| evaluation of arbitrarily primed pcr analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of large genomic dna fragments for identification of enterococci important in human medicine. | the increasing problems encountered with enterococcal nosocomial infections and the intrinsic and acquired resistance of the enterococci to different antimicrobial compounds highlight the need for a rapid identification technique. enterococcus faecalis is readily identified by biochemical tests, but species differentiation within the enterococcus faecium and enterococcus gallinarum species groups is less well established. in the present study, 66 strains representing the most prevalent human ent ... | 1997 | 9103648 |
| enterococcus faecium in hospitals. | most of the characteristics that have ensured the success of enterococci as nosocomial pathogens were described early in this century. enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis, the enterococci most frequently isolated from clinical material, differ fundamentally. the intrinsic antimicrobial resistance of enterococcus faecium, supplemented by acquired resistance mechanisms, can generate a glycopeptide-multiply-resistant nosocomial pathogen that survives on hands and in the environment, and ... | 1997 | 9105837 |
| recurrent septicemias with enterococcus faecium. | a 17-year-old male patient with extrahepatic biliary atresia underwent an orthotopic liver transplantation in september 1994. in blood cultures drawn in november and (6 weeks later) december 1994, from bile secretions in may 1995, stool in june 1995 an wound abscess in august 1995, ampicillin-resistant enterococcus faecium was isolated. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated the clonal identity of the isolates. to our knowledge, repeated infections with the same e. faecium strain over a p ... | 1997 | 9108191 |
| recurrent vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium bacteremia in a leukemia patient who was persistently colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococci for two years. | | 1997 | 9114211 |
| vancomycin resistance and mortality associated with enterococcal bacteremia. | | 1997 | 9114224 |
| species identification of enterococci via intergenic ribosomal pcr. | accurate species identification of enterococci has become important with the wide prevalence of acquired vancomycin resistance and the presence of less epidemiologically important, inherently vancomycin-resistant enterococci. using a collection of enterococcal strains, we found that pcr amplification of the intergenic spacer (its-pcr) between the 16s and 23s rrna genes can produce amplicon profiles characteristic of the enterococcus examined. the species examined were group i enterococci (entero ... | 1997 | 9114380 |
| a pcr assay for identification of enterococcus faecium. | enterococcus faecium has recently emerged as a serious nosocomial pathogen. the prevalence and severity of enterococcal infections, the mortality rate from such infections, and the antibiotic resistance of enterococci are often species dependent. since conventional biochemical methods fail to differentiate e. faecium from certain newly described enterococcal species, a pcr-based assay was developed for the rapid identification of e. faecium. | 1997 | 9114416 |
| fatal fungemia resulting from an infected transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt stent. | placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is a well accepted treatment in the management of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding. although morbidity and mortality associated with the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts have dramatically decreased, complications still occur. we report a case of fatal fungemia resulting from an infected transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt stent. | 1997 | 9128335 |
| vre and meat. | | 1997 | 9130981 |
| skin colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci among hospitalized patients with bacteremia. | to assess the prevalence of skin and rectal colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in hospitalized bacteremic patients and to determine the relation between colonization and bacteremia, we compared 14 case patients who had bacteremia due to vre with 30 control patients who had bacteremia due to other pathogens. rectal colonization and skin (inguinal area and/or antecubital fossa) colonization with vre were common among both case patients (100% had rectal colonization, and 86% had ... | 1997 | 9145745 |
| in-vitro study of the synergy between beta-lactam antibiotics and glycopeptides against enterococci. | the synergy between glycopeptides and beta-lactams was studied using different techniques such as broth macrodilution, killing curves and agar dilution combined with agar diffusion. two glycopeptide-resistant enterococci isolated from different clinical samples were used. results showed different effects with significant changes in mics. antibacterial activity was related to the concentration of glycopeptide and beta-lactam for enterococcus faecalis 8253, while for enterococcus faecium 8072 a pa ... | 1997 | 9145818 |
| intracellular activity of trovafloxacin (cp-99,219) against enterococcus faecium. | | 1997 | 9145833 |
| influence of inducible cross-resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin b-type antibiotics in enterococcus faecium on activity of quinupristin-dalfopristin in vitro and in rabbits with experimental endocarditis. | the influence of inducible cross-resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin b (mls(b)) type antibiotics (inducible mls(b) phenotype) on the activity of quinupristin-dalfopristin was investigated against enterococcus faecium in vitro and in rabbits with experimental endocarditis. in vitro, quinupristin-dalfopristin displayed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against a mls(b)-susceptible strain similar to those against two strains with the inducible mls(b) phenotype. in add ... | 1997 | 9145847 |
