| vertical transmission of citrobacter diversus from mother to infant. | | 1988 | 3368261 |
| carriage of citrobacter diversus among young children in baltimore. | | 1988 | 3368273 |
| kell blood group activity of gram-negative bacteria. | to understand better the relationships between blood-group antigens and bacterial constituents, examples of 23 gram-negative bacteria (representing the 10 genera citrobacter, edwardsiella, enterobacter, escherichia, klebsiella, proteus, pseudomonas, salmonella, serratia, and shigella) were tested for the presence of kl-like antigens by hemagglutination-inhibition (hai) assays against both igg and igm anti-kl. saline-suspended whole organisms, cell-free culture media, and disrupted organisms were ... | 1988 | 3368935 |
| [interaction of tyrosine-phenol-lyase from citrobacter intermedius with amino acids and their derivatives: factors determining the effectiveness of binding]. | the inhibition by l-amino acids and their derivatives of tyrosine phenol-lyase is investigated. tyramine, alpha-phenylethylamine and tryptamine have no detectable inhibition effect and hence are weakly bonded by an active site. the aromatic amino acid amides are competitive inhibitors but do not manifest an enzymatic isotope exchange of alpha-proton in d2o. free amino acids however are competitive inhibitors and in the majority of cases exchange alpha-proton. the presence of cooh-group is theref ... | 1988 | 3374486 |
| crystallization and crystal data on tyrosine phenol-lyase. | crystals of the apoenzyme of tyrosine phenol-lyase (ec 4.1.99.2), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme from citrobacter intermedius, have been grown by vapor diffusion of an ammonium sulfate solution to a protein solution. the crystals belong to space group p2(1)2(1)2, with dimensions of a = 75.5 a, b = 138.4 a and c = 94.1 a and diffract up to 2.7 a resolution. the asymmetric unit contains one half of the enzyme tetrameric molecule. two heavy-atom derivatives of the crystals have been obta ... | 1988 | 3378628 |
| the phylogenetic origin of the bifunctional tyrosine-pathway protein in the enteric lineage of bacteria. | because bifunctional enzymes are distinctive and highly conserved products of relatively infrequent gene-fusion events, they are particularly useful markers to identify clusters of organisms at different hierarchical levels of a phylogenetic tree. within the subdivision of gram-negative bacteria known as superfamily b, there are two distinctive types of tyrosine-pathway dehydrogenases: (1) a broad-specificity dehydrogenase (recently termed cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase [cdh]) that can utilize ei ... | 1988 | 3386529 |
| activity of cefotaxime and amikacin against 14,272 gram-negative bacteria from clinical samples in the period 1980 to 1985. | the sensitivity to cefotaxime and amikacin of 14,272 gram-negative bacilli (enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli) isolated from clinical samples was studied during the period 1980 to 1985. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was determined by means of diffusion in agar. strains were considered resistant to cefotaxime and amikacin if the mic values were greater than 16 mg/l and greater than 8 mg/l, respectively. the mic90 reached the critical value for cefotaxime in ... | 1988 | 3396470 |
| structure elucidation of the core regions from citrobacter o4 and o36 lipopolysaccharides by chemical and enzymatic methods, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and nmr spectroscopy at 500 mhz. | novel enterobacterial core oligosaccharides were isolated from citrobacter o4 and o36 lipopolysaccharides, and their structures were determined by methylation analysis, smith degradation and enzymatic degradations, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and two-dimensional phase-sensitive correlated, relayed coherence transfer, double-quantum, triple-quantum-filtered, and nuclear overhauser effect (noe) 1h nmr spectroscopy at 500 mhz. in the formulas, all hexose residues are d-hexopyranoses, and ... | 1988 | 3415978 |
| the morphology and nucleotide composition of dna of citrobacter phages. | citrobacter phages 38/37, 31/37, 40/1 and 8/5, isolated from lysogenic cultures, were concentrated and purified by 2 cycles of differential centrifugation. electron microscopy of the phages has shown that their particles have similar morphology and that they relate to the morphological group a1. the heads of the phages are hexagonal, 50 +/- 2 nm in diameter. the tail of the phage is straight, 112-152 nm in length, with a contracting sheath 11.5-12.5 nm wide. the tails of the phages 38/37 and 40/ ... | 1987 | 3429855 |
