| qualitative study of paradoxical zone phenomenon of penicillins against 17 bacterial species of clinical importance. | using a triple agar layer technique and enzymatic inactivation of penicillin, the occurrence of a paradoxical zone phenomenon (illustrated by a typical 'target' image around the reservoir of antibiotic) was determined for several bacterial species specially chosen with regards to their taxonomic position, clinical importance and penicillin susceptibility. among gram-positive bacteria, a paradoxical zone was obtained for approximately 43% of the strains studied here (all 10 strains of staphylococ ... | 1978 | 340171 |
| an evaluation of two immunological methods in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis: the effect of ultrasonic treatment of the cerebrospinal fluid. | counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) and fluorescent antibody (fa) technique were evaluated in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis (groups a, b, c), streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae type b. fa was positive in 80% and cie in 70% of the 59 cases of bacterial meningitis investigated. ultrasonic treatment of the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) increased the efficacy of cie from 50% to 70%. by fa it was possible to demonstrate bacterial antigen in csf up ... | 1977 | 341293 |
| survival of upper respiratory tract bacteria on cotton-wool swabs. | plain, buffered cotton-wool swabs and albumen-coated cotton-wool swabs were prepared with known numbers of the following: haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, corynebacteria and escherichia coli. swabs were plated immediately (0 hours) after loading with a 0.1 ml standardised inoculum; each swab was plated out four times by streaking on both halves of two plates. at 0 hours recovery rates from first platings on solid media ranged from 3.3%-8.9%; from platings ... | 1978 | 348727 |
| cefamandole vs. procaine penicillin for treatment of pneumonia due to streptococcus pneumoniae: a random trial. | the efficacy and safety of cefamandole nafate and penicillin g procaine suspension were compared in the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia in hospitalized adults. one hundred thirteen patients with clinical and radiographic evidence of pneumococcal pneumonia were randomly assigned to receive 600,000 units of procaine penicillin intramuscularly every 12 hr or 500 mg of cefamandole intramuscularly every 6 hr. the two groups were comparable with regard to patient type and extent and severity of pn ... | 1978 | 349092 |
| clinical and laboratory investigation of cefamandole therapy of infections in infants and children. | cefamandole nafate was effective in the treatment of a variety of infections caused by staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes group a, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae in infants and children. the infections included periorbital cellulitis and ethmoiditis, bacteremia, cellulitis, pneumonia, and lymphadenitis. in vitro, cefamandole was effective in inhibiting the growth of h. influenzae isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis or sepsis. in ... | 1978 | 349094 |
| double-blind comparison of cefamandole and penicillin in pneumococcal pneumonia. | we conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous penicillin and cefamandole in the therapy of pneumococcal pneumonia. patients received either 1 g of cefamandole or 600,000 u of aqueous penicillin g every 6 h. of the 100 patients entered into the study, 96 had clinical and radiographic evidence of pneumonia. microbial etiology was determined from the results of sputum and blood cultures and/or sputum gram stains. streptococcus pneumoniae was pathogenic in 49 patient ... | 1978 | 356724 |
| clinical experience with cefadroxil in upper and lower respiratory tract infections. | cefadroxil is a new semisynthetic oral cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. absorption of cefadroxil is unaffected by food, its serum levels are prolonged and it is excreted in the urine at a relatively slow rate compared to cephalexin. in the treatment of 108 patient with upper or lower respiratory tract infections, cefadroxil effected 93% complete cures. fifty-five of the patients had upper respiratory tract infections and fift ... | 1978 | 357229 |
| an etiologic shift in infantile osteomyelitis: the emergence of the group b streptococcus. | twenty-one infants from six to 52 days of age (mean 23.3 days) with osteomyelitis were studied between 1965 and 1977. the etiologic agents were group b streptococcus (8), staphylococcus aureus (6), gramnegative bacilli (4), streptococcus pneumoniae (1), and unknown (2). patients with group b streptococcal osteomyelitis were characterized by an uncomplicated neonatal course, single bone involvement with a predilection for involvement of the proximal humerus, and lack of inflammatory signs. in con ... | 1978 | 359771 |
| group a streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin: pyrogenicity, alteration of blood-brain barrier, and separation of sites for pyrogenicity and enhancement of lethal endotoxin shock. | group a streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type c (spe c) was shown to produce fever by crossing the blood-brain barrier. the toxin directly stimulated the hypothalamic fever response control center, thus bypassing a requirement for endogenous pyrogen release. spe c was detected in the cerebrospinal fluids of toxin-treated rabbits by pyrogen tests and a hemagglutination inhibition assay. the toxin altered the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to endotoxin, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemo ... | 1978 | 361577 |
| an overview of results of world-wide clinical trials with cefadroxil. | céfadroxil, a new semisynthetic oral cephalosporin, is absorbed similarly by fasted and non-fasted subjects, produces sustained serum levels and is eliminated at a relatively slow rate. these pharmacokinetic properties permit less frequent and more convenient dosage scheduling than cephalexin and cephradine and consequently greater patient compliance. cefadroxil was evaluated for safety in 1051 patients and for efficacy in 1030 patients. overall it achieved a 91.8% rate of clinical success resul ... | 1978 | 363481 |
| severe infection due to streptococcus pneumoniae in asplenic renal transplant patients. | the medical records of 293 patients who underwent renal transplantation were analyzed for the occurrence of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae infections in relation to splenectomy. splenectomy was done in 236 (81%) graft recipients before or concomitant with transplantation. bacteremia developed in five and fulminant sepsis in two from 3 to 32 months after splenectomy. no serious infections with these organisms occurred in the nonsplenectomy group. these results suggest that as ... | 1979 | 368440 |
| septicemia in association with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | fifty consecutive episodes of septicemia were studied in 41 children who had acute lymphoblastic leukemia. seventy-six percent of these episodes occurred when the absolute granulocyte count was 200/mm3 or less and were caused by gram-negative enteric and gram-positive mucocutaneous bacteria. in eight patients, streptococcus pyogenes was isolated at the time when all was diagnosed. multiple anaerobic and aerobic isolates from a single blood culture were associated with abdominal distress, whereas ... | 1979 | 376800 |
