the selection of new medium for the production of alpha amylase by bacillus licheniformis. different agricultural by-products such as wheat bran, sunflower meal, cotton seed meal, soybean meal, rice husk or rice bran were tested for the production of alpha amylase. among different agricultural by-products evaluated, wheat bran was found to be the best basal and standardized medium for optimal production of alpha amylase. the production was increased 2-folds wh ... | 2003 | 12733576 |
| hyperthermostabilization of bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase and modulation of its stability over a 50 degrees c temperature range. | bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase (bla) is a highly thermostable starch-degrading enzyme that has been extensively studied in both academic and industrial laboratories. for over a decade, we have investigated bla thermal properties and identified amino acid substitutions that significantly increase or decrease the thermostability. this paper describes the cumulative effect of some of the most beneficial point mutations identified in bla. remarkably, the q264s-n265y double mutation led to a ra ... | 2003 | 12736372 |
| significantly enhanced stability of glucose dehydrogenase by directed evolution. | an nacl-independent stability-enhanced mutant of glucose dehydrogenase (glcdh) was obtained by using in vitro directed evolution. the family shuffling method was applied for in vitro directed evolution to construct a mutant library of glcdh genes. three glcdh-coding genes from bacillus licheniformis ifo 12200, bacillus megaterium ifo 15308 and bacillus subtilis ifo 13719 were each cloned by direct pcr amplification into the p trc99a expression vector and expressed in the host, escherichia coli. ... | 2003 | 12743762 |
| [production of oil-processing compounds by microorganisms from the daqing oil field, china]. | twenty pure cultures isolated from formation waters of the daqing oil field were studied with respect to their capacity to produce surface-active compounds in media with individual hydrocarbons, lower alcohols, and fatty acids. aerobic saprotrophic bacteria belonging to the genera bacillus, brevibacillus, rhodococcus, dietzia, kocuria, gordonia, cellulomonas, clavibacter, pseudomonas, and acinetobacter decreased the surface tension of cultivation media from 55-63 to 28-44 mn/m. strains of bacill ... | 2003 | 12751245 |
| the kinetic properties of the carboxy terminal domain of the bacillus licheniformis 749/i blar penicillin-receptor shed a new light on the derepression of beta-lactamase synthesis. | to study the properties of the blar penicillin-receptor involved in the induction of the bacillus licheniformisbeta-lactamase, the water-soluble carboxy terminal domain of the protein (blar-ctd) was overproduced in the periplasm of escherichia coli jm105 and purified to protein homogeneity. its interactions with various beta-lactam antibiotics were studied. the second-order acylation rate constants k2/k' ranged from 0.0017 to more than 1 micro m-1s-1 and the deacylation rate constants were lower ... | 2003 | 12791138 |
| enhanced secretion of heterologous cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase by a mutant of bacillus licheniformis defective in the d-alanylation of teichoic acids. | to examine whether inactivation of the dlt operon and increased charge density of the wall enhances secretion of heterologous proteins in industrial strains of bacillus licheniformis. | 2003 | 12803561 |
| a rapd-based comparison of thermophilic bacilli from milk powders. | the similarity of strains of thermophilic geobacillus stearothermophilus (formerly bacillus stearothermophilus), anoxybacillus flavithermus (formerly bacillus flavothermus), bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis isolated from separate milk powder production runs from multiple factories was examined using a random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) protocol. as a result of the analysis of the rapd fingerprints and data relating to general growth and biochemical tests, over 98% of the 1470 is ... | 2003 | 12810270 |
| biofilm-specific cross-species induction of antimicrobial compounds in bacilli. | an air-membrane surface (ams) bioreactor was designed to allow bacteria to grow attached to a surface as a biofilm in contact with air. when bacillus licheniformis strain ei-34-6, isolated from the surface of a marine alga, was grown in this reactor, cells produced antimicrobial compounds which they did not produce when they were grown in shake flask cultures. an unidentified red pigment was also produced by surface-grown cells but not by planktonically grown cells. glycerol and ferric iron were ... | 2003 | 12839737 |
| production and characterization of biosurfactants from bacillus licheniformis f2.2. | a biosurfactant-producing strain, bacillus licheniformis f2.2, was isolated from a fermented food in thailand. the strain was capable of producing a new biosurfactant, bl1193, as well as two kinds of popular lipopeptide biosurfactants, plipastatin and surfactin. mass spectrometry and ft-ir analysis indicated that bl1193 had a molecular mass of 1,193 da with no peptide portion in the molecule. while plipastatin and surfactin were abundantly produced in a nutrient ypd medium, bl1193 was produced o ... | 2003 | 12843648 |
| about a case of parotid gland abscess by bacillus licheniformis. | | 2003 | 12873477 |
