| [occurrence of nose tumors in cattle]. | | 1972 | 5073098 |
| [gamma glutamyl carboxypeptidase from chicken pancreas]. | | 1972 | 5073874 |
| properties and purification of n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase from staphylococcus aureus h. | the principal autolytic enzyme activity of the cell sap of staphylococcus aureus h has been purified 400-fold. it is an n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase. this enzyme has a molecular weight of 8 to 10 x 10(5), a ph optimum of 7.3, an ionic strength optimum of 0.16 m and a k(m) of 10(-3)m murein repeating units. | 1972 | 5086664 |
| [a case report of vibrio vulnificus infection with successful treatment]. | | 1984 | 6086784 |
| siderophore production by vibrio vulnificus. | previous studies in our laboratory, as well as clinical evidence, have suggested that increased iron levels in the host may be important in infections caused by the halophilic pathogen vibrio vulnificus. to study iron acquisition, we induced siderophore production by growth in a low-iron medium, and biochemical testing indicated the production of both hydroxamate- and phenolate-type siderophores. the siderophores were extracted from growth filtrates with ethyl acetate (for phenolates) and phenol ... | 1983 | 6223882 |
| collagenolytic activity of vibrio vulnificus: potential contribution to its invasiveness. | vibrio vulnificus (lactose-positive vibrio) produced collagenase when grown in 2% synthetic sea salts supplemented with hydrolyzed casein. the addition of collagen or peptone to the medium increased the level of collagenase production. collagenase activity was inhibited by edta but not by fetal calf serum. | 1982 | 6279515 |
| [a case of hepatoma associated with vibrio vulnificus bacteremia and its bacteriological findings]. | | 1982 | 6290579 |
| vibrio vulnificus septicemia. isolation of organism from stool and demonstration of antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. | vibrio vulnificus was isolated from blood and stool cultures from a 65-year-old man who had underlying alcoholic liver disease. the patient had eaten raw oysters the day before he became ill. to our knowledge, this is the first published report of isolation of the organism from stool in a patient with primary septicemia, and it provides support for epidemiologic studies suggesting that the infection is acquired through the gastrointestinal tract by eating raw seafood containing the organism. it ... | 1983 | 6340632 |
| vibrio hand infections: a case report and review of the literature. | a case of vibrio vulnificus infection of the hand is presented. the role of vibrio species as primary pathogens in infections associated with exposure to a marine environment is discussed. | 1984 | 6386958 |
| [case of bacteremic phlegmon due to vibrio vulnificus]. | | 1983 | 6420485 |
| protection of mice against vibrio vulnificus disease by vaccination with surface antigen preparations and anti-surface antigen antisera. | vaccination of mice with either formalin-killed cells or cell extracts of a virulent strain and a weakly virulent strain of vibrio vulnificus or with rabbit antisera (as) against the formalin-killed cells and cell extracts protected against the virulent strain of v. vulnificus. however, the virulent strain vaccines and as elicited a significantly stronger immune response than the weakly virulent strain vaccines and as. adsorption of the as with either the homologous or heterologous formalin-kill ... | 1984 | 6469346 |
| halophilic vibrio species from seafish in senegal. | sucrose-positive and sucrose-negative halophilic vibrio species at counts of up to 10(7)/100 g were isolated from muscles tissue in 27 and 43%, respectively, of 128 seafish from coastal waters in senegal. vibrio parahaemolyticus, including 21% urease-positive strains, was the most common isolate, followed by vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, vibrio damsela, and vibrio fluvialis. | 1984 | 6476829 |
| nucleotide base sequence of vibrionaceae 5 s rrna. | nucleotide base sequences of 5 s rrnas isolated from vibrio vulnificus, vibrio anguillarum, and aeromonas hydrophila were determined. comparisons among these and sequences of 5 s rrnas from other species of vibrionaceae provide information useful in the evaluation of the evolution of bacterial species. | 1984 | 6479333 |
| resistance of vibrio vulnificus to serum bactericidal and opsonizing factors: relation to virulence in suckling mice and humans. | vibrio vulnificus causes soft-tissue infections, gastrointestinal disease, and severe sepsis in humans. bacterial and host factors in virulence have remained poorly defined. we found that blood culture isolates of v. vulnificus were completely resistant to the bactericidal effects of 10% normal human serum, in contrast to soft-tissue and environmental isolates that showed a mean 2.6 log10 decline during 120 min of incubation. following opsonization by 10% normal human serum, mean uptake of blood ... | 1984 | 6481186 |
| vibrio vulnificus endometritis. | vibrio vulnificus most frequently causes wound infections contracted after exposure to seawater or primary septicemias resulting from the consumption of raw oysters. we report a case of endometritis caused by v. vulnificus. the infection was apparently acquired during the act of sexual intercourse in seawater in an area in which v. vulnificus has been frequently isolated. the efficacy of treatment with an antimicrobial regimen which included tetracycline is discussed. | 1984 | 6490813 |
| necrotising fasciitis caused by vibrio vulnificus. | a case of necrotising fasciitis caused by vibrio vulnificus is described. the need for early recognition and aggressive surgical treatment are highlighted, and the necrotising infections due to v vulnificus described in the published work are reviewed. | 1984 | 6501592 |
| evidence for the presence of a capsule in vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus strain fcc, isolated from a patient with a wound infection, and reference strain atcc 27562, were examined by electron microscopy for the presence of capsules. both strains had a layer heavily stained with ruthenium red. the number of stained cells was high in strain fcc and low in strain atcc 27562. the proportion of stained cells correlated with virulence against mice and with susceptibility to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum. rapid freezing and substitution f ... | 1984 | 6512503 |