| overexpression and characterization of the chromosomal aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase from enterococcus faecium. | the chromosomal gene aac(6')-ii, encoding an aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase in enterococcus faecium, renders this organism resistant to moderate levels of many aminoglycoside antibiotics. the ubiquitous presence of aac(6')-ii in e. faecium complicates the selection of antibiotics for treatment of infections caused by this organism. in view of the importance of this enzyme, we have initiated studies to gain an understanding of its molecular mechanism of acetyl transfer. the aac(6')-ii enzy ... | 1997 | 9145851 |
| assessment of the synergistic interactions of levofloxacin and ampicillin against enterococcus faecium by the checkerboard agar dilution and time-kill methods. | multidrug-resistant enterococci have become increasingly difficult to eradicate in a growing number of nosocomial infections. with the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci, the use of synergistic antibiotic combinations has become one of the only remaining therapeutic options. levofloxacin, the active l-isomer of ofloxacin, is a new oral and intravenous fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of activity against numerous gram-positive, gram-negative, and atypical organisms. the in vitro a ... | 1997 | 9147009 |
| antimicrobial characteristics of quinupristin/dalfopristin (synercid at 30:70 ratio) compared to alternative ratios for in vitro testing. | quinupristin/dalfopristin is a new streptogramin combination that occurs at a natural ratio and formulation of 30:70. rapid metabolism of the dalfopristin component to rp 12536 in vivo puts in question the validity of in vitro test of spectrum with the parent combination. in studies of quinupristin with both dalfopristin and rp 12536, a wide range of ratios (30:70, 50:50, 70:30) were tested by reference mic and mbc tests. no significant potency differences were observed between combination ratio ... | 1997 | 9154409 |
| colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium: comparison of a long-term-care unit with an acute-care hospital. | to compare the epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre) in a long-term-care unit and an acute-care hospital. | 1997 | 9154476 |
| activity of disinfectants against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. | vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) often contaminate the hospital environment. we examined the activity of commonly used disinfectants against eight strains of vre, using a quantitative suspension test method. isopropyl alcohol and sodium hypochlorite were highly effective. hydrogen peroxide was ineffective for all strains. after 10 minutes of incubation (the manufactures' recommended time of exposure), three phenolic and three quaternary ammonium compounds also were highly effective. after ... | 1997 | 9154479 |
| [regulation mechanism of glycopeptide resistance expression]. | the glycopeptide antibiotics have been used to treat severe infections caused by pathogenic gram- positive bacteria since their discovery in the 1950s. however, resistance is now emerging and spreading among enterococci. the mechanism of resistance is the synthesis of a modified cell-wall precursor, terminating in d-lactate with a lower affinity for the glycopeptides. three glycopeptide resistance phenotype (vana, vanb and vanc) have been distinguished on the basis of the level and inducibility ... | 1997 | 9155176 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium shunt infection in an infant: an antibiotic cure. | | 1995 | 9156389 |
| conjugative mobilization of a vancomycin resistance plasmid by a putative enterococcus faecium sex pheromone response plasmid. | recent epidemiological evidence suggests that horizontal gene transfer may be an important mechanism for dissemination of vancomycin resistance. a filter mating survey of 21 vana enterococcus faecium isolates from the new york hospital showed that 14 of these isolates transferred vancomycin resistance (vmr) to the plasmid-free reference strain enterococcus faecalis jh2-2. one isolate, e. faecium r7, was selected for further study based on its ability to transfer vmr to strain jh2-2 in liquid cul ... | 1995 | 9158753 |
| intrinsic penicillin resistance in enterococci. | penicillin resistance development in enterococci has been associated with overproduction of a low-affinity penicillin-binding protein (pbp) that is a normal component of the pbp pattern of these bacteria and is apparently able to substitute the functions of the other pbps. in resistant mutants of enterococcus hirae atcc 9790 the low-affinity pbp (pbp5) overproduction was associated with a deletion in a genetic element, located 1 kb upstream of the pbp5 gene, which negatively controlled pbp5 synt ... | 1996 | 9158761 |
| peptidoglycan composition of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. | muropeptide composition of peptidoglycan isolated from isogenic vancomycin-resistant and sensitive enterococcus faecium strains was analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with amino acid and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric analyses. peptidoglycan of the sensitive and resistant strains was the same and was composed of tri- and tetrapeptides stem peptide subunits with or without aspartate or asparagine substitutions on the epsilon-amino group of the lysi ... | 1996 | 9158764 |
| plasmid-mediated vanb glycopeptide resistance in enterococci. | enterococcus faecium, which was highly resistant to vancomycin (mic 256 mg/liter), but susceptible to teicoplanin (mic 2 mg/liter), caused two distinct episodes of infection on a renal unit in the united kingdom. pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) indicated that a single strain caused the first episode, while the second episode, which occurred 1 year later, involved multiple strains, all of which were distinct from the original strain. vancomycin resistance in all but one of these strains w ... | 1995 | 9158780 |
| serious infections caused by multiply-resistant enterococcus faecium. | three liver transplant patients developed serious intraabdominal infections and recurrent bacteremias due to strains of enterococcus faecium with high-level resistance to vancomycin. the enterococci were also resistant to all other antibacterials except pristinamycin, which, given orally, proved ineffective. one strain was sensitive to tetracycline. increasingly, clinicians are likely to encounter infections caused by multiply-resistant enterococci, and these cases illustrate the seriousness of ... | 1995 | 9158781 |
| quinupristin/dalfopristin (rp 59500) therapy for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium aortic graft infection: case report. | a 46-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with severe peripheral vascular disease, requiring multiple vascular surgical procedures. during the sixth hospital week, after prior therapy with multiple antibiotics, enterococcus faecium was isolated as the only organism from an operating room culture of an infected aortic graft. histological examination of the graft showed infiltration with polymorphonuclear leukocytes. subsequently, cultures of an infected inguinal wound yielded enterococcus ... | 1995 | 9158782 |
| successful treatment of persistent bacteremia due to vancomycin-resistant, ampicillin-resistant enterococcus faecium. | emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci has become an increasing problem in many medical centers. we report a liver transplant recipient with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium bacteremia who was successfully treated using very high dose continuous infusion ampicillin/sulbactam, plus gentamicin after he remained bacteremic on high dose ampicillin and gentamicin. at our institution, 83% of e. faecium isolates from 1994 were inhibited by ampicillin/sulbactam compared to 66% for ampici ... | 1995 | 9158783 |
| occurrence of glycopeptide resistance among enterococcus faecium isolates from conventional and ecological poultry farms. | | 1995 | 9158784 |
| glycopeptide-resistant enterococcus faecium outside hospitals: a commentary. | | 1995 | 9158785 |
| enterococcus faecium strains with vana-mediated high-level glycopeptide resistance isolated from animal foodstuffs and fecal samples of humans in the community. | the occurrence and the further spread of high-level glycopeptide-resistant, vana-positive enterococcus faecium strains outside of hospitals have been investigated. we could isolate such bacteria directly from thawing liquids of commercially produced frozen poultry (chickens, turkeys; no further data on previous feeding with avoparcin were available). in 5 of 13 samples of raw minced meat of pigs originating from 13 different butcher's shops, glycopeptide-resistant e. faecium (vana type) could be ... | 1995 | 9158786 |
| multiplicity of genetic backgrounds among vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium isolates recovered from an outbreak in a new york city hospital. | a total of 182 vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium and 6 enterococcus faecalis inpatient isolates recovered during a 2-year period (1990-1992) in a new york city hospital were analyzed by molecular fingerprinting techniques, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), of chromosomal smai digests combined with southern hybridization using vana and vanb2-specific dna probes. of the 180 isolates hybridizing with these probes, 153 carried the vana and 27 the vanb gene. as many as 21 different pfg ... | 1996 | 9158791 |
| testing the efficacy of a molecular surveillance network: methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vref) genotypes in six hospitals in the metropolitan new york city area. the barg initiative pilot study group. bacterial antibiotic resistance group. | molecular fingerprinting techniques are rapidly becoming indispensable tools for hospital epidemiology. on the other hand, the relative complexity and unfamiliarity of these techniques to most hospital diagnostic laboratories limit their usefulness. in an attempt to provide a solution for this dilemma, we tested the feasibility and efficacy of a cooperative venture in which molecular typing of isolates recovered from patients in six hospitals was performed at two microbiology research laboratori ... | 1996 | 9158794 |
| molecular epidemiology of enterococci with high-level resistance to aminoglycosides. | dna-based methodologies are considerably more powerful than other phenotype-based typing systems, providing a finer level of epidemiological discrimination, differentiating both closely and distantly related independent isolates that otherwise may appear as identical. in this study, plasmid analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were used to compare 28 isolates of enterococci (respectively 13 strains of enterococcus faecalis and 15 strains of enterococcus faecium) with high-level resistan ... | 1995 | 9158799 |
| in vitro activity of rp 59500 (quinupristin/dalfopristin) and ramoplanin against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. | vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vref) collected between july 1991 and february 1994 were tested in vitro against rp 59500 and ramoplanin using agar dilution and standard macro broth dilution procedures. colony counts were determined at 0, 4, and 24 h. rp 59500 had an mic range of < or = 0.5-8 micrograms/ml with an mic90 of 2 micrograms/ml and a mbc range of < or = 0.5-16 micrograms/ml with an mbc90 of 16 micrograms/ml. ramoplanin had an mic range of < or = 0.125-1 microgram/ml with an ... | 1995 | 9158806 |
| treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium infections with an investigational streptogramin antibiotic (quinupristin/dalfopristin): a report of fifteen cases. | new therapies for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vref) infections are urgently needed. we describe the treatment of 15 patients with vref infection with quinupristin/dalfopristin (rp 59500), a new injectable streptogramin antibiotic. primary infections treated were bacteremia (4), urinary tract (4), intraabdominal (5), otitis externa (1), and meningitis (1). minimum inhibitory concentrations for quinupristin/dalfopristin ranged from 0.5 microgram/ml or less to 2 micrograms/ml, and mi ... | 1996 | 9158811 |
| persistence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium gastrointestinal tract colonization in antibiotic-treated mice. | colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vref) is strongly associated with previous antimicrobial therapy. the gastrointestinal (gi) tract appears to be the major reservoir for this organism. we used antibiotic-treated swiss webster mice to study gi tract colonization with a characterized strain of vref (e. faecium 228). mice were pretreated with antibiotics in their daily drinking water and inoculated with 10(9) colony-forming units (cfu) of e. faecium 228 by oral gavage. we ... | 1996 | 9158812 |
| survival of acinetobacter baumannii on dry surfaces. | acinetobacter spp. have frequently been reported to be the causative agents of hospital outbreaks. the circumstances of some outbreaks demonstrated the long survival of acinetobacter in a dry, inanimate environment. in laboratory experiments, we compared the abilities of five acinetobacter baumannii strains, three acinetobacter sp. strains from the american type culture collection (atcc), one escherichia coli atcc strain, and one enterococcus faecium atcc strain to survive under dry conditions. ... | 1997 | 9163451 |
| emergence and dissemination of a highly vancomycin-resistant vana strain of enterococcus faecium at a large teaching hospital. | we prospectively identified patients at the massachusetts general hospital from whom vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) were isolated from a clinical specimen from 1 january 1991 through 31 december 1995. vre strains were available from 139 (82%) of the 169 patients with clinical cases. of these, 39 (28%) were identical or closely related by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (i.e., vre type a strain), including 38 (43%) of 89 vre strains in 1995. by multivariate analysis, acquisition of the v ... | 1997 | 9163483 |
| effect of a vancomycin restriction policy on ordering practices during an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. | with the development of nosocomial pathogens that are resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents, reasonable restriction of antibiotic use has become a priority. | 1997 | 9164379 |
| urinary tract infections. | urinary tract infections (utis) are still the precipitating cause for 7 million patient visits per year with total costs exceeding one billion dollars. diagnostic modalities have become more "friendly" for the smaller laboratory with "dip stick" culture tests providing a rapid method of isolation of pathogens. in many cases, empiric therapy is more cost effective than culture in uncomplicated utis in women. the etiologic organisms implicated in utis have not changed dramatically over the past tw ... | 1997 | 9167654 |
| inter-hospital spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. | | 1997 | 9172047 |
| antimicrobial activity of du-6681a, a parent compound of novel oral carbapenem dz-2640. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of du-6681a, a parent compound of dz-2640, against gram-positive and -negative bacteria was compared with those of penems and cephalosporins currently available. mics at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (mic90s) of the compound for clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis, including methicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains, were 0.10, 25, and 12.5 microg/ml, respectively. du-6 ... | 1997 | 9174181 |
| pharmacodynamic evaluation of a new glycopeptide, ly333328, and in vitro activity against staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecium. | the objectives of the present study were to compare the in vitro activity of ly333328 (ly) to that of vancomycin (v) alone and in combination with gentamicin (g) and rifampin (r) against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and v-resistant enterococcus faecium (vref), by using the killing curve methods. in addition, the effect of the inoculum size and protein on ly's activity was evaluated by using mics and killing curves. mics, mbcs, and killing curves were determined with supplem ... | 1997 | 9174189 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | | 1997 | 9174211 |
| time-kill curves for a semisynthetic glycopeptide, ly333328, against vancomycin-susceptible and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium strains. | | 1997 | 9174212 |
| the effect of vancomycin on the structure of vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant enterococcus faecium strains. | | 1997 | 9174214 |
| high level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococci isolated from hospitalized patients. | drug resistance in enterococci isolated from hospitalized patients is reported. out of 421 strains tested, 45 (10.7%) showed high level aminoglycoside resistance (hlar). at the species level, 8.2 per cent of enterococcus faecalis and 33.3 per cent of e. faecium were hlar. while all the strains of e. faecalis were sensitive to vancomycin, one strain of e. faecium was vancomycin resistant. | 1997 | 9183074 |
| in-vitro microbiological assessment of a new penem, men 10700. | the in-vitro antibacterial activity of men 10700, a novel penem, has been compared with that of ritipenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, cefotaxime and co-amoxiclav against 539 strains taken from 17 genera. men 10700 was most active against staphylococci and streptococci (mic90 < 0.5 mg/l), slightly less active against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., moraxella catarrhalis and peptostreptococci (mic90 0.5-2 mg/l), moderately active against enterococcus fae ... | 1997 | 9184355 |
| detection of the phosphorylcholine epitope in streptococci, haemophilus and pathogenic neisseriae by immunoblotting. | the phosphorylcholine (pc) determinant in streptococcus pneumoniae is known to be linked to the cell wall polysaccharides (c-ps) and to the lipoteichoic acid (lta) (forssman antigen) of the plasma membrane. western blotting with two pc specific murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) designated 145,f-2 (igm) and 147,a-1 (iga) showed a similar ladder-like pattern for all examined strains of s. pneumoniae and streptococcus mitis. purified antigens run in parallel indicated that this ladder pattern is ... | 1997 | 9188087 |
| the lantibiotic mersacidin inhibits peptidoglycan biosynthesis at the level of transglycosylation. | the lantibiotic mersacidin has been previously reported to interfere with bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis, [brötz, h., bierbaum, g., markus, a., molitor, e. & sahl, h.-g. (1995) antimicrob. agents chemother. 39, 714-719]. here, we focus on the target reaction and describe a mersacidin-induced accumulation of udp-n-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide, indicating that inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis occurs after the formation of cytoplasmic precursors. in vitro studies involving a wall-membrane ... | 1997 | 9210483 |
| antimicrobial activities of squalamine mimics. | we investigated the antimicrobial properties of compounds with structural features that were designed to mimic those of squalamine, an antibiotic isolated from the stomach of the dogfish shark. the mimics, like squalamine, are sterol-polyamine conjugates. unlike squalamine, the mimics were simple to prepare, at high yield, from readily available starting materials. several squalamine mimics showed activity against gram-negative rods, gram-positive cocci including methicillin-resistant staphyloco ... | 1997 | 9210661 |
| in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin against sensitive and resistant aerobic bacteria using the standard microdilution broth method and etest. | a comparison of mics of trovafloxacin (cp-99,219) determined by the standard microdilution broth method versus the etest was performed for multiple strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. a comparison was also made of the in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin versus ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. the mic50 and mic90 were determined by both methods for each species tested. the etest resulted in mics one to two dilutions higher than the microdilution broth method. trovafloxacin was the mos ... | 1997 | 9222068 |
| the in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, against gram-positive bacteria. | the in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin, a new quinolone, was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, various beta-lactam antibiotics and, where appropriate, clindamycin and vancomycin against a range of gram-positive bacteria including staphylococci (n = 201), streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 83), beta-haemolytic streptococci (n = 46), viridans group streptococci (n = 100), streptococcus milleri (n = 18) and enterococci (n = 161) by an agar dilution technique. in addition, time-kill stud ... | 1997 | 9222071 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococci in vegetarians. | | 1997 | 9228991 |
| rapid characterization schemes for surveillance isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | surveillance cultures for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) and subsequent characterization of the isolates can be extremely burdensome and difficult. therefore, efficient and reliable schemes for the characterization of surveillance isolates are needed. in this study, a commercial agar (bile esculin azide agar with 6 microg of vancomycin per ml [beaa]; remel, lenexa, kans.) was used in the initial screening step to establish relatively rapid (i.e., in < or = 24 h from the time of isolation ... | 1997 | 9230375 |
| is it time to stop searching for mrsa? constant vigilance is needed to halt the emergence of resistance to vancomycin. | | 1997 | 9233345 |
| avoparcin used as a growth promoter is associated with the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium on danish poultry and pig farms. | we determined the association between the use of the glycopeptide antibiotic avoparcin as a growth promoter and the occurrence of enterococcus faecium (vref) with high-level resistance to vancomycin (mic > or = 64 micrograms ml-1) on poultry and pig farms. the investigations were conducted as retrospective cohort studies, where groups of farms exposed or not exposed to avoparcin between september 1994 and april 1995 were compared. in poultry, the association between the use of avoparcin and the ... | 1997 | 9234429 |
| lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (atcc 53103) and platelet aggregation in vitro. | lactobacillus rhamnosus gg is an experimentally and clinically well documented probiotic used in different dairy products. the present study aimed to investigate the safety aspects of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg, particularly with respect to platelet aggregation, the initiating event in thrombosis. platelet rich plasma was separated from the blood of healthy volunteers, and the effects of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (atcc 53103), lactobacillus rhamnosus (atcc 7469) and enterococcus faecium t2l6 in ... | 1997 | 9237125 |
| distribution and characterization of enterococcus species in municipal sewages. | the occurrence, distribution and characterization of enterococci in municipal sewages from two geographically different regional sewage treatment plants in east slovakia was studied. the total counts of enterococci in samples varied from 10(4) to 10(6) cfu/ml. the vast majority of the strains identified were enterococcus faecium (50%), with e. gallinarum (25.5%) and e. casseliflavus (10.1%). the species which accounted for 14.4% of the cultures were not specified. lactic acid production from twe ... | 1997 | 9237382 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of ru-59863, a c-7 catechol substituted cephalosporin. | the in vitro activity of ru-59863, a so-called "fifth generation" catechol cephalosporin, was evaluated against 606 bacterial isolates and compared with the activities of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, and cefpirome. ru-59863 demonstrated a broad spectrum of inhibition and superior overall activity than comparators when tested against enterobacteriaciae (mic90s, 0.015 to 2 micrograms/ml), pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic90, 0.5 microgram/ml), stenotrophomonas maltophilia (mic90, 0.25 microgram/ml ... | 1997 | 9239501 |
| therapy with rp 59500 (quinupristin/dalfopristin) for prosthetic valve endocarditis due to enterococci with vana/vanb resistance patterns. | | 1997 | 9243059 |
| presence of udp-n-acetylmuramyl-hexapeptides and -heptapeptides in enterococci and staphylococci after treatment with ramoplanin, tunicamycin, or vancomycin. | analyses of the peptidoglycan nucleotide precursor contents of enterococci and staphylococci treated with ramoplanin, tunicamycin, or vancomycin were carried out by high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (ms). in all cases, a sharp increase in the udp-n-actetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide or -pentadepsipeptide pool was observed. concomitantly, new peptidoglycan nucleotide peptides of higher molecular masses with hexa- or heptapeptide moieties were identified: udp-murnac-pent ... | 1997 | 9244253 |
| enterocin b, a new bacteriocin from enterococcus faecium t136 which can act synergistically with enterocin a. | the strain enterococcus faecium t136 produces two bacteriocins, enterocin a, a member of the pediocin family of bacteriocins, and a new bacteriocin termed enterocin b. the n-terminal amino acid sequences of enterocins a and b were determined, and the gene encoding enterocin b was sequenced. the primary translation product was a 71 aa peptide containing a leader peptide of the double-glycine type which is cleaved off to give mature enterocin b of 53 aa. enterocin b does not belong to the pediocin ... | 1997 | 9245817 |
| vancomycin-resistant bacillus circulans carrying the vana gene responsible for vancomycin resistance in enterococci. | | 1997 | 9248754 |
| successful use of tetracycline as therapy of an immunocompromised patient with septicaemia caused by a vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. | | 1997 | 9249223 |
| intrahospital spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium in sweden. | during a 17-week period vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre) was found in clinical specimens from 4 in-patients. all bacterial isolates were phenotypically vana, showing high-level resistance to vancomycin (mic 256 micrograms/ml) and teicoplanin (mic 24-256 micrograms/ml). the corresponding gene (vana) was detected with pcr in strains from 3 of the patients. three patients had been hospitalized at the renal unit at orebro medical centre hospital (omch). the fourth patient, diagnosed i ... | 1997 | 9255886 |
| protegrin-1: a broad-spectrum, rapidly microbicidal peptide with in vivo activity. | protegrin-1 (pg-1) is a cysteine-rich, 18-residue beta-sheet peptide isolated from porcine leukocytes with antimicrobial activity against a broad range of microorganisms. the mics of pg-1 against representative gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria ranged from 0.12 to 2 microg/ml. at these levels, pg-1 was rapidly bactericidal in vitro, reducing the number of viable cfu of either methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) or pseudomonas aeruginosa by more than three log units in less ... | 1997 | 9257752 |
| identification and characterization of is1476, an insertion sequence-like element that disrupts vany function in a vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium strain. | the vany gene of vancomycin-resistant enterococci encodes a d,d-carboxypeptidase. by using a pcr detection strategy, a vana enterococcus faecium clinical isolate was found to have an insertion sequence (is)-like element designated is1476 in vany. the activity of the vany d,d-carboxypeptidase in this isolate was decreased in a fluorometric fluoraldehyde o-phthalaldehyde assay with diacetyl-l-lys-d-ala-d-ala as the substrate. this, to our knowledge, is the first report of an is-like element in a v ... | 1997 | 9257766 |
| synergy and mechanism of interaction between pefloxacin and penicillin g against enterococci. | in vitro synergy between penicillin and pefloxacin against enterococcus hirae and enterococcus faecium strains with different penicillin susceptibility was studied. the combination was synergistic against penicillin-resistant strains. e. hirae r40 and e. faecium 28r, but not against the penicillin-susceptible ones (e. hirae atcc 9790 and e. faecium 28s). analysis of pbps of cells, grown in the presence of pefloxacin, showed that pbp5 of penicillin-resistant strains, the pbp responsible for the r ... | 1997 | 9258941 |
| [glycopeptide resistant enterococci. occurrence, distribution, resistance transmission, significance]. | | 1997 | 9265387 |
| [vancomycin resistant enterococci in austria]. | this study reports pheno- and genotypical analysis of 9 isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) and 5 vancomycin-sensitive enterococci (vse) in austria: 5 e, faecium isolates of 4 patients (the sole patients demonstrating vre at the university hospital of innsbruck in 1994 and 1995), 3 glycopeptide-sensitive isolates collected in innsbruck in february 1996 for epidemiological analysis, and 6 enterococcus isolates from the university hospitals of vienna and graz. the pheno- and genotyp ... | 1997 | 9265389 |
| a microbiology investigation on probiotic pharmaceutical products used for human health. | many and different probiotic pharmaceutical products are presently commercialised in the world. on this regard, a microbiological investigation was carried out to screen the microorganisms incorporated into these products, commonly used for human health. after determination of the cell number and viability of bacteria, several experiments were performed in vitro in order to characterise the microorganisms and to evaluate their probiotic value. among all the strains identified, best results were ... | 1997 | 9265768 |
| detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in fecal samples by pcr. | surveillance cultures for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) are time-consuming and expensive for the laboratory to perform. therefore, we investigated the use of pcr as an alternative method of detecting and identifying vre directly in fecal samples. pcr primers directed to vana, vanb, vanc1, vanc2, and enterococcal ligase genes were used to detect and identify vre in fecal material obtained by rectal or perirectal swabbing. although pcr-inhibitory substances were present in dna prepared di ... | 1997 | 9276411 |
| [transient hyperphosphatasemia observed in a boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. | a detailed time course of alkaline phosphatase (alp; ec3.1.3.1) activity of transient hyperphosphatasemia (th) in a 9-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) is described. the patient's serum alp activity rose transiently to 49 times the upper limit of normal adult, without any evidences of hepatic and bone disease. the half-life of alp activity was calculated about 10 days. we characterized alp isoenzymes by usual electrophoresis using cellulose acetate membrane (titan iii iso-vis) ... | 1997 | 9283233 |
| transcriptional regulation of the enterococcus faecium bm4147 vancomycin resistance gene cluster by the vans-vanr two-component regulatory system in escherichia coli k-12. | an escherichia coli k-12 model system was developed for studying the vans-vanr two-component regulatory system required for high-level inducible vancomycin resistance in enterococcus faecium bm4147. our model system is based on the use of reporter strains with lacz transcriptional and translational fusions to the pvanr or pvanh promoter of the vanrshax gene cluster. these strains also express vanr and vans behind the native pvanr promoter, the arabinose-inducible parab promoter, or the rhamnose- ... | 1997 | 9294451 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity and mic quality control guidelines of rpr 106972 (rpr 112808/rpr106950): a novel orally administered streptogramin combination. the quality control study group. | rpr 106972 is a novel oral streptogramin combination with reported therapeutic potency against gram-positive and certain respiratory tract pathogens. mics for rpr 106972, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and seven comparison drugs were determined by the reference methods against 337 strains selected to define spectrum and potency. rpr 106972 demonstrated antimicrobial activity against oxacillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus (mic ranges of 0.12 to 2 micrograms/ml and 0.5 to 2 microgr ... | 1997 | 9294704 |
| comparative in-vitro activities of quinupristin-dalfopristin against gram-positive bloodstream isolates. | the in-vitro activity of quinupristin-dalfopristin was compared with those of vancomycin, teicoplanin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, rifampicin, imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin against 414 bloodstream isolates of gram-positive cocci. quinupristin-dalfopristin inhibited strains of streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus agalactiae at 0.12 mg/l, methicillin- and/or erythromycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis at 0.5 mg/l, staphylococcus haemolyti ... | 1997 | 9301986 |
| in-vitro activities of five plant essential oils against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. | | 1997 | 9302003 |
| successful single-dose teicoplanin prophylaxis against experimental streptococcal, enterococcal, and staphylococcal aortic valve endocarditis. | teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is administered both intramuscularly and intravenously. it has a prolonged half-life and a less toxic profile in comparison to those of vancomycin. the efficacy of a single dose of teicoplanin (18 mg/kg of body weight given intramuscularly) for the prevention of endocarditis due to streptococcus oralis, enterococcus faecium, and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) was evaluated after applying the rabbit model. vancomycin at a single do ... | 1997 | 9303384 |
| vand-type glycopeptide-resistant enterococcus faecium bm4339. | enterococcus faecium bm4339 was constitutively resistant to vancomycin (mic, 64 microg/ml) and to low levels of teicoplanin (mic, 4 microg/ml). a 605-bp product obtained with the v1 and v2 primers for amplification of genes encoding d-ala:d-ala ligases and related glycopeptide resistance proteins was sequenced after cloning. the deduced amino acid sequence had 69% identity with vana and vanb and 43% identity with vanc, consistent with the finding that bm4339 synthesized peptidoglycan precursors ... | 1997 | 9303405 |
| effect of vancomycin on intestinal flora of patients who previously received antimicrobial therapy. | to evaluate the ecological disturbances of peroral vancomycin administration following cephalosporin administration, 20 healthy volunteers received cefuroxime axetil tablets (250 mg) perorally twice a day for 1 week, and 10 of these volunteers subsequently received vancomycin capsules (125 mg) perorally four times daily for 7 days. the concentration of vancomycin in feces after 1 week of vancomycin administration was high (mean +/- sd, 520 +/- 197 mg/kg), which correlated with the ecological dis ... | 1997 | 9314469 |
| are clinical laboratories in california accurately reporting vancomycin-resistant enterococci? | in order to determine whether hospital-based clinical laboratories conducting active surveillance for vancomycin-resistant enterococci in three san francisco bay area counties (san francisco, alameda, and contra costa counties) were accurately reporting vancomycin resistance, five vancomycin-resistant enterococcal strains and one vancomycin-susceptible beta-lactamase-producing enterococcus were sent to 31 of 32 (97%) laboratories conducting surveillance. each strain was tested by the laboratory' ... | 1997 | 9316901 |
| [fermentation process during the ensiling of green forage low in nitrate. 2. fermentation process after supplementation of nitrate, nitrite, lactic acid bacteria and formic acid]. | the effect of adding nitrate and nitrite (0.05% and 0.01% n in dm) of two inoculants or formic acid on the ensiling of orchardgrass and a grass-legumes-mixture, both low in nitrate, was proved in two experiments during ensiling starting in an early stage of fermentation silages without additives contained butyric acid, with increasing amounts up to 180 day of storage period. silages with added nitrate or nitrite (0.1% n in dm) contained no butyric acid despite of a delay in the formation of lact ... | 1997 | 9324922 |
| characterization of enterococci isolated from nosocomial and community infections in brazil. | | 1997 | 9331653 |
| biotype distribution of enterococci and group d streptococci recovered from clinical material. | | 1997 | 9331654 |
| isolation of vancomycin-resistant enterococci from supermarket poultry. | | 1997 | 9331655 |
| epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium infections in a liver transplant unit. | | 1997 | 9331656 |
| pcr typing of enterococcus faecium. an evaluation. | | 1997 | 9331677 |
| comparison of pcr with phenotypic methods for the speciation of enterococci. | | 1997 | 9331681 |
| identification of enterococcal strains using an inductive learning algorithm. | | 1997 | 9331684 |
| the in-vitro activity of ly333328, a new glycopeptide, against clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | | 1997 | 9331699 |
| study of enterococcus faecium bm6226. a strain resistant to most antibiotics used in enterococcal antibiotherapy. | | 1997 | 9331700 |
| resistance to lincosamides by nucleotidylation associated with conjugative transfer of a large chromosomal element in enterococcus faecium. | | 1997 | 9331701 |
| binding of enterococci to extracellular matrix proteins. | | 1997 | 9331753 |
| genetic analysis of enterococcus faecalis chromosome carrying mobile elements. | | 1997 | 9331825 |
| in vitro evaluation of bo-3482, a novel dithiocarbamate carbapenem with activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. | bo-3482, a dithiocarbamate carbapenem, inhibited clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (mrs) at 6.25 microg/ml (mic at which 90% of isolates tested are inhibited [mic90]), while the mic90 of imipenem was > 100 microg/ml. bo-3482 was generally less active than imipenem against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, enterococci, and gram-negative bacteria, although bo-3482 showed better activity (mic90) than imipenem against enterococcus faecium, haemophilu ... | 1997 | 9333063 |
| activity of a new glycopeptide antibiotic (ly333328) against enterococci and other resistant gram-positive organisms. | a new semi-synthetic glycopeptide, ly333328, was tested for in-vitro activity against 197 strains of enterococci including strains resistant to other glycopeptides. activity was also assessed against species with intrinsic resistance to glycopeptides. for strains of enterococci tested the ly333328 mic90s were < or = 0.5 mg/l. enterococcus faecalis was less susceptible to ly333328 than other enterococci with a maximum mic of 2.0 mg/l. glycopeptide-resistant strains of enterococci were not more re ... | 1997 | 9338497 |
| [antibiotic resistance of enterococci in germany]. | the resistance of enterococci against various antimicrobial substances including vancomycin has increased markedly. since 1989 in the usa in particular high resistance rates against vancomycin have been observed but very few surveillance have been published in europe. therefore, we conducted a multicenter study in germany to obtain information about the incidence and distribution of vancomycin and/or high-level aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci. | 1997 | 9340469 |
| epidemiology and control of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in an adult and children's hospital. | the incidence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) has reached endemic proportions in many medical centers. to initiate an effective infection control program, an understanding of the epidemiologic attributes of the genus in medical facilities is imperative. | 1997 | 9343618 |
| microbiologic evaluation of needleless and needle-access devices. | this study was carried out to determine whether needleless intravenous access devices are more likely to allow microorganisms to enter the fluid pathway than intravenous needle-access devices. | 1997 | 9343619 |