| isolation and identification of thiocyanate utilizing chemolithotrophs from gold mine soils. | a mixed bacterial culture capable of growing in potassium-thiocyanate containing medium (200 mg kscn) has been isolated from bacterial suspensions of soil samples collected near gold mines in kumjung (korea). the isolates were initially characterized by metabolic profile analysis and were identified as bacillus thermoglucosidasius, bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mycoides, brevibacterium epidermidis, brevibacterium otitidis, and corynebacterium nitrilophilus. one of the seven i ... | 2003 | 12889608 |
| the microbial ecology of cocoa bean fermentations in indonesia. | cocoa beans are the principal raw material of chocolate manufacture. the beans are subject to a microbial fermentation as the first stage in chocolate production. the microbial ecology of bean fermentation (forastero and trinitario cultivars) was investigated at three commercial fermentaries in east java, indonesia by determining the populations of individual species at 12-h intervals throughout the process. the first 2-3 days of fermentation were characterised by the successional growth of vari ... | 2003 | 12892924 |
| alpha-amylase from bacillus licheniformis mutants near to the catalytic site: effects on hydrolytic and transglycosylation activity. | the alpha-amylase from bacillus licheniformis is the most widely used enzyme in the starch industry owing to its hyperthermostability, converting starch to medium-sized oligosaccharides. based on sequence alignment of homologous amylases, we found a semi-conserved sequence pattern near the active site between transglycosidic and hydrolytic amylases, which suggested that hydrophobicity may play a role in modifying the transglycosylation/hydrolysis ratio. based on this analysis, we replaced residu ... | 2003 | 12915728 |
| kinetics of beta-mannanase fermentation by bacillus licheniformis. | bacterial growth, konjac powder utilization and beta-mannanase production by bacillus licheniformis nk-27 in batch fermentation were used to develop a model of the process. the optimal set of parameters was estimated by fitting the model to experimental data. the results predicted by the model were in good agreement with the experimental data. nomenclature: fs, fraction parameter; kp, constant in equation (6) (g l(-1)); ks, monod constant for bacteria growth (g l(-1)); m, maintenance coefficient ... | 2003 | 12967001 |
| antibiotic peptides from bacillus licheniformis; licheniformins a, b and c. | | 1952 | 13018122 |
| the proteolytic system of bacillus licheniformis. | | 1955 | 13239633 |
| [activation of botulinum d toxinogenesis by bacillus licheniformis]. | | 1959 | 13650308 |
| antibiotic production as a function of spore formation in bacillus licheniformis. | | 1959 | 13799803 |
| stages in germination of spores of bacillus licheniformis. | halmann, m. (the israel institute for biological research, ness ziona) and a. keynan. stages in germination of spores of bacillus licheniformis. j. bacteriol. 84:1187-1193. 1962.-this work defines conditions under which the first biochemical step in germination of spores (the so-called trigger reaction) could be studied separately from subsequent steps in germination. although the initiation of germination of spores of bacillus licheniformis occurred only above 20 c, and at ph 6, spores preincub ... | 1962 | 13952202 |
| preliminary chemical characterization of the spore coats of bacillus licheniformis. | | 1962 | 13967670 |
| transduction of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis by each of two phages. | taylor, martha j. (u.s. army biological laboratories, fort detrick, frederick, md.) and curtis b. thorne. transduction of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis by each of two phages. j. bacteriol. 86:452-461. 1963.-a second transducing bacteriophage, designated sp-15, was isolated from the same soil-sample culture filtrate that supplied the bacillus subtilis transducing phage, sp-10, reported earlier from this laboratory. sp-10 and sp-15 differ serologically and in several other respects, ... | 1963 | 14066421 |
| polyglutamic acid synthesis by cell-free extracts of bacillus licheniformis. | | 1963 | 14068536 |
| transformation of bacillus licheniformis. | gwinn, darrel d. (oregon state university, corvallis), and curtis b. thorne. transformation of bacillus licheniformis. j. bacteriol. 87:519-526. 1964.-when a series of 28 auxotrophic mutants of bacillus licheniformis were screened for transformation, only three of them, m28 (glycine(-)), m30 (uncharacterized), and m33 (purine(-)), produced a detectable number of transformants. the screening method consisted of spreading auxotrophic cells and deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) from the prototrophic stra ... | 1964 | 14127566 |
| the distribution and formation of penicillinase in a bacterial population of bacillus licheniformis. | | 1964 | 14135542 |
| biosynthesis of bacitracin. i. formation of bacitracin by a subcellular fraction of bacillus licheniformis. | | 1964 | 14166871 |
| postlogarithmic phase metabolism of sporulating microorganisms. i. protease of bacillus licheniformis. | | 1964 | 14169155 |
