| [development of noise and decrease of noise in intensive-care deirces]. | | 1989 | 267244 |
| conformational influence of a 19-methyl substituent in 19-oxygenated steroid structures. | the crystal and molecular structure of (19r)-19-methyl-5-androstene-3beta, 17beta, 19-triol (c20h32o3) has been determined. the crystals are orthorhombic and the space group is p212121. the unit cell parameters are a =11.179 a, b = 21.485 a, and c = 7.328 a. the structure was solved using the direct methods program multan and refined anisotorpically to an r of 7.2% for all data. the methyl substituent on c(19) is located over the b ring and the hydroxyl between the a and c rings. the flexible b ... | 1990 | 1255665 |
| don't tell her--she'll worry! | | 1990 | 258435 |
| [clinical value of fluorescein perfusion angiography in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease]. | | 1991 | 1481052 |
| [speaking of breast cancer]. | | 1991 | 1480995 |
| commentary on "interpersonal attraction and perceived quality of medical-surgical care.". | | 1991 | 258001 |
| microvascular technique in orthopedic surgery. | | 1992 | 257264 |
| orthopedics in the operating room: a self assessment. | | 1992 | 257258 |
| [somatostatin and somatomedins--new hormones with connection to diabetes research and future diabetes therapy]. | | 1993 | 1263636 |
| . . . and a time to retire. | | 1993 | 281138 |
| [trauma in the facial region and changes in illness duration in patients of the university clinic for jaw and facial surgery of vienna comparing the years 1963--1965 and 1973--1975]. | | 1993 | 280884 |
| [intraindividual double-blind comparative study of the immediate ocular tolerability of the na+ and mg++ salts of n-acetyl-aspartylglutamic acid (naaga)]. | a good immediate ocular tolerance of eye-drops is paramount for the patient's compliance, and therefore for the therapeutic success. the tolerance of a new formula of naaxia, an anti-allergic eye-drop, whose sole modification was the replacement of the mg++ ion by the na+ ion, was compared with the previous formula. one drop of each preparation was instilled in one eye so as to make an intraindividual comparison. just after instillation, each subject was asked to express what he felt, and which ... | 1993 | 1686440 |
| [swedish anesthesiology--positions and perspectives]. | | 1994 | 1263698 |
| [letter: how we can influence our future]. | | 1994 | 1263697 |
| positional analysis of isovaleroyl triglycerides using proton magnetic resonance with eu(fod)3 and pr(fod)3 shift reagents: ii. cetacean triglycerides. | the positional distribution of isovaleric acid in natural cetacean triglycerides has been studied using proton magnetic resonance with lanthanide shift reagents. twenty-nine samples of melon, jaw, and blubber triglycerides from 13 genera in the delphinidae, phocoenidae, and monodontidae families were examined. isovaleric acid was found esterified only at the 1,3-positions in the monoisovaleroyl and diisovaleroyl triglycerides of these animals. | 1995 | 1263761 |
| [hereditary dysfibrinogenaemia. study of a family (author's transl)]. | this note studies fourteen members of the same family over three generations. ten of them have biological dysfibrinogenaemia without haemorrhagic diathesis or thrombosis. the diagnostic is essentially based on the study of fibrin formation by thrombine time. on the other hand global coagulation tests are little or not at all disturbed and the rate of physiologically active fibrinogen is sometimes subnormal. the biological outline of the defect is superposable to the one of the majority of heredi ... | 1997 | 229560 |
| [methods and specificity of internal medicine specialties in multiphasic screening]. | issuing from the classical definitions for the diagnostic sensitivity and specifity of examination methods in multiphasic screenings is deduced that out of the whole methodical spectre of internal specialities only limited parts are to be applied in multiphasic screenings. at the instance of a multiple multiphasic screenings (model study sternberg '70) ways to the establishment of reduced optimal parameter combinations are demonstrated. with multivariate statistical methods (facotor analysis, di ... | 1998 | 1189492 |
| changes in total body water in infants receiving total intravenous nutrition. | | 1998 | 108477 |
| a new classification of hepatic territories using intraoperative ultrasound. | intraoperative ultrasonography is now established as the most accurate technique for detecting and localizing hepatic tumors, be they primary or metastatic. a major problem is the accurate placement of any lesions found by intraoperative ultrasound and, hence, the correlation of the lesions found by ultrasound to the current classification of hepatic segments and to lesions seen by other imaging techniques. this paper outlines an objective and reproducible method of mapping hepatic lesions into ... | 1999 | 1539768 |
| [the use of a cyanhemoglobin solution as a control in hemoglobinometry]. | | 1999 | 1189543 |
| [a simple method for the continuing sterile filtration of large amounts of fluids]. | | 1999 | 1189542 |
