| detection and identification of ehrlichia species in blood by use of pcr and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | rapid detection and identification of ehrlichia species improves clinical outcome for patients suspected of ehrlichiosis. we describe an assay that employs multilocus pcr and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-ms) to detect and identify ehrlichia species directly from blood specimens. the results were compared to those of a colorimetric microtiter pcr enzyme immunoassay (pcr-eia) used as a diagnostic assay. among 213 whole-blood samples collected from patients who were clinically ... | 2010 | 19955274 |
| genome sequence of the endosymbiont rickettsia peacockii and comparison with virulent rickettsia rickettsii: identification of virulence factors. | rickettsia peacockii, also known as the east side agent, is a non-pathogenic obligate intracellular bacterium found as an endosymbiont in dermacentor andersoni ticks in the western usa and canada. its presence in ticks is correlated with reduced prevalence of rickettsia rickettsii, the agent of rocky mountain spotted fever. it has been proposed that a virulent sfg rickettsia underwent changes to become the east side agent. we determined the genome sequence of r. peacockii and provide a compariso ... | 2009 | 20027221 |
| evidence of exposure to spotted fever group rickettsiae among arizona dogs outside a previously documented outbreak area. | since 2003, two communities in eastern arizona have experienced a sustained outbreak of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf), caused by rickettsia rickettsii, associated with transmission by rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown dog tick; 70 human cases, including eight deaths, were reported from these communities during 2003 through 2008. in both of the affected communities, antibodies to spotted fever group rickettsiae (sfgr) were present in dogs before the notice of the first human cases, sugges ... | 2011 | 20042069 |
| rickettsia 364d: a newly recognized cause of eschar-associated illness in california. | four spotted fever group rickettsiae (sfgr) are known to infect humans in the united states. a member of the sfgr designated 364d and detected in dermacentor occidentalis ticks has not previously been identified as a human pathogen. | 2010 | 20073993 |
| rickettsial ompb promoter regulated expression of gfpuv in transformed rickettsia montanensis. | rickettsia spp. (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae) are gram-negative, obligate intracellular, alpha-proteobacteria that have historically been associated with blood-feeding arthropods. certain species cause typhus and spotted fevers in humans, but others are of uncertain pathogenicity or may be strict arthropod endosymbionts. genetic manipulation of rickettsiae should facilitate a better understanding of their interactions with hosts. | 2010 | 20126457 |
| serological prevalence study of exposure of cats and dogs in launceston, tasmania, australia to spotted fever group rickettsiae. | a sero-epidemiological study of cats and dogs in the launceston area of tasmania, australia was undertaken to determine the prevalence of antibodies to spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae. results showed that 59% of cats and 57% of dogs were positive for antibodies, but there was no correlation between the animal's health and seropositivity at the time of testing, suggesting that rickettsial exposure is unrelated to ill-health in these two species of domestic animals. | 2010 | 20148824 |
| review of microarray studies for host-intracellular pathogen interactions. | obligate intracellular bacteria are privileged soldiers on the battlefield that represent host-pathogen interactions. microarrays are a powerful technology that can increase our knowledge about how bacteria respond to and interact with their hosts. this review summarizes the limitations inherent to host-pathogen interaction studies and essential strategies to improve microarray investigations of intracellular bacteria. we have compiled the comparative genomic and gene expression analyses of obli ... | 2010 | 20188126 |
| disruption of the rickettsia rickettsii sca2 autotransporter inhibits actin-based motility. | rickettsii rickettsii, the etiologic agent of rocky mountain spotted fever, replicates within the cytosol of infected cells and uses actin-based motility to spread inter- and intracellularly. although the ultrastructure of the actin tail and host proteins associated with it are distinct from those of listeria or shigella, comparatively little is known regarding the rickettsial proteins involved in its organization. here, we have used random transposon mutagenesis of r. rickettsii to generate a s ... | 2010 | 20194597 |
| the increasing recognition of rickettsial pathogens in dogs and people. | dogs and people are exposed to and susceptible to infection by many of the same tick-borne bacterial pathogens in the order rickettsiales, including anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia canis, e. chaffeensis, e. ewingii, rickettsia rickettsii, r. conorii, and other spotted fever group rickettsiae. recent findings include descriptions of novel ehrlichia and rickettsia species, recognition of the occurrence and clinical significance of co-infection, and increasing awareness of rhipicephalus sangui ... | 2010 | 20207197 |