| transformation to prototrophy and polyglutamic acid synthesis in bacillus licheniformis. | leonard, c. gomez (u.s. army biological laboratories, fort detrick, frederick, md.), d. k. mattheis, m. j. mattheis, and r. d. housewright. transformation to prototrophy and polyglutamic acid synthesis in bacillus licheniformis. j. bacteriol. 88:220-225. 1964.-growth conditions necessary for transformation to prototrophy of 14 auxotrophs of bacillus licheniformis were studied. the unexpected finding of different growth requirements by each auxotroph for the development of transformable cells is ... | 1964 | 14197892 |
| protoplast lysis and inhibition of growth of bacillus licheniformis by bacitracin. | snoke, john e. (university of california, los angeles), and neal cornell. protoplast lysis and inhibition of growth of bacillus licheniformis by bacitracin. j. bacteriol. 89:415-240. 1965.-the growth of bacillus licheniformis is inhibited by bacitracin, the antibiotic which the organism itself produces. the effect of the antibiotic is confined to the early growth phase of the organism. bacitracin will produce a rapid lysis of protoplasts of b. licheniformis and micrococcus lysodeikticus. the lyt ... | 1965 | 14255709 |
| changes in the nucleotide poll of bacillus licheniformis during sporulation. | leitzmann, claus (university of minnesota, minneapolis), and robert w. bernlohr. changes in the nucleotide pool of bacillus licheniformis during sporulation. j. bacteriol. 89:1506-1510. 1965.-an analysis of the amount of acid-soluble nucleotides in bacillus licheniformis cells showed a 75% increase during presporulation over that in log-phase cells. cultures in which presporulation was inhibited by actinomycin d showed a decrease in acid-soluble nucleotides during the same time interval. a separ ... | 1965 | 14291588 |
| role of amino acids in germination of bacillus licheniformis spores. i. uptake of radioactive amino acids by germinating and dormant spores. | | 1965 | 14292212 |
| different transforming characteristics of colonial variants from auxotrophic mutants of bacillus licheniformis. | | 1965 | 14329478 |
| [assay of streptomycin and its derivatives with bacillus licheniformis alter]. | | 1964 | 14337546 |
| apparent induction of ornithine transcarbamylase and arginase by arginine in bacillus licheniformis. | | 1965 | 14338793 |
| purification and properties of penicillinases from two strains of bacillus licheniformis: a chemical, physicochemical and physiological comparison. | 1. the penicillinases formed by penicillinase-constitutive mutant strains from two closely related varieties (749 and 6346) of bacillus licheniformis have been isolated, characterized and compared. they are chemically, physicochemically and immunologically very similar, but differ enzymologically in absolute and relative activity on, and affinity for, different penicillins and cephalosporins. 2. the molecular weights of both types are approx. 23000. neither enzyme contains any cyst(e)ine. howeve ... | 1965 | 14340057 |
| the biosynthesis of d-amino acids in bacillus licheniformis. | | 1962 | 14460685 |
| effects of metal ions on the optical specificity of glutamine synthetase and glutamyl transferase of bacillus licheniformis. | | 1962 | 14464064 |
| thermophilic aerobacillus from banana puree. | bacillus licheniformis was isolated from spoiled cans of banana purée. the isolate proved to be a thermophilic gas former which causes soft swell in cans of nonacidic food. thermal resistance of the spores was examined. heat treatment for at least 90 to 100 sec at 230 f was found necessary to assure commercial sterility of canned banana purée at ph 4.5. | 1962 | 14469756 |
| [effect of culture conditions on growth and adhesion of bacillus licheniformis]. | adhesion to glass of actively growing cells of the thermophilic bacillus licheniformis, isolated from the medyaginskaya test borehole (yaroslavl' oblast), was studied. the reversible adhesion (ra) manifests itself in a decline of cell density (short of cell lysis) in the liquid culture over the first 20-40 min of growth followed by normal exponential growth. the ra is minimal under favorable growth conditions but increases when cells are transferred to a new medium, especially one with a ph, tem ... | 2003 | 14526544 |
| solution structural study of blai: implications for the repression of genes involved in beta-lactam antibiotic resistance. | beta-lactamase and penicillin-binding protein pbp2' mediate staphylococcal resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, which are otherwise highly clinically effective. two repressors (blai and meci) regulate expression of these inducible proteins. here, we present the first solution structure of the 82 amino acid residue dna-binding domain of bacillus licheniformis blai which is very similar in primary sequence to the medically significant staphyloccocal blai and meci proteins. this structure is comp ... | 2003 | 14568532 |
| crystal structure of the sensor domain of the blar penicillin receptor from bacillus licheniformis. | as in several staphylococci, the synthesis of the bacillus licheniformis 749/i beta-lactamase is an inducible phenomenon regulated by a signal-transducing membrane protein blar. the c-terminal domain of this multimodular protein is an extracellular domain which specifically recognizes beta-lactam antibiotics. when it binds a beta-lactam, a signal is transmitted by the transmembrane region to the intracellular loops. in response, the hydrolytic activity of the blar large cytoplasmic l3 loop is in ... | 2003 | 14596597 |