| [treatment of urinary infection with cephadroxyl (pharmachem)--microbiological and clinical research]. | the bacteria isolated from the urine of renal patients were tested for sensitivity towards cephadroxyl (pharmachem) and other beta-lactam antibiotics--altogether 654 examinations were made. it was established that the gram-positive bacteria (excluding the enterococcus) are sensitive towards cephadroxyl. from the gram negative bacteria e. coli, klebsiella sp., enterobacter sp., p. mirabilis, citrobacter sp. showed the greatest sensitivity towards cephadroxyl, while the indole positive proteus wer ... | 1987 | 3433735 |
| comparative in vitro activity of the two new oral cephalosporin metabolites ro 19-5247 and ro 15-8074. | a total of 629 clinical strains of gram positive and gram negative bacteria were tested for their susceptibility to ro 19-5247, ro 15-8074, and other antimicrobial agents. both ro 19-5247 and ro 15-8074 had good activity against strains of enterobacteriaceae; however, resistance was found among some strains of enterobacter, citrobacter, klebsiella and morganella spp. both compounds showed moderate to poor active against acinetobacter spp., pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococci and streptococcus ... | 1987 | 3436316 |
| brain abscesses and ischemic necrotic lesions during early childhood. | the cases of seven children, all under 6 months of age, with cerebral abscesses are presented. in four cases, there was previous meningitis; the others presented with expanding mass lesions. the infectious agent was proteus in four cases and escherichia coli and citrobacter in one each; in another patient, no agent was isolated. in six children, there were multiple areas of ischemic necrosis. in one instance, these areas were in the hemisphere contralateral to the purulent collection. the peculi ... | 1987 | 3437963 |
| [properties of tnt-degrading enzymes in intact cells of citrobacter freundii]. | | 1987 | 3439160 |
| [antimicrobial activity of sulbactam/cefoperazone. comparison with other new cephems]. | antimicrobial activities of sulbactam/cefoperazone (sbt/cpz) against 50 fresh clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp., serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris and pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared to those of cpz, cefotiam (ctm), cefotaxime (ctx) and latamoxef (lmox). minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic's) of sbt and cpz mixed in a ratio of 1:1 were determined by the dilution method using ... | 1987 | 3444015 |
| a study of predominant aerobic microflora of black bears (ursus americanus) and grizzly bears (ursus arctos) in northwestern alberta. | swab specimens were obtained from nasal, rectal, and preputial or vaginal areas of 37 grizzly and 17 black bears, captured during may to june of 1981 to 1983, to determine the types and frequency of predominant aerobic microflora. bacterial genera most frequently isolated from bears were escherichia, citrobacter, hafnia, proteus, staphylococcus, and streptococcus species, comprising about 65% of the isolates. erwinia, xanthomonas, agrobacterium, rhizobium, and gluconobacter/acetobacter were also ... | 1987 | 3447691 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1985). i. susceptibility distribution]. | the results of determinations of sensitivities of bacterial strains to various antibiotics are summarized as follows: 1. against escherichia coli, ofloxacin (oflx) showed the strongest activity among oral antibacterial and antibiotic agents. its mic90 was below 0.10 micrograms/ml. the next strongest activity was found in mecillinam (mpc), cefaclor (ccl) and pipemidic acid (ppa); mic90's of these agents 3.13 micrograms/ml. cefotiam (ctm), cefotaxime (ctx), ceftizoxime (czx), cefmenoxime (cmx) and ... | 1987 | 3448255 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1985). iii. secular changes in susceptibility]. | sensitivities to antimicrobial agents of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., proteus spp., pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens isolated from infected patients were evaluated and compared according to the types of their infections, i.e., simple and complicated urinary tract infections with or without indwelling catheter. there were no apparent decreases in the sensitivity of e. coli isolated from patients with simple urinary tract infections. when da ... | 1987 | 3448256 |
| [clinical observation of bacterial isolates from urine specimens of outpatients]. | changes of bacterial isolates from urine specimens of outpatients with urinary tract infections (uti) from 1977 through 1984 were studied. organisms which were isolated from patients with bacteriuria of over 10(3) bacteria per ml of urine regardless of grade of pyuria were studied. the incidence of uti, especially that of acute cystitis was decreased during the recent 8 years. e. coli was the most predominant isolate in acute uti with an isolation frequency of over 70% every year, followed by s. ... | 1987 | 3448922 |