| on the serology of vibrio vulnificus. | the serology of 70 strains of vibrio vulnificus was studied. seven o-antigenic groups were defined among them and it was shown that the h antigens of all the strains were identical. a heat-labile masked antigen, which inhibits o agglutination, was found in some strains. as all o antisera for v. vulnificus contained some r antibody, all diagnostic o sera must be absorbed with r organisms before use. | 1984 | 6536784 |
| vibrio vulnificus. a gastronomic hazard. | | 1983 | 6572281 |
| spectrum of vibrio infections in a gulf coast community. | infection with vibrio species was diagnosed in 23 patients over a 10-year period in a gulf coast community. species isolated were vibrio vulnificus, v. cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus, and v. alginolyticus. clinical presentations included diarrhea, wound infection, and bacteremia. gastrointestinal tract infection was infrequently diagnosed, despite the routine use of stool culture media appropriate for vibrio isolation. bacteremic infections were severe and occurred only in patients with underlyin ... | 1983 | 6625378 |
| [vibrio vulnificus]. | | 1983 | 6635466 |
| differential complement activation and susceptibility to human serum bactericidal action by vibrio species. | the ability of vibrio vulnificus to resist human serum bactericidal action and to activate human complement was compared with similar cultures of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus. both v. vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus had similar survival rates in sera and were much more resistant to killing than was v. cholerae. in contrast, v. vulnificus activated significantly less serum complement than did v. cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus. the relative ability of v. vulnificus to survive i ... | 1983 | 6642665 |
| [fatal vibrio vulnificus infection in a patient with aplastic anemia]. | the patient was a 59-year-old man who had been in hospital suffering from aplastic anemia with transfusion hemosiderosis. sudden onset of weakness, shaking chills and headache was observed after his staying out overnight on july 25, 1981. his temperature was 39.3 degrees c and he complained of abdominal pain and abdominal distension. his blood pressure dropped to a dangerous level and tonic convulsions that had begun in the upper body gradually extended to the whole body and he died 23 hours aft ... | 1983 | 6679624 |
| comparative studies and laboratory diagnosis of vibrio vulnificus, an invasive vibrio sp. | vibrio vulnificus was isolated from a bacteremic patient. this strain, together with other isolates of v. vulnificus, was compared with v. alginolyticus, v. fluvialis, and v. parahaemolyticus with regard to growth characteristics on enteric agar media (enabling isolation and identification) and production of exoenzymes which could correlate with invasive potential. v. vulnificus grew well on macconkey. endo, xylose-lysine deoxycholate, and hektoen enteric agar plates. because v. vulnificus colon ... | 1984 | 6699140 |
| wound infections caused by vibrio vulnificus, a marine vibrio, in inland areas of the united states. | vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic marine vibrio which may produce infection in wounds exposed to seawater or raw shellfish. the centers for disease control has received two isolates from wounds exposed to inland waters, a new mexico creek and an oklahoma reservoir. halophilic organisms were recovered from both the creek and the reservoir, and the water in both sites was found to be brackish. both clinical isolates of v. vulnificus grew in salt concentrations as low as those found in the creek an ... | 1984 | 6699148 |
| cytolytic activity and virulence of vibrio damsela. | a correlation was observed between the ability of 19 isolates of vibrio damsela, a halophilic bacterium recently recognized as a human pathogen, to cause disease in mice and to produce large amounts of a cytolytic toxin in vitro. the yield of toxin in the culture supernatant fluids was optimal during the mid- and late-logarithmic phases of growth in medium containing 0.5% na+ ion, was stable during the stationary growth phase, and was significantly reduced in culture medium containing greater th ... | 1984 | 6715036 |
| clinical features and an epidemiological study of vibrio vulnificus infections. | vibrio vulnificus, a recently described halophilic vibrio species, has been isolated from the blood, wounds, and other skin lesions of patients with primary sepsis or wound infections. because no study of risk factors for infections with v vulnificus has been reported, a case-control study was performed with the 30 patients from whom v vulnificus isolates were recently submitted to the centers for disease control (atlanta, georgia). patients with primary sepsis were more likely than controls to ... | 1984 | 6725989 |
| role of heme compounds and haptoglobin in vibrio vulnificus pathogenicity. | an induced peritonitis model was employed in mice to determine whether heme-containing molecules enhance the lethality of infections by vibrio vulnificus. the lethality of intraperitoneal (ip) inocula of the bacteria was increased by concurrent injections (ip) of hemoglobin, methemoglobin, or hematin, but not by myoglobin. similar results were obtained in mice with phenylhydrazine-induced hemoglobinemia, in which after ip injections of v. vulnificus, a direct correlation between lethality and le ... | 1984 | 6746093 |
| extracellular phospholipase a2 and lysophospholipase produced by vibrio vulnificus. | phospholipase a2 and lysophospholipase activities were detected in the culture supernatant fluids of a virulent strain of vibrio vulnificus. the phospholipase a2 was inactivated by heating at 56 degrees c for 30 min, had an apparent molecular weight of greater than or equal to 80,000 (estimated by gel filtration with sephadex g-75), and a pi of ca. 5.0. phospholipid hydrolysis was unaffected by ca2+ or ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-n,n-tetraacetic acid and was optimal at ph 5.0 to 5 ... | 1984 | 6746100 |