| influence of zinc bacitracin and bacillus licheniformis on microbial intestinal functions in weaned piglets. | the influence of zinc bacitracin (zb) and of bacillus licheniformis on host microbial-related functions in young piglets was investigated by applying the concept of microflora-associated characteristics. six biochemical parameters were determined before and after weaning in faecal samples from piglets in four litters having access to a diet containing zb, to a diet containing b. licheniformis, to a diet with both additives, or to a diet with no additives, from 3 weeks of age. statistically signi ... | 2003 | 14609263 |
| glycosynthase activity of bacillus licheniformis 1,3-1,4-beta-glucanase mutants: specificity, kinetics, and mechanism. | glycosynthases are engineered retaining glycosidases devoid of hydrolase activity that efficiently catalyze transglycosylation reactions. the mechanism of the glycosynthase reaction is probed with the e134a mutant of bacillus licheniformis 1,3-1,4-beta-glucanase. this endo-glycosynthase is regiospecific for formation of a beta-1,4-glycosidic bond with alpha-glycosyl fluoride donors (laminaribiosyl as the minimal donor) and oligosaccharide acceptors containing glucose or xylose on the nonreducing ... | 2003 | 14609341 |
| multivalent conjugates of poly-gamma-d-glutamic acid from bacillus licheniformis with antibody f(ab') and glycopeptide ligands. | poly-gamma-d-glutamic acid from bacillus licheniformis is a water-soluble, nontoxic, nonimmunogenic exopolymer. using synthetic linkers, the alpha-carboxylate side chains of pga were conjugated to an exposed thiol side chain of an antibody f(ab') fragment, mc109f4. analysis of the pga-mc109f4 conjugate by gel filtration hplc revealed a mixture of multivalent conjugates. the pga-mc109f4 conjugate retained biological activity, but showed a lower binding affinity to target bcl3b3 cells than free mc ... | 2003 | 14624628 |
| antifreeze activities of poly(gamma-glutamic acid) produced by bacillus licheniformis. | various enantiomeric isomers, metals salts and molecular sizes of poly(gamma-glutamic acid), gamma-pga, produced by bacillus licheniformis ccrc 12826, were prepared and their antifreeze activities were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. the antifreeze activity of gamma-pga increased as its molecular weight decreased but was indifferent to its d/l-glutamate composition. the antifreeze activity was cation dependent decreasing in the order mg2+ >> ca2+ approximately na+ >> k+ which follo ... | 2003 | 14626412 |
| expression and secretion of an alpha-amylase gene from a native strain of bacillus licheniformis in escherichia coli by t7 promoter and putative signal peptide of the gene. | the gene encoding a hyperthermostable alpha-amylase from a bacillus licheniformis native strain was cloned in pet24d transcription vector containing t7 promoter, and expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3) cells. having confirmed the alpha-amylase activity through activity staining method on sds-page gel, the yields of production were determined in two separated intra and inter-cellular phases and compared using enzymatic assay methods. extracellular production of the active recombinant enzyme i ... | 2003 | 14632998 |
| enzymatic degradation of prion protein in brain stem from infected cattle and sheep. | prions-infectious agents involved in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies-normally survive proteolytic and mild protein-destructive processes. using bacterial keratinase produced by bacillus licheniformis strain pwd-1, we tested conditions to accomplish the full degradation of prion protein (prp) in brain-stem tissue from animals with bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie. the detection of prpsc, the disease-associated isoform of prp, in homogenates was done by western blotting and v ... | 2003 | 14639552 |
| a novel lipopeptide, an inhibitor of bacterial adhesion, from the thermophilic and halotolerant subsurface bacillus licheniformis strain 603. | a new bacillus licheniformis strain, 603, isolated from a mixture of drilling fluid and subsurface thermal water, has been found to produce a cyclic lipopeptide which is released into cultural medium as well as present in cells as the major lipid constituent (57% of the total cell lipids extractable with 2:1 chloroform-methanol). the quantitative ratio of the extracellular and intracellular lipopeptide has been estimated as 23:10. the metabolite represents a heptapeptide, l-asp-->l-leu-->l-leu-- ... | 2003 | 14643798 |
| inactivation of geobacillus stearothermophilus spores by high-pressure carbon dioxide treatment. | high-pressure co2 treatment has been studied as a promising method for inactivating bacterial spores. in the present study, we compared this method with other sterilization techniques, including heat and pressure treatment. spores of bacillus coagulans, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis, and geobacillus stearothermophilus were subjected to co2 treatment at 30 mpa and 35 degrees c, to high-hydrostatic-pressure treatment at 200 mpa and 65 degrees c, or to heat treatment at ... | 2003 | 14660357 |