| antibiotics in the second half of the 1980s. areas of future development and the effect of new agents on aminoglycoside use. | articles in this supplement have examined in detail the role of aminoglycosides in the therapy of infections, addressing problems of resistance, toxicity, and efficacy. this article discusses other agents and their potential utility and effect on aminoglycosides. penem antibiotics, which have activity against only aerobic gram-negative bacteria, have recently been synthesized. these agents have proved effective in animal experiments; to date, however, results of human clinical trials are not ava ... | 1986 | 3460336 |
| [concomitant therapy with cefmenoxime and cefsulodin for refractory complicated urinary tract infection (especially caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa)]. | cefmenoxime (2 g) and cefsulodin (1 g) were given twice daily for 5 days by concomitant intravenous drip infusion (mixed infusion) to 135 patients with complicated urinary tract infection (c-uti) probably caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa. the clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the criteria proposed by the uti committee in japan. ninety one subjects met the criteria for c-uti and were evaluable for drug efficacy. p. aeruginosa was detected in 44 cases (including mixed infection with oth ... | 1986 | 3463188 |
| [antimicrobial activity of cefotiam against various clinical isolates from 1981 to 1985]. | some of new cephem antibiotics, particularly the so called the third generation cephalosporins, are reported to be potent inducers of beta-lactamases and to be responsible for developing microbial cross-resistance to multiple beta-lactam antibiotics and occasionally to the aminoglycosides (sanders and sanders, 1983). in japan, third generation cephalosporins such as cefotaxime, cefoperazone, ceftizoxime, and latamoxef became available in 1981, and cefmenoxime in 1982. therefore, it is of interes ... | 1986 | 3467078 |
| antimicrobial activity of imipenem against 1386 clinical isolates. | 1386 isolates from clinical specimens were tested against imipenem by disc agar diffusion. the bacteria used in this study consisted of escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, e. agglomerans, e. cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, k. ozanae, proteus mirabilis, p. vulgaris, providencia stuartii, p. rettgeri, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, citrobacter diversus, c. freundii, morganella morganii, serratia liquefaciens, s. marcescens, hafnia alvei, aeromonas hydrophila, pseudomonas aeruginosa ... | 1986 | 3468319 |
| evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin against nosocomial infections and multiresistant pathogens. | thirty-five patients suffering from soft tissue infections (12), upper utis (6), bronchopneumonia (6), septicaemia (2), chronic osteomyelitis (2), intra-abdominal abscess (2), liver abscess (1), lung abscess (1), acute cholangitis (1), thoracic empyema (1) and chronic prostatitis (1) were given imipenem/cilastatin for 6-21 days. in 22 patients several aggravating factors coexisted, while infection in 16 patients was polymicrobial. the following pathogens were implicated: pseudomonas aeruginosa ( ... | 1986 | 3469191 |
| a comparative study of the sensitivity of bacteria of various origin to ofloxacin. | the sensitivity of 6 antimicrobials (chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ampicillin, cephalothin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ofloxacin) was tested on 174 bacteria isolated from three sources: 60 from wounds, 84 from urine and 30 from bronchial excretions. hospital-borne bacteria were compared to those of non-hospital origin for their susceptibility. consecutively, pseudomonas aeruginosa (24 strains), escherichia coli (58), klebsiella sp. (13), enterobacter sp. (3), citrobacter sp. (3), enteroc ... | 1987 | 3474082 |
| in vitro study of the antibacterial activity of ofloxacin against recent clinical isolates. | the in vitro activity of ofloxacin, a new broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, was studied by a standardized single disc method. a total of 990 clinical isolates were tested, including 20 strains of anaerobic bacteria. ofloxacin was highly active against 683 strains (70.41%), had intermediate activity against 109 (11.23%) and had no activity against 178 (18.35%). ofloxacin was highly active against e. coli, klebsiella sp., citrobacter sp., proteus mirabilis, proteus morganii, salmonella sp., camp ... | 1987 | 3476290 |
| antibacterial effect of imipenem in vitro against important aerobic and anaerobic strains isolated from clinical specimens. | imipenem is a thienamycin antibiotic of the first generation with broad antibacterial activity. it covers all gram-positive organisms (including streptococcus faecalis) and gram-negative bacteria (including pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia spp.) as well as bacteroides fragilis and other bacteroides species. in this comparative study the antimicrobic effect against 1020 gram-negative, 927 gram-positive and 352 anaerobic strains from fresh clinical isolates was tested and compared with that of ... | 1987 | 3477332 |