| [antibacterial effect of ankerplast spray]. | the diffusion test yielded no satisfactory results. in the tube test, both the spray and the solvent (in a dilution of 1:4 and 1:8, respectively) proved to be bacteriostatically active against enterococci, staphylococcus aureus, escheria coli, proteus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. these germs were killed within 30 minutes in the test for bactericidal activity, whereas the reference substance (1% phenol) required 1--2 hours, except against the last-named germ. even the copolymer exerted a bacteric ... | 1979 | 377580 |
| polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines: a review. | the development, pharmacology, effectiveness, adverse reactions and clinical use of polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines are reviewed. patients with sickle cell anemia, asplenic and elderly patients, infants and closed populations are particularly susceptible to streptococcus pneumoniae infections. polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine induces a satisfactory antibody response wihin about two weeks which declines with time but generally remains elevated for at least 20 months after infection. the vaccine h ... | 1979 | 380332 |
| antibody activity in otitis media with effusion. | bacteria were isolated from a high percentage of the effusions from patients with otitis media with effusion (ome, serous otitis media). in an attempt to determine if the isolated bacteria were involved in the disease process, we analyzed the serum and effusion of 25 ome patients for the presence of antibacterial antibodies by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody method. specific antibody activity was detected in 20 of 25 effusions (80%) and 19 of 22 sera (86%). igg antibodies were the most ... | 1979 | 380443 |
| clindamycin in treatment of aspiration pneumonia in children. | twenty-eight patients with anaerobic pleuropulmonary infections were treated with clindamycin alone or clindamycin with gentamicin. sixteen of the patients presented with pneumonitis, nine with necrotizing pneumonia, and three with lung abscesses. the average length of treatment was 13.8 days, and the duration of temperature after initiation of therapy was 3.1 days. the predominant isolates were anaerobic gram-positive cocci (23 isolates), bacteroides melaninogenicus (14), bacteroides fragilis ( ... | 1979 | 380459 |
| [sensitivity of frequent-occurring isolates in outpatients to routinely-used antibiotics (author's transl)]. | the susceptibility of microorganisms (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, e. coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella spp. and haemophilus influenzae) frequently occurring in outpatients (treated by practitioners) to six kinds of antibiotics [ampicillin (abpc), cefazolin (cez), erythromycin (em), minocycline (mnc), gentamicin (gm) and thiamphenicol (tp)] was determined by the standard method established by the japan society of chemotherapy. 1) there were few m ... | 1979 | 381708 |
| intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of serious infections in children. | intravenous tmp-smz was used to treat 19 infectious episodes in 18 patients ranging in age from 3 weeks to 13 years. thirteen patients with various soft tissue or skeletal infections caused by haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus. streptococcus pyogenes, or acinetobacter anitratus were successfully treated. three children with four episodes of csf shunt infections due to coagulase-negative staphylococci were treated successfully also. the only treatment failure ... | 1979 | 385814 |
| epidemiology, microbiology and management of otitis media. | epidemiologic studies indicate that the maximum incidence of otitis media (om) occurs 6 to 24 months of age. features associated significantly with recurrent om include sex (males greater than females), race (white greater than black) and having a sibling with recurrent om. persistence of middle ear effusion (mee) following acute om is frequent; 40% of children have mee one month after onset of om. streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae are the most frequent organisms isolated from ... | 1979 | 386213 |
| diagnosis of bacterial meningitis by gas-liquid chromatography. i. chemotyping studies of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, neisseria meningitidis, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli. | with the use of gas-liquid chromatographic techniques, the chemical characteristics of streptococcus pneumoniae type 3, escherichia coli, group b neisseria meningitidis, haemophilus influenzae type b, and staphylococcus aureus, organisms that commonly cause bacterial meningitis, were identified. the combination of lipid, carbohydrate, and lipopolysaccharide components provided discriminating markers for chemotyping these bacteria. e. coli had a high content of 17- and 19-carbon cyclopropane fatt ... | 1979 | 390061 |
| [clinical results of cefuroxime (cxm) therapy in pediatric infections (author's transl)]. | cefuroxime, a new cephalosporin c antibiotic, was administered to 15 children with respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, or subcutaneous tumour. the following results were obtained. 1) cxm 30 approximately 100 mg/kg/day were used in treatment of respiratory tract infection. eight of the eleven patients treated responded to the therapy. 2) cxm 45 approximately 75 mg/kg/day were given to 3 patients with urinary tract infection. excellent results were obtained in all these cases. 3) ... | 1979 | 390177 |
| indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid detection of haemophilus influenzae type b infection. | we report the development and testing of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with excellent sensitivity for the detection of haemophilus influenzae type b (hi(b)) antigen in clinical specimens from patients with hi(b) meningitis. the assay, an indirect sandwich technique, uses polystyrene balls as a solid phase and an alkaline phosphatase-labeled goat anti-rabbit globulin conjugate. specimens are incubated with polystyrene balls armed with burro anti-hi(b) antiserum, and recognition antibody is ... | 1979 | 393714 |
| summary of laboratory studies on the antibacterial activity of cefaclor. | laboratory aspects of cefaclor, a new orally-effective cephalosporin antibiotic, are summarized. on the basis of data from a variety of studies, the useful antibacterial spectrum of cefaclor is shown to include all classes of bacteria that are generally susceptible to cephalothin and cephalexin. against many enterobacteriaceae, haemophilus sp. and streptococcus pneumoniae, cefaclor has a significant potency advantage over cephalexin. bacteria that are susceptible to cefaclor are killed by concen ... | 1979 | 398479 |
| mode of action of beta-lactam antibiotics. | biochemical investigations of the mode of action of beta-lactam antibiotics have focused on the interaction of these drugs with sensitive enzymes and penicillin-binding proteins in vitro and on the correlation of these data with physiological responses to the drugs. the classical response is inhibition of growth and cell death followed by lysis; however, the bacteriostatic response to penicillins, which is seen in certain bacterial species such as streptococcus mutans and in mutants of species s ... | 1979 | 400939 |