| identification of novel eubacteria from spent mushroom compost (smc) waste by dna sequence typing: ecological considerations of disposal on agricultural land. | a small study was undertaken to examine the microbiological characteristics of spent mushroom compost (smc), which is the major waste by-product of the mushroom industry and which is regularly disposed off by application to agricultural land. the primary aim of this study was to examine smc for the presence of faecal bacterial pathogens, including campylobacter spp., salmonella spp. and listeria monocytogenes. secondly it was desirable to quantify bacterial and fungal populations within smc, and ... | 2004 | 14672727 |
| cloning of the pela gene from bacillus licheniformis 14a and biochemical characterization of recombinant, thermostable, high-alkaline pectate lyase. | the pectate lyase gene pela from alkaliphilic bacillus licheniformis strain 14a was cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence corresponded to an open reading frame of 1,026 bp that codes for a 39 amino acid signal peptide and a mature protein with a molecular mass of 33,451 da. the mature pela showed significant homology to other pectate lyases belonging to polysaccharide lyase family 1, such as enzymes from different bacillus spp. and erwinia chrysanthemi. the pela gene was expressed in esc ... | 2004 | 14673544 |
| inorganic compounds have dual effect on recombinant protein production: influence of anions and cations on serine alkaline protease production. | investigation of concerted effects of cations, i.e. mg2+ and mn2+, in combination with their anions, i.e. sulphate, chloride and acetate (ac), on the physiology of bacillus licheniformis carrying phv1431::subc to improve the fermentation medium for serine alkaline protease (sap) production, whereupon, determination of the acid that can be used in ph control. | 2004 | 14678174 |
| evidence of an intramolecular interaction between the two domains of the blar1 penicillin receptor during the signal transduction. | the blar1 protein is a penicillin-sensory transducer involved in the induction of the bacillus licheniformis beta-lactamase. the amino-terminal domain of the protein exhibits four transmembrane segments (tm1-tm4) that form a four-alpha-helix bundle embedded in the plasma bilayer. the carboxyl-terminal domain of 250 amino acids (blar-ctd) fused at the carboxyl end of tm4 possesses the amino acid sequence signature of penicillin-binding proteins. this membrane topology suggests that blar-ctd and t ... | 2004 | 14736870 |
| [catechol siderophore, produced by thermoresistent strain of bacillus licheniformis vk21]. | thermophilic and thermoresistant strains of bacilli were screened on a medium containing chrome azurol s for producers of siderophores. it was found that the bacillus licheniformis vk21 strain dramatically increases secretion of the metabolite, a chelator of fe3+, in response to addition of manganese(ii) salts. the growth of the producer on a minimum medium containing mnso4 under the conditions of iron deficiency is accompanied by the accumulation of a catechol product, the content of which reac ... | 2003 | 14743533 |
| genotypic diversity among bacillus licheniformis strains from various sources. | bacillus licheniformis is exploited industrially for the production of enzymes and has been shown to exhibit pathogenic properties. because of these divergent characteristics, questions arise concerning intraspecies diversity. a comparative study by means of combined repetitive polymerase chain reaction, rpob and gyra sequencing, 16s rdna targeted probe analysis, dna-dna hybridizations, gelatinase tests and antibiotic susceptibility tests was performed on a set of strains from diverse sources, i ... | 2004 | 14769472 |
| optimization of medium composition for keratinase production on feather by bacillus licheniformis rg1 using statistical methods involving response surface methodology. | a 3.5-fold increase in keratinase production by bacillus licheniformis rg1 was achieved by using statistical methods involving plackett-burman design and response surface methodology. eight variables were screened using plackett-burman design. of these, glucose, peptone and glutathione were found to affect the response signal positively, whereas cacl(2) had a negative effect. further interaction of these factors, along with phosphate and incubation time, was studied using response surface method ... | 2004 | 14871173 |
| effect of high pressure gaseous carbon dioxide on the germination of bacterial spores. | effect of high pressure gaseous carbon dioxide treatment (hgct) at 6.5 mpa, 35 degrees c on the germination of bacterial spores was investigated. germination of bacterial spores was estimated by the decrease of heat tolerance. approximately, 40% of bacillus coagulans and 70% of bacillus licheniformis were germinated by hgct for 120 min at 35 degrees c, respectively. germination was confirmed by phase contrast microscopy. the effect of hydrostatic pressure treatment (hpt) at 6.5 mpa, 35 degrees c ... | 2004 | 14996465 |
| lipase-producing microorganisms from a kenyan alkaline soda lake. | lipolytic enzyme production of 150 isolated strains from samples of lake bogoria (kenya) was examined. among these, fifteen isolates were selected on the basis of their lipolytic activities and subjected to morphological and 16s rrna gene sequencing analyses for their identification. all the microorganisms have been selected under culture conditions with ph ranges between 7-10 and temperatures of 37-55 degrees c. most of them showed optimal growth at 37 degrees c and tolerated salinity up to 10% ... | 2004 | 15000472 |