| vibrio vulnificus septicaemia. | a patient, who had been receiving treatment for refractory anaemia with excess of myeloblasts for three years, developed septic shock due to vibrio vulnificus septicaemia. the infection was believed to have been introduced with the ingestion of raw oysters. this organism is comparatively rare, but it can cause serious infection, and is known to be capable of very rapid tissue invasion. | 1984 | 6749004 |
| statistical evaluation of a quality control method for isolation of pathogenic vibrio species on selected thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agars. | the recovery of vibrio cholerae, vibrio fluvialis, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus, employing eight strains of each species, was studied by using four brands of thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (tcbs) agar prepared according to manufacturers' instructions and following a standardized procedure. a standardized broth inoculum of each strain was placed on duplicate plates of each brand of tcbs agar and also on tryptic soy agar (difco laboratories) containing 1% (wt/vol) nacl, t ... | 1982 | 6761362 |
| vibrio vulnificus (lactose-positive vibrio) and vibrio parahaemolyticus differ in their susceptibilities to human serum. | eleven vibrio vulnificus (lactose-positive vibrio) strains were less susceptible to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum or serum treated with magnesium-ethyleneglycol-bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-n,n'-tetraacetic acid than were six vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. | 1981 | 6788703 |
| [clinical and bacteriological studies on a case with infectious disease caused by vibrio vulnificus]. | | 1982 | 6819326 |
| marine noncholera vibrio infections in florida. | in the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of reported cases of clinical illness from noncholera (marine) vibrio infections, leading to a greater recognition of this potentially lethal disease. the wide spectrum of pathogenicity of this organism is reflected in the six cases in this report, varying from simple gastroenteritis to focal necrotizing cellulitis to fatal septicemia. we have reviewed the fundamental clinical differences between vibrio vulnificus and other non ... | 1983 | 6828895 |
| extraintestinal infections due to halophilic vibrios. | to compare the clinical and epidemiologic features, we reviewed the hospital records and interviewed 18 patients with extraintestinal infections caused by three species of halophilic vibrios. vibrio vulnificus, the organism most frequently isolated in virginia during the six-year study period, caused primary septicemia in three patients. fifteen patients had soft tissue infections, most of which followed injuries that were contaminated by seawater and mostly caused by v vulnificus and v parahaem ... | 1983 | 6844963 |
| distribution of vibrio vulnificus and other lactose-fermenting vibrios in the marine environment. | during the summer of 1981, 3,887 sucrose-negative vibrios were isolated from seawater, sediment, plankton, and animal samples taken from 80 sites from miami, fla., to portland, maine. of these, 4.2% were able to ferment lactose. the lactose-positive strains isolated from the various samples correlated positively with ph and turbidity of the water, vibrios in the sediment and oysters, and total bacterial counts in oysters. negative correlations were obtained for water salinity. numerical taxonomy ... | 1983 | 6847190 |
| antibiotic efficacy against vibrio vulnificus in the mouse: superiority of tetracycline. | seven antimicrobial agents, all effective against vibrio vulnificus in vitro, were compared for in vivo efficacy in mice experimentally infected with v. vulnificus strain b3547. mice were injected s.c. with 1 x 10(8) cells, and i.p. injection of antimicrobials was begun 1.5 hr later when mice were bacteremic and had edematous lesions at the injection site. the study was done in two phases. phase i was a dose-ranging experiment, using single injections within the range (on a body weight-adjusted ... | 1983 | 6864521 |
| new selective plating medium for isolation of vibrio vulnificus biogroup 1. | a new plating medium (vv agar) has been developed as an alternative to thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (tcbs) agar for the isolation of vibrio vulnificus. salicin (2% wt/vol) is employed as the source of carbohydrate, with potassium tellurite (0.0005% wt/vol), crystal violet (0.00015% wt/vol), oxgall (0.8% wt/vol), and a ph of 8.6 to inhibit growth of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms other than v. vulnificus. because strains of v. vulnificus do not strongly ferment salicin in vv ... | 1983 | 6874897 |
| vibrio vulnificus infection. case report and update since 1970. | vibrio vulnificus infections is being reported with increasing frequency in coastal regions of the united states. raw seafood consumption, particularly raw oysters, and wounds acquired in a marine environment predispose to infection. patients with advanced liver disease are at increased risk of developing septicemia. v. vulnificus is a virulent pathogen producing significant morbidity and mortality; its virulence relates in part to the production of exotoxin. skin lesions occur early in the clin ... | 1983 | 6886115 |
| detection of extracellular toxin(s) produced by vibrio vulnificus. | conditions are described for the production, in high titers, a heat-labile, antigenic, extracellular toxin(s) by vibrio vulnificus, a recently recognized human pathogen. bacteriologically sterile culture filtrate preparations obtained from mid-logarithmic-phase cultures of the bacterium possessed cytolytic activity against mammalian erythrocytes, cytotoxic activity for chinese hamster ovary cells, vascular permeability factor activity in guinea pig skin, and lethal activity for mice. the specifi ... | 1981 | 7024134 |
| diluent composition for use of api 20e in characterizing marine and estuarine bacteria. | nine chemically defined inoculation diluents, with compositions ranging from 0.85% nacl to 35% marine salts, were used to evaluate the influence of diluent composition on the biochemical profiles of 30 marine and estuarine bacterial strains, including species of vibrio, aeromonas, allomonas, and photobacterium. results demonstrated that a 20% marine salts diluent enabled the characterization of halophilic strains normally nonreactive by the api 20e system. furthermore, the use of 20% marine salt ... | 1982 | 7125655 |