| emergence of ofloxacin-resistant citrobacter freundii and pseudomonas maltophilia after ofloxacin therapy. | | 1987 | 3478330 |
| efficacy and tolerance of oral ofloxacin in treating various infections. | 66 patients were given daily doses of ofloxacin between 400 and 800 mg for 10 days to 6 months. they were suffering from exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (15), soft tissue phlegmon (11), complicated urinary tract infections (7), bronchopneumonia (7), chronic osteomyelitis in exacerbation (8), chronic prostatitis in exacerbation (5), lower urinary tract infections (3), chronic otitis media (3), acute otitis (3), acute bronchitis (1), lung abscess (2) or liver abscess (1). pathogens included pse ... | 1987 | 3481312 |
| inducible type i beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria and resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. | mutants, showing either constitutive (depressed) or non-inducible expression of chromosomally-mediated type i beta-lactamase were obtained from clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, ent. aerogenes, citrobacter freundii, providencia stuartii, morganella morganii, serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the wild-type and mutant strains were compared for susceptibility to a range of beta-lactam antibiotics. derepression of beta-lactamase synthesis generally, but not always, resulted in ... | 1986 | 3485092 |
| antimicrobial activity and beta-lactamase stability of sk&f 88070 compared with other agents. | the in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of sk&f 88070 (7-[[2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-3-[[ [1-(2-sulfaminoethyl)-1h-tetrazol-5-yl]thio]methyl]-3- cephem-4-carboxylic acid) a new parenteral cephalosporin was investigated against 780 types of bacteria. sk&f 88070 inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, salmonella species, shigella species, morganella morganii, and citrobacter diversus at less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml. i ... | 1986 | 3485506 |
| sequence of the citrobacter freundii os60 chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase gene. | the citrobacter freundii os60 ampc beta-lactamase gene was sequenced and found to encode a 380-amino-acid-long precursor with a 19-residue signal peptide. the mature protein has a predicted molecular mass of 39781 da. the first 60 residues of the purified enzyme, as determined by sequential edman degradation, are identical to the amino acid sequence inferred from the gene sequence. also, the amino acid composition determined for the purified beta-lactamase and that given by the gene sequence are ... | 1986 | 3486121 |
| the activity of bmy 28142 a new broad spectrum beta-lactamase stable cephalosporin. | the in-vitro activity of bmy 28142, an iminomethoxy, aminothiazolyl cephalosporin containing a methyl pyrrolidinio c-3 was compared with that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem and tobramycin against various bacteria. bmy 28142 was the most active agent tested against the enterobacteriaceae inhibiting 90% at less than or equal to 1 mg/l. the in-vitro activity of bmy 28142 was equal to or superior to cefotaxime against the highly susceptible members of the enterobacteriaceae and seve ... | 1986 | 3486862 |
| synergism and antagonism in double beta-lactam antibiotic combinations. | combinations of two beta-lactam antibiotics may be advantageous in certain clinical situations, providing a synergistic activity against specific organisms or a broad spectrum of antibiotic coverage. depending on the combination and the bacteria, synergism, indifference, or antagonism can be observed. synergism may occur when two beta-lactam antibiotics, acting on different penicillin-binding proteins, are combined or when a penicillinase-susceptible beta-lactam antibiotic is protected by anothe ... | 1986 | 3487247 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of two oral cephalosporins, ceftetrame (ro 19-5247) and cefetamet (ro 15-8074). | ceftetrame (ro 19-5247) and cefetamet (ro 15-8074), two new orally administered aminothiazolyl imimomethoxy cephalosporins, inhibited hemolytic streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml but were less active against staphylococci than were cephalexin and cefaclor. they did not inhibit s. faecalis, s. faecium, listeria monocytogenes, corynebacterium jk species, or pseudomonas aeruginosa. haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, and neisseria gonor ... | 1986 | 3490827 |