| purification and characterization of a new peptide antibiotic produced by a thermotolerant bacillus licheniformis strain. | a bacillus licheniformis strain, 189, isolated from a hot spring environment in the azores, portugal, strongly inhibited growth of gram-positive bacteria. it produced a peptide antibiotic at 50 degrees c. the antibiotic was purified and biochemically characterized. it was highly resistant to several proteolytic enzymes. additionally, it retained its antimicrobial activity after incubation at ph values between 3.5 and 8; it was thermostable, retaining about 85% and 20% of its activity after 6 h a ... | 2004 | 15000477 |
| amylose formulations for drug delivery to the colon: a comparison of two fermentation models to assess colonic targeting performance in vitro. | the purpose of this study was to develop an enzyme-based fermentation system for the in vitro assessment of colonic digestion of amylose films and coatings, and to compare its performance with a conventional fermentation model inoculated with human faecal bacteria. amylose and ethylcellulose were mixed in different ratios and cast as isolated films, as well as spray coated onto drug-(5-aminosalicylic acid) loaded pellets. four commercial amylase enzymes were individually screened for their abili ... | 2004 | 15010137 |
| identification and antimicrobial activity of phenylacetic acid produced by bacillus licheniformis isolated from fermented soybean, chungkook-jang. | a bacterial strain, b65-1, which showed strong antimicrobial activity, was isolated from chungkook-jang, a traditional korean fermented-soybean food with antimicrobial properties. based on carbon utilization pattern and partial 16s rrna sequence analysis, the b65-1 strain was identified as bacillus licheniformis. an antibiotic compound, active against bacteria and yeast such as staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, and candida albicans, was isolated by various chromatographic procedures from ... | 2004 | 15057459 |
| bioprocess parameters and oxygen transfer characteristics in beta-lactamase production by bacillus species. | after screening potential beta-lactamase producers in a medium containing penicillin g, an inducible (bacillus subtilis nrs 1125) and a constitutive (bacillus licheniformis 749/c atcc 25972) beta-lactamase producer were selected. as the highest enzyme activity was obtained with b. licheniformis 749/c, the effects of the concentration of carbon sources, i.e., glucose, fructose, sucrose, citric acid, and glycerol, and nitrogen sources, i.e., (nh(4))(2)hpo(4), nh(4)cl, yeast extract, casamino acids ... | 2004 | 15058994 |
| protease-induced aggregation of bovine alpha-lactalbumin: identification of the primary associating fragment. | details in the hydrolysis of alpha-lactalbumin known to result in formation of highly ordered nanotubules, was investigated by incubation of solutions with 10 g alpha-lactalbumin/l with a specific protease from bacillus licheniformis (blp). after 50 min of incubation, soluble aggregates were formed, the concentration of which increased until precipitation occurred after 200 min. the latter aggregates were dissolved in urea or at low ph, like the nanotubules characteristic of gels formed by the a ... | 2004 | 15068071 |
| [reversible adhesion protects the thermophilic bacterium bacillus licheniformis 603 from n-ethylmaleimide]. | | 2004 | 15074053 |
| improving the two-step remediation process for cca-treated wood: part i. evaluating oxalic acid extraction. | in this study, three possible improvements to a remediation process for chromated-copper-arsenate- (cca) treated wood were evaluated. the process involves two steps: oxalic acid extraction of wood fiber followed by bacterial culture with bacillus licheniformis cc01. the three potential improvements to the oxalic acid extraction step were (1) reusing oxalic acid for multiple extractions, (2) varying the ratio of oxalic acid to wood, and (3) using a noncommercial source of oxalic acid such as aspe ... | 2004 | 15081068 |
| improving the two-step remediation process for cca-treated wood: part ii. evaluating bacterial nutrient sources. | remediation processes for recovery and reuse of chromated-copper-arsenate- (cca) treated wood are not gaining wide acceptance because they are more expensive than landfill disposal. one reason is the high cost of the nutrient medium used to culture the metal-tolerant bacterium, bacillus licheniformis, which removes 70-100% of the copper, chromium, and arsenic from cca-treated southern yellow pine (cca-syp) in a two-step process involving oxalic acid extraction and bacterial culture. to reduce th ... | 2004 | 15081069 |
| [culture media for growth and spore formation of bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis]. | the nutrient media for deep cultivation of bacillus subtilis 3 and bacillus licheniformis 31 have been optimized. it has been shown, that the media caused much higher biomass production from 2.0 x 10(10) cfu/ml media for b. subtilis 3 to 5.1 x 10(10) cfu/ml for b. licheniformis 31 and 50% production of spores by both cultures under such cultivation conditions. | 2004 | 15104053 |
| complete sequence and structural organization of pfl5 and pfl7, two cryptic plasmids from bacillus licheniformis. | the complete nucleotide sequences of two plasmids, pfl5 and pfl7, isolated from soil bacteria, bacillus licheniformis fl5 and fl7, have been determined. the plasmids pfl5 and pfl7 were analyzed and found to be 9150 and 7853 bp in size with a g+c content of 41.0 and 43.6 mol%, respectively. computer assisted analysis of sequence data revealed 11 possible orfs in pfl5, four of which could be assigned no function from homology searches. instead, eight putative orfs were identified in pfl7, two of w ... | 2004 | 15109826 |