| vibrio vulnificus biogroup 2: new biogroup pathogenic for eels. | clinical and nonclinical isolates of the lactose-positive vibrio vulnificus were compared with vibrio strains isolated from lesions on eels (anguilla japonica) cultured commercially in japan. strains were compared phenotypically and antigenically, for pathogenicity to mice and eels, and for genetic relatedness. the strains isolated from diseased eels differed phenotypically from the original species description of v. vulnificus in that they were negative for indole production, ornithine decarbox ... | 1982 | 7138004 |
| disease caused by a marine vibrio--vibrio vulnificus. | | 1982 | 7144852 |
| distribution and ecology of vibrio vulnificus and other lactose-fermenting marine vibrios in coastal waters of the southeastern united states. | water, sediment, plankton, and animal samples from five coastal sites from north carolina to georgia were sampled for their lactose-fermenting vibrio populations. over 20% of all vibrios tested were sucrose negative and o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (onpg) positive, suggesting identification as the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus. these vibrios were isolated from all sample sites and sources (water, sediment, plankton, and animals). correlations with several of 19 environmental paramet ... | 1982 | 7159083 |
| isolation and characterization of vibrio vulnificus from two florida estuaries. | vibrio vulnificus was enumerated in seawater and shellfish from two florida estuaries at selected seasonal intervals. there were significant fluctuations in the presence and numbers of v. vulnificus. relatively high seawater temperature and salinity favored the presence of v. vulnificus in both seawater and shellfish samples. | 1982 | 7159088 |
| vibrio vulnificus septicemia in a patient with liver cirrhosis. | | 1982 | 7187150 |
| lethal cold stress of vibrio vulnificus in oysters. | studies were conducted on the survival of vibrio vulnificus, an estuarine human pathogen, in oyster homogenates held at 4 degrees c. results indicated a rapid and dramatic decrease in viability not attributable to either cold shock or the oyster homogenate alone but to a combination of the two. such a decline was not observed with vibrio parahaemolyticus. chilled v. vulnificus cells were unable to repair themselves in brain heart infusion broth at 37 degrees c. v. vulnificus cells incubated on w ... | 1981 | 7224632 |
| acute bacterial myositis caused by vibrio vulnificus. | | 1981 | 7241733 |
| edema and hemoconcentration in mice experimentally infected with vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus (lactose-positive vibrio), a recently recognized pathogenic marine species, produced extreme hemoconcentration and death within 3 to 6 h after subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection of 10(8) viable cells into mice; hemotocrit values approached 70% (normal, 45%). about 1 ml of edema fluid accumulated at the site of each subcutaneous injection, and locally increased vascular permeability was demonstrated by a skin bluing assay, using evans blue dye. a corresponding fluid accum ... | 1981 | 7251164 |
| wound infection and septic shock due to vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus is an organism commonly found in the marine environment whose pathogenic potential for humans has been recently recognized. two patients are described who developed rapidly progressing wound infections and bacteremia due to this halophilic, lactose-positive vibrio. the clinical manifestations of the resulting infection differed from patterns reported by other authors. | 1981 | 7258496 |
| interaction of vibrio vulnificus with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: association of virulence with resistance to phagocytosis. | the results of studies described in this report support the ideas that virulence of vibrio vulnificus is associated, at least in part, with resistance to phagocytosis and that the ability of the bacterium to resist phagocytosis results from its possession of an antiphagocytic surface antigen. these conclusions are based on the observations that (1) human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnls) exhibited a significantly weaker chemiluminescent response and phagocytic response when interacting with a ... | 1981 | 7276636 |
| hemolytic reaction of clinical and environmental strains of vibrio vulnificus. | all vibrio vulnificus strains tested (four clinical isolates and eight environmental isolates) hemolyzed human erythrocytes. in contrast to findings with vibrio parahaemolyticus, in which hemolytic activity correlates with isolation from clinical specimens, results from the present study suggest that hemolysis is not usefull in differentiating v. vulnificus strains. | 1981 | 7287896 |
| role of iron in the pathogenesis of vibrio vulnificus infections. | infections with vibrio vulnificus resulting in septicemia and high mortality have been correlated with pre-existing liver disease and hemochromatosis. as these conditions are associated with impaired iron metabolism and as iron availability in the host has been implicated in the pathogenicity of a number of bacterial infections, the role of iron as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of v. vulnificus was examined. injection of mice with iron resulted in a lowering of the 50% lethal dose from 1 ... | 1981 | 7309236 |
| winner of the theodore e. woodward clinical award. monster of the chesapeake bay--vibrio vulnificus. | | 1995 | 7483178 |
| lower extremity manifestations of vibrio vulnificus infection. | vibrio vulnificus is a potentially lethal marine bacterium that has not been previously described in podiatric literature. a review of the microorganism's characteristics, susceptible patient population, and lower extremity manifestations of infection is presented. v. vulnificus is found as part of the normal flora of the gulf of mexico, atlantic, and pacific coastal waters and is often isolated from the filter feeding shellfish of these regions. its pathogenicity is generally reserved for the i ... | 1995 | 7488992 |