| 7 alpha-formylamino substituent confers beta-lactamase-inactivating potency on 1-oxacephalosporins. | 7 alpha-formylamino-1-oxacephalosporins 7 alpha-formylamino-7 beta-[2- (methylaminocarbonyl)amino-2-(2-thienyl)acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1h -tetra zol-5-yl)thiomethyl]-1-oxa-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (f1) and 7 alpha-formylamino-7 beta-(2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazine-1- yl)carbonylamino]-2-phenylacetamido)-3-[(1-methyl-1h-tetr azol-5-yl) thiomethyl]-1-oxa-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (f2) were stable against penicillinases and, moreover, inactivated cephalosporinases of pseudomonas aeruginosa, cit ... | 1986 | 3490828 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new difluoro oxacephem, 6315-s. | 6315-s, a novel difluoromethyl thioacetamido oxacephem, had in vitro activity comparable to that of cefotaxime and moxalactam against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, salmonella spp., and shigella spp., inhibiting 90% at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml. it inhibited piperacillin- and cefoperazone-resistant isolates in these species. 6315-s did not inhibit cefotaxime- or moxalactam-resistant citrobacter freundii, enterob ... | 1986 | 3492172 |
| beta-lactamase stability of cefpirome (hr 810), a new cephalosporin with a broad antimicrobial spectrum. | cefpirome was highly stable to hydrolysis by various beta-lactamases, although it was hydrolyzed to some extent by r plasmid-mediated penicillinase of richmond-sykes type va/b and by chromosomal cephalosporinases from bacteroides species. the compound had a very low affinity for cephalosporinases from enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, and proteus vulgaris. cefpirome showed strong antimicrobial activity against eight beta-lactamase (cephalosporinase)-producing strai ... | 1986 | 3492175 |
| delayed inactivation of citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase by 6 beta-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl]penicillin sulfone. | when citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase was incubated with 6 beta-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl]penicillin sulfone (cloxacillin sulfone) in phosphate buffer, the enzyme was suddenly inactivated just after the completion of enzymatic degradation of the cloxacillin sulfone. such delayed inactivation was due to a secondary inhibitor formed from cloxacillin sulfone during the incubation period. the inactivation was delayed due to the protection of the enzyme by cloxacillin sulfone fro ... | 1986 | 3493233 |
| comparative antibacterial activity of a new oral cephalosporin, bmy-28100. | bmy-28100 is a new oral cephalosporin which had in vitro activity superior to that of cephalexin and cefaclor against staphylococci, beta-hemolytic streptococcal species, and streptococcus pneumoniae. it inhibited beta-lactamase-producing haemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, 50% of streptococcus faecalis isolates, listeria monocytogenes, and 50 to 75% of escherichia coli and klebsiella species at less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml, but high producers of beta-lactamase were resistant ... | 1987 | 3495236 |
| identification of the active site of citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase using dansyl-penicillin. | the active site sequence of a beta-lactamase encoded by chromosomal gene(s) in citrobacter freundii gn346 was determined using dansyl-penicillin as a fluorescent probe. the tryptic digest of the labelled enzyme gave a fluorescent peptide containing 22 amino acids. the sequence of this peptide was identical to the consensus sequence of class c beta-lactamases, gly-ser-x-ser-lys. the residue labelled was the serine adjacent to the glycine. the active site sequence corresponded to positions 46-67 o ... | 1987 | 3496243 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new penem, cgp 31608. | the in vitro activity of cgp 31608, a new penem, against aerobic and anaerobic organisms was evaluated and compared with those of other beta-lactams. cgp 31608 inhibited escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, proteus mirabilis, citrobacter diversus, and salmonella, shigella, aeromonas, and yersinia spp. with mics for 50% of the strains (mic50s) of 2 to 4 micrograms/ml and mic90s of 4 micrograms/ml, compared with cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, and imipenem mics of less than 0.2 ... | 1987 | 3496845 |
| citrobacter diversus ula27 produces two forms of a chromosomal beta-lactamase. | a multi-resistant clinical isolate of citrobacter diversus, particularly resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins, has been studied. the strain produced constitutively high levels of beta-lactamase which efficiently hydrolysed cephaloridine but not ampicillin. the apparent km value for cephaloridine (125 +/- 25 microm) was within the range usually observed for beta-lactamases in similar bacteria. the strain possessed two forms of the enzyme as indicated by isoelectric focusing patterns, hplc ... | 1987 | 3497915 |