| serological evidence of rickettsia parkeri as the etiological agent of rickettsiosis in uruguay. | we report three new rickettsiosis human cases in uruguay. the three clinical cases presented clinical manifestations similar to previous reported cases of rickettsia parkeri in the united states; that is mild fever (< 40 degrees c), malaise, headache, rash, inoculation eschar at the tick bite site, regional lymphadenopathy, and no lethality. serological antibody-absorption tests with purified antigens of r. parkeri and rickettsia rickettsii, associated with immunofluorescence assay indicated tha ... | 2009 | 20209269 |
| biology and ecology of the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. | abstract: the brown dog tick (rhipicephalus sanguineus) is the most widespread tick in the world and a well-recognized vector of many pathogens affecting dogs and occasionally humans. this tick can be found on dogs living in both urban and rural areas, being highly adapted to live within human dwellings and being active throughout the year not only in tropical and subtropical regions, but also in some temperate areas. depending on factors such as climate and host availability, rh. sanguineus can ... | 2010 | 20377860 |
| rickettsia rickettsii infection of human macrovascular and microvascular endothelial cells reveals activation of both common and cell type-specific host response mechanisms. | although inflammation and altered barrier functions of the vasculature, due predominantly to the infection of endothelial cell lining of small and medium-sized blood vessels, represent salient pathological features of human rickettsioses, the interactions between pathogenic rickettsiae and microvascular endothelial cells remain poorly understood. we have investigated the activation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa b (nf-kappab) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase, expression of h ... | 2010 | 20385756 |
| the expanding spectrum of eschar-associated rickettsioses in the united states. | until recently, rickettsia rickettsii was the only substantiated cause of tick-borne spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiosis in humans in the united states. rickettsia parkeri, originally thought to be nonpathogenic in humans, was recently proved to be another cause of tick-borne sfg rickettsiosis. | 2010 | 20404224 |
| rickettsia infection in dogs and rickettsia parkeri in amblyomma tigrinum ticks, cochabamba department, bolivia. | only few published data are available on ticks and tick-borne zoonotic pathogens in bolivia. to evaluate rickettsial seroprevalence and infection in dogs and ticks, during february-april 2007, we collected whole blood, sera, and ticks from dogs living in the rural, peri-urban, and urban areas of cochabamba, bolivia. dog sera were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test to detect igg antibodies against rickettsia rickettsii and 68.2% of samples were found to be positive (n = 30; 95% c ... | 2010 | 20426684 |
| innate immunity in wooless lamb to larvae of amblyomma cajennense tick (fabricius, 1787) (acari: ixodidae). | the cayenne tick amblyomma cajennense infests preferably horses in its adult form but other mammal species in its immature stages and is the main vector of rickettsia rickettsii, the brazilian spotted fever pathogen. as wooless lambs are often raised on pasture together with horses, an experiment was performed to investigate their possible acquisition of resistance to a. cajennense after experimental infestations. seven naïve wooless lambs were infested thrice at 60 days interval with immature a ... | 2010 | 20537112 |
| experimental infection of rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks with the bacterium rickettsia rickettsii, using experimentally infected dogs. | we evaluated if rickettsia rickettsii-experimentally infected dogs could serve as amplifier hosts for hipicephalus sanguineus ticks. in addition, we checked if rh. sanguineus ticks that acquired ri. rickettsii from dogs could transmit the bacterium to susceptible hosts (vector competence), and if these ticks could maintain the bacterium by transstadial and transovarial transmissions. uninfected larvae, nymphs, and adults of rh. sanguineus were allowed to feed upon three groups of dogs: groups 1 ... | 2011 | 20569011 |
| rocky mountain spotted fever in the united states, 2000-2007: interpreting contemporary increases in incidence. | rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf), a potentially fatal tick-borne infection caused by rickettsia rickettsii, is considered a notifiable condition in the united states. during 2000 to 2007, the annual reported incidence of rmsf increased from 1.7 to 7 cases per million persons from 2000 to 2007, the highest rate ever recorded. american indians had a significantly higher incidence than other race groups. children 5-9 years of age appeared at highest risk for fatal outcome. enzyme-linked immunoso ... | 2010 | 20595498 |
| brazilian spotted fever in cart horses in a non-endemic area in southern brazil. | brazilian spotted fever (bsf) is an often fatal zoonosis caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium rickettsia rickettsii. the disease is generally transmitted to humans by amblyomma spp. ticks. serological evidence of past infection by r. rickettsii has been reported in horses, but the pathogenicity of r. rickettsii in horses remains unknown. cart horses are still widely used in urban and urban fringe areas in brazil, and these animals may constitute suitable sentinels for bsf human in thes ... | 2010 | 20624353 |
| amblyomma imitator ticks as vectors of rickettsia rickettsii, mexico. | real-time pcr of amblyomma imitator tick egg masses obtained in nuevo leon state, mexico, identified a rickettsia species. sequence analyses of 17-kd common antigen and outer membrane protein a and b gene fragments showed to it to be r. rickettsii, which suggested a potential new vector for this bacterium. | 2010 | 20678325 |