| [structural changes in the endometrium of puerperae with high risk of development of endometritis in the postpartum period]. | the endometrium of 72 puerperae referred to a high-risk group in respect of developing infectious complications was examined on days 3-18 of the puerperium. the periods of epithelialization and regeneration onset in abnormal course of the puerperium were detected, and the morphologic criteria of these processes specified. in cases with cesarean sections these processes started 2-3 days later than after spontaneous delivery. bacteriologic examination of the uterine cavity contents is an indirect ... | 2000 | 1476228 |
| [susceptibility of platelet adhesiveness following bone surgery]. | | 2001 | 1189691 |
| [alcoholic hepatitis (author's transl)]. | among 64 patients with chronic alcoholic liver damage, alcoholic hepatitis was present in 30 cases. varying degrees of inflammation with a different high amount of polymorphonuclear leukocytes as a consistent finding, hepatocellular necrosis, fatty change in the liver epithelium, hydropic swelling of some cells, liver alcoholic hyalin, bile duct proliferation and portal edema were found to be characteristic features of alcoholic hepatitis. hepatocellular necrosis and fatty change in the liver ep ... | 2001 | 1189667 |
| chromatin structure. | | 2002 | 339915 |
| [etiologic factors of osteoradionecrosis of the lower jaw]. | | 2002 | 130444 |
| the pharmacokinetic bases of biological response quantification in toxicology, pharmacology and pharmacodynamics. | | 2002 | 339269 |
| [modern problems of the pharmacotherapy of occupational poisonings]. | | 2003 | 385452 |
| nephrology forum: diagnostic approach to hypercalciuria. | | 2004 | 548607 |
| anastomosed ureters: fluoroscopically guided transconduit retrograde catheterization. | fluoroscopically guided, transconduit retrograde catheterization of ureters that have been diverted to a bowel conduit is often feasible in patients with patient ureteroenteral anastomoses who might otherwise require a percutaneous nephrostomy (pcn) for reasons other than high-grade anastomotic obstruction. this procedure was attempted on 14 occasions and successfully accomplished on 12. in 11 of these cases, retrograde catheterization obviated pcn to provide renal drainage for a partially obstr ... | 2005 | 2909119 |
| [conventional radiodiagnosis in blunt abdominal injuries]. | | 2005 | 1081320 |
| [the spectral components of optokinetic nystagmus evoked by prolonged stimulation in normal subjects]. | | 2005 | 548070 |
| [are dental laboratories pharmaceutical ventures?]. | | 2008 | 2638260 |
| direct reading glucose electrodes detect the molality of glucose in plasma and whole blood. | it is the activity that determines the direction of chemical processes, transport, etc. and thus provides the clinically more relevant information. direct reading glucose electrodes consume glucose at a rate proportional to the glucose activity in the sample. the activity equals the molality (mmol glucose per kg water), so results from direct reading glucose electrodes must differ from the conventionally measured glucose concentration. this was observed in 159 whole blood samples which gave high ... | 2008 | 2383919 |
| n-succinimidyl methoxyphenylacetic acid ester, an amine-directed chiral derivatizing reagent suitable for enzymatic scale resolutions. | a chiral derivatizing reagent, n-succinimidyl-2-(s)-methoxy-2-phenylacetic acid ester (smpa), directed toward reaction with primary amine-containing compounds has been synthesized and characterized. this reagent is suitable for hplc resolution from enzymatic-scale reactions where only microgram quantities of chiral products may be obtainable. smpa derivatization was shown to be effective in the resolution of the enantiomers of a number of different racemic compounds. smpa was used to resolve the ... | 2009 | 2729571 |
| possible complications of intramuscular injections on the pediatric unit. | six hundred thirty-nine pediatric nurses were surveyed regarding intramuscular injection complications observed from their practice. the results indicated the need for a change in practice for pediatric nurses when giving intramuscular injections to children. | 2009 | 2685732 |
| early history of the veterinary research station, glenfield. | | 2009 | 2695031 |
| tortuosity of the right common carotid artery simulating aneurysm. | among the problems that confront the vascular surgeon, a pulsatile, right-sided neck mass requires a careful and logical evaluation. it has long been known that tortuosity of the right common carotid artery, frequently associated with advanced hypertension, can physically mimic a right carotid aneurysm. the question, then, is whether carotid angiography, with a higher attendant risk of morbidity and mortality, is preferable to less invasive diagnostic modalities such as computerized tomography ( ... | 2011 | 3187631 |
| [blood platelet function in chronic myeloid-type diseases. i. myeloproliferative diseases]. | | 2011 | 3439041 |
| monte carlo simulation of the dose distribution around 125i seeds. | the monte carlo method was used to investigate dose distributions around the 3m company model 6701 and model 6702 125i brachytherapy seeds. the transverse axis dose distributions of the two seed models were found to be nearly identical, but the longitudinal axis dose distributions differed significantly. seed design influences upon dose distributions also were investigated. | 2013 | 3600535 |
| development of left ventricular outflow obstruction in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. report of a case. | | 2014 | 4266353 |
| self-efficacy scaling by adult stutterers. | a scale was developed for estimating adult stutterers' confidence for entering and maintaining fluency in a variety of speaking situations. this self-efficacy scale for adult stutterers (sesas) was administered to 20 adult stutterers along with the shortened form of the erickson scale of communication attitudes and the perceptions of stuttering inventory. twenty nonstuttering adults were also given the sesas the self-efficacy scores significantly differentiated between stutterers and nonstuttere ... | 2014 | 4019820 |
| [residual activity of tritium following administration of tritiated thymidine in mice]. | | 2015 | 4662023 |
| viral hepatitis and salicylism simulating reye's syndrome. | | 2015 | 4528107 |
| medicare: boon to the aged or cruel hoax? | | 2015 | 4895372 |
| [iakov l'vovich rapoport (on his 70th birthday)]. | | 2015 | 4895489 |
| [reflections on the local treatment of cutaneous infections in children (apropos of the study of an antiseptic detergent)]. | | 2016 | 5017062 |
| pathogens of bovine respiratory disease in north american feedlots conferring multidrug resistance via integrative conjugative elements. | in this study, we determined the prevalence of bovine respiratory disease (brd)-associated viral and bacterial pathogens in cattle and characterized the genetic profiles, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and nature of antimicrobial resistance determinants in collected bacteria. nasopharyngeal swab and lung tissue samples from 68 brd mortalities in alberta, canada (n = 42), texas (n = 6), and nebraska (n = 20) were screened using pcr for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncy ... | 2014 | 24478472 |
| species-specific multiplex pcr for the diagnosis of brucella ovis, actinobacillus seminis, and histophilus somni infection in rams. | infectious ovine epididymitis results in substantial economic losses worldwide due to reproductive failure and culling of breeders. the most common causative agents of these infections are brucella ovis, actinobacillus seminis, and histophilus somni. the aim of this study was to develop a multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of brucella ovis, actinobacillus seminis, and histophilus somni with species-specific primers applied to biological samples for molecular diagnosis of these infect ... | 2013 | 23514236 |
| clinical and pathological changes in rams experimentally infected with actinobacillus seminis and histophilus somni. | infectious epididymitis is considered a major cause of economic losses for the sheep industry worldwide. this study aimed to investigate clinical and pathological changes associated with experimental infections with a. seminis and h. somni in rams. twenty rams of age 18 to 24 months were infected by intraepididymal inoculation of a. seminis (n = 10) and h. somni (n = 10). rams were weekly examined and biological samples were collected during six weeks. all rams inoculated with a. seminis and 80% ... | 2014 | 24592151 |
| copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click chemistry)-based detection of global pathogen-host ampylation on self-assembled human protein microarrays. | ampylation (adenylylation) is a recently discovered mechanism employed by infectious bacteria to regulate host cell signaling. however, despite significant effort, only a few host targets have been identified, limiting our understanding of how these pathogens exploit this mechanism to control host cells. accordingly, we developed a novel nonradioactive ampylation screening platform using high-density cell-free protein microarrays displaying human proteins produced by human translational machiner ... | 2014 | 25073739 |
| two outer membrane lipoproteins from histophilus somni are immunogenic in rabbits and sheep and induce protection against bacterial challenge in mice. | histophilus somni is an economically important pathogen of cattle and other ruminants and is considered one of the key components of the bovine respiratory disease (brd) complex, the leading cause of economic loss in the livestock industry. brd is a multifactorial syndrome, in which a triad of agents, including bacteria, viruses, and predisposing factors or "stressors," combines to induce disease. although vaccines against h. somni have been used for many decades, traditional bacterins have fail ... | 2012 | 22971783 |
| cattle immunized with a recombinant subunit vaccine formulation exhibits a trend towards protection against histophilus somni bacterial challenge. | histophilosis, a mucosal and septicemic infection of cattle is caused by the gram negative pathogen histophilus somni (h. somni). as existing vaccines against h. somni infection have shown to be of limited efficacy, we used a reverse vaccinology approach to identify new vaccine candidates. three groups (b, c, d) of cattle were immunized with subunit vaccines and a control group (group a) was vaccinated with adjuvant alone. all four groups were challenged with h. somni. the results demonstrate th ... | 2016 | 27501390 |
| rna-seq based transcriptional map of bovine respiratory disease pathogen "histophilus somni 2336". | genome structural annotation, i.e., identification and demarcation of the boundaries for all the functional elements in a genome (e.g., genes, non-coding rnas, proteins and regulatory elements), is a prerequisite for systems level analysis. current genome annotation programs do not identify all of the functional elements of the genome, especially small non-coding rnas (srnas). whole genome transcriptome analysis is a complementary method to identify "novel" genes, small rnas, regulatory regions, ... | 2012 | 22276113 |
| single nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine histophilus somni genome; a comparison of new and old isolates. | histophilus somni, a causative agent of the bovine respiratory disease complex, can also cause a variety of systemic disorders, including bronchopneumonia, myocarditis, pericarditis, arthritis, pleuritis, and infectious thrombotic meningoencephalitis. the purpose of this study was to determine if currently circulating strains differ from those of the 1980s by identifying genomic changes. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and insertion and deletion (indel) sites were examined by whole-genome ... | 2015 | 26130851 |
| histophilus somni stimulates expression of antiviral proteins and inhibits brsv replication in bovine respiratory epithelial cells. | our previous studies showed that bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) followed by histophilus somni causes more severe bovine respiratory disease and a more permeable alveolar barrier in vitro than either agent alone. however, microarray analysis revealed the treatment of bovine alveolar type 2 (bat2) epithelial cells with h. somni concentrated culture supernatant (ccs) stimulated up-regulation of four antiviral protein genes as compared with brsv infection or dual treatment. this suggested ... | 2016 | 26859677 |
| monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens isolated from diseased cattle and pigs across europe, 2009-2012: vetpath results. | vetpath is an ongoing pan-european antibiotic susceptibility monitoring programme that collects pathogens from diseased cattle, pigs and poultry. in the current study, 996 isolates from cattle and pig respiratory tract infections were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibilities. non-replicate lung samples or nasopharyngeal/nasal swabs were collected from animals with acute clinical signs in 10 countries during 2009-2012. pasteurella multocida, mannheimia haemolytica and histophilus somni fro ... | 2016 | 27102206 |
| in vitro activity and rodent efficacy of clinafloxacin for bovine and swine respiratory disease. | clinafloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone that was originally developed and subsequently abandoned in the late 1990s as a human health antibiotic for respiratory diseases. the purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of clinafloxacin as a possible treatment for respiratory disease in cattle and pigs. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values were determined using clinical and laboratory standards institute recommended procedures with recent strains from the zoetis cultur ... | 2013 | 23785362 |
| estimation of nasal shedding and seroprevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease in australian live export cattle. | the prevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease (brd) was investigated in cattle prior to export. a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect nucleic acids from the following viruses and bacteria in nasal swab samples: bovine coronavirus (bocv; betacoronavirus 1), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv-3), his ... | 2015 | 25525134 |
| mortality of live export cattle on long-haul voyages: pathologic changes and pathogens. | the cause of death in 215 cattle on 20 long-haul live export voyages from australia to the middle east, russia, and china was investigated between 2010 and 2012 using gross, histologic, and/or molecular pathology techniques. a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) assay was used to detect nucleic acids from viruses and bacteria known to be associated with respiratory disease in cattle: bovine coronavirus (betacoronavirus 1), bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral dia ... | 2014 | 24518275 |
| northern ireland disease surveillance report, october to december 2015. | ·pneumonia and encephalitis due to histophilus somni in heifers ·pneumonia due to bibersteinia trehalosi in a cow ·fasciolosis in ewes and lambs ·dosing gun injuries in lambs ·histomonosis in chickens these are among matters discussed in the northern ireland animal disease surveillance quarterly report for october to december 2015. | 2016 | 26868239 |
| diversity of bacterial species in the nasal cavity of sheep in the highlands of ethiopia and first report of histophilus somni in the country. | a study was conducted to isolate bacterial species/pathogens from the nasal cavity of apparently healthy and pneumonic sheep. nasal swabs were collected aseptically, transported in tryptose soya broth and incubated for 24 h. then, each swab was streaked onto chocolate and blood agar for culture. bacterial species were identified following standard bacteriological procedures. accordingly, a total of 1,556 bacteria were isolated from 960 nasal swabs collected from three different highland areas of ... | 2013 | 23328945 |
| pasteurellaceae isolated from bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) from idaho, oregon, and wyoming. | to elucidate the species and biovariants of pasteurellaceae isolated from clinically normal bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) or bighorn sheep with evidence of respiratory disease. | 2012 | 22738054 |
| development of a one-run real-time pcr detection system for pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease complex. | bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) is frequently found in cattle worldwide. the etiology of brdc is complicated by infections with multiple pathogens, making identification of the causal pathogen difficult. here, we developed a detection system by applying taqman real-time pcr (dembo respiratory-pcr) to screen a broad range of microbes associated with brdc in a single run. we selected 16 bovine respiratory pathogens (bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine coronavirus, bovine parainfluenza vi ... | 2017 | 28070089 |
| structured literature review of responses of cattle to viral and bacterial pathogens causing bovine respiratory disease complex. | bovine respiratory disease (brd) is an economically important disease of cattle and continues to be an intensely studied topic. however, literature summarizing the time between pathogen exposure and clinical signs, shedding, and seroconversion is minimal. a structured literature review of the published literature was performed to determine cattle responses (time from pathogen exposure to clinical signs, shedding, and seroconversion) in challenge models using common brd viral and bacterial pathog ... | 2017 | 25929158 |
| association of histophilus somni with spontaneous abortions in dairy cattle herds from brazil. | this study investigated the participation of infectious agents in spontaneous abortions and reproductive problems at eight dairy cattle herds from three geographical regions of brazil. fourteen aborted fetuses and the organ sections of one cow with history of repeated abortions were received for pathological evaluations and molecular diagnostics. pcr/rt-pcr assays targeted specific genes of abortifacient agents of cattle: bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), listeri ... | 2015 | 25480485 |
| molecular characterization of encephalitic bovine listeriosis from southern brazil. | reports of bovine listeriosis in brazil are uncommon, being restricted to citations within retrospective studies, resulting in scarce documented information of this important disease of cattle. this manuscript describes the molecular findings associated with spontaneous encephalitic listeriosis in two steers from distinct herds within the state of paraná, southern brazil. both animals demonstrated altered consciousness suggestive of brain stem dysfunctions and died a few days after the initial o ... | 2014 | 23832703 |
| histophilus somni-induced infections in cattle from southern brazil. | the sudden death of three calves, one diarrheic calf, and one aborted fetus from four farms in southern brazil was investigated. two histophilus somni-associated syndromes were identified: systemic histophilosis (n = 4) and abortion (n = 1). the principal pathological findings included vasculitis, meningoencephalitis with thrombosis, necrotizing myocarditis, renal infarctions, hepatic abscesses, and bronchopneumonia. pcr assays were used to amplify specific amplicons of the ovine herpesvirus 2, ... | 2013 | 23526124 |
| coronavirus infection in intensively managed cattle with respiratory disease. | a detailed laboratory investigation identified bovine coronavirus (bcov) as the aetiological agent in an outbreak of respiratory disease at a semi-intensive beef cattle feedlot in south-east australia. the outbreak caused 30% morbidity in the resident population and also affected two cohorts of cattle that were newly introduced to the property. | 2012 | 23004228 |
| atypical cerebral listeriosis associated with listeria innocua in a beef bull. | natural infections of cattle associated with listeria innocua have not been reported. this report describes the first case of cerebral listeriosis in a bull due to listeria innocua. the animal presented neurological signs characterized by weakness, incoordination and recumbency. histopathologic evaluation of brain tissue revealed multifocal microabscesses, perivascular lymphocytic cuffing, vasculitis, oedema and haemorrhages. all lesions extended from the medulla oblongata to the basal nuclei/pa ... | 2013 | 22898534 |
| respiratory pathogens in québec dairy calves and their relationship with clinical status, lung consolidation, and average daily gain. | bovine respiratory disease (brd) is 1 of the 2 most important causes of morbidity and mortality in dairy calves. surprisingly, field data are scant concerning the prevalence of respiratory pathogens involved in brd in preweaned dairy calves, especially in small herds. | 2015 | 25619524 |
| co-infection with bovine herpesvirus 4 and histophilus somni significantly extends the service period in dairy cattle with purulent vaginal discharge. | the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4) and histophilus (h.) somni on fertility rate of cows in a hungarian holstein-friesian dairy herd with purulent vaginal discharge (pvd). non-pregnant cows (n = 188) with mature corpus luteum were treated with cloprostenol and 3 days later if they did not show oestrus, were examined by rectal palpation. animals showing pvd (n = 60/31.9%/) and 14 controls with normal vaginal discharge (score 0) were randomly selecte ... | 2016 | 26690881 |
| the bovine paranasal sinuses: bacterial flora, epithelial expression of nitric oxide and potential role in the in-herd persistence of respiratory disease pathogens. | the bovine paranasal sinuses are a group of complex cavernous air-filled spaces, lined by respiratory epithelium, the exact function of which is unclear. while lesions affecting these sinuses are occasionally reported in cattle, their microbial flora has not been defined. furthermore, given that the various bacterial and viral pathogens causing bovine respiratory disease (brd) persist within herds, we speculated that the paranasal sinuses may serve as a refuge for such infectious agents. the par ... | 2017 | 28282443 |
| pathogens, patterns of pneumonia, and epidemiologic risk factors associated with respiratory disease in recently weaned cattle in ireland. | we examined the pathogens, morphologic patterns, and risk factors associated with bovine respiratory disease (brd) in 136 recently weaned cattle ("weanlings"), 6-12 mo of age, that were submitted for postmortem examination to regional veterinary laboratories in ireland. a standardized sampling protocol included routine microbiologic investigations as well as polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. lungs with histologic lesions were categorized into 1 of 5 morphologic patterns of pneu ... | 2017 | 28074713 |
| a recombinant subunit vaccine for bovine rsv and histophilus somni protects calves against dual pathogen challenge. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and histophilus somni synergize to cause respiratory disease in cattle. these pathogens cause enhanced disease during dual-infection and an ige response to antigens of h. somni in dual-infected but not singly infected calves. vaccines containing whole inactivated brsv or h. somni have been associated with ige responses a vaccine strategy that avoids stimulation of ige antibodies would provide superior protection from dual infection. we hypothesized that ... | 2017 | 28274639 |
| host immune response to histophilus somni. | histophilus somni is known to cause several overlapping syndromes or to be found in genital or upper respiratory carrier states in ruminants. vaccines have been used for decades, yet efficacy is controversial and mechanisms of protective immunity are not well understood. since h. somni survives phagocytosis, it has sometimes been considered to be a facultative intercellular parasite, implying that cell-mediated immunity would be critical in protection. however, h. somni not only inhibits phagocy ... | 2016 | 26728062 |
| single pathogen challenge with agents of the bovine respiratory disease complex. | bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in cattle; costing the dairy and beef industries millions of dollars annually, despite the use of vaccines and antibiotics. brdc is caused by one or more of several viruses (bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpes type 1 also known as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, and bovine viral diarrhea virus), which predispose animals to infection with one or more bacteria. these include: pasteurella mul ... | 2015 | 26571015 |
| herd factors associated with dairy cow mortality. | summary studies of dairy cow removal indicate increasing levels of mortality over the past several decades. this poses a serious problem for the us dairy industry. the objective of this project was to evaluate associations between facilities, herd management practices, disease occurrence and death rates on us dairy operations through an analysis of the national animal health monitoring system's dairy 2007 survey. the survey included farms in 17 states that represented 79.5% of us dairy operation ... | 2015 | 25721925 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in cattle. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a cause of respiratory disease in cattle worldwide. it has an integral role in enzootic pneumonia in young dairy calves and summer pneumonia in nursing beef calves. furthermore, bovine rsv infection can predispose calves to secondary bacterial infection by organisms such as mannheimia haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, and histophilus somni, resulting in bovine respiratory disease complex, the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality among feed ... | 2014 | 24009269 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus and histophilus somni interaction at the alveolar barrier. | our previous studies showed that histophilus somni and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) act synergistically in vivo to cause more severe bovine respiratory disease than either agent alone causes. since h. somni surface and secreted immunoglobulin binding protein a (ibpa) causes retraction of bovine alveolar type 2 (bat2) cells and invasion between bat2 cells in vitro, we investigated mechanisms of brsv-plus-h. somni infection at the alveolar barrier. brsv treatment of bat2 cells prior t ... | 2013 | 23649093 |
| immunological function of familial mediterranean fever disease protein pyrin. | pyrin, encoded by mefv gene, is conserved in humans and mice. mutations in the mefv gene are associated with the human autoinflammatory disease familial mediterranean fever (fmf). pyrin can interact with the inflammasome adaptor asc and induce inflammatory caspase-1 activation in monocytic cells, but the physiological function of pyrin has been unknown for many years. here we summarize previous studies of pyrin function under the context of fmf and immunity, and discuss a recent study demonstrat ... | 2014 | 25307949 |
| innate immune sensing of bacterial modifications of rho gtpases by the pyrin inflammasome. | cytosolic inflammasome complexes mediated by a pattern recognition receptor (prr) defend against pathogen infection by activating caspase 1. pyrin, a candidate prr, can bind to the inflammasome adaptor asc to form a caspase 1-activating complex. mutations in the pyrin-encoding gene, mefv, cause a human autoinflammatory disease known as familial mediterranean fever. despite important roles in immunity and disease, the physiological function of pyrin remains unknown. here we show that pyrin mediat ... | 2014 | 24919149 |
| first report and histological features of chlamydia pecorum encephalitis in calves in new zealand. | between september and october 2013, 40 of 150 crossbred friesian dairy calves on a farm in the manawatu region of new zealand developed neurological signs when between 1 and 3 months of age. calves were grazed in multiple mobs and calves from each mob were affected. a variable response was observed to initial treatment with thiamine, fluoroquinolone antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. | 2016 | 27389524 |
| an in vitro method for evaluating endotoxic activity using prostaglandin e(2) induction in bovine peripheral blood. | severe side effects of veterinary vaccines, in particular histophilus somni-containing vaccines for cows, have frequently been reported in japan. these side effects are probably caused by endotoxins. contamination levels of endotoxins could be monitored using the limulus amebocyte lysate (lal) test; however, the lal test is not completely adequate for evaluation of in vivo endotoxic activities. in this study, we established a method for evaluating endotoxic activities using prostaglandin e2 (pge ... | 2013 | 23477739 |
| bactericidal activity of tracheal antimicrobial peptide against respiratory pathogens of cattle. | tracheal antimicrobial peptide (tap) is a β-defensin produced by mucosal epithelial cells of cattle. although effective against several human pathogens, the activity of this bovine peptide against the bacterial pathogens that cause bovine respiratory disease have not been reported. this study compared the antibacterial effects of synthetic tap against mannheimia haemolytica, histophilus somni, pasteurella multocida, and mycoplasma bovis. bactericidal activity against m. bovis was not detected. i ... | 2013 | 23333196 |
| histophilus somni genomics and genetics. | histophilus somni is a commensal and an opportunistic bacterial pathogen associated with multisystemic diseases in cattle and sheep. some strains of h. somni isolated from the genital tract of cattle are biochemically and serologically similar to the pathogenic strains, but are relatively innocuous. several virulence factors/mechanisms have been identified in h. somni, of which the phase-variable lipooligosaccharide, induction of apoptosis of host cells, intraphagocytic survival, and immunoglobu ... | 2016 | 26728065 |
| natural competence in histophilus somni strain 2336. | histophilus somni is an etiologic agent of shipping fever pneumonia, myocarditis, and other systemic diseases of bovines. virulence factors that have been identified in h. somni include biofilm formation, lipooligosaccharide phase variation, immunoglobulin binding proteins, survival in phagocytic cells, and many others. however, to identify the genes responsible for virulence, an efficient mutagenesis system is needed. mutagenesis of h. somni using allelic exchange is difficult, likely due to it ... | 2014 | 25218867 |
| the role of lipooligosaccharide phosphorylcholine in colonization and pathogenesis of histophilus somni in cattle. | histophilus somni is a gram-negative bacterium and member of the pasteurellaceae that is responsible for respiratory disease and other systemic infections in cattle. one of the bacterium's virulence factors is antigenic phase variation of its lipooligosaccharide (los). los antigenic variation may occur through variation in composition or structure of glycoses or their substitutions, such as phosphorylcholine (chop). however, the role of chop in the pathogenesis of h. somni disease has not been e ... | 2012 | 22676226 |
| the nasopharyngeal microbiota of beef cattle before and after transport to a feedlot. | the nasopharyngeal (np) microbiota plays an important role in bovine health, comprising a rich and diverse microbial community. the nasopharynx is also the niche for potentially pathogenic agents which are associated with bovine respiratory disease (brd), a serious and costly illness in feedlot cattle. we used 14 beef heifers from a closed and disease-free herd to assess the dynamics of the np microbiota of cattle that are transported to a feedlot. cattle were sampled prior to transport to the f ... | 2017 | 28330466 |
| comparison of the diagnostic performance of bacterial culture of nasopharyngeal swab and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples obtained from calves with bovine respiratory disease. | objective to compare predictive values, extent of agreement, and gamithromycin susceptibility between bacterial culture results of nasopharyngeal swab (nps) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) samples obtained from calves with bovine respiratory disease (brd). animals 28 beef calves with clinical brd. procedures pooled bilateral nps samples and balf samples were obtained for bacterial culture from calves immediately before and at various times during the 5 days after gamithromycin (6 mg/kg, ... | 2017 | 28240958 |
| effect of histophilus somni on heart and brain microvascular endothelial cells. | histophilus somni is a pathogenic gram-negative bacterium responsible for pneumonia and septicemia in cattle. sequelae include infectious thrombotic meningoencephalitis (itme), myocarditis, arthritis, and abortion. these syndromes are associated with widespread vasculitis and thrombosis, implicating a role for endothelium in pathogenesis. histopathologic and immunohistochemical investigation of 10 natural cases of bovine h. somni myocarditis and 1 case of itme revealed intravascular h. somni in ... | 2017 | 28178428 |
| observations on macrolide resistance and susceptibility testing performance in field isolates collected from clinical bovine respiratory disease cases. | the objectives of this study were; first, to describe gamithromycin susceptibility of mannheimia haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, and histophilus somni isolated from cattle diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease (brd) and previously treated with either gamithromycin for control of brd (mass medication=mm) or sham-saline injected (control=con); second, to describe the macrolide resistance genes present in genetically typed m. haemolytica isolates; third, use whole-genome sequencing (wgs) to ... | 2016 | 27527782 |
| histophilus somni was first identified as a bovine pathogen. introduction. | | 2016 | 27336090 |
| clinical disease and lung lesions in calves experimentally inoculated with histophilus somni five days after metaphylactic administration of tildipirosin or tulathromycin. | to compare clinical disease and lung lesions in calves experimentally inoculated with histophilus somni 5 days after metaphylactic administration of tildipirosin or tulathromycin. animals twenty-four 3-month-old holstein and holstein-crossbreed steers. | 2016 | 27027834 |
| exopolysaccharide production and biofilm formation by histophilus somni. | the biofilm matrix of histophilus somni is a complex architecture that differs substantially in structure between a pathogenic and commensal isolate examined. overall, most pathogenic isolates produce more biofilm than commensal isolates. a major component of the biofilm is exopolysaccharide (eps), which is also produced in greater quantity in the pathogenic isolate than in the commensal isolate studied. the eps is composed of a d-mannan polymer, with occasional galactose residues present on sid ... | 2016 | 26853691 |
| histophilosis as a natural disease. | histophilus somni is responsible for sporadic disease worldwide in cattle and, to a lesser extent, in small ruminants, bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), and north american bison (bison bison). the importance of h. somni diseases can be attributed to improved clinical and laboratory recognition, combined with the growth in intensive management practices for cattle. although outbreaks of bovine histophilosis can occur year-round, in northern and southern hemispheres, it is most frequent in late fal ... | 2016 | 26847357 |
| taxonomy of histophilus somni. | histophilus somni was proposed in 2003 as a common name for bacteria that earlier had been called "haemophilus somni", "haemophilus agni", "haemophilus somnifer", and "histophilus ovis". the species is clearly separated from other species and genera within the family pasteurellaceae. the species is phenotypically variable, but highly uniform regarding the 16s rdna sequence. whole-genome sequencing has revealed distinct genetic differences between a commensal and a pathogenic strain, particularly ... | 2016 | 26847356 |
| the many facets of lipooligosaccharide as a virulence factor for histophilus somni. | the lipooligosaccharide (los) of histophilus somni is a multifaceted molecule that provides critical protection to the bacterium against host defenses, may act as an adhesin, and like similar molecules of gram-negative bacteria, is an endotoxin that signals through toll-like receptor 4 and nf-κb to cause inflammation. the lipid a component is responsible for the endotoxic and apoptotic activity of the los. the h. somni los lacks o-side chains typically characteristic of gram-negative bacteria th ... | 2016 | 26814887 |
| interactions of histophilus somni with host cells. | histophilus somni resides as part of the normal microflora in the upper respiratory tract of healthy cattle. from this site, the organism can make its way into the lower respiratory tract, where it is one of the important bacterial agents of the respiratory disease complex. if h. somni cells disseminate to the bloodstream, they frequently result in thrombus formation. a series of in vitro investigations have examined potential mechanisms that might contribute to such thrombus formation. earlier ... | 2016 | 26728064 |
| histophilus somni surface proteins. | the pathogen surface is usually the first site of interaction with the host. histophilus somni was earlier thought to only have an outer membrane on its surface. now it is known that the surface is composed of many virulence factors, including outer membrane proteins, lipooligosaccharide or endotoxin, a fibrillar network, and an exopolysaccharide. outer membrane blebs, endotoxin, the fibrillar network, and the exopolysaccharide are also shed from the surface. this review will focus on the surfac ... | 2016 | 26728061 |