| identification, molecular biotyping and ultrastructural studies of bacterial communities isolated from two damaged frescoes of st damian's monastery in assisi. | to investigate the composition of the microbial community in biodeterioration of two frescoes in st damian's monastery in assisi. | 2004 | 15130137 |
| isolation, characterization, and identification of bacterial contaminants in semifinal gelatin extracts. | bacterial contamination of gelatin is of great concern. indeed, this animal colloid has many industrial applications, mainly in food and pharmaceutical products. in a previous study (e. de clerck and p. de vos, syst. appl. microbiol. 25:611-618), contamination of a gelatin production process with a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was demonstrated. in this study, bacterial contamination of semifinal gelatin extracts from several production plants was examined. since these extr ... | 2004 | 15184171 |
| a proteomic view of cell physiology of bacillus licheniformis. | the still ongoing sequencing of bacillus licheniformis at the göttingen sequencing laboratory provides the basis for proteome studies of the bacterium. by using two-dimensional (2-d) electrophoresis and protein identification by mass spectrometry, we were able to create master gels for b. licheniformis cells grown either in minimal medium or in complex medium containing about 300 and 180 entries, respectively. with the decodon delta 2d software we identified the most abundant protein spots on th ... | 2004 | 15188415 |
| design of a 5' exonuclease-based real-time pcr assay for simultaneous detection of bacillus licheniformis, members of the 'b. cereus group' and b. fumarioli in gelatine. | the design of a fast, sensitive and specific detection method for bacillus licheniformis, members of the 'b. cereus group' and b. fumarioli in gelatine. | 2004 | 15189297 |
| [growth characteristics of lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis at deep cultivation in the monoculture and coculture]. | active growth of some representatives of bacteria of bacillus genus on earlier optimized nutrient medium for l. plantarum 8r-a3 is shown. growth characteristics of the studied bacteria at mixed cultivation on this medium have been studied. the increase of their growth activity and accumulation of cell biomass has been determined. taking into consideration the fact, that the process of obtaining of the studied strain mixed culture was determined by the type of ecological vital strategy of each se ... | 2004 | 15208855 |
| the effect of inoculum age and solid versus liquid propagation on inoculum quality of an industrial bacillus licheniformis strain. | shorter lag phases were obtained in cultivations of bacillus licheniformis using early-compared to late-stationary growth phase inocula and using liquid versus solid propagation medium. flow cytometry and fluorescence ratio imaging microscopy (frim) after staining with 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (cfda-se), confirmed that liquid early-stationary growth phase inoculum had a higher vitality and was more homogeneous than solid late-stationary growth phase inoculum. dna-micr ... | 2004 | 15212804 |
| bacteriocin-like substance production by bacillus licheniformis strain p40. | to investigate the production of bacteriocin-like compounds by bacillus spp. isolated from the amazon basin. | 2004 | 15214721 |
| comparative studies on trifluoroethanol (tfe) state of a thermophilic alpha-amylase and its mesophilic counterpart: limited proteolysis, conformational analysis, aggregation and reactivation of the enzymes. | detailed circular dichroism (cd), scattering and quenching studies, 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ans) binding, irreversible thermoinactivation, activity measurements and proteolytic digestion of bacterial alpha-amylases have been carried out to elucidate the effect of trifluoroethanol (tfe) on the structure of these enzymes. under high concentrations of tfe both of the alpha-amylases, a thermostable alpha-amylase from bacillus licheniformis (bla) and its mesophilic counterpart from bacillus ... | 2004 | 15225989 |
| caffeine in tea plants [camellia sinensis (l) o. kuntze]: in situ lowering by bacillus licheniformis (weigmann) chester. | tea plants (camellia sinensis) contain 5-6% caffeine that is responsible for the stimulating effect of the beverage. as the tolerance to caffeine varies among individuals, low caffeine tea would be an ideal alternative. while assessing the potential of a few selected bacteria-bacillus licheniformis, b. subtilis and b. firmus, to multiply on nutrient medium supplemented with glucose (5%) and tea leaf extract (2%), it was observed that only b. licheniformis could proliferate on this medium. hence, ... | 2004 | 15260108 |
| cloning and over-expression of an alkaline protease from bacillus licheniformis. | the alkaline protease gene, apr, from bacillus licheniformis 2709 was cloned into a bacillus shuttle expression vector, phl, to yield the recombinant plasmid phl-apr. the phl-apr was expressed in bacillus subtilis wb600, yielding a high expression strain bw-016. the amount of alkaline protease produced in the recombinant increased by 65% relative to the original strain. sds-page analysis indicated a mr of 30.5 kda. the amino acid sequence deduced from the dna sequence analysis revealed a 98% ide ... | 2004 | 15269522 |