| secretory process of salivary glands of female amblyomma cajennense (acari: ixodidae) ticks fed on resistant rabbits. | ticks have great economic and health importance since infested animals have reduced milk and meat production, and, besides that, they are expensive ectoparasites to control. while feeding, ticks can transmit to their hosts a large amount of pathogens, including rickettsia rickettsii responsible for the "spotted fever" or "fever of the mountains." it is known that animals infested with ticks or artificially immunized with their salivary gland extracts develop resistance, which is related to a dec ... | 2011 | 20711802 |
| [rocky mountain spotted fever in brazil]. | although the number of confirmed cases of spotted fever has been declining in brazil since 2005, the mortality rate (20% to 30%) is still high in comparison to other countries. this high mortality rate is closely related to the difficulty in making the diagnosis and starting the correct treatment. only two groups of antibiotics have proven clinical effectiveness against spotted fever: chloramphenicol and tetracyclines. until recently, the use of tetracyclines was restricted to adults because of ... | 2010 | 20721447 |
| absence of rickettsia rickettsii and occurrence of other spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks from tennessee. | rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) is the most common tick-borne illness in tennessee. little is known about the occurrence of r. rickettsii, the causative agent, in ticks in tennessee. to better understand the prevalence and distribution of rickettsial agents in ticks, we tested 1,265 amblyomma, dermacentor, and ixodes adult and nymphal ticks. additionally, we tested 231 amblyomma americanum larvae. ticks were collected from 49 counties from humans, wild animals, domestic canines, and flannel ... | 2010 | 20810834 |
| 100th anniversary of the death of ricketts: howard taylor ricketts (1871-1910). the namesake of the rickettsiaceae family. | the us american pathologist and microbiologist howard taylor ricketts died 100 years ago. he is renowned for discovering the causative organism and the transmission route of rocky mountain spotted fever and of tabardillo--an epidemic louse-borne typhus occurring especially in mexico. he also found that both diseases were caused by related infectious agents (rickettsia rickettsii and rickettsia prowazekii). the scientific community therefore named both a taxonomic family (rickettsiaceae) and an o ... | 2010 | 20888424 |
| rickettsial infections of dogs, horses and ticks in juiz de fora, southeastern brazil, and isolation of rickettsia rickettsii from rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. | the present study was performed in an area endemic for brazilian spotted fever (bsf) in juiz de fora, state of minas gerais, brazil, during the years 2007 and 2008, when fatal cases of bsf (caused by rickettsia rickettsii) were reported. adult ticks (acari: ixodidae) identified as rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) and amblyomma cajennense (fabricius) were collected from dogs and horses, respectively, and tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). overall, 13.1% of the rh. sanguineus ticks and ... | 2010 | 20950356 |
| infrequency of rickettsia rickettsii in dermacentor variabilis removed from humans, with comments on the role of other human-biting ticks associated with spotted fever group rickettsiae in the united states. | abstract from 1997 to 2009, the tick-borne disease laboratory of the u.s. army public health command (usaphc) (formerly the u.s. army center for health promotion and preventive medicine) screened 5286 dermacentor variabilis ticks removed from department of defense (dod) personnel, their dependents, and dod civilian personnel for spotted fever group rickettsiae using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. rickettsia montanensis (171/5286 = 3.2%) and ricke ... | 2010 | 21142953 |
| rickettsia africae in amblyomma variegatum and domestic ruminants on eight caribbean islands. | we used pcrs with omp a primers to determine if spotted fever group rickettsiae occurred in amblyomma variegatum from 6 caribbean islands. positive amplicons were obtained from ticks from the u.s. virgin islands (9/18; 50%), dominica (39/171; 30%), montserrat (2/5; 40%), nevis (17/34; 50%), st. kitts (46/227; 20%), and st. lucia (1/14; 7%). sequences for a convenience sample of reaction products obtained from a. variegatum on st. kitts (7), american virgin islands (4), montserrat (2), and st. lu ... | 2010 | 21158615 |
| serological survey of rickettsia sp. in horses and dogs in a non-endemic area in brazil. | brazilian spotted fever (bsf) is a lethal rickettsiosis in humans caused by the bacteria rickettsia rickettsii, and is endemic in some areas of brazil. horses and dogs are part of the disease's life cycle and they may also serve as sentinel animals in epidemiological studies. the first human bsf case in the state of paraná was reported in 2005. the present study was conducted in the municipality of almirante tamandaré, where no previous case of bsf was reported. serum samples were collected from ... | 2010 | 21184695 |
| seroprevalence of rickettsia bellii and rickettsia felis in dogs, são josé dos pinhais, state of paraná, brazil. | brazilian spotted fever (bsf) is a vector-borne zoonosis caused by rickettsia rickettsii bacteria. dogs can be host sentinels for this bacterium. the aim of the study was to determine the presence of antibodies against rickettsia spp. in dogs from the city of são josé dos pinhais, state of paraná, southern brazil, where a human case of bsf was first reported in the state. between february 2006 and july 2007, serum samples from 364 dogs were collected and tested at 1:64 dilutions by indirect immu ... | 2010 | 21184698 |
| serosurvey of antibodies against spotted fever group rickettsia spp. in horse farms in northern paraná, brazil. | brazilian spotted fever (bsf) is an emerging disease most likely caused by rickettsia rickettsii. the objective of the present study was to estimate the seroprevalence of bsf rickettsia infections in equines from six horse farms located in londrina county, paraná, southern brazil. six owners of horse farms situated in cambé, santa fé, guaraci and londrina municipalities participated in the study. all farms were located in areas where bsf has not been reported. a total of 273 horses were sampled ... | 2010 | 21184706 |
| clinical problem-solving. avoiding a rash diagnosis. | | 2011 | 21288099 |
| complementation of rickettsia rickettsii rela/spot restores a nonlytic plaque phenotype. | spotted fever group rickettsiae are known to produce distinct plaque phenotypes. strains that cause lytic infections in cell culture form clear plaques, while nonlytic strains form opaque plaques in which the cells remain intact. clear plaques have historically been associated with more-virulent species or strains of spotted fever group rickettsiae. we have selected spontaneous mutant pairs from two independent strains of rickettsia rickettsii, the virulent r strain and the avirulent iowa strain ... | 2011 | 21300770 |
| outbreak of rocky mountain spotted fever in córdoba, colombia. | rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) is a tick-borne disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium rickettsia rickettsii. although rmsf was first reported in colombia in 1937, it remains a neglected disease. herein, we describe the investigation of a large cluster of cases of spotted fever rickettsiosis in a new area of colombia. | 2011 | 21340366 |
| dose-response model of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) for human. | rickettsia rickettsii is the causative agent of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) and is the prototype bacterium in the spotted fever group of rickettsiae, which is found in north, central, and south america. the bacterium is gram negative and an obligate intracellular pathogen. the disease is transmitted to humans and vertebrate host through tick bites; however, some cases of aerosol transmission also have been reported. the disease can be difficult to diagnose in the early stages, and withou ... | 2011 | 21453373 |
| rickettsia rickettsii in rhipicephalus ticks, mexicali, mexico. | circulation of a unique genetic type of rickettsia rickettsii in ticks of the rhipicephalus sanguineus complex was detected in mexicali, baja california, mexico. the mexican r. rickettsii differed from all isolates previously characterized from the endemic regions of rocky mountain spotted fever in northern, central, and southern americas. rhipicephalus ticks in mexicali are genetically different from rh. sanguineus found in the united states. | 2011 | 21485383 |
| rickettsia rickettsii (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae) in amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) from kansas. | the role of lone star ticks as vectors for rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) remains poorly described. we compared the entomological inoculation rates (eirs) for rickettsia spp. for representative sites in missouri and kansas, states that frequently report rmsf each year. host-seeking ticks were collected during 2006 and pooled tick homogenates analyzed by polymerase chain reaction to detect probable r. rickettsii, with confirmation for multiple gene targets performed on individual ticks from ... | 2011 | 21485390 |
| experimental infection of amblyomma aureolatum ticks with rickettsia rickettsii. | we experimentally infected amblyomma aureolatum ticks with the bacterium rickettsia rickettsii, the etiologic agent of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf). these ticks are a vector for rmsf in brazil. r. rickettsii was efficiently conserved by both transstadial maintenance and vertical (transovarial) transmission to 100% of the ticks through 4 laboratory generations. however, lower reproductive performance and survival of infected females was attributed to r. rickettsii infection. therefore, bec ... | 2011 | 21529391 |
| rickettsia rickettsii transmission by a lone star tick, north carolina. | only indirect or circumstantial evidence has been published to support transmission of rickettsia rickettsii by amblyomma americanum (lone star) ticks in north america. this study provides molecular evidence that a. americanum ticks can function, although most likely infrequently, as vectors of rocky mountain spotted fever for humans. | 2011 | 21529399 |
| tick-borne bacteria in free-living jaguars (panthera onca) in pantanal, brazil. | abstract tick-borne bacteria were investigated in 10 free-living jaguars and their ticks in the pantanal biome, brazil. jaguar sera were tested by indirect fluorescent antibody assays using rickettsia rickettsii, rickettsia parkeri, rickettsia amblyommii, rickettsia rhipicephali, rickettsia felis, rickettsia bellii, ehrlichia canis, and coxiella burnetii as crude antigens. all 10 jaguar sera reacted (titer ≥64) to at least one rickettsia species; 4 and 3 sera reacted with e. canis and c. burneti ... | 2011 | 21612532 |
| medical microbiology | rickettsiae are small, gram-negative bacilli that have evolved in such close
association with arthropod hosts that they are adapted to survive within the host
cells. they represent a rather diverse collection of bacteria, and therefore listing
characteristics that apply to the entire group is difficult. the common threads that
hold the rickettsiae into a group are their epidemiology, their obligate
intracellular life ... | 1996 | 21413251 |
| myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac tamponade associated with rocky mountain spotted fever. | | 2011 | 21658567 |
| fatal brazilian spotless fever caused by rickettsia rickettsii in a dark-skinned patient. | brazilian spotted fever (bsf) is the most important and frequent rickettsial disease in brazil. a fatal case of bsf is reported in a 32-year-old black man, who died of irreversible shock after five days of fever, severe headache and abdominal pain with no rash. spleen, kidney and heart samples collected at autopsy were positive for rickettsia rickettsii by pcr and sequencing. the authors emphasize the need for a high index of diagnostic suspicion for spotted fever in black patients. absence of a ... | 2011 | 21779682 |
| transformation frequency of a mariner-based transposon in rickettsia rickettsii. | transformation frequencies of a mariner-based transposon system in rickettsia rickettsii were determined using a plaque assay system for enumeration and isolation of mutants. sequence analysis of insertion sites from both r. rickettsii and r. prowazekii indicated that insertions were random. transposon mutagenesis provides a useful tool for rickettsial research. | 2011 | 21764933 |
| tick infestation and spotted-fever group rickettsia in shelter dogs, california, 2009. | in response to an outbreak of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) in baja california in early 2009, dogs at two shelters in neighbouring imperial county, california, were evaluated for ectoparasites. brown dog ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus), a recognized vector for rmsf, were found on 35 (30%) of 116 dogs but all ticks tested negative for rickettsia rickettsii by pcr. | 2011 | 21824367 |
| rickettsia monteiroi sp. nov., infecting the tick amblyomma incisum in brazil. | free-living adult amblyomma incisum ticks were collected in an atlantic rainforest area at intervales state park, state of s+úo paulo, brazil. from an a. incisum specimen, rickettsiae were successfully isolated in vero cell culture by the shell vial technique. rickettsial isolation was confirmed by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and pcrs targeting portions of the rickettsial genes glta, htra, rrs, and sca1 on infected cells. fragments of 1,089, 457, 1,362, and 443 nucleoti ... | 2011 | 21685169 |
| adherence to and invasion of host cells by spotted fever group rickettsia species. | the pathogenic lifecycle of obligate intracellular bacteria presents a superb opportunity to develop understanding of the interaction between the bacteria and host under the pretext that disruption of these processes will likely lead to death of the pathogen and prevention of associated disease. species of the genus rickettsia contain some of the most hazardous of the obligate intracellular bacteria, including rickettsia rickettsii and r. conorii the causative agents of rocky mountain and medite ... | 2010 | 21687751 |
| infection by spotted fever rickettsiae in people, dogs, horses and ticks in londrina, parana state, brazil. | spotted fever is a disease caused by bacteria from the genus rickettsia of the spotted fever group (sfg). rickettsia rickettsii is likely the main agent of brazilian spotted fever (bsf). with the objective of gathering information on the circulation of sfg rickettsiae in londrina, parana state, ticks from dogs and horses and also blood from dogs, horses and humans were collected in a neighbourhood of the city which presented potential for circulation of rickettsiae between hosts and vectors. amb ... | 2011 | 21824336 |
| Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Panama: a cluster description. | Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a tick-borne infection caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. We report a cluster of fatal cases of RMSF in 2007 in Panama, involving a pregnant woman and two children from the same family. The woman presented with a fever followed by respiratory distress, maculopapular rash, and an eschar at the site from which a tick had been removed. She died four days after disease onset. This is the second published report of an eschar in a patient confirmed by PCR to be ... | 2011 | 21997944 |
| rickettsia species infecting amblyomma ticks from an area endemic for brazilian spotted fever in brazil. | this study reports rickettsial infection in amblyomma cajennense and amblyomma dubitatum ticks collected in an area of the state of minas gerais, brazil, where brazilian spotted fever is considered endemic. for this purpose, 400 adults of a. cajenennse and 200 adults of a. dubitatum, plus 2,000 larvae and 2,000 nymphs of amblyomma spp. were collected from horses and from the vegetation. the ticks were tested for rickettsial infection through polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocols targeting po ... | 2011 | 22166385 |
| distribution of rickettsia rickettsii in ovary cells of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille1806) (acari: ixodidae). | abstract: | 2011 | 22117572 |
| detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum in brazilian dogs by real-time polymerase chain reaction. | anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected in dogs from brazil in the municipalities of seropédica and itaguaí, rio de janeiro state, by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using sybr green to detect the amplification. of 253 samples, 18 (7.11%) were positive, with a threshold cycle (ct) ranging from 31 to 35 cycles. the pcr product from a positive sample was cloned and sequenced. the sequence obtained demonstrated 100% identity with other a. phagocytophilum sequences published in the genbank ... | 2011 | 21908321 |
| etiologies of rash and fever illnesses in campinas, brazil. | few population-based studies of infectious etiologies of fever-rash illnesses have been conducted. this study reports on enhanced febrile-rash illness surveillance in campinas, brazil, a setting of low measles and rubella virus transmission. | 2011 | 21954258 |
| protein candidates for the serodiagnosis of rickettsioses. | the laboratory diagnosis of rickettsioses is based on serology (reference method), cell culture and/or molecular tools. however, the main drawback of serology is its incapacity to provide identification of rickettsiae at the level of species. the aim of this study was to propose the versatile protein markers able to discriminate the patients with murine typhus from those with mediterranean spotted fever. we have cloned and expressed 20 proteins of rickettsia prowazekii and rickettsia rickettsii, ... | 2011 | 22098357 |
| asymptomatic macrothrombocytopenia in a young pure-bred beagle dog: a case report. | during baseline evaluation prior to a preclinical safety study, a 10-month-old male pure-bred beagle dog was found to have marked thrombocytopenia (6 × 10(3) platelets [plt]/µl) associated with a mean platelet volume (mpv) of 17.9 fl. tests for rickettsia rickettsii, ehrlichia canis, and borrelia burgdorferi were negative. buccal bleeding time was normal. over 3 months, plt were 4 to 141 × 10(3) plt/µl, and mpv was 11.4 to 25.1 fl; however, plt were <50 × 10(3) plt/µl and mpv was >16 fl during m ... | 2011 | 21859886 |
| experimental infection of the tick amblyomma cajennense, cayenne tick, with rickettsia rickettsii, the agent of rocky mountain spotted fever. | in the laboratory, amblyomma cajennense (acari: ixodidae) (fabricius) larvae, nymphs and adults were exposed to rickettsia rickettsii by feeding on needle-inoculated animals, and thereafter reared on uninfected guinea pigs or rabbits. regardless of the tick stage that acquired the infection, subsequent tick stages were shown to be infected (confirming transstadial and transovarial transmissions) and were able to transmit r. rickettsii to uninfected animals, as demonstrated by serological and mol ... | 2011 | 22007869 |
| Seroprevalence and risk factors to Ehrlichia spp. and Rickettsia spp. in dogs from the Pantanal Region of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. | Sera of 320 dogs from urban and rural areas of a Pantanal region of Brazil were evaluated for rickettsial (Rickettsia rickettsii, R. parkeri, R. amblyommii, R. rhipicephali, R. felis, and R. bellii) and ehrlichial (Ehrlichia canis) infection by the immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Risk factors for ehrlichiosis or rickettsiosis were also evaluated. Positive reaction against Ehrlichia spp. was detected in 227 (70.9%) dogs, 119 (74.3%) from an urban area and 108 (67.5%) from rural areas (P>0.05). Fo ... | 2011 | 22108015 |
| introduction to the alpha-proteobacteria: wolbachia and bartonella, rickettsia, brucella, ehrlichia, and anaplasma. | wolbachia is an obligate intracellular endosymbiont and likely mutualist living within the heartworm dirofilaria immitis and a number of other filarial nematodes in the family onchocercidae. the bacterial infection is passed from worm to worm transovarially; the organisms are in ovarian cells, the developing microfilariae, and multiply and persist in all later developmental stages through the mosquito and into the next host. besides being present in the ovaries of the adult worms, they also are ... | 2011 | 22152604 |
| Study of infection by Rickettsiae of the spotted fever group in humans and ticks in an urban park located in the City of Londrina, State of Paraná, Brazil. | Spotted fevers are emerging zoonoses caused by Rickettsia species in the spotted fever group (SFG). Rickettsia rickettsii is the main etiologic agent of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF)and it is transmitted by Amblyomma spp. ticks. | 2011 | 21901874 |
| investigation of an outbreak of rickettsial febrile illness in guatemala, 2007. | we describe an outbreak of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiosis that occurred in 2007 in a farming community in southeastern guatemala. we identified 17 cases of an acute febrile illness, among which 10, including two fatalities, were confirmed or probable cases of rickettsial disease (case-fatality proportion 12%). | 2012 | 23266334 |
| a volumetric assessment of pollen levels in the air of ann arbor, michigan. | | 2005 | 1196148 |
| [primary transport of acute patients. optimal use of rescue resources exemplified by the canton of graubünden]. | | 2011 | 3927607 |
| child abuse: does prosecution serve any useful purpose? | | 2006 | 1635513 |
| hospital outbreak of scabies stemming from two aids patients with norwegian scabies. | | 2007 | 1971073 |
| bites and stings. part 2. bees and vespids. | | 2008 | 2519523 |
| construction of an ileal reservoir in patients with a previous straight endorectal ileal pull-through. | a decade has passed since martin and associates presented the first series of endorectal ileal pull-through (pt) procedures with straight ileoanal anastomosis for treatment of ulcerative colitis and polyposis. during the ensuing years, several medical centers have reported their results using the pt. although some children have experienced good results, the majority of adults and children have had severe problems associated with high stool frequency, urgency, and incontinence. between 1977 and 1 ... | 2009 | 2839124 |
| construction of an ileal reservoir in patients with a previous straight endorectal ileal pull-through. | a decade has passed since martin and associates presented the first series of endorectal ileal pull-through (pt) procedures with straight ileoanal anastomosis for treatment of ulcerative colitis and polyposis. during the ensuing years, several medical centers have reported their results using the pt. although some children have experienced good results, the majority of adults and children have had severe problems associated with high stool frequency, urgency, and incontinence. between 1977 and 1 ... | 2009 | 2839124 |
| sce induction by ccnu and pregnancy. | | 2009 | 2704378 |
| temporal lobe pathology in schizophrenia: a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study. | although numerous studies have confirmed the presence of larger cerebral ventricles in schizophrenia, the locus of tissue loss remains elusive. by analyzing magnetic resonance scans with computerized image analysis, the authors determined gray and white matter volumes in the temporal lobes and prefrontal regions of 17 patients with schizophrenia and 17 age- and sex-matched normal subjects. the volume of temporal lobe gray matter was 20% smaller in the patients than in the control subjects. the l ... | 2010 | 2929746 |
| tripelennamine enhances buprenorphine-, but not pentazocine-induced hyperactivity in mice. | the opioid agonist-antagonist pentazocine (1-30 mg/kg) and the partial agonist buprenorphine (0.05-0.25 mg/kg) were tested, alone or in combination with the histamine h1-receptor antagonist tripelennamine (1, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg), on locomotor activity in mice of the cd-1 strain. when given alone, pentazocine produced slight and non-dose-related activity increments, while buprenorphine induced strong and dose-related locomotor stimulation. tripelennamine slightly increased activity by itself and ... | 2011 | 3137594 |
| ovarian carcinoma: abdominopelvic irradiation following reexploration. | twenty patients with ovarian cancer, who following reexploration were left with residual disease nodules of less than 2 cm diameter, received abdominopelvic irradiation. of these patients 18 had previous chemotherapy. fifteen patients completed treatment, 13 of whom had prior chemotherapy. six of the 18 patients with invasive tumors were alive and disease free 18-53 months postradiotherapy, while only 4 patients had died at the time of follow-up. no patient with residual nodules greater than 1 c ... | 2011 | 3141249 |
| hypophosphatemia-associated respiratory muscle weakness in a general inpatient population. | although hypophosphatemia has been implicated as a cause of respiratory failure, its impact on respiratory muscle function in patients hospitalized for other reasons remains to be determined. maximal inspiratory pressures (mip) and maximal expiratory pressures (mep) were measured at the bedside in 23 hospitalized patients with serum phosphate levels less than 2.5 mg/dl, and these measurements were repeated daily during phosphate repletion until serum phosphate levels reached the normal range. a ... | 2012 | 3364446 |
| herbert mclean evans m.d., sc. d. (1882-1971). an appreciation. | | 2015 | 4552756 |
| first-trimester prenatal diagnosis for huntington's disease with dna probes. | polymorphic dna probes linked to the locus for huntington disease (hd) were used for prenatal diagnosis of a 10-week fetus at 25% risk for the disease. the fetus proved to have a 48% risk of having inherited the hd mutation which was similar to that for the at-risk parent (50%). on this basis the parents elected to terminate the pregnancy. when appropriate family members are available and dna studies are informative, prenatal diagnosis of hd with polymorphic dna probes can determine the at-risk ... | 2010 | 2884412 |
| [measurement of orthodontic appliance force using prototype sensors]. | in introductory remarks the most important biomechanical principles, which are relevant for the research, and conditions which must be satisfied presented in intraoral measuring of orthodontic forces were pointed out. first the aim of the research was defined, and then the investigation of mechanical properties of acrylics as a material for orthodontic appliances were carried out. the type of strain gauges, bonds and measuring system configurations, as well as measuring amplifiers and recording ... | 2008 | 2635572 |
| cyclosporin a inhibits activation-induced cell death in t-cell hybridomas and thymocytes. | one mechanism by which the immune system develops the ability to discriminate self from nonself is the deletion of autoreactive t-cell clones during thymic maturation. the drug cyclosporin a (csa) has been shown to interfere with this process, allowing the escape of normally 'forbidden' t-cell clones and the appearance of autoimmune disease. recently, it has been demonstrated that immature thymocytes undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis) upon activation via the t-cell receptor. a similar phe ... | 2009 | 2786609 |
| jcda's 'quest' article: a tongue in cheek lampoon? | | 2009 | 2686820 |
| salt intake, intracellular cations, and hypertension. | | 2013 | 3760913 |
| hazardous waste minimization: part ix. waste minimization in the automotive repair industry. | | 2011 | 3236044 |
| [artero-venous angiodysplasia at the splenic hylum: contribution to the knowledge of pre-hepatic artero-venous angiodysplasias with portal hypertension]. | | 2014 | 4080430 |
| [effect of anaprilin on the clinical course of stenocardia and the carbohydrate metabolic indices of ischemic heart disease patients in relation to the nature of their glucose tolerance]. | fourteen-day anaprilin treatment of coronary patients with varying glucose tolerance has demonstrated that the drug's therapeutic efficiency was greater in patients with normal glucose tolerance. anaprilin caused a moderate drop in baseline glucose level and considerably limited the degree of hyperglycemia in response to the glucose tolerance test in coronary patients with abnormally low glucose tolerance. insulin content was virtually unaffected by the drug, irrespective of the type of glucose ... | 1991 | 3327995 |
| increase in globin chains and globin mrna in erythroleukemia cells in response to hemin. | | 1992 | 265145 |
| [treatment of hypertension with a combination of beta receptor blockers and diuretics (trasitensin retard)]. | | 1998 | 105287 |
| [a coronary care unit implements primary nursing]. | | 1998 | 105178 |
| [reactions in the brainactivity during increased carbondioxyde concentration (author's transl)]. | a comparative study of two kinds of respiration (normal air and mixed with 4% co2) was carried out in 8 healthy students. during the three experiments, each one lasting over 120 min, co2 or air was inhaled using a mask. blood samples were taken from the fingers, an average increase of pco2 of 1.9 mm (p less than 0.01) and po2 of 7.3 mm (p less than 0.01) was found during co2-inhalation. the ecg and eeg were recorded and reaction times to tone stimuli in a foreperiod reaction time experiment were ... | 1998 | 104863 |
| [treatment with oral hypoglycemia agents in diabetes mellitus. controlled clinical study of 2 combinations of glibenclamide and phenformin. ii]. | | 1998 | 104819 |
| bilateral bundle branch block producing high-grade a-v block. | | 1998 | 108060 |
| [conduction disorders after aortic valve replacement. apropos of 200 cases]. | the following points become apparent after the study of 200 cases of aortic valve replacement:--conduction defects are very common after this type of surgery, affecting one in three patients in this series;--above all, the frequency of conduction defects of the left bundle branch (2/3 cases) must be underlined. they are much more common than complete atrioventricular block, bifascicular block or isolated right bundle branch block;--diagnosed immediately after operation in almost all cases, regre ... | 1998 | 107882 |
| [irradiation combined with bleomycin. 5-year results with 27 o.r.l. epitheliomas (proceedings)]. | | 1999 | 85709 |
| trh test in routine diagnosis and postoperative control of patients with primary thyroid diseases. | | 1999 | 96643 |
| serum alkaline phosphatase activity in acrodermatitis enteropathica: an index of the serum zinc level. | a significant positive correlation between serum zinc and serum alkaline phosphatase levels was demonstrated in four patients suffering from acrodermatitis enterophathica for which they received oral zinc sulphate therapy. in one of the male patients a significant inverse relation between serum zinc and serum copper was found. | 1999 | 84482 |
| porphyria cutanea tarda associated with lymphoma. | three patients with porphyria cutanea tarda and lymphoma were seen at the mayo clinic. in one patient, the signs and symptoms of porphyria cutanea tarda and lymphoma occurred simultaneously, whereas in the other two, the porphyria was seen before the lymphoma occurred, three years before in one and one and a half years before in the other. involvement of liver or marrow was not related to the development of porphyria cutanea tarda in any of the 3 patients. the porphyria cutanea tarda was not eas ... | 1999 | 84468 |
| purification and properties of biliary glycoprotein i (bgp i). immunochemical relationship to carcinoembryonic antigen. | | 1999 | 91094 |
| [the medical dialogue in medical education]. | | 2000 | 101789 |
| two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography for the screening of disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. | a method is presented for the two-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic screening of purines, pyrimidines and their nucleosides in the urine. prior to chromatography, isolation of these substances from the urine is performed by anion-exchange column chromatography. purines and pyramidines are quantitatively eluted with formic acid 0.01 m and 4 m respectively. the results of recovery and stability experiments are given. normal excretory patterns are presented. also results in patients with vario ... | 2000 | 95907 |
| [neurofibromatosis in childhood]. | | 2000 | 97181 |
| catering for special needs. | | 2001 | 100095 |
| performance of home blood-glucose meters. | | 2001 | 87914 |
| changing patterns in the management of small bowel fistulas. | | 2001 | 98069 |
| "maxillary sinusitis" and cancer: the role of polytomography. | | 2001 | 98016 |
| instability of cerebral blood-flow in insulin-dependent diabetics. | cerebral blood-flow (cbf) was measured in 23 insulin-dependent diabetics before and 2--3 h after insulin/breakfast. in 10 of these patients cbf changed significantly during the day, with a significant fall in 9. in 3 patients who had the greatest falls in cbf there was a concomitant sensation of an impending faint. thus cbf is unstable in insulin-dependent diabetics in contrast to control subjects in who there is little or no variation. sudden falls in cbf in insulin-dependent diabetics may expl ... | 2001 | 92619 |
| child-resistant containers really are effective. | | 2001 | 90232 |