| enumeration of vibrio vulnificus on membrane filters with a fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probe specific for kingdom-level 16s rrna sequences. | vibrio vulnificus was enumerated on membrane filters after hybridization with a fluorescent oligonucleotide eubacterial probe. cells were hybridized in liquid buffer or directly on membrane filters. there was no significant difference between fluorescent oligonucleotide direct counts and acridine orange direct counts (p > 0.05). liquid buffer hybridization was preferable to direct filter hybridization. | 1993 | 7504431 |
| vibrio vulnificus may produce a metalloprotease causing an edematous skin lesion in vivo. | vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic human pathogen, secretes a metalloprotease which has been suspected of being the causative factor for edematous skin lesions. the antibody against alpha-macroglobulin, the sole plasma inactivator of v. vulnificus metalloprotease, delayed clearance of the protease administered into dorsal skin, and increased the edema-forming ability of living bacterial cells. the derivative of the protease, which is resistant to the inactivating action of alpha-macroglobulin, ... | 1994 | 7523241 |
| sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for vibrio vulnificus hemolysin to detect v. vulnificus in environmental specimens. | vibrio vulnificus hemolysin, purified by quantitative isoelectric focusing, was used to prepare rabbit and goat anti-hemolysin. the resulting antibodies were used as capture and detector antibody reagents in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect v. vulnificus in environmental samples. by this technique, 4 laboratory-maintained v. vulnificus strains and 33 environmental v. vulnificus isolates were detected. also, the technique distinguished five other vibrio species from ... | 1995 | 7574583 |
| oxidative metabolism in nonculturable helicobacter pylori and vibrio vulnificus cells studied by substrate-enhanced tetrazolium reduction and digital image processing. | growing and nonculturable cells of helicobacter pylori and vibrio vulnificus were studied for the capacity to reduce tetrazolium salts in order to elucidate the possible physiological basis for the proposed "viable but nonculturable" (vnc) state. initial difficulties in obtaining consistent reduction of rho-iodonitrotetrazolium violet (int) by h. pylori led us to develop a method for studying the effect of adding exogenous substrates on these reactions. the established procedure provided a profi ... | 1995 | 7574647 |
| nested pcr method for rapid and sensitive detection of vibrio vulnificus in fish, sediments, and water. | a nested pcr for the detection of vibrio vulnificus in fish farms was developed as an alternative to cultural methods by using universal primers flanking the v. vulnificus-specific sequences directed against 23s rrna genes. this specific assay detected 10 fg of dna or 12 to 120 cells in artificially inoculated samples without enrichment and within 24 h. | 1995 | 7574657 |
| induction of cold-responsive proteins in vibrio vulnificus. | we have studied the response of vibrio vulnificus to temperature shifts (23 to 13 degrees c) within the organism's permissive growth range. cold shift induced a diminution in protein synthesis. following a short lag, cells began growth at a new rate. forty proteins were induced by this downshift. | 1995 | 7608088 |
| in vivo resuscitation, and virulence towards mice, of viable but nonculturable cells of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium responsible for 95% of all seafood-related deaths in the united states. the bacterium occurs naturally in molluscan shellfish, and ingestion of raw oysters is typically the source of human infection. v. vulnificus is also known to enter a viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state, wherein the cells are no longer culturable on routine plating media but can be shown to remain viable. whether or not this human pathogen remains virulent when entering the vbnc ... | 1995 | 7618873 |
| entry into, and resuscitation from, the viable but nonculturable state by vibrio vulnificus in an estuarine environment. | using plate counts, total cell counts, and direct viable counts, we examined the fate of cells of vibrio vulnificus placed into natural estuarine waters during both winter and summer months. cells inoculated into membrane diffusion chambers and placed into estuarine waters entered into a viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state in january and february, when the water temperatures were low (average, < 15 degrees c). in contrast, when cells in the vbnc state were placed into the same waters in the wa ... | 1995 | 7618874 |
| capsular polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines of carbotype 1 vibrio vulnificus: construction, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in a murine model. | vibrio vulnificus causes septicemia and wound infections in immunocompromised humans. the capsular polysaccharide of vibrio vulnificus (vvps) is critical for virulence. we synthesized conjugate vaccines of carbotype 1 vvps under conditions and in formulations suitable for human use. purified vvps was conjugated to tetanus toxoid (tt) or to inactivated v. vulnificus cytolysin or elastase by two different schemes. all conjugates elicited elevated anticapsular immunoglobulin g (igg) and igm and ant ... | 1995 | 7622211 |
| vibrio vulnificus sepsis in solid organ transplantation: a medical nemesis. | we report two cases of vibrio vulnificus wound infection leading to fulminant sepsis syndrome in immunocompromised solid organ transplant recipients. features of clinical presentation in each of these cases suggest that host immune factors are of great importance in the virulence of this organism and that immunocompromised recipients of solid organ transplants are particularly vulnerable to life-threatening consequences from infection with vibrio vulnificus. prompt institution of antibiotic ther ... | 1995 | 7654744 |
| cloning and genetic analysis of the vibrio vulnificus fur gene and construction of a fur mutant by in vivo marker exchange. | vibrio vulnificus infections have been associated with iron overload and preexisting liver disease. iron may play a major role in the pathogenesis of v. vulnificus infections. many virulence genes, as well as genes involved in the transport of iron by bacteria, are regulated by iron, with increased expression under low-iron conditions. in escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae, transcriptional regulation by iron depends on the fur gene. we utilized southern hybridization under low- and high-string ... | 1993 | 7678593 |
| chemical modification of vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease with activated polyethylene glycol. | vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic human pathogen causing septicemia, produces a metalloprotease which is suspected to be a virulence determinant, but which is labile in vivo due to inactivation by alpha-macroglobulin. to obtain a derivative which is stable in vivo, the metalloprotease was modified with activated monomethoxy polyethylene glycol. the modified protease retained full activity to a peptide substrate and 10-20% activity to protein substrates, and was resistant to entrapment by alpha ... | 1993 | 7682528 |
| effect of osmotic variation on the outer membrane proteins of vibrio vulnificus: identification of a major heat-modifiable protein. | cells of the moderately halophilic bacterium vibrio vulnificus showed marked morphological changes, manifested primarily by pronounced cell elongation when grown in a defined medium with increased salt concentrations of 0.5 to 2.0%. these morphological changes were not accompanied by changes in outer membrane proteins (omp). a similar lack of omp variation was observed when cells were grown in heart infusion broth containing 1-2% nacl. osmotic upshock during growth also had no effect on omp prof ... | 1994 | 7700159 |
| isolation and characterization of three porin-like proteins from vibrio vulnificus: effect of different growth media on their production. | the effect of the culture media on the composition of the outer membrane protein of vibrio vulnificus strain 393 from human blood was examined. only one major outer membrane protein, with an apparent molecular weight of 37,000 (37k protein) and 34,000 (34k protein), was formed in the cells grown in 3% nacl-bhi broth and chemically defined medium, respectively. the production of one major outer membrane protein was also observed in other isolates from humans and asari clam when they were grown in ... | 1994 | 7723685 |
| vibrio vulnificus wound infections from the mississippi gulf coastal waters: june to august 1993. | vibrio vulnificus, part of the normal marine flora of the gulf of mexico, is being increasingly recognized as an important human pathogen. v vulnificus contamination of superficial wounds can cause a severe, rapidly progressive, necrotizing cellulitis with bullous skin lesions that may require surgical debridement and is occasionally fatal. we summarize information about six cases of v vulnificus wound infection reported to the mississippi state department of health from june to august 1993. fiv ... | 1995 | 7732441 |
| possible interference of lactose-fermenting marine vibrios in coliform beta-d-galactosidase assays. | an investigation into possible interferences in beta-d-galactosidase-based assays for coliform bacteria in marine waters was carried out. a rapid instrumental fluorescence assay for beta-d-galactosidase activity, using 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-galactoside as a substrate, was used to investigate activities of this enzyme in non-coliform bacterial isolates from coastal waters. only 2% of isolates showed slight enzyme activity after a 1-h incubation period at 44.5 degrees c. at a lower incubatio ... | 1995 | 7744725 |
| [clinical bacteriological analysis of vibrio vulnificus infection--a report of five case]. | clinical features in vibrio infection are generally represented by gastrointestinal involvements such as food poisoning, and its prognosis is usually good. however, vibrio vulnificus infection not uncommonly causes serious problems including sepsis, necrotizing fasciitis of the extremities, and other conditions, sometimes resulting in fatal outcome. in the present study, we analyzed clinical microbiological aspects of five cases with v. vulnificus infection. all the strains of v. vulnificus isol ... | 1995 | 7745292 |
| in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of vibrio vulnificus isolated in taiwan. | | 1995 | 7758487 |
| [severe systemic infection with vibrio vulnificus]. | infections with vibrio vulnificus are not common in denmark, but in 1994 several cases were identified, probably due to the very hot weather conditions, with seawater temperatures above 20 degrees c. two cases of infection with v. vulnificus are presented. | 1995 | 7770985 |
| isolation of bacteriophage infectious for vibrio vulnificus. | nine phage isolates infectious for vibrio vulnificus and falling into four morphological groups were isolated from estuarine waters collected in louisiana. of the 60 v. vulnificus strains tested, 87% were susceptible to one or more of the isolates. with the exception of v. fluvialis, vibrio species other than vulnificus were resistant to infection. a spectrum of enteric bacterial strains were similarly resistant. susceptibility differences were seen between opaque (virulent) v. vulnificus strain ... | 1995 | 7773100 |
| fatal vibrio parahemolyticus septicemia in a patient with cirrhosis. a case report and review of the literature. | vibrio parahemolyticus has been well documented to cause outbreaks of infectious diarrhea, usually related to poor food handling; only rarely has it been reported to cause fetal septicemia. in contrast, vibrio vulnificus is a well-known cause of septicemia, especially in patients with cirrhosis. a 31-year-old woman with cirrhosis who developed fatal v. parahemolyticus sepsis after ingesting raw seafood is described. we review the clinical syndromes associated with sepsis caused by these two orga ... | 1995 | 7781443 |
| first documented case of bacteremia with vibrio vulnificus in sweden. | a few days after a mild trauma to a toe, a 90-year-old woman presented with fever, malaise and cellulitis. on suspicion of erysipelas the patient was initially treated with benzylpenicillin and cefuroxime. her general condition improved rapidly, but there was local progression with numerous necrotic areas with surrounding bullae. vibrio vulnificus was isolated from the blood. after susceptibility testing, the patient was finally treated with ciprofloxacin and pivampicillin, and recovered slowly. ... | 1995 | 7784822 |
| evidence that water transmits vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 infections to eels. | vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is classically considered an obligate eel pathogen. however, it has recently been associated with one human septicemic case. in this paper, the opportunistic behavior of this pathogen is discussed. the bacterium can survive alone in brackish water or attached to eel surfaces for at least 14 days. it is able to spread through water and infect healthy eels by using skin as a portal of entry. these results suggest that water and infected eels may act as reservoirs of inf ... | 1995 | 7793914 |
| multiple vibrio vulnificus strains in oysters as demonstrated by clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis. | clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis and a computer program for managing electrophoresis banding patterns (elbamap) were used to analyze genomic dna of 118 vibrio vulnificus strains, isolated from three oysters by direct plating. analysis with sfii resulted in 60 restriction endonuclease digestion profiles (redp), while analysis with srfi produced 53 different redp. similarities between redp ranged from 7 to 93%. principal-component analysis showed that the strains were heterog ... | 1995 | 7793918 |
| identification of vibrio vulnificus by cellular fatty acid composition using the hewlett-packard 5898a microbial identification system: collaborative study. | a gas chromatographic method using a capillary column for rapid identification of vibrio vulnificus was examined in a collaborative study. identifications were performed by analysis of cellular fatty acid profiles which were automatically searched against reference profiles stored in a computer-generated library. each of the 13 collaborators was sent 15 unknown isolates, which included 10 v. vulnificus isolates and 5 negative control isolates. each collaborator was furnished with a computer-gene ... | 1994 | 7819758 |
| vibrio vulnificus septicemia in a patient with liver cirrhosis. | | 1994 | 7825019 |
| the first fatal case of vibrio vulnificus infection in denmark. | vibrio vulnificus can cause severe infections in humans and persons with preexisting liver disorders are especially at risk. in this paper we report what is to our knowledge the first fatal case of v. vulnificus infection in denmark. the patient was a 68-year-old man with a history of chronic lymphatic leukemia and hepatic cirrhosis. physicians should be aware of the clinical manifestations of this disease and should be especially attentive to patients at risk of acquiring the infection if there ... | 1994 | 7833008 |
| antimicrobial action of some gras compounds against vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus is a bacterium indigenous to estuarine waters and is known to be a significant human pathogen. infections are generally associated with the consumption of raw oyster. in an attempt to identify possible antimicrobial agents against this organism that might be used in foods, ten compounds that are generally recognized as safe (gras) by the fda were tested against both the opaque and translucent morphotypes of v. vulnificus. eight of those compounds had a lethal effect for both mo ... | 1994 | 7835469 |
| vibrio vulnificus infection--report of 8 cases and review of cases in taiwan. | vibrio vulnificus infection, which is a rare and fatal disease, can be categorized clinically as either primary septicemia or wound infection. the clinical presentation of patients with primary septicemia can vary from fever alone to a more severe illness including high-grade bullous lesions, hypotension, and shock. wound infection typically results from either injury to the skin in a marine environment or contact of a preexisting wound with sea water. we reported eight cases with vibrio vulnifi ... | 1994 | 7850649 |
| [vibrio vulnificus in mexico: a case report and review of the literature]. | vibrio vulnificus is an etiologic agent of septicemia and skin lesions. patients with chronic diseases, and more frequently chronic liver disease, are specially susceptible to this infection. the main risk factor is shellfish ingestion. in this report we present a patient with chronic liver disease who suffered fulminant sepsis and necro-hemorrhagic bullaes secondary to a v. vulnificus infection. the patient had ingested shrimps two days before. a review of the recent literature on the subject i ... | 1994 | 7899742 |
| vibrio vulnificus hazard in patients with liver disease. | | 1994 | 7941517 |
| effect of time and temperature on multiplication of vibrio vulnificus in postharvest gulf coast shellstock oysters. | after harvest, shellstock oysters stored under controlled temperatures of 10, 13, and 18 degrees c and at ambient outside air temperature (23 to 34 degrees c) were sampled after 12 and 30 h for vibrio vulnificus. at 13 degrees c and below, v. vulnificus failed to multiply in the oysters. in oysters held at 18 degrees c for 30 h and under ambient conditions for 12 and 30 h, v. vulnificus numbers were statistically greater (p < 0.05) than those in oysters at harvest. these data indicate that endog ... | 1994 | 7944379 |
| detection of potential virulence markers of vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from fish in sweden. | a variety of potential virulence markers such as the production of cytotoxin, haemolysin, exoenzymes, bactericidal action of sera, presence of capsule and adhesion to human intestinal cells were investigated on vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from eels in sweden. the strains had the capacity of producing all or some of the above-mentioned virulence markers, to varying degrees though none of the strains produced any capsule. the strains also bound specifically to human intestinal cells in vitr ... | 1994 | 8004935 |