| comparative trial of carbenicillin and ampicillin therapy for purulent meningitis. | a randomized therapeutic trial of carbenicillin (cb) or ampicillin (amp) in purulent meningitis was performed in 86 pediatric and adult patients (41 haemophilus influenzae, 22 streptococcus pneumoniae, 13 neisseria meningitidis, and 10 of unknown etiology). all isolates, incuding h. influenzae, were susceptible to cb and amp. median cerebrospinal fluid (csf) antibiotic concentrations were 0.85 and 1.60 mug/ml for cb and amp, respectively, during administration of daily doses of 400 mg/kg and 0.6 ... | 1977 | 404962 |
| respiratory pathogens in non-human primates with special reference to corynebacterium ulcerans. | an investigation of 272 non-human primates (75 macacca cynomolgus, 97 macacca mulatta and 100 cercopithecus aethiops) revealed a high incidence of respiratory disease caused by corynebacterium ulcerans, staphylococci, diplococci and streptococci. escherichia coli was also found as a secondary invader. most of the infections occurred during winter in macaca cynomolgus and were caused by corynebacterium ulcerans and diplococcus pneumoniae. the c. ulcerans strains were phage type vi g. a phage typ ... | 1977 | 407395 |
| formation of antibody in the newborn mouse: study of t-cell-independent antibody response. | the ontogeny of immune responsiveness, as assayed by antibody formation in vitro, of mouse spleen lymphocytes to thymus-independent antigens is reviewed. responsiveness to trinitrophenyl (tnp)-lipopolysaccharide and tnp-brucella abortus appear soon after birth and one to two weeks before tnp-ficoll or capsular polysaccharide of streptococcus pneumoniae (sss-iii) elicits significant antibody formation. this hierarchy of responsiveness to antigens is also apparent in the cba/n mutant mouse strain, ... | 1977 | 408430 |
| isolation of galactoprotein a from hamster embryo fibroblasts and characterization of the carbohydrate unit. | a major cell surface labeled glycoprotein of hamster embryo fibroblasts, with a subunit molecular weight of 230 000, which is deleted on viral transformation [gahmberg, c. g., & hakomori, s. (1973) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 70, 3329--3333; hynes, r. o. (1973) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 70, 3170--3174], was quantitatively extracted and purified on an insolubilized ricinus communis lectin--poly(acrylhydrazido)agarose column. a glycopeptide with a molecular weight of 2000 was isolated from t ... | 1979 | 420811 |
| endometritis and neonatal sepsis due to streptococcus pneumoniae. | attention is called to the rarely described clinical entity of pneumococcal infection involving both mother and neonate. a case is described in which neonatal sepsis and puerperal endometritis were documented by isolating streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 from both mother and child. clinical implications and a review of relevant literature are briefly discussed. | 1979 | 424127 |
| bl-s786 (ceforanide), a new parenteral cephalosporin: in vitro studies. | bl-s786 (ceforanide) is a new cephalosporin which showed broad-spectrum activity in vitro against 453 clinical isolates. at a concentration of 3.12 mug/ml, it inhibited greater than 75% of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus mirabilis, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, and streptococcus pneumoniae. essentially no activity was observed against isolates of serratia marcescens, and only minimal activity was observed against enterobacter spp. its activity was directly ... | 1979 | 426520 |
| pneumococcal sepsis and pneumonia in the neonate. | two neonates had early onset diplococcus pneumoniae septicemia and pneumonia. both recovered after intensive respiratory and antibiotic therapy, although a review of the literature indicates that early pneumococcal septicemia has been associated with an extremely high mortality. pneumococcal septicemia in a one-year period accounted for 12% of all documented neonatal bacteremias. this may indicate an increasing incidence of this organism in newborns. | 1979 | 443215 |
| bacteremia and meningitis following fiberoptic bronchoscopy. | bacteremia and meningitis due to streptococcus pneumoniae developed in a 52-year-old man 28 hours after an otherwise uncomplicated fiberoptic bronchoscopy. the patient responded to antimicrobial therapy and supportive care and later underwent pneumonectomy for carcinoma. this report reinforces previous observations that bacteremia may occasionally be associated with the performance of fiberoptic bronchoscopy. | 1979 | 443952 |
| the protective effect of intraperitoneal splenic autotransplants in mice exposed to an aerosolized suspension of type iii streptococcus pneumoniae. | splenosis has been shown to occur after traumatic injury to the spleen. it is postulated that this is the mechanism for the low incidence of bacterial infection in this group of patients when compared to those who undergo splenectomy for other reasons. therefore, we studied the effect of exposure to an aerosolized suspension of type iii streptococcus pneumoniae on splenectomized mice who had either all or half of their splenic tissue cut up and reimplanted into the abdominal cavity 8 wk prior to ... | 1979 | 454842 |
| bacterial pneumonia in the elderly: a reappraisal of conventional therapy, with a note on cefamandole. | community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in the elderly has for years been attributed almost exclusively to streptococcus pneumoniae. recent technical advances have provided bacteriologic and epidemiologic data demonstrating that other pathogens are important causes of pulmonary infection in older patients. this report reviews these data and reappraises the conventional therapy of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in geriatric patients. some properties of a new antibiotic, cefamandole nafate, ... | 1979 | 458085 |
| bacterial colonization, tracheobronchitis, and pneumonia following tracheostomy and long-term intubation in pediatric patients. | serial tracheal cultures for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were obtained from 27 pediatric patients during one year of follow-up. the patients had required tracheostomy and prolonged intubation for periods ranging from 3 to 12 months (average, 7 1/2 months). cultures of tracheal aspirates yielded 1,508 isolates of pathogenic aerobic (969 isolates) and anaerobic (539 isolates) bacteria. the most frequent aerobic isolates were streptococcus pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus. the predominant an ... | 1979 | 477429 |
| effect of inflammatory and noninflammatory stress on plasma ketone bodies and free fatty acids and on glucagon and insulin in peripheral and portal blood. | inflammatory stress as characterized by infection with streptococcus pneumoniae, administration of endotoxin, or the induction of a turpentine abscess is characterized by the inhibition of the ketosis assoicated with fasting and a decline in the level of free fatty acids in the plasma. moreover, rats subjectd to these inflammatory stresses demonstrate a significant rise in peripheral and portal insulin and glucagon. rats subjected to noninflammatory stresses, screen-restraint, or noninvasive fem ... | 1979 | 478598 |
| treatment of bacterial meningitis with intravenous amoxicillin. | eleven children with bacterial meningitis were treated intravenously with amoxicillin sodium to evaluate the efficacy of the parenteral form of amoxicillin for this serious infection and to measure the penetration of the drug into cerebrospinal fluid (csf). the infecting organisms were haemophilus influenzae in nine cases and streptococcus pneumoniae in two. nine patients had optimal responses to amoxicillin sodium, 200 mg/kg per day for 14 days. bacteria were also eradicated from csf of the oth ... | 1979 | 485128 |
| clinical and bacteriological evaluation of cefoxitin therapy in children. | cefoxitin, a parenteral cephamycin beta-lactam antibiotic, was evaluated for safety and efficacy in children with bacterial infections other than meningitis. twentysix patients between 3 months and 7 years of age were treated with 80 to 160 mg/kg per day. the most common diagnoses were cellulitis (13 patients), pneumonia (5 patients), and bone and joint infection (4 patients). nine patients were bacteremic. the most frequently recovered pathogens were staphylococcus aureus (six patients), haemop ... | 1979 | 485129 |
| aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora in semen from fertile and infertile groups of men. | semen samples were collected by masturbation under asceptic conditions from men who had sired children within the past 6 mo (group a) and asymptomatic men attending an infertility clinic who had not sired children and whose wives were asymptomatic for infertility (group b). these 109 semen samples were analyzed and cultured for isolation of aerobic and anerobic organisms. overall, 68% of the specimens had positive bacterial cultures: 54% of the samples from group a were positive and 73% from gro ... | 1979 | 485650 |
| core tetrasaccharide liberated by endo-beta-d-n-acetylglucosaminidase d from lactosamine-type oligosaccharides of semliki forest virus membrane proteins. | [3h]mannose- and [3h]glucosamine-labeled lactosamine-type glycopeptides of semliki forest virus membrane proteins were stripped of their fucose, sialic acid, galactose and distal n-acetylglucosamine residues and subsequently digested with endo-beta-d-n-acetylglucosaminidase d from diplococcus pneumoniae. two products were obtained, a neutral tetrasaccharide and a residual glycopeptide fraction. the tetrasaccharide appeared to consist of two alpha-mannose residues, one beta-mannose residue and on ... | 1979 | 497239 |
| bacteriophages of streptococcus pneumoniae. physicochemical properties of bacteriophage dp-4 and its transfecting dna. | the properties of dp-4 phage and its dna have been studied. the phage has a polyhedral head of 60 nm diameter, a tail 155 nm long and a buoyant density in cscl of 1.48 g/cm3. analysis by acrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates the presence of five polypeptides. dp-4 dna has a molecular weight of 37 x 10(6), a melting point of 83.5 degrees c (when dissolved in 0.15 m nacl/0.015 m sodium citrate, ph 7.0) and a g + c content of about 33%. denaturation of dna yields two strands of different buoyant ... | 1979 | 510314 |
| [study of cefuroxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. | 1. cefuroxime (cxm) was studied for absorption and excretion in 4 pediatric patients given one shot intravenous injection of 20 approximately 25 mg/kg. the following serum levels were determined: 24.5 approximately 38.0 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes (mean 33.3 +/- 6.1 micrograms/ml), 10.0 approximately 17.0 micrograms/ml at 1 hours (mean 13.9 +/- 3.3 micrograms/ml), 3.4 approximately 7.6 micrograms/ml at 2 hours (mean 5.2 +/- 1.9 micrograms/ml, 0.7 approximately 2.1 micrograms/ml at 4 hours (mean ... | 1979 | 513299 |
| in vitro activity of ly127935. | ly127935 is a unique new beta-lactam antibiotic. its activity against 536 clinical isolates was studied by using microdilution methods of susceptibility testing and compared with the activities of cefamandole, cefoxitin, and cephalothin. the lowest concentrations required to inhibit at least 90% of strains tested (mic(90)s) of ly127935 for staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, and streptococcus pneumoniae ranged from 2 to 8 mug/ml. the mic(90)s for other staphy ... | 1979 | 518080 |
| orbital abscess in two neonates, deriving from conjunctival malformations. | a report is given of two infants who developed an orbital abscess within their first month of life. generally they were unaffected, and malignancies were initially suspected. ultrasonography showed partly cystic, partly solid lesions. the likely infectious foci were conjunctival malformations, a mucosal fistula in case no. 1, a conjunctival cyst in case no. 2. there was rapid and complete recovery after surgery. the infections were caused by staph. aureus and by diplococcus pneumoniae, respectiv ... | 1979 | 525288 |
| comparative in vitro activity of ly 127935 (6059-s), seven cephalosporins, three aminoglycosides, carbenicillin, and ticarcillin. | ly 127935 (6059-s), a new semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic was tested simultaneously with 6 cephalosporins, 3 aminoglycosides, carbenicillin and ticarcillin against 398 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci. many of the organisms were selected for study because of known resistance to one or more of the clinically available antibiotics tested. escherichia coli, klebsiella, serratia and providencia were susceptible to ly 127935. some resistant strains of enterobac ... | 1979 | 528361 |
| effect of splenectomy and autologous splenic implantation on a streptococcus pneumoniae challenge. | | 1979 | 538625 |
| bactericidal activity of cefadroxil, cephalexin, and cephradine in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model. | cefadroxil (duricef, mead johnson and company), resembles cephalexin and cephradine in spectrum of antibacterial activity but differs in human pharmacokinetic properties. whether the latter are likely to affect activity in vivo was assessed by determining bactericidal activity against clinical isolates under conditions simulating the variation of drug concentration in the blood stream after an oral dose of 500 mg to adults. in this kinetic model, cefadroxil was more active than cephalexin or cep ... | 1979 | 541265 |
| [antibacterial kinetics of fosfomycin (author's transl)]. | the authors studied, with the autobac machine, the kinetics of antibacterial activity of fosfomycin against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus d' streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria meningitidis, acinetobactor lwoffi, haemophilus influenzae, salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli, proteus rettgeri, klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa. a correlation appears between the kinetics of fosformycin antibacterial action and the microbial growth rate. | 1979 | 547759 |
| periorbital cellulitis. | sixty-seven cases of orbital cellulitis from bgsm are reported and 247 cases from the literature reviewed. staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen except in the age group from three months to three years where a significant number of cases yielded hemophilus influenzae and diplococcus pneumoniae. the frequent association of paranasal sinus involvement and orbital cellulitis has been confirmed. orbital cellulitis is a multifaceted disease which, for proper management, requires close co ... | 1977 | 604442 |
| lack of protective effect of autotransplanted splenic tissue to pneumococcal challenge. | studies in animals and clinical experience in patients have demonstrated that splenectomy may lead to an increased susceptibility to infection. the infections are usually caused by encapsulated bacteria such as penumococcus. it has been shown in a variety of experimental animals that autotransplanted splenic tissue is capable of regenerating into implants that are microscopically indistinguishable from normal spleen and of restoring a number of normal splenic functions. the response to intraveno ... | 1978 | 623909 |
| antimicrobial activity in vitro of cefaclor, a new oral cephalosporin. | the antimicrobial activity of cefaclor, a new orally administered cephalosporin derivative, was studied in vitro against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates. both penicillin-resistant and penicillin-susceptible strains of staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to cefaclor, with mean mics of 1.44 and 0.93 microgram/ml, respectively. however, the mbc for penicillin-resistant s. aureus was higher than that for the penicillin-susceptible strains. all strains of streptococc ... | 1978 | 624778 |
| [bronchial brushing in severe lung diseases in children]. | a distal bronchial brushing was performed in 25 children having severe lung diseases. the age of the patients ranged from 7 days to 14 years. seventeen children were immuno-depressed. bacteria were isolated five times (2 staphylococcus aureus, 1 streptococcus pneumoniae, 1 serratia marcenscens, 1 acinetobacter lwoffi), viruses twice (cytomegalovirus, syncytial respiratory virus), pneumocystis carinii, four times. cytologic study revealed malignant cells, and cells with intranuclear inclusions, e ... | 1978 | 637669 |
| cephalosporin antibiotics in therapy of experimental streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae meningitis in rabbits. | six cephalosporin antibiotics (cefamandole, cefazolin, cephacetrile, cephalothin, cephaloridine, and cephradine) and two penicillin (ampicillin and penicillin g) were evaluated in vitro and in a rabbit model of experimental meningitis due to haemophilus influenzae or streptococcus pneumoniae. the percentage penetration ([concentration in cerebrospinal fluid/concentration in serum] x 100%) of these antibiotics varied from 0.7% for cephalothin to 17% for cephaloridine. the penetration varied inver ... | 1978 | 649999 |
| lactate dehydrogenase as a measure of inflammation in experimental otitis media. | a reliable animal model for acute otitis media due to streptococcus pneumoniae was used to study the accumulation of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) in middle ear effusion during acute pneumococcal otitis media and after penicillin treatment. the findings indicate that ldh levels rise in the middle ear effusion during the early phase of acute infection and decrease as the infection resolves over time. penicillin treatment affects the natural course of infection by resolving most visible signs of inf ... | 1978 | 655958 |
| pyogenic meningitis in ibadan, nigeria. a 15-month prospective study. | between january 1976 and march 1977, cerebrospinal fluid samples from 2130 patients at university college hospital, ibadan, nigeria were examined, 130 patients were shown to have pyogenic meningitis. the commonest causative bacteria were streptococcus pneumoniae (53.8%), haemophilus influenzae (23%), neisseria meningitidis (7.7%) and klebsiella spp. (3%). most of the infections occurred in very young children: 47% of all patients were under 1 year of age, and 69% were under 5 years old. the over ... | 1978 | 675164 |
| removal of carbohydrate from influenza a virus and its hemagglutinin and the effect on biological activities. | treatment of influenza virus and its purified hemagglutining with glycosidases from diplococcus pneumoniae, which included beta-galactosidase, beta-n-acetylglucosminidase, and endoglycosidase d, released amino and neutral sugars from the virus and these as well as large oligosaccharides from the purified hemagglutinin. the released glucosamine-containing oligosaccharides were of one discrete size. large oligosaccharides not removed by the glycosidases were found on the virus as well as the hemag ... | 1978 | 691110 |
| violaceous discoloration in pneumococcal cellulitis. | two patients with periobital cellulitis, one of whom also had buccal cellulitis, had violaceous discoloration of the skin. blood cultures from both patients yielded streptococcus pneumoniae. therefore, pneumococci should be considered, in addition to haemophilus influenzae, as possible causes of cellulitis with violaceous or bluish-red discoloration. | 1978 | 714580 |
| bacterial infections, sensitivity patterns, and chemotherapy among hospital patients in the tropics. | a prospective clinical and bacteriological review of the pattern of bacterial infections and chemotherapy among 1931 patients admitted to university college hospital, ibadan, between july and september, 1976, showed that 394 patients (20%) had bacterial infections, but 940 patients (49%) received antimicrobial chemotherapy. thus 58% of the patients were treated either prophylactically or without bacteriological confirmation of infection. infections of the respiratory tract were commonest (28%), ... | 1978 | 725540 |
| bacterial pneumonias in the rural society of solwezi district of the north-western province of zambia. | bacterial pneumonias form the major cause of admission for bronchopulmonary infections at solwezi general hospital. the figures obtained from this study may represent the rate of incidence and prevalence of bacterial pneumonias in the other districts of north-western province of zambia. the major bacterial organisms involved in pathogenesis of these pneumonias are streptococcus pneumoniae, pneumococcus, staphylococcus aureaus. in none of the cases could tuberculosis bacilli or fungal organism be ... | 1978 | 726652 |
| synthesis, transport, and secretion of plasma proteins by the livers of control and streptococcus pneumoniae-infected rats. | the synthesis, intracellular transport, and secretion of plasma proteins by the liver was studied in both control and streptococcus pneumoniae-infected rats. rats were injected with [3h]leucine; at various time intervals, the components of the intracellular secretory system were isolated. the isolation and partial characterization of rough microsomes, smooth microsomes, and golgi from both control and infected animals are described. after infection, the specific activity of the label in the homo ... | 1978 | 730373 |
| latex agglutination, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, and protein a co-agglutination in diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. | specimens of cerebrospinal fluid from 201 patients with meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis groups a/b/c/135, streptococcus pneumoniae (23 types), and haemophilus influenzae type b were tested for the presence of specific bacterial antigens by latex agglutination, counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie), and protein a co-agglutination. specific antigens were found in 75% of the specimens by latex agglutination and cie, and in 60% of the specimens by protein a co-agglutination. non-specific re ... | 1978 | 748387 |
| protective effect of prophylactic penicillin on splenectomized mice exposed to an aerosolized suspension of type iii streptococcus pneumoniae. | prophylactic penicillin has been recommended for use in asplenic patients and postsplenectomy patients. a laboratory model using aerosolized pneumococci has been devised to test the effectiveness of prophylactic penicillin in a manner analogous to human experience. there is increased mortality, over time, in asplenic mice exposed to aerosolized type iii streptococcus pneumoniae. one hundred twenty-one male swiss mice (mean weight 26 g) were divided into four groups: splenectomized, sham-operated ... | 1979 | 760864 |
| nonspecific resistance to infection induced in mice by a water-soluble adjuvant derived from mycobacterium smegmatis. | the effect of a nontoxic, water-soluble adjuvant (neo-wsa) from delipidated cells of mycobacterium smegmatis on the susceptibility of mice to infection with four challenge organisms was studied. an intravenous dose of 1 mg of neo-wsa per mouse 24 hr before challenge enhanced resistance to infection with a fungus (candida albicans), a gram-negative bacterium (klebsiella pneumoniae), and a gram-positive bacterium (streptococcus pneumoniae). protection by neo-wsa was not significant when the mice w ... | 1976 | 772130 |
| idiopathic late-onset immunoglobulin deficiency. clinical observations in 50 patients. | fifty patients with late-onset idiopathic immunoglobulin deficiency were studied and the frequency of various clinical associations and complications was observed. men and women were equally affected, although the age at onset in men peaked in the third decade whereas it was more uniformly distributed in women. sinobronchopulmonary infections were common and were caused by haemophilus influenzae. diplococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus aureus: bronchiectasis occurred in ... | 1976 | 782241 |
| tobramycin: a review of its antibacterial and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use. | synopsis: tobramycin is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic with a broad antibacterial spectrum in vitro, and pharmacokinetic properties similar to those for gentamicin. tobramycin is more active than gentamicin against pseudomonas aeruginosa and active against many gentamicin resistant strains, but is not active against enterobacteriaceae resistant to gentamicin. theoretically, tobramycin has an advantage over gentamicin against infections caused by p. aeruginosa, but any advantage in clinical prac ... | 1976 | 789045 |
| measles pneumonia. bacterial suprainfection as a complicating factor. | during a 3 1/2-month period, 32 previously healthy young men were first seen typical prodromal symptoms and signs of measles. on admission or within 48 hours of admission, 16 patients (50%) manifested physical signs and roentgenographic evidence of pneumonia. of these 16 patients, ten (63%) were found to have bacterial suprainfection or colonization confirmed by culture of transtracheal aspirates. from six of these ten patients, neisseria meningitidis serogroup y was isolated as the sole organis ... | 1975 | 804571 |
| agglutinin response to bacterial infection in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | agglutinin titres to haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, and proteus vulgaris in the serum of patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, patients producing mucoid sputum, and healthy controls were determined. serological evidence of infection with h. influenzae was found in 38 of 57 patients with acute exacerbations, and str. pneumoniae infection in 10 of the 57 patients, but was g ... | 1975 | 805163 |
| isolation of clostridium in human infections: evaluation of 114 cases. | one hundred fifty-two strains of clostridium were isolated from 144 patients over a 14-month-peroid. these included 23 recognized species and 23 strains that were unclassified. soft tissues or abscesses yielded 84 strains of clostridium. intraabdominal sites predominated, but clostridia were recovered from empyema, carcinoma, frostbite with gas gangrene, muscle abscess, aortic graft, and brain abscess. blood cultures yielded 65 strains of clostridium from 49 patients, representing 0.3% of 16,314 ... | 1975 | 805193 |
| meningococcal pneumonia. | a patient with meningococcal pneumonia which developed following therapy for an earlier episode of pneumococcal pneumonia is presented. this entity is most frequently associated with an antecedent viral respiratory illness and/or a concurrent infection with hemophilus influenzae or diplococcus pneumoniae. the characteristics of this disease are discussed and the possible pathogenetic mechanisms reviewed. | 1975 | 807105 |
| influenza alone and in sequence with pneumonia due to streptococcus pneumoniae in the squirrel monkey. | squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) inoculated intratracheally with 10(4.2)-10(8.2) egg median infectious doses (eid50) of type a influenza virus (h3n2) responded with clinical illness including such signs as fever, sneezing or coughing, coryza, and increased respiratory rates. necropsy studies performed six days after inoculation revealed bronchopneumonia in addition to a mild tracheitis. squirrel monkeys given 10(5)-6 x 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu) of streptococcus pneumoniae intratracheal ... | 1975 | 811714 |
| a measles epizootic with 5 deaths in newly-imported rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | of 21 newly-imported rhesus monkeys, 11 showed a typical macular rash and 13 developed a 4-fold or greater rise in antibody titre to measles. 5 animals died, 4 of them with extensive pneumonia, pleurisy and pericarditis. although measles was involved in each case, there were contributory causes of death, namely diplococcus pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus infection, and infestation with oesophagostomum (nodular worm) larvae. | 1976 | 815718 |
| incidence and etiology of septic meningitis in a metropolitan county hospital. | from january 1, 1969 to december 31, 1974, 98,446 patients were admitted to ben taub general hospital, one of the harris county district hospitals and a major teaching institution for baylor college of medicine. spinal fluid specimens from 17,638 (17.9%) patients were cultured, and 787 (4.5%) cultures were positive for pathogenic microorganisms. haemophilus influenzae, type b, was most frequently isolated (23.8%), followed by streptococcus pneumoniae (16.0%), staphylococcus aureus (9%), neisseri ... | 1976 | 817592 |
| rapid specific identification of group d streptococci by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. | clinical isolates of group d streptococci have been examined by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) to determine if this method might be of value in the rapid identification of the members of this group. group d organisms identified by classical biochemical and serologic procedures were inoculated into todd hewitt broth and incubated at 37 degrees c. after 4 hours of incubation, free group d streptococcal antigen was detected in broth cultures from 70 of 70 group d enterococcal strains. precipiti ... | 1976 | 822109 |
| the significance and mechanism of an increased serum phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio during infection. | infections or inflammatory states often cause significant increases in serum phenylalanine and the phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio. more than 95% of samples obtained during inflammatory diseases in man showed phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio increases greater than the maximum normal values. an increase in this ratio also occurred in monkeys with induced rocky mountain spotted fever, viral encephalitis, yellow fever, or pneumococcal and salmonella infections, as well as in rats with pneumococcal and sal ... | 1976 | 822705 |
| fosfomycin in acute bronchopneumopathies. | fosfomycin has been tested in 25 adult patients with bronchial or bronchopulmonary acute processes, of which 13 were simple acute processes of a greater or lesser severity, and 12 acutenesses of chronic bronchial processes. the germs found most frequently in the sputum cultures were streptococcus pneumoniae and klebsiella. fosfomycin was used intramuscularly with doses of 4 g/day, for an average of 10 days. the results obtained were 16 cures, 7 improvements and 2 failures, which represents 92% s ... | 1977 | 832533 |
| cefadroxil, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. | cefadroxil is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum and a high chemotherapeutic potential when administered orally. the inhibitory activity of this compound was similar to that of cephalexin and cephradine when tested against 602 clinical isolates on mueller-hinton medium. in the oral treatment of experimental infections of mice, cefadroxil was more effective than cephalexin against streptococcus pyogenes, and comparably effective against streptococcus pneumoniae, ... | 1977 | 848939 |
| bacterial meningitis and septicemia in sickle cell disease. | a total of 422 patients with sickle cell disorders have been observed for 3,442 patient years. during this period, 53 episodes of septicemia or meningitis occurred, indicating a risk of 12.5% from these infections for each individual. if only patients with ss hemoglobinopathy (sickle cell anemia) (323 patients) are considered, the risk was 15.2%. the case fatality ratios for sepsis and meningitis were 35% and 10%, respectively. disease due to streptococcus pneumoniae occurred, almost exclusively ... | 1977 | 879115 |
| tolerant response of streptococcus sanguis to beta-lactams and other cell wall inhibitors. | in contrast to group a streptococci or streptococcus pneumoniae, cells of streptococcus sanguis (group h) do not exhibit the irreversible effects of penicillin treatment, such as loss of viability or lysis. on the other hand, the same bacteria show typical effects of penicillin, such as morphological alterations, reduction in the rate of cell wall synthesis, and secretion of murein and lipoteichoic acid polymers into the medium. a novel effect of cell wall inhibitors was also noted: treatment wi ... | 1977 | 879739 |
| penetration of cefamandole into spinal fluid. | twelve patients, aged 6 months to 62 years, with proven bacterial meningitis, were given a single intravenous dose of cefamandole (33 mg/kg) 75 to 140 min before a routine lumbar puncture. infecting organisms included haemophilus influenzae (eight cases), streptococcus pneumoniae (two cases), and neisseria meningitidis and beta-hemolytic streptococcus (one each). cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was analyzed by microbiological assay for cefamandole. the median concentration was 0.60 mug/ml, ranging fro ... | 1977 | 879759 |
| extrapulmonary lesions of streptococcus pneumoniae infection in guinea pigs. | a retrospective study of extrapulmonary disease in 17 guinea pigs with streptococcus pneumoniae infection showed the most common to be either chronic active or acute fibrinopurulent pericarditis, pleuritis or peritonitis, or all three. in periparturient females the uterus was commonly affected. hepatic and adrenal necrosis, splenitis, otitis media, encephalitis, lymphadenitis and ovarian abscesses also occurred. there were gram-positive diplococci in all lesions and strep. pneumoniae, most often ... | 1977 | 883095 |
| the capsular polysaccharide of bacteroides fragilis as a virulence factor: comparison of the pathogenic potential of encapsulated and unencapsulated strains. | the pathogenic potentials of encapsulated and unencapsulated strains of bacteroides fragilis were compared by use of a rat model of intraabdominal sepsis. implantation of encapsulated b. fragilis alone resulted in abscesses in most recipients, whereas unencapsulated strains seldom produced this effect unless they were combined with another organism. implants of heat-killed, encapsulated b. fragilis also resulted in abscess formation. subsequent experiments suggested that the abscess-potentiating ... | 1977 | 886206 |
| specific metabolic effects imposed by streptococcus pneumoniae upon the response to femoral fracture in the rat. | the possible potentiation of an infection upon the metabolic consequences of trauma was tested in rats using a 2 x 2 block design which included control, femoral fracture, pneumococcal infection, and fracture plus infection groups. infection introduced unique metabolic effects different from those of starvation, femoral fracture, or both together. infection-induced effects included an accelerated conversion of 14c-alanine to glucose, higher serum haptoglobin, alpha2-macrofetoprotein, copper, and ... | 1977 | 900063 |
| tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and clindamycin. | tetracyclines are active in vitro against most urinary tract pathogens, chlamydia, mycoplasma pneumoniae, brucella, rickettsiae, and nocardia. chloramphenicol is used primarily for anaerobic infections, haemophilus influenzae meningitis, and infections due to salmonella typhi. erythromycin is active in vitro against m. pneumoniae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and group a beta-hemolytic streptococci. erythromycin may be used as prophylactic therapy for subacute bacterial endocarditis and for recurre ... | 1977 | 909315 |
| [role of haemophilus influenzae and diplococcus pneumoniae in the development of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis]. | | 1977 | 917917 |
| in vitro studies with cefaclor, a new oral cephalosporin. | in vitro studies were performed to evaluate the activity of cefaclor in comparison with cephalexin against 180 clinical isolates. broth dilution susceptibility tests showed cefaclor to be 4- to 16-fold more active than cephalexin against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and cephalothin-susceptible enterobacteriaceae. neither drug was highly active against cephalothin-resistant enterobacteriaceae or methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. cefaclor zones with 30-mug disks wer ... | 1977 | 921244 |
| bacteremia in children: an outpatient clinical review. | in a 20-month period, 1,783 children seen in the pediatric outpatient department had blood cultures performed and 117 (6.5%) of these children had bacteremia. two thirds of the isolates were diplococcus pneumoniae and hemophilus influenzae b. ninety-three percent of children with h. influenzae b bacteremia and 20% of children with pneumococcal bacteremia had soft tissue involvement at the initial visit. most children with positive blood cultures (102) were previously well and beyond the newborn ... | 1976 | 934743 |
| concomitant pneumococcal appendicitis, peritonitis, and meningitis. | a 9-year-old boy developed pneumococcal meningitis and peritonitis following appendectomy. subsequent pathologic examination showed gram-positive diplococci in the appendix. cultures of the peritoneal fluid, blood, and spinal fluid showed diplococcus pneumoniae. the experience illustrates the danger of assuming that all pneumococcus peritonitis is the primary variety and the advisability of routine gram stain of the peritoneal fluid at operation in order to select the appropriate antibiotic. | 1976 | 942301 |
| a consideration of the differences between a janeway's lesion and an osler's node in infectious endocarditis. | janeway's lesions and osler's nodes are regarded as excellent clues to the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis; however, very few physicians have actually witnessed these findings, and there is some confusion in distingushing between the two. this article concerns a patient with infectious endocarditis due to diplococcus pneumoniae, who had tender vesicular lesions thought to be osler's nodes and a nontender erythematous nodule on the foot compatible with a janeway's lesion. the original commen ... | 1976 | 947688 |
| activity of cefamandole and other cephalosporins against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. | the activity of cefamandole was comparable to that of cephalothin, cefazolin, and cephaloridine against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, and diplococcus pneumoniae. in contrast, cefamandole was considerably more active than cephalothin, cefazolin, or cephaloridine against gram-negative facultative bacilli, including haemophilus influenzae, the most striking disparities being noted with indole-positive proteus and enterobacter. bacteroides fragilis was more susceptible to cefoxitin ... | 1976 | 949182 |
| coagulopathy in experimental sepsis with streptococcus pneumoniae in rabbits: effect of drug therapy and splenectomy. | the cause of death in bacteremia due to streptococcus pneumoniae remains unclear. the role of intravascular coagulation and splenectomy was investigated in rabbits with lethal pneumococcal bacteremia. the staphylococcal clumping titer in serum, a measure of fibrin degradation products, increased early and persisted until death. this titer correlated with the level of bacteremia. the partial thromboplastin time and platelet-rich plasma clotting time also increased as the disease worsened. however ... | 1976 | 972264 |
| [results of catheter biopsy and catheter aspiration in various lung diseases (author's transl)]. | results of 415 catheter biopsies and catheter aspirations in patients with various lung diseases are reported. among 263 patients with suspected carcinoma of the lung, in 79% neoplastic cells could be obtained histologically from catheter biopsy specimens. among 52 patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis but without positive sputum, tubercle bacilli were found in 23% by aspiration biopsy. the bacteriological examination of bronchial secretion in various lung diseases showed a prevailing g ... | 1976 | 1020345 |
| meningitis following stapedectomy: its occurrence in the immediate postoperative period. | meningitis following stapedectomy occurring in the immediate postoperative period has not been previously described. this case report documents a case of diplococcus pneumoniae meningitis occurring within 36 hours following surgery with survival of the patient. | 1976 | 1053160 |
| bacteriological findings in sinusitis (1963-1975). | two different studies were performed in order to determine the role of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in sinusitis. aerobes: a retrospective study of 331 cases of all types of sinusitis (from 1963 till 1975) showed an increasing occurrence of haemophilus influenzae during the last three years. only in the acute sinusitis is streptococcus pneumoniae more frequently found than haemophilus influenzae, which exhibits the highest occurrence in chronic and undeterminable cases. we found cultures with ... | 1976 | 1070150 |
| frequency of detection of hemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide in infants and children with pneumonia. | countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis was used to detect h. influenzae type b antigen in sera of 65 consecutive infants and children with clinical and radiographic evidence of pneumonia. antigenemia was observed in only one patient who also had h. influenzae type b bacteremia. blood cultures from four other children were positive for h. aphrophilus (one), streptococcus pneumoniae (two), and an alpha-hemolytic streptococcus (one). the frequency of pharyngeal colonization with h. influenzae type b ... | 1976 | 1082573 |
| rabbit lymphoid cells. ii. anti-allotype antisera, lipopolysaccharide and other bacterial and fungal mitogens as probes for the identification of b-cell subpopulations. | removal of adherent cells or complement-mediated killing of rabbit thymus lymphocyte antigen (btla) bearing rabbit t lymphocytes did not abolish the responsiveness (increased thymidine incorporation) of lymphoid cells to antibody against immunoglobulin allotype, nocardia water-soluble mitogen (nwsm), pneumococcal polysaccharide siii (ppsiii), s. abortus lipopolysaccharide (lps), lipid a conjugated to bovine serum albumin and a crude preparation containing c polysaccharide from the cell wall of d ... | 1976 | 1088419 |
| transient bacteremia associated with percutaneous liver biopsy. | transient bacteremia associated with percutaneous liver biopsy was studied by pour-plate blood cultures, which were obtained immediately before and after the procedure and 5, 10, 15, and 30 min later in 89 patients. part of the liver tissue was also cultured in all patients. histological diagnoses included hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholangitis, fatty liver, granulomata, metastatic liver disease, lymphoma, and miscellaneous disorders. all blood cultures obtained before liver biopsy were sterile. bact ... | 1975 | 1092772 |
| meningitis caused by streptococcus in adults. | meningitis caused by streptococcus is uncommon in adults. otitis media, mastoiditis, sinusitis, or trauma has antedated most cases reported in the past. data on 10 recent cases suggest changes in the current pathogenesis of streptococcal meningitis in adults and emphasize the importance of accurate streptococcal speciation. endocarditis was present in five cases; trauma played a role in two others. brain abscess, corticosteroids, alcoholic cirrhosis, and peritonitis secondary to chronic peritone ... | 1975 | 1092775 |
| spread of streptococcus pneumoniae in families. i. carriage rates and distribution of types. | the mechanisms by which streptococcus pneumoniae spreads from person to person are poorly understood. in this study, optimal methods for sampling, isolation, and identification of s. pneumoniae from healthy carriers were investigated. factors influencing carriage rates were analyzed. findings included the importance of pharyngeal rather than of nasal sampling in adults, the greater sensitivity of mouse inoculation compared with direct streaking of blood agar plates, and the superiority of the qu ... | 1975 | 1097544 |
| acute epiglottitis; a clinical, bacteriological and serological study. | 25 patients, 15 children and 10 adults, with the clinical diagnosis of acute epiglottitis were studied. patients severely ill on admission, 13 children and 1 adult, were immediately treated with tracheotomy and antibiotics; the remaining patients with antibiotics only. haemophilus influenzae type b was the causative organism in all children and in 3 adults. one adult had a diplococcus pneumoniae infection. no pathogens were isolated from the 6 remaining patients. four of the children developed h ... | 1975 | 1101371 |
| detection of tetracycline resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae. | bacteriological details are given of a patient with chronic purulent bronchitis, who was being followed up during a survey of relapse in chronic bronchitis. a strain of streptococcus pneumoniae, serotype 10, was isolated from the sputum over a period of six months, followed by a type 47a strain and later a type 28 strain. the patient was receiving prophylactic treatment with tetracycline throughout. the type 10 strain was sensitive to tetracycline in vitro by both the disc diffusion and doubling ... | 1975 | 1123446 |