| production of bacteriocin inhibitory to listeria species by enterococcus hirae. | a bovine intestinal bacterial isolate, identified as enterococcus hirae, was found to produce a bacteriocin (designated hiraecin s) inhibitory to listeria monocytogenes and other listeria spp. identification to species level was determined by comprehensive biochemical and morphological tests which were verified by dna-dna homology assays. the antimicrobial agent was inactivated by pronase and papain and was insensitive to catalase. the antimicrobial activity was not due to hydrogen peroxide or a ... | 1992 | 1482176 |
| [a comparative microbiological and pharmacokinetic activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin]. | vancomycin and teicoplanin are two commercially available glycopeptide antibiotics. they have identical spectra of activity and similar mechanisms of action, and both are complex molecules. in vitro, vancomycin is more active against coagulase-negative staphylococci, while teicoplanin is more active against enterococci and pneumococci. the activity of the two antibiotics against staphylococcus aureus is similar. the serum pharmacokinetics of vancomycin and teicoplanin are highly different, teico ... | 1992 | 1484744 |
| culture media for enterococci and group d-streptococci. | lancefield group d-streptococci are contaminants of various food commodities, especially those of animal origin. they encompass the new genus enterococcus comprising 13 known species and some species of streptococci which have their habitat in the intestine of animals, e.g. streptococcus bovis, suis and equinus. the serologically based grouping may no longer constitute the best definition for streptococci from the food chain. food hygiene monitoring systems using enterococci as indicators need r ... | 1992 | 1486020 |
| [surgical repair of discrete subaortic stenosis complicated with prosthetic valve endocarditis--a case report]. | a 46-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of prosthetic valve regurgitation. eight years previously he had undergone aortic valve replacement because of aortic regurgitation due to infective endocarditis. at reoperation, we found prosthetic valve endocarditis and discrete subaortic stenosis. the obstructing fibrous tissue was resected and the aortic valve was replaced. because discrete subaortic stenosis is usually located just below the aortic valve, the aortic valve cusps are liab ... | 1992 | 1487645 |
| vancomycin kinetics in plasma and synovial fluid following intravenous administration in horses. | vancomycin hydrochloride was infused intravenously (i.v.) over a 30-min period in five horses at doses of 6.6, 11.0 and 15.4 mg/kg. vancomycin concentration in plasma and synovial fluid samples was measured using a polarization immunoassay. a pharmacokinetic model was developed to accommodate the special features of the present study. the data were described by a two compartment open model with synovial fluid as an additional compartment in exchange with plasma. minimum inhibitory concentration ... | 1992 | 1487834 |
| enterococcal endophthalmitis following cataract extraction, treated with ampicillin intravitreally. | a case of enterococcal endophthalmitis developed following an extracapsular cataract extraction. the infection was successfully treated with intravenous and intravitreal ampicillin, but a secondary glaucoma led to a later enucleation. we report a case of postoperative endophthalmitis with an unusual etiology, which did not respond to common treatment. | 1992 | 1488899 |
| beta-lactamase-producing enterococci. | | 1992 | 1489177 |
| influence of high-level gentamicin resistance and beta-hemolysis on susceptibility of enterococci to the bactericidal activities of ampicillin and vancomycin. | the bactericidal activities of ampicillin and vancomycin against 40 recent isolates of enterococcus faecalis were examined by kill-kinetic studies at concentrations of 4 x the mic and 20 micrograms/ml. greater killing was seen with ampicillin (3.57 +/- 0.87 and 2.50 +/- 1.09 log10 cfu/ml, respectively; mean +/- standard deviation) than with vancomycin (1.23 +/- 0.65 and 1.05 +/- 0.57 log10 cfu/ml, respectively). highly gentamicin-resistant strains showed a tendency toward reduced susceptibility ... | 1992 | 1489198 |
| increasing resistance of enterococci to ciprofloxacin. | we determined that resistance to ciprofloxacin has emerged in enterococci over the last 5 years in our hospital, mainly in strains demonstrating the phenotype of high-level gentamicin resistance. all high-level-gentamicin-resistant isolates from 1985 and 1986 were susceptible, whereas 24% of isolates from 1989 and 1990 were resistant to ciprofloxacin. plasmid and genomic dna typing showed at least six unique strains exhibiting resistance, but one type accounted for 80% of recent resistant isolat ... | 1992 | 1489199 |
| [enterococci: acquired antibiotic resistance]. | | 1992 | 1489779 |
| [post-traumatic osteomyelitis caused by fusarium solani]. | | 1992 | 1489787 |
| antibacterial spectrum of lactoferricin b, a potent bactericidal peptide derived from the n-terminal region of bovine lactoferrin. | a physiologically diverse range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was found to be susceptible to inhibition and inactivation by lactoferricin b, a peptide produced by gastric pepsin digestion of bovine lactoferrin. the list of susceptible organisms includes escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus vulgaris, yersinia enterocolitica, pseudomonas aeruginosa, campylobacter jejuni, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus mutans, corynebacterium diphtheriae, list ... | 1992 | 1490908 |
| [abscess on the thigh, an unusual complication of lumbar spondylodiscitis]. | | 1992 | 1492084 |
| high-level aminoglycoside resistance among enterococci and group a streptococci. | the occurrence of high-level aminoglycoside resistance (hlamr) was determined for 73 enterococci and 54 group a streptococci by the high-load disc method, tube macrodilution and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the pcr method revealed the presence of genes coding for aminoglycoside-3'-o-phosphoryltransferase-iii (aph(3')-iii), aminoglycoside-6'-n-acetyltransferase/2''-o-phosphoryltransferase (aac(6')/aph(2'')), or both, in 20.6%, 9.6% and 4.1% of the enterococci, respectively. the prevalence ... | 1992 | 1493982 |
| co-trimoxazole impairs colonization resistance in healthy volunteers. | the influence of co-trimoxazole on colonization resistance of the bowel was investigated in six healthy volunteers, by measuring the numbers of indigenous aerobic flora and of a co-trimoxazole resistant challenge strain of klebsiella pneumoniae. impairment of colonization resistance of the bowel was shown by a significant increase in the numbers of yeasts in the faeces of five of six volunteers, by a significant increase in the numbers of gram-negative bacilli in the faeces of two of six volunte ... | 1992 | 1493984 |