| inhibitory mechanism of ca2+ on the hemolysis caused by vibrio vulnificus cytolysin. | calcium in millimolar concentrations protected mouse erythrocytes from hemolysis caused by vibrio vulnificus cytolysin without affecting the release of intracellular k+ from the cells. this effect was maximal at 25 mm cacl2. the protection was not absolute and could be partially overcome by increased concentrations of cytolysin. calcium failed to block both the binding and oligomer formation of cytolysins on the erythrocyte membrane. after pore formation, the continued presence of calcium is req ... | 1994 | 8075131 |
| antigens of vibrio vulnificus. | rabbit antisera raised against a formalinized culture of vibrio vulnificus were examined for the development of igm and igg antibody by elisa analysis of serum samples harvested weekly for 5 weeks following the initial injection. v. vulnificus antigens recognized by the sera in three fractions of the culture were identified by immunoblot analysis. the major species recognized in the culture supernatant solution by both igm and igg had a molar mass of 58 kd. in fractions derived from the bacteria ... | 1994 | 8078421 |
| vibrio vulnificus infections and raw oysters. | | 1994 | 8093160 |
| vibrio vulnificus and molluscan shellfish: the necessity of education for high-risk individuals. | | 1994 | 8120298 |
| simple purification method for a vibrio vulnificus hemolysin by a hydrophobic column chromatography in the presence of a detergent. | a vibrio vulnificus hemolysin (vvh) was purified by two steps of hydrophobic column chromatography on phenyl-sepharose hp. the first chromatography was carried out at ph 6.0. in this ph condition, vvh efficiently bound to the column, but the hemolysin fraction eluted was accompanied with colored substance(s). to eliminate this colored substance, the second chromatography was carried out at ph 9.8 in the presence of 1% 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (chaps), a zwitteri ... | 1993 | 8133803 |
| structure of vulnibactin, a new polyamine-containing siderophore from vibrio vulnificus. | a new siderophore named vulnibactin has been isolated from low iron cultures of vibrio vulnificus, a human pathogen. the structure was established as n-[3-(2,3-dihydroxybenzamido)propyl]-1,3-bis[2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)- trans-5 - methyl-2-oxazoline-4-carboxamido]propane by a combination of acid hydrolysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positive fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. vulnibactin is characterized as containing one residue of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid as well as two re ... | 1994 | 8148612 |
| seasonal variations in the occurrence of vibrio vulnificus along the dutch coast. | the seasonal variation in the occurrence of v. vulnificus in relation to water temperature and salinity was studied along the dutch coast. in two consecutive years v. vulnificus strains could be isolated in august when the water temperature was highest. the indole-positive strains isolated from north sea water samples were identical to most strains isolated from human disease and from the environment. however, strains isolated from four of five patients living in countries around the north sea w ... | 1994 | 8150002 |
| densities of vibrio vulnificus in the intestines of fish from the u.s. gulf coast. | densities of vibrio vulnificus in the intestinal contents of various finfish, oysters, and crabs and in sediment and waters of the u.s. gulf coast were determined by the most probable number procedure. species were identified by enzyme immunoassay. during the winter, densities of v. vulnificus were low, and the organism was isolated more frequently from sheepshead fish than from sediment and seawater. from april to october, v. vulnificus densities were considerably higher (2 to 5 logs) in estuar ... | 1994 | 8161189 |
| [beta-thalassemia major complicated with vibrio vulnificus septicemia: report of one case]. | vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic vibrio that has been isolated repeatedly from sea-water and shellfish during the warm months of the year. it's a virulent pathogen for men and is frequently associated with overwhelming infections including sepsis, gangrene of extremities and high mortality rate. we encountered a 13-year-old boy who had a history of beta-thalassemia major with secondary hemochromatosis, suffering from vomiting, diarrhea, fever and hypotension. physical examination revealed that ... | 1994 | 8178648 |
| sequence determination of rrna genes of pathogenic vibrio species and whole-cell identification of vibrio vulnificus with rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes. | a comparative analysis of seven new 16s rrna gene sequences of pathogenic vibrio species with previously published vibrio sequences confirmed that vibrio vulnificus represents a group that is not closely related to the core organisms of the genus vibrio. in addition, we found that v. vulnificus, listonella (vibrio) anguillarum and vibrio diazotrophicus branch off separately from the core group. a comparison of the 16s rrna gene sequences of v. vulnificus strains belonging to biotypes 1 and 2 rev ... | 1994 | 8186099 |
| capsular polysaccharide structure of a clinical isolate of vibrio vulnificus strain bo62316 determined by heteronuclear nmr spectroscopy and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. | virulence of vibrio vulnificus has been strongly associated with encapsulation. capsular polysaccharide was purified from a virulent strain of vibrio vulnificus bo62316, a clinical isolate, by dialysis, centrifugation, enzymatic digestion, and phenol-chloroform extraction. this polysaccharide shows partial reactivity with antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of a related pathogenic strain of v. vulnificus (mo6-24) whose structure was recently reported. nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscop ... | 1993 | 8250211 |
| direct plating procedure for enumerating vibrio vulnificus in oysters (crassostrea virginica). | a procedure for enumerating and identifying vibrio vulnificus in oysters was developed and evaluated. this method consists of growth on a direct plating medium (vve medium) for isolating the organism from shellfish tissues, followed by biochemical tests for differentiating and identifying presumptively positive isolates. densities of v. vulnificus are reliably obtained in 2 to 4 days, and as few as 10 culturable cells per 100 g can be identified. the procedure was evaluated by using a dna probe ... | 1993 | 8285658 |