| in vitro activity of cefixime and six other agents against nosocomial pathogens of the enterobacteriaceae family. | cefixime, a broad-spectrum, orally active cephalosporin, was more active in vitro than ampicillin, cefaclor, cephalothin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole against 194 nosocomial pathogens of the family enterobacteriaceae. activity was especially good against klebsiella spp, proteus spp, serratia spp, and providencia stuartii. although gentamicin had equivalent or better activity against citrobacter spp, enterobacter spp, escherichia coli, and morganella morganii, all 23 of the gentamicin-resist ... | 1987 | 3498702 |
| fractionation and characterization of two beta-lactamases in citrobacter diversus ula-27 strain by chromatofocusing. | | 1987 | 3500180 |
| in vitro efficacy of augmentin in beta-lactamase producing bacteria. | | 1987 | 3501408 |
| gram-negative septicemia in american alligators (alligator mississippiensis). | six species of bacteria (family enterobacteriaceae) not commonly reported as associated with disease in american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) were documented, suggesting that aeromonas is not the only bacterium responsible for septicemia in crocodilians. these included citrobacter freundii, enterobacter agglomerans, proteus sp., morganella morganii, serratia marcescens, and klebsiella oxytoca. clinical signs of disease included intensive basking, anorexia, lethargy, flaccid limb paral ... | 1986 | 3503133 |
| polyarthritis and polyosteomyelitis in a juvenile giraffe. | | 1986 | 3505975 |
| [antibiotic resistance at a hospital environment. observations from 1980 to 1986]. | a total of 1659 bacteria strains were examined for susceptibility to different drugs by the kirby-bauer method. the isolates came from the general medicine ward of castellamonte's hospital (ussl 40). the results were retrospectively studied and statistically elaborated. the study lasted from 2 to 7 years depending on the antibiotic considered. the isolates included: escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., serratia spp., citrobacter spp., proteus mirabilis, proteus ind+, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudo ... | 1987 | 3509032 |
| outer membrane permeability of imipenem in comparison with other beta-lactam antibiotics. | | 1986 | 3512504 |
| unusual mucocutaneous infections in immunosuppressed patients with leukemia--expansion of an earlier study. | | 1986 | 3513146 |
| comparison of the standard pour plate procedure and the atp and limulus amebocyte lysate procedures for the detection of microbial contamination in intravenous fluids. | the intrinsic and extrinsic microbial contamination of large-volume parenterals has been associated with bacteremias in hospitalized patients. when epidemiologic data suggest the association of contaminated intravenous (i.v.) fluids with disease, appropriate laboratory methods must be devised to analyze quickly the suspect fluid. a study was undertaken to compare three laboratory test methods (standard pour plate [spp] technique, atp procedure, and limulus amebocyte lysate [lal] assay) for detec ... | 1986 | 3514657 |
| sonographic demonstration of prostatic abscess. | | 1986 | 3514932 |
| the antimicrobial activities of trimethoprim and sulfonamides. | the folate inhibitor trimethoprim (tmp) is active against and potentially cidal to a few higher microorganisms and a wide spectrum of pathogenic bacteria except for bacteroides, branhamella, brucella, chlamydia, clostridium, mycobacterium, mycoplasma, nocardia, neisseria, pseudomonas and treponema. these organisms tend to be more sensitive to sulfonamides (sul) than to tmp, whereas tmp is 10- to 100-fold more active than sul against most other bacteria. synergy between tmp and sul occurs at drug ... | 1986 | 3515508 |
| effect of inoculum size on ampicillin and amoxycillin susceptibility determined by gas-liquid chromatography for members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | inoculum size had only a small effect on the results for ampicillin and amoxycillin susceptibility testing of escherichia coli. in contrast, a difference in inoculum size from 10(6) to 10(8) cfu/ml profoundly affected the results for ampicillin and amoxycillin susceptibility testing of proteus mirabilis, causing a change from susceptibility to complete resistance. these different effects of inoculum size were observed both when susceptibility was determined by the suppression of a characteristic ... | 1986 | 3517063 |
| mutation of escherichia coli capable of expressing gene(s) for beta-lactamase production of citrobacter freundii. | a mutation in a chromosomal gene of escherichia coli, designated reb, acted in trans to increase the expression of the cloned beta-lactamase gene of citrobacter freundii. the reb gene was located around 99 min. deletion mutants in the cloned gene(s) which had lost the regulatory region for induction were also constructed. | 1986 | 3518627 |