| [the influence of cefdinir on the intestinal bacterial flora]. | the influence of cefdinir (cfdn), a new oral cephalosporin, on the intestinal bacterial flora was studied in tetra-contaminated mice and in pediatric patients. cfdn in fine granules was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg once a day for 5 consecutive days to mice contaminated with 4 different species of organism: escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, bacteroides fragilis and bifidobacterium breve. no remarkable changes were observed in the fecal viable cell counts except that decreases in e. c ... | 1992 | 1495195 |
| enterococcus hirae in septicaemia of psittacine birds. | | 1992 | 1496756 |
| [the effect of different bacterial preparations in combination with total gnotobiological isolation on the survival of animals with experimental acute radiation sickness]. | | 1992 | 1496888 |
| [epidemiology and pathogenesis of streptococcal infection]. | the appearance of the "streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome" led to a growing interest in infections caused by streptococcus pyogenes (group-a-streptococci). since 1987 some 800 cases with a lethality of 20% or more were observed. contrary to toxic scarlet fever the site of primary infection are the lower respiratory tract or soft tissue infections. erythrogenic toxins and low molecular weight mitogens, inducing cytokines (il-2, il-3, il-6, tnf-alpha, ifn-gamma) seem to be involved in the pat ... | 1992 | 1500078 |
| contributions of complement and immunoglobulin to neutrophil-mediated killing of enterococci. | enterococci have become a frequent causative agent in neonatal sepsis. the relative contributions of antibody and complement and their interactions in the neutrophil-mediated bacterial killing of 11 enterococcus strains from neonates were investigated. polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnl) from adult and term newborn infants were tested with normal human serum, adult hypogammaglobulinemic serum, and normal newborn serum in a neutrophil bactericidal assay. neutrophil bactericidal activity for enter ... | 1992 | 1500172 |
| macrophage response to bacteria: induction of marked secretory and cellular activities by lipoteichoic acids. | lipoteichoic acids (ltas) from various bacterial species, including staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, enterococcus faecalis, and listeria monocytogenes, were examined for the ability to induce secretory and cellular responses in a pure population of bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes. some of the highly purified ltas, in particular ltas from bacillus subtilis, s. pyogenes, e. faecalis, and enterococcus hirae, were able to affect each of the macropha ... | 1992 | 1500175 |
| epidemiology of enterococcus faecalis urinary tract infection in a teaching hospital in london, united kingdom. | enterococcus faecalis is a frequent cause of urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients. recent reports have suggested that the organism may frequently be acquired by cross-infection from other patients. in this study, we used total dna restriction patterns to type 135 urine isolates of e. faecalis from four sets of patients. isolates were placed into types (all bands identical) and into groups (most bands identical). most isolates were discriminated by the typing method, and the results s ... | 1992 | 1500498 |
| evaluation of the e test by using selected gram-positive bacteria. | the e test (ab biodisk na inc.) was compared with standard reference methods using the national committee for clinical laboratory standards's recommendations for determining the mics of four selected antibiotics against 208 clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria. these bacteria included 32 strains of streptococcus pneumoniae, 25 strains of enterococcus faecium, 20 strains of oxacillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (ossa), 96 strains of oxacillin-resistant s. aureus (orsa), and 35 strains ... | 1992 | 1500524 |
| overproduction of a penicillin-binding protein is not the only mechanism of penicillin resistance in enterococcus faecium. | in 1989 and 1990, a large number of ampicillin-resistant strains of enterococcus faecium were isolated from infected patients treated at intensive care units in berlin, germany. twenty-five clinical isolates, including five different biotypes as classified by acid production from various sugars and a wide range of susceptibilities to ampicillin (mics between 0.5 and 128 micrograms/ml), were selected for a detailed analysis of penicillin-binding proteins (pbps). all strains contained a slowly rea ... | 1992 | 1503440 |
| evidence for in vivo incorporation of d-lactate into peptidoglycan precursors of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | the vana ligase encoded by the vancomycin resistance plasmid pip816 of enterococcus faecium bm4147 condenses d-alanine with various d-2-hydroxy and d-2-amino acids in vitro. d-lactate added to the culture medium restored the vancomycin resistance of a strain that does not produce the vanh dehydrogenase and therefore appears to be a substrate of vana in vivo. | 1992 | 1503450 |
| in vitro activity of ro 23-9424, a dual-action antibacterial agent, against bacterial isolates from cancer patients compared with those of other agents. | the in vitro activity of ro 23-9424 against bacterial isolates from patients with cancer was compared with those of fleroxacin, ciprofloxacin, cefoperazone, and ceftazidime. ro 23-9424 inhibited the majority of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae and all aeromonas isolates at a concentration of less than or equal to 1.0 micrograms/ml. it was also active against acinetobacter spp. and haemophilus influenzae, including beta-lactamase-producing strains. the mic for 90% of isolates (mic90) ... | 1992 | 1503453 |
| effects of amino acids on expression of enterococcal vancomycin resistance. | the effects of various amino acids on vancomycin mics obtained with resistant enterococci was investigated by using broth dilution testing. for both the type a (i.e., possessing transferable resistance to teicoplanin and vancomycin) and the type b (i.e., possessing teicoplanin susceptibility and nontransferable vancomycin resistance) resistant strains, vancomycin mics in the presence of glycine were substantially lower than those in unsupplemented broth (range of mic decrease, 8- to 128-fold). n ... | 1992 | 1503457 |
| enterococcus flavescens sp. nov., a new species of enterococci of clinical origin. | four yellow-pigmented group d enterococci of uncertain taxonomic position were isolated from several humans with severe infections. the results of dna composition, dna-dna hybridization, fatty acid content, and biochemical property studies demonstrated that these organisms were slightly related to other previously described yellow-pigmented enterococcal species and constitute a new species, for which we propose the name enterococcus flavescens. the type strain of e. flavescens is strain ccm 4239 ... | 1992 | 1503970 |
| co-transfer of vancomycin and other resistance genes from enterococcus faecalis nctc 12201 to staphylococcus aureus. | conjugative transfer, in the apparent absence of plasmid dna, of high-level vancomycin resistance from enterococcus faecalis nctc 12201 to staphylococcus aureus b111 has been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. selection of transconjugants on media containing erythromycin or chloramphenicol may result in the transfer of resistance to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, streptomycin and vancomycin though these are capable of separate transfer. vancomycin resistance has not been transmitted ... | 1992 | 1505742 |
| in-vitro activities of 14-, 15- and 16-membered macrolides against gram-positive cocci. | the in-vitro activities of the 14-membered macrolides erythromycin, dirithromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, the 15-membered compound azithromycin and the 16-membered macrolides (16 mm) josamycin, spiramycin and midecamycin acetate (mom) have been compared against staphylococci, enterococci and streptococci. results have been analysed separately according to the sensitivity status of the tested strains to erythromycin, namely sensitive (s), inducibly resistant (ir) or constitutively resista ... | 1992 | 1506329 |
| plasmid carriage and related antibiotic resistance in enterococci. | | 1992 | 1506353 |
| high-level aminoglycoside resistance among enterococci isolated from blood cultures. | | 1992 | 1506354 |
| the crisis in antibiotic resistance. | the synthesis of large numbers of antibiotics over the past three decades has caused complacency about the threat of bacterial resistance. bacteria have become resistant to antimicrobial agents as a result of chromosomal changes or the exchange of the exchange of genetic material via plasmids and transposons. streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and staphylococci, organisms that cause respiratory and cutaneous infections, and members of the enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas familie ... | 1992 | 1509257 |
| emergence and nosocomial transmission of ampicillin-resistant enterococci. | between 1986 and 1988, the incidence of ampicillin-resistant enterococci increased sevenfold at a university-affiliated hospital. forty-three patients acquired nosocomial infections with ampicillin-resistant enterococci, most of which were also resistant to mezlocillin, piperacillin, and imipenem. an analysis of plasmid and chromosomal dnas of isolates revealed that the increase was due to an epidemic of 19 nosocomial infections that yielded closely related strains of enterococcus faecium and to ... | 1992 | 1510390 |
| isolation of a beta-lactamase-producing, aminoglycoside-resistant strain of enterococcus faecium. | beta-lactamase-producing, aminoglycoside-resistant strains of enterococcus faecalis have been isolated from different geographic areas and are endemic at our institution. we report the isolation of a beta-lactamase-producing, aminoglycoside-resistant strain of e. faecium. the beta-lactamase was plasmid mediated and transferable with high frequency into a plasmid-free e. faecalis recipient strain. mics suggested that the e. faecium strain also contained intrinsic (chromosomal) resistance to penic ... | 1992 | 1510404 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of sce-2787, a new parenteral cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum. | sce-2787, a new cephalosporin having a condensed azolium moiety in the 3 position and an aminothiadiazolyl group in the 7 beta side chain, was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo activities in comparison with those of ceftazidime, flomoxef, cefpirome, and e1040. against methicillin-susceptible strains of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis, sce-2787 was more active than ceftazidime and e1040 and was as active as flomoxef and cefpirome, with mics for 90% of strains tested (mic ... | 1992 | 1510428 |
| vancomycin resistance in enterococcus gallinarum. | the vancomycin resistance expressed by several strains of enterococcus gallinarum was studied. resistance was expressed constitutively, as demonstrated by analysis of growth and inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis. e. gallinarum strains were moderately resistant to vancomycin (mic, 16 micrograms/ml) but were as susceptible as vancomycin-susceptible enterococci to the glycopeptides, teicoplanin, a35512b, a47934, a4103a, and a41030e and the glycopeptide actaplanins a1, b2, and c1. vancomycin res ... | 1992 | 1510433 |
| analysis of peptidoglycan precursors in vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography of the cytoplasmic peptidoglycan precursors of a high- and a low-level vancomycin-resistant enterococcus spp. was performed before and after induction of resistance. this analysis showed a decrease of the d-ala-d-ala and udp-murnac-pentapeptide pools, an increase of the udp-murnac-tripeptide pool, and the appearance of new udp-murnac-containing material. these results lead us to suggest that the vancomycin-induced carboxypeptidase activity cleaves ... | 1992 | 1510445 |
| characterization of vany, a dd-carboxypeptidase from vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium bm4147. | vany is a protein with a molecular mass of 34.8 kda encoded by vany, a member of the high-level vancomycin resistance gene cluster found on plasmid pip816 in enterococcus faecium bm4147. extracts from escherichia coli jm83 bearing plasmid pat383, which contains the vany gene, were examined for enzymatic hydrolysis of peptidoglycan precursors. vany was associated with the cell membranes and cleaved the c-terminal d-alanine residue of udp-muramyl-pentapeptide but did not display transpeptidase or ... | 1992 | 1510448 |
| inconsistent bactericidal activity of triple-combination therapy with vancomycin, ampicillin, and gentamicin against vancomycin-resistant, highly ampicillin-resistant enterococcus faecium. | combination therapy with ampicillin, vancomycin, and gentamicin in vitro against several clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant, highly ampicillin-resistant enterococcus faecium, including vana and vanb strains, was evaluated. the mics of ampicillin were not significantly decreased by induction with vancomycin, and the combination of ampicillin and vancomycin was not inhibitory for any strain. triple-combination therapy was least active against highly resistant vana isolates, achieving a redu ... | 1992 | 1510455 |
| heterogeneity of lipoteichoic acid detected by anion exchange chromatography. | a complex polydispersity became apparent when the poly(glycerophosphate) lipoteichoic acid of enterococcus faecalis was chromatographed on deae-sephadex. the chain length varied between 13 and 33 glycerophosphate residues per lipid anchor. in parallel, the extent of chain glycosylation increased from 0.2 to 0.4 diglucosyl residues per glycerophosphate unit. substitution with d-alanine ester showed a reverse distribution dropping with increasing chain length from 0.53 to 0.23 mol d-alanine per mo ... | 1992 | 1510570 |
| intestinal bacterial flora, intestinal pathology, and lipopolysaccharide-induced translocation of intestinal bacteria. | the primary aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism and significance of lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced translocation of intestinal bacteria. female swiss webster mice were purchased from two different animal suppliers. twenty-four hours following parenteral lps, mice from both suppliers had noticeable morbidity and mortality. however, intestinal pathology, gram-negative bacterial overgrowth, and increased bacterial translocation was noted in mice purchased from one supplier but not the ... | 1992 | 1511502 |
| isolation and characterization of genetic expression and secretion signals from enterococcus faecalis through the use of broad-host-range alpha-amylase probe vectors. | we have constructed two broad-host-range gram+/gram- probe vectors designed for the cloning of bacterial genetic expression and secretion signals. these vectors make use of a silent reporter gene encoding the mature alpha-amylase from bacillus licheniformis whose reactivation can easily be monitored on iodine-stained starch plates. shotgun cloning of enterococcus faecalis dna fragments allowed recovery of several cassettes directing transcription, translation of the reporter gene and secretion o ... | 1992 | 1511881 |
| a strategy to construct vector-free amylolytic strains through nondisruptive homologous recombination: application to enterococcus faecalis. | in order to direct chromosomal integration of the alpha-amylase-encoding gene from bacillus licheniformis (amyl) under the control of expression and secretion signals from enterococcus faecalis, the chromosomal fragment (named ab) from the pgip3124 plasmid [hols et al., gene 118 (1992) 21-30] was chosen and split into two fragments (a and b). a translation fusion between the a fragment and 'amyl, deleted of its expression and secretion signals, was made and this fusion was flanked with the ab fr ... | 1992 | 1511882 |
| [a study on the disc sensitivity test for cefodizime]. | susceptibilities of 289 strains of 34 bacterial species to cefodizime (cdzm) were determined using the 2-fold agar dilution method in parallel with the measurement of inhibition zone diameters in the single-disc method under the experimental conditions established by kanazawa. the experiments demonstrated a significant correlation between mic by the dilution method and diameter of inhibition zone in each of the conventional, overnight assay (about 16 hours incubation), thus the applicability of ... | 1992 | 1512931 |
| a case of endogenous enterococcus faecalis endophthalmitis. | a case of successful treatment by vitrectomy and lensectomy of early-stage endogenous endophthalmitis caused by enterococcus faecalis was reported. the case was a 50-year-old man with poorly controlled diabetes. following t-tube drainage for a necrotic cholecystitis operation, he developed iridocyclitis in both eyes as well as fever. at the time of his first visit to our clinic, his right eye had already lost light perception. his left eye had visual acuity recognizing hand movement, marked uvei ... | 1992 | 1513069 |
| [antimicrobial and membranolytic activities of anti-burn drug fenozan]. | fenozan, an anti-burn preparation, was shown to have antimicrobial activity against freshly isolated clinical strains of staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus faecalis, as well as against collection strains of the other gram-positive bacteria. the antimicrobial action of the preparation was possibly due to impairment of permeability of the cytoplasmic membranes in the sensitive bacterial cells and their liberation of intracellular low molecular weight compounds to the environment. the membrano ... | 1992 | 1514860 |
| study on the influence of adsorbent substances against the antigen activity of inactivated orovaccines. | specific igagm, iga and igg levels were evaluated in two groups of rabbits orally treated with inactivated vaccine consisting of escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus faecalis and with the same vaccine supplemented with charcoal and kaolin, respectively. the determinations demonstrated that charcoal and kaolin do not have a significant, negative effect on immunoresponses at the intestinal and hematic level after both medium (two-week) and prolonged (four-wee ... | 1992 | 1517807 |
| influence of radiotherapy on intestinal microflora in cancer patients. | we investigated in 15 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix or endometrium, who were undergoing postoperative radiation therapy, the effects of different fractionated radiation exposures on counts of fecal bacteria, on the growth of clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens enterotoxin production. we observed a generally significant decrease in intestinal microflora after the first radiation exposure, whereas at the end of radiotherapy all bacteria increased and reached basal val ... | 1992 | 1517812 |
| transfer of a plasmid determining bacteriocin bc-48 production and immunity, and response to sexual pheromones in enterococcus faecalis s-48. | production of bacteriocin bc-48 by enterococcus faecalis s-48 is encoded by the conjugative plasmid pmb1, which is approximately 90 kb and also responds to sex pheromones of e. faecalis og1x. mutants harboring deleted forms of this plasmid (pmb1-del, 75 kb) have lost both the phenotype bc-48 (production and immunity) and the clumping response. the conjugal transfer of pmb1 to e. faecalis og1x results in the acquisition by this strain of both bacteriocin production and immunity and also the clump ... | 1992 | 1518913 |
| evaluation of the effect of 3 probiotics on experimental escherichia coli enterotoxaemia in weaned piglets. | in this report the efficacy of 3 different probiotics (bacillus cereus "toyoi", lactobacillus spp. and streptococcus faecium) was investigated. they were supplemented in the food of recently weaned piglets that were orally infected with e. coli o141 k85ab. supplementation could not prevent mortality and clinical symptoms nor reduce the faecal excretion of hemolytic e. coli. the possible explanations for the unsatisfying results are various. | 1992 | 1519408 |
| bactericidal activity of antibiotics alone and in combination against enterococcus faecalis in a pharmacodynamic model. | we evaluated the bactericidal kinetics of teicoplanin, mezlocillin, netilmicin, and ciprofloxacin alone and in dual combinations against strains of enterococcus faecalis susceptible or resistant to ampicillin in a pharmacodynamic model reproducing in bacterial culture in active human plasma or mueller-hinton broth the serum kinetics of these antibiotics in humans. killing was not different in cultures grown in plasma and those grown in broth. antibiotics used alone had no or low bactericidal act ... | 1992 | 1520797 |
| mechanisms of resistance to growth inhibition and killing by beta-lactam antibiotics in enterococci. | enterococci are characterized by an intrinsic resistance to growth inhibition by beta-lactam antibiotics. the low susceptibility of enterococci to beta-lactam antibiotics is associated with the synthesis of a particular penicillin-binding protein (pbp) that has a low affinity for beta-lactam agents. this protein appears to be capable of taking over the function of the other pbps when they are saturated with beta-lactam molecules or inactivated by mutations. a quantitative correlation can be esta ... | 1992 | 1520798 |
| antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates of enterococcus in italy. | alarming reports from various parts of the world of an increase in multiple-drug resistance among enterococci have prompted the italian association of clinical microbiologists to sponsor a nationwide study aimed at assessing the magnitude of this problem in italy. during the last 3 months of 1988, technicians from a total of 162 general and teaching hospitals, in 16 of the 20 italian regions and covering 89,061 beds, isolated 58,886 bacterial strains from inpatients and outpatients. enterococci ... | 1992 | 1520799 |
| resistance of enterococci to aminoglycosides and glycopeptides. | high-level resistance to aminoglycosides in enterococci often is mediated by aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and the corresponding genes generally are located on self-transferable plasmids. these enzymes are similar to those in staphylococci but differ from the modifying enzymes of gram-negative bacteria. three classes of enzymes are distinguished, depending upon the reaction catalyzed. all but amikacin and netilmicin confer high-level resistance to the antibiotics that are modified in vitro. ... | 1992 | 1520800 |
| lactic acid bacteria in the gut in normal and disordered states. | the human gut flora is a complex and finely balanced ecosystem which plays an important protective role in humans. although relatively stable, its composition may be altered in various disease states and by the administration of antimicrobial agents. preparations containing viable lactic acid bacteria of human origin appear to have value in restoring normal microbial function and alleviating symptoms in some patients with gastrointestinal infection and other conditions. | 1992 | 1521350 |
| pcr amplification of streptococcal dna using crude cell lysates. | gram-positive organisms such as streptococci and enterococci are often difficult to lyse. obtaining dna for procedures such as pcr amplification usually requires a large scale isolation for each strain under investigation. we describe a simple procedure for small volumes of whole cells, involving pretreatment with detergent and proteinase that allows for efficient release of dna for pcr amplification. this procedure is fast, reproducible, can be used with a large number of samples, and has been ... | 1992 | 1521762 |
| modified peptidoglycan precursors produced by glycopeptide-resistant enterococci. | cytoplasmic precursors of the peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway were purified from vancomycin-treated, glycopeptide-sensitive and -resistant strains of enterococcus faecium. resistance was due to production of a modified precursor, udp-murnac-l-ala-d-glu-l-lys-d-ala-d-lactate, where lactate was identified on the basis of mass of the precursor and on its ability to act as a substrate for d-lactate dehydrogenase after release from the precursor. the presence of the d-lactate residue instead of d- ... | 1992 | 1521770 |
| the cytoplasmic peptidoglycan precursor of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis terminates in lactate. | vancomycin resistance plasmids in enterococci carry the genes vanh and vana, which encode enzymes catalyzing, respectively, the reduction of 2-keto acids to 2-d-hydroxy acids and the addition of d-hydroxy acids to d-alanine. it has therefore been postulated that resistant cells produce peptidoglycan precursors that terminate in the depsipeptide d-alanine-2-d-hydroxy acid rather than the dipeptide d-alanine-d-alanine, thus preventing vancomycin binding (m. arthur, c. molinas, t. d. h. bugg, g. d. ... | 1992 | 1522072 |
| [a report on a clinical experience of which has successfully made several antibiotics-resistant bacteria (mrsa etc.) negative on a bedsore]. | at the treatment of a bedsore of which had been resistant to various sorts of antibiotics, the mixture of several drugs was used for the treatment of its bedsore. those drugs from which were used as the drugs-mixture, are 1% liquid of pioctanin (c24h28n3cl). 600 mg of ascorbic acid, 9 mg of pantothenic calcium and 20mg of hydrochloric amitriptyline, respectively. the drugs-mixture, as mentioned above, has been scattered over its bedsore before the usual traditional treatment. after that, the bed ... | 1992 | 1523942 |
| in vitro activity of cefodizime. | cefodizime is a bactericidal cephem with the typical broad spectrum activity of an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, including both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: its mic90 is 0.125 mg/l for streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and other streptococci; and 0.05 mg/l for haemophilus spp., neisseria meningitidis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and moraxella catarrhalis; while beta-lactamase positive strains of m. catarrhalis require 1 mg/l. less than 1 mg/l is needed for escherichia coli, ... | 1992 | 1526673 |
| computed tomography-guided percutaneous drainage of a head and neck infection. | | 1992 | 1527669 |
| [is hemolysis a sign of endocarditis in obstructive cardiomyopathy?]. | | 1992 | 1531526 |
| clarithromycin in vitro activity enhanced by its major metabolite, 14-hydroxyclarithromycin. | 14-hydroxyclarithromycin, an active metabolite of clarithromycin, was compared for antimicrobial activity alone and in combination with the parent compound. the 14-hydroxyclarithromycin potency was comparable to that of clarithromycin, but was more active against haemophilus influenzae (mic50, 1 microgram/ml). combination mics at pharmacokinetic ratios produced end points equal to the most active component of the combination. however, checkerboard mics and kill-curve studies suggested enhanced i ... | 1992 | 1533827 |
| inducible carboxypeptidase activity in vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | vancomycin was found to coinduce dd-carboxypeptidase activity, together with resistance, in eight low- or high-level glycopeptide-resistant strains of enterococci. the constitutively resistant mutant (mt10) of a low-level-resistant strain of enterococcus faecium (d366) spontaneously expressed a level of carboxypeptidase similar to that of the induced strain d366. pentapeptide, udp-murnac-pentapeptide, as well as d-alanyl-d-alanine were in vitro substrates for the carboxypeptidase which was not i ... | 1992 | 1534213 |
| lack of synergy between vancomycin and trospectomycin against enterococci isolated from blood cultures. | | 1992 | 1535071 |
| in vitro activity of teicoplanin and vancomycin against gram-positive bacteria from human clinical and veterinary sources. | the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of teicoplanin and vancomycin was determined by the agar dilution method for 186 gram-positive bacteria from human clinical and veterinary sources. teicoplanin mic values were less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml for 94% of staphylococci (group a, n = 52) and less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml for all streptococci, enterococci, aerococci and pediococci (group b, n = 75). seventy-eight percent of gram-positive rods, rhodococcus and leuconostoc spp. ( ... | 1992 | 1535201 |
| enterobacteriaceae and neonatal necrotising enterocolitis. | a comparative study of bowel colonisation and incidence of necrotising enterocolitis in neonates admitted to an intensive care unit is reported. neonates of less than 33 weeks gestational age requiring mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome were randomised during the first week of life to receive either vancomycin and aztreonam or vancomycin and gentamicin for episodes of suspected sepsis after the first week of life. a higher proportion of neonates who received vancomycin and ... | 1992 | 1536588 |
| enterococcus avium bacteremia in association with ulcerative colitis. | the enterococci are common human pathogens. enterococcus avium is a rare cause of infection in humans. a variety of immunological alterations in the intestinal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis may predispose them to unusual organisms. we report the first case of e. avium bacteremia in a patient with ulcerative colitis. | 1992 | 1539577 |
| enterococcal and streptococcal species isolated from faeces of calves, young cattle and dairy cows. | faeces from non-ruminating calves were found to contain several species of enterococci: enterococcus avium, ent. cecorum, ent. durans, ent. faecalis, ent. faecium and ent. hirae. enterococcus faecalis was the most frequent. few of these animals carried streptococci. streptococcus bovis largely predominated in ruminating calves, young cattle and dairy cows. other streptococci as well as enterococci were infrequent in dairy cows, but a variety of other streptococci and enterococci were found in th ... | 1992 | 1541597 |
| the influence of temperature on the behaviour of mixed bacterial contamination of the shell membrane of the hen's egg. | the inner membrane of the air cell of hens' eggs was inoculated with pseudomonas putida, staphylococcus xylosus, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli and salmonella enteritidis. the first mentioned eventually dominated the contamination of the albumen of eggs stored at 4, 15, and 20 degrees c. the last mentioned did so in eggs stored at 37 degrees c. the interval between inoculation of the membrane and gross contamination of the albumen was markedly influenced by site of contamination relativ ... | 1992 | 1547832 |
| detection by elisa of low numbers of shiga-like toxin-producing escherichia coli in mixed cultures after growth in the presence of mitomycin c. | techniques currently available to detect shiga-like toxin (slt)-producing escherichia coli lack sensitivity or require specialised equipment and facilities, and in some cases detect only strains belonging to serotype o157. we have used an elisa technique, capable of detecting both slti and sltii with crude p1 glycoprotein from hydatid cysts, in combination with enhancement of toxin production by culture with mitomycin c. supernates of tryptone soya broth cultures containing mitomycin c 200 ng/ml ... | 1992 | 1548693 |
| peritonitis into the 1990s: changing pathogens and changing strategies in the critically ill. | to study the effect of severe illness on the nature of peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscesses, the microbiology and clinical course of patients operated on over a 1-year period with culture-proven intra-abdominal infections whose preoperative acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (apache) ii scores were greater than or equal to 15 (predicted mortality at least 50%) were examined. twenty-nine patients were enrolled, and overall mortality was 52 per cent, with increasing mortality corr ... | 1992 | 1550310 |
| sequence of the vanc gene of enterococcus gallinarum bm4174 encoding a d-alanine:d-alanine ligase-related protein necessary for vancomycin resistance. | the amplification product obtained with dna from vancomycin-resistant (vmr) enterococcus gallinarum bm4174 and a pair of degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotides that correspond to conserved amino acid (aa) motifs in escherichia coli d-alanine (d-ala):d-ala ligases and in en. faecium vmr protein (vana) was used as a probe to clone the vanc gene of that strain. the vanc product, with a calculated mr of 37,504, exhibits 29 to 38% aa identity with vana and e. coli ligases. insertional inactivation of v ... | 1992 | 1551598 |
| staphylococcal phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system: molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the staphylococcus carnosus ptsi gene and expression and complementation studies of the gene product. | a digoxigenin-labeled dna probe that was complementary to the gene ptsh and the beginning of the gene ptsi was used to clone a 3.2-kb hincii-bamhi restriction fragment containing the complete ptsi gene of staphylococcus carnosus. the restriction fragment was cloned in the antisense orientation to the lac promoter in the low-copy-number vector psu18. the nucleotide sequences of the ptsi gene, which encodes enzyme i (ec 2.7.3.9), and the corresponding flanking regions were determined. the primary ... | 1992 | 1551842 |
| antibacterials. synthesis and structure-activity studies of 3-aryl-2-oxooxazolidines. 4. multiply-substituted aryl derivatives. | the synthesis and structure-activity relationship (sar) studies of the effect of different polysubstitution patterns in the aromatic ring of 5-(acetamidomethyl)oxazolidinone antibacterials (i) on antibacterial activity are presented. compounds i were prepared by the six-step synthesis described previously (gregory, w. a.; et al. j. med. chem. [formula: see text] 1989, 32, 1673), electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions of 3-substituted compounds, and functional-group interchange reactions o ... | 1992 | 1552508 |
| [antibiotic prevention of bacterial endocarditis]. | bacterial endocarditis is a serious condition with high lethality. the authors review the etiology of the disease and conditions and procedures associated with increased risk, and give recommendations on choice and dosage of effective antibiotics. most cases of endocarditis are caused by gram-positive cocci of the genera streptococcus, enterococcus or staphylococcus. the number of cases caused by staphylococci has increased in recent decades. risk of acquiring endocarditis is higher, for example ... | 1992 | 1553692 |
| the effect of isolated high-energy shock wave treatments on subsequent bacterial growth. | to determine whether high-energy shock waves possess bactericidal potential, atcc strains of escherichia coli, streptococcus faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus were suspended in solution at concentrations approximating 10(6) bacteria per milliliter, placed in polypropylene cryovials, and immersed in the water bath of a dornier hm3 lithotriptor. each cryovial was then fluoroscopically guided to the epicenter of the f2 focal point and 2000 shocks at 20 kv applied. suspensio ... | 1992 | 1553796 |
| d-alanine: d-alanine ligase of escherichia coli. expression, purification and inhibitory studies on the cloned enzyme. | a 1.2 kb bamhi fragment from pdk30 [robinson, kenan, sweeney & donachie (1986) j. bacteriol. 167, 809-817] was cloned in pdoc55 [o'connor & timmis (1987) j. bacteriol. 169, 4457-4482] to give two constructs, pdoc89 and pdoc87, in which the escherichia coli d-alanine:d-alanine ligase (ec 6.3.2.4) gene (ddl) was placed under the control of the lac and lambda pl promoters respectively. both constructs, when used to transform e. coli m72, gave similar levels of expression of the ddl gene. the expres ... | 1992 | 1554356 |
| the vans-vanr two-component regulatory system controls synthesis of depsipeptide peptidoglycan precursors in enterococcus faecium bm4147. | plasmid pip816 of enterococcus faecium bm4147 confers inducible resistance to vancomycin and encodes the vanh dehydrogenase and the vana ligase for synthesis of depsipeptide-containing peptidoglycan precursors which bind the antibiotic with reduced affinity. we have characterized a cluster of five genes of pip816 sufficient for peptidoglycan synthesis in the presence of vancomycin. the distal part of the van cluster encodes vanh, vana, and a third enzyme, vanx, all of which are necessary for res ... | 1992 | 1556077 |
| degenerate oligonucleotide primers for enzymatic amplification of reca sequences from gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasmas. | reca protein in gram-negative bacteria, especially in escherichia coli, has been extensively studied, but little is known about this key enzyme in other procaryotes. described here are degenerate oligonucleotide primers that have been used to amplify by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) reca sequences from several gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasmas. the dna sequences of reca pcr products from streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus mutans, enterococcus faecalis, and mycoplasma pulmonis were ... | 1992 | 1556091 |
| quantitative separation of bacteria in saline solution using lanthanide er(iii) and a magnetic field. | a trivalent lanthanide ion, erbium (er3+), has been used in combination with a magnetic separation technique to isolate seven bacterial species from suspensions in 0.9% saline. erbium has an exceptionally high atomic magnetic moment of 9.3 bohr magnetons, and following addition as ercl3 (final concentration 5 mm) to bacterial suspensions, it imparts the magnetic moment to the bacterial cells by ionic binding to the cell surface. strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabil ... | 1992 | 1556557 |
| a hemolysin-encoding plasmid contributes to bacterial virulence in experimental enterococcus faecalis endophthalmitis. | beta-hemolysin production is a variable trait of the lancefield group d streptococcus, enterococcus faecalis. the e. faecalis hemolysin is encoded by large transmissible plasmids. the variable nature of this putative virulence factor provided an ideal system for testing its contribution in experimental endophthalmitis. in this study, isogenic e. faecalis strains were compared to determine whether the presence of the hemolysin-encoding plasmid affected the severity of disease in a rabbit endophth ... | 1992 | 1559764 |
| detection of propionic acid bacteria in cheese. | mesophilic lactic starters and thermophilic lactobacilli but not streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus grew on the sodium lactate agar (sla) used for estimating the numbers of propionic acid bacteria (pab) in cheese. the addition of cloxacillin (4 micrograms/ml) to sla inhibited the starter bacteria but had no effect on the pab. it was possible to count low numbers of pab in the presence of high numbers of starter bacteria. a correlation coefficient of 0.9 was obtained between the level o ... | 1992 | 1560128 |
| bacteremia in a long-term-care facility: a five-year prospective study of 163 consecutive episodes. | the clinical features, microbiological characteristics, and outcomes of 163 episodes of bacteremia occurring at a long-term-care facility were evaluated. the rate of nosocomial bacteremia increased from 0.20 to 0.36 cases/1,000 patient-days from 1985 to 1989; there was a parallel increase in the rate of all nosocomial infections combined. bacteremia was documented in 6.5% of all hospital-acquired infections. the majority of isolates were gram-negative, and providencia stuartii was the most commo ... | 1992 | 1562655 |
| concomitant high-level vancomycin and penicillin resistance in clinical isolates of enterococci. | enterococci are important nosocomial pathogens among which resistance to multiple antibiotics is being recognized with increasing frequency. we characterized three clinical isolates from three new york city hospitals that demonstrated concomitant resistance to vancomycin (one vana, two vanb phenotypes) and high-level resistance to penicillin. two enterococcus faecium strains were intrinsically highly resistant to penicillin and showed very low affinity for penicillin of penicillin-binding protei ... | 1992 | 1562656 |