| influence of calcium on the self-assembly of partially hydrolyzed alpha-lactalbumin. | self-assembly of alpha-lactalbumin after partial hydrolysis by a protease from bacillus licheniformis can result in nanotubular structures, which show many similarities to microtubules. calcium plays a crucial role in this process. the objective of this investigation was to study the role of calcium in more detail. the kinetics of the hydrolysis step and the self-assembly step were monitored by respectively liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and dynamic light scattering. the microstructure ... | 2004 | 15274593 |
| structural stability and unfolding properties of thermostable bacterial alpha-amylases: a comparative study of homologous enzymes. | in a comparative investigation on two thermostable alpha-amylases [bacillus amyloliquefaciens (baa), t(m) = 86 degrees c and bacillus licheniformis (bla), t(m) = 101 degrees c], we studied thermal and guanidine hydrochloride (gndhcl)-induced unfolding using fluorescence and cd spectroscopy, as well as dynamic light scattering. depletion of calcium from specific ion-binding sites in the protein structures reduces the melting temperature tremendously for both alpha-amylases. the reduction is nearl ... | 2004 | 15274613 |
| guanidinium chloride denaturation of the dimeric bacillus licheniformis blai repressor highlights an independent domain unfolding pathway. | the bacillus licheniformis 749/i blai repressor is a prokaryotic regulator that, in the absence of a beta-lactam antibiotic, prevents the transcription of the blap gene, which encodes the blap beta-lactamase. the blai repressor is composed of two structural domains. the 82-residue ntd (n-terminal domain) is a dna-binding domain, and the ctd (c-terminal domain) containing the next 46 residues is a dimerization domain. recent studies have shown the existence of the monomeric, dimeric and tetrameri ... | 2004 | 15285720 |
| increased production of bacillus keratinase by chromosomal integration of multiple copies of the kera gene. | to increase the production of keratinase, stable strains of bacillus licheniformis carrying multiple keratinase gene copies in the chromosome were developed. integrative vectors carrying kera with or without p43-promoter were constructed and subcloned into b. licheniformis t399d and bacillus subtilis db104. in t399d, multiple copies of kera integration into the chromosome were identified and determined by southern blot. the optimal integration of kera was found in the range of 3-5 copies. higher ... | 2004 | 15286982 |
| purification of arcr, an oxidation-sensitive regulatory protein from bacillus licheniformis. | in bacillus licheniformis, arcr, a transcriptional activator of the crp/fnr family, is required for expression of the anaerobic pathway of arginine catabolism, the arginine deiminase pathway. the method described here allows the purification of milligram quantities of functional arcr from a recombinant escherichia coli strain. the solubility properties of arcr were much exploited during the purification process. the protein appeared highly sensitive to oxidation. oxidation-induced precipitation ... | 2004 | 15294278 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic studies of glutamic acid-specific proteinase from bacillus licheniformis complex with z-leu-glu-ch2cl. | a glutamic acid specific proteinase from bacillus licheniformis has been crystallized as a complex with the inhibitor z-leu-glu-ch(2)cl. crystals were grown by the vapor-diffusion method using sodium formate as a precipitant. the crystals diffracted to about 2.0 a resolution and belonged to the trigonal space group p3(1)21 (p3(2)21) with unit-cell parameters a = b = 134.3, c = 109.7 a. a total of 26 964 independent reflections were obtained up to 2.2 a resolution, the merging r-factor being 0.05 ... | 1995 | 15299819 |
| the structure of endo-beta-1,4-galactanase from bacillus licheniformis in complex with two oligosaccharide products. | the beta-1,4-galactanase from bacillus licheniformis (blgal) is a plant cell-wall-degrading enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of beta-1,4-galactan in the hairy regions of pectin. the crystal structure of blgal was determined by molecular replacement both alone and in complex with the products galactobiose and galactotriose, catching a first crystallographic glimpse of fragments of beta-1,4-galactan. as expected for an enzyme belonging to gh-53, the blgal structure reveals a (betaalpha)(8)-barrel ... | 2004 | 15312766 |
| anaerobic growth of bacillus mojavensis and bacillus subtilis requires deoxyribonucleosides or dna. | bacillus mojavensis strains jf-2 (atcc 39307), rob2, and abo21191(t) and bacillus subtilis strains 168 (atcc 23857) and atcc 12332 required four deoxyribonucleosides or dna for growth under strict anaerobic conditions. bacillus licheniformis strains l89-11 and l87-11, bacillus sonorensis strain tg8-8, and bacillus cereus (atcc 14579) did not require dna for anaerobic growth. the requirement for the deoxyribonucleosides or dna did not occur under aerobic growth conditions. the addition of a mixtu ... | 2004 | 15345407 |