| inhibitory and bactericidal activity of cefmetazole and seven other beta-lactams against different bacterial inocula. | the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) at different bacterial inocula represents an important factor in determining the potential effectiveness of new antibiotics. mics at different inocula (10(5) and 10(7) cfu/ml) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (mbc) of cefmetazole and seven other new cephalosporins (ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, cefamandole, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cefoxitin) were determined by a miniaturized dilution broth method against a wide ran ... | 1986 | 3518963 |
| microbiological perspective of ketoconazole. | the analysis of the results obtained in our trials, which took into account different experimental conditions, suggests that ketoconazole is a very effective anti-candida drug. in particular, ketoconazole inhibits the development of the hyphal form of c. albicans which is highly invasive. in our trials, we were also able to demonstrate that it is possible to extend ketoconazole's range of action to gram-negative bacteria, if the drug is used in appropriate pharmaceutical forms. moreover, its in ... | 1986 | 3518964 |
| isolation, characterization, and mode of action on escherichia coli strains of microcin d93. | microcin d93 is an antibiotic substance produced by escherichia coli strains which harbor the 5.5-kilobase plasmid pmccd93. its production is unaffected by the use of different carbon and ammonia sources, different phosphate concentrations, or mitomycin c. we developed a method for purifying this microcin based on gel permeation chromatography and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. the antibiotic appears to be a small, hydrophilic, basic peptide, active on e. coli and proteus, ci ... | 1986 | 3521486 |
| bacterial antagonists of shigellae. | bacterial antagonism between a microorganisms and shigella sonnei strains was studied in model experiments simulating conditions of the natural aquatic environment. in these studies surface waste samples from the river vltava served as the experimental environment. to ensure bacteriologically defined conditions all water samples were heat-sterilized prior to antagonism testing. consistently with the literature data and author's own observations the following bacterial species and genera were cho ... | 1986 | 3522730 |
| [diagnostic problems in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]. | in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) the ascitic fluid culture (certain criterion of diagnosis) may be negative despite an evident clinical and biochemical picture. therefore the diagnosis may be sometimes more "probable" than "certain". the authors performed a comparative analytical study--from a clinical, biochemical and prognostic point of view--between a group of 10 "probable" sbp (10 cirrhotic pts.) and 9 "certain" sbp (9 cirrhotic pts.). 115 "normal ascitic fluids" (negative culture ... | 1986 | 3523299 |
| improved immunological membrane filter method for detection of food-borne salmonella strains. | an improved membrane filter method that involves the use of an enzyme-labeled antibody stain has been developed for the rapid detection of salmonella species in foods. the procedure is carried out directly on a hydrophobic grid-membrane filter without requiring transfer by blotting to nitrocellulose. pure cultures of 54 salmonella species and 10 foods artificially contaminated with salmonella colindale gave a positive reaction in which salmonella colonies were visible as purple dots. of 11 nonsa ... | 1986 | 3524458 |
| contribution of chromosomal beta-lactamases to beta-lactam resistance in enterobacteria. | the two most important factors determining the level of beta-lactam resistance to novel cephalosporins in gram-negative enterobacteria are the chromosomal class c beta-lactamases, which have high affinity for these compounds, and the outer membrane permeability barrier. the individual importance of these factors and the interactions between them are discussed. wild-type strains carry a chromosomal gene, ampc, encoding class c beta-lactamases. expression from this gene is normally low, but it can ... | 1986 | 3529322 |
| ferric ammonium citrate decomposition--a taxonomic tool for gram-negative bacteria. | the iron uptake test of szabó and vandra has been modified and used for the differentiation of gram-negative bacteria. nutrient agar containing 20 g per litre of ferric ammonium citrate was distributed into narrow tubes and solidified so as to form butts and slants. considering the localization of the rusty-brown coloration produced after seeding and incubation, 2367 strains were classified into four groups. (1) unchanged medium: escherichia coli, shigella spp., yersinia spp., hafnia alvei and m ... | 1986 | 3529797 |