| bacteremia due to beta-lactamase-producing enterococcus faecalis with high-level resistance to gentamicin in a child with wiskott-aldrich syndrome. | | 1992 | 1562666 |
| clustered bacteremias in a hemodialysis unit: cross-contamination of blood tubing from ultrafiltrate waste. | to determine the cause of clustered bacteremias occurring among chronic hemodialysis patients. | 1992 | 1564314 |
| selective intracellular lactate invisibility in enterococcus faecalis. | in this article we will demonstrate that differences in hahn t2 relaxation of the 1h nmr signal from cytosolic and extracellular lactate can be exploited to monitor lactate concentration gradients in bacterial cells and provide information on lactate transport mechanisms. as a by-product of this study we have determined that there are at least three pools of lactate in bacterial cells with differing visibility in the nmr experiment. this has serious implications for the spectral editing techniqu ... | 1992 | 1569865 |
| single dose cephalosporin prophylaxis in high-risk patients undergoing surgical treatment of the biliary tract. | during june 1985 through october 1986, 292 patients considered to be at high risk for having postoperative complications develop underwent cholecystectomy and were evaluated in a multicenter, randomized, prospective, double-blind study. risk factors included age greater than 70 years, acute cholecystitis within the previous six months, obstructive jaundice, obesity and diabetes mellitus. one gram of cefamandole was administered intravenously to 144 patients and 148 patients received 1 gram of ce ... | 1992 | 1570609 |
| the hemolysin/bacteriocin produced by enterococci is a marker of pathogenicity. | the hemolysin/bacteriocin produced by some strains of enterococcus faecalis is active in the lysis of human, rabbit, and horse erythrocytes, but not those from sheep. in this study, we determined that 20% of clinical enterococcal isolates tested in the clinical microbiology laboratory produced hemolysin and that pathogenic human e. faecalis were more likely to be hemolysin-producing isolates. among the organisms isolated from different anatomic sites, variability in the degree of hemolysin produ ... | 1992 | 1572135 |
| differences in the formation of poles of enterococcus and bacillus. | the pole of enterococcus hirae (streptococcus faecium) is more pointed than that of bacillus subtilis; i.e. the pole of the former is prolate and the latter is oblate. both species form their poles by constructing annular additions on the inside surface. in both cases, the thick septum starts to split from the outside before the septum is complete. physiochemical considerations dictate that the peptidoglycan must be unstretched as laid down. however, it later becomes stressed and may stretch to ... | 1992 | 1573905 |
| cholecysto-sternal fistula. | | 1992 | 1574909 |
| characterization of culturability, protistan grazing, and death of enteric bacteria in aquatic ecosystems. | nonstained bacteria (nsb), rhodamine-stained bacteria (rsb), and fluorescence-labeled bacteria (flb) were prepared from two enteric bacterial species, escherichia coli and enterococcus faecalis. counts of cfu of nsb and rsb and total numbers of rsb and flb were monitored over time, both in the presence and in the absence of natural microbiota. in the presence of natural microbiota, no differences were observed between cfu counts of nsb and rsb, but rsb total numbers were 1 to 4 orders of magnitu ... | 1992 | 1575503 |
| fluoroquinolone treatment of enterococcus infection. | | 1992 | 1576389 |
| replacement of the essential penicillin-binding protein 5 by high-molecular mass pbps may explain vancomycin-beta-lactam synergy in low-level vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium d366. | the mechanism of synergy between vancomycin and penicillin, as well as other beta-lactam antibiotics, was examined in a penicillin-resistant e. faecium (d366) expressing an inducible low-level resistance to vancomycin. it was demonstrated that penicillin per se was not able to reduce the inducible expression of the 39.5-kda protein (vanb) or the carboxypeptidase activity which are involved in the mechanism of vancomycin resistance of this strain. assays of competition between 3h-benzylpenicillin ... | 1992 | 1577257 |
| extracellular and cellular distribution of muramidase-2 and muramidase-1 of enterococcus hirae atcc 9790. | a substantial portion of the second peptidoglycan hydrolase (muramidase-2) activity of enterococcus hirae atcc 9790 (formerly streptococcus faecium) is present in the supernatant culture medium. in contrast, nearly all muramidase-1 activity is associated with cells in the latent, proteinase-activatable form. muramidase-2 activity is produced and secreted throughout growth, with maximal levels attained at or near the end of exponential growth in a rich organic medium. muramidase-2 activity in the ... | 1992 | 1577692 |
| infection in the upper body: hand and burn-wound microbiology and considerations for antimicrobial therapy. | gram-positive bacteria are the predominant organisms in hand infection and in burn wounds of the upper extremities. in a recent study of isolates from patients who were treated at our institution, staphylococcus aureus and beta-hemolytic streptococcus group a organisms were the most common organisms in infection of the hand; they were found in 36.3% and 14.4% of cases, respectively. the most common organisms in burn wounds were enterococcus species, s. aureus, and escherichia coli, which were fo ... | 1992 | 1577843 |
| aminoglycoside-resistant streptococcus and enterococcus species isolated from bovine mammary secretions. | a total of 117 isolates representing four streptococcus species and 20 isolates representing two enterococcus species from bovine mammary secretions were examined for resistance to streptomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin. resistance to streptomycin (85.4%) was most prevalent, followed by kanamycin (19%) and gentamicin (2.2%). minimum inhibitory concentration of streptomycin for most organisms examined ranged from 16 to 250 micrograms/ml. for kanamycin, the minimum inhibitory concentration for mo ... | 1992 | 1578037 |
| increase and decrease in formic acid concentration in urine samples stored at room temperature. | formic acid concentrations are not stable in urine samples stored at room temperature. formic acid may increase or decrease due to bacterial contamination. enterococci and e. coli produce formic acid under anaerobic conditions at ph values of more than 6.0. in urine sample stored at room temperature, e. coli caused a decrease in formic acid. the main substrate of formic acid formation by bacteria seems to be citric acid. formic acid in urine is stable at room temperature for at least 7 days when ... | 1992 | 1581412 |