| the in-vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of carumonam. | carumonam is a monobactam with a beta-carbamyloxmethyl group at position 4. it inhibited 90% of enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 8 mg/l and had in-vitro activity similar to that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime and aztreonam. fifty per cent of enterobacter, citrobacter and serratia isolates were inhibited by 4 mg/l, but isolates resistant to aztreonam and ceftazidime were not inhibited. carumonam, like aztreonam, did not inhibit gram-positive or anaerobic species. carumonam was not destroye ... | 1986 | 3531143 |
| [multicenter study of ofloxacin activity on bacteria isolated from a hospital environment]. | minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of ofloxacin were evaluated by agar dilution for 1508 bacterial strains isolated in five hospitals. for enterobacteriaceae sensitive to nalidixic acid, mics ranged from 0.008 to 1 microgram/ml (mode mic: 0.12); the different species of enterobacteriaceae exhibited similar mode mics (0.12) with the exception of e. coli (0.06-0.12), p. mirabilis (0.5) and providencia (0.25). among strains intermediate and resistant to nalidixic acid, most of which were serr ... | 1986 | 3534711 |
| [ofloxacin (ru 43280): clinical evaluation in urinary and prostatic infections]. | ofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was given to fifty patients (29 females and 21 males) aged 25 to 86 years with urinary tract infection or prostatitis. urinary tract infections usually chronic and associated with urologic anomalies, included 17 cases of cystitis and 19 cases of pyelonephritis. 14 patients had prostatitis. pathogens recovered from the urine were 26 e. coli, 2 citrobacter, 4 proteus mirabilis, 2 klebsiella, 2 enterobacter, 3 serratia, 3 staphylococcus aureus and 11 pseudomonas. m ... | 1986 | 3534729 |
| [bactericidal activity of ceftriaxone, amikacin and their combination]. | third-generation cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone are often used alone; however, with enterobacter (ent), citrobacter (cit), serratia (ser) and morganella (mor), a combination of two drugs is advisable. aminoglycoside-beta-lactam combinations are often synergistic. however, results are not consistent with the new cephalosporins. we determined the killing kinetics of ceftriaxone (c) alone, amikacin (a) alone and both drugs in combination (ac). the antibiotics were tested in the following concen ... | 1986 | 3534741 |
| [in vitro activity of a new 3d-generation cephalosporin, cefodizime, on hospital bacteria]. | minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cefodizime were evaluated by agar dilution for 746 bacterial strains isolated in two hospitals. for enterobacteriaceae mics ranged from 0.008 micrograms/ml to more than 128 micrograms/ml (mode mic: 0.25); mode mics varied across species, ranging from 0.016 micrograms/ml for proteus mirabilis to 1 microgram/ml for citrobacter; mics ranged from 0.12 to 8 for most enterobacter and from 1 to 64 for serratia. the rare cefotaxime-resistant strains, most of w ... | 1986 | 3534743 |
| [in vitro activity of carumonam (ro 17-2301) on hospital bacteria]. | minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of carumonam (ro 17-2301), a new synthetic antibacterial agent of the monobactam group, were evaluated by agar dilution for 399 hospital isolates. ro 17-2301 was inactive against gram positive and anaerobic bacteria. most enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by concentrations less than 1 microgram/ml, with mode mics approximating 0.03 micrograms/ml except for providencia (0.016), citrobacter (0.06), serratia (0.06) and enterobacter (0.12). a few strains, mos ... | 1986 | 3534745 |
| magnesium-dependent plaque formation by bacteriophage p1cinc(-) on escherichia coli c and shigella sonnei. | phage p1c(-), in a state of the phage not infective to escherichia coli k12, was able to form plaques on a wild-type strain of e. coli c and on shigella sonnei in the presence of mg2+. citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, and a salmonella typhimurium gale mutant were not lysed by, but were lysogenized with p1cinc(-), whereas klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus rettgeri, and s. typhimurium lt2 were not susceptible to either p1cinc(-) or p1cinc(+). the lipopolysaccharide structure of e. coli c ... | 1986 | 3535235 |
| [infectious endocarditis in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]. | clinical and pathological findings in a 37-year-old female patient with hocm and infective endocarditis of the aortal and mitral valves were reported. the patient died of septic shock. infective endocarditis with acute insufficiency of the aortal and/or mitral valves is a severe complication in patients with hocm, because the left ventricle with a disturbed compliance is unable to compensate the acute volume overload. the standard use of nitrates for congestive lung failure and catecholamines fo ... | 1986 | 3535276 |
| the use of normal filter paper for "dot-immunobinding assay" of some antibodies. | normal filter papers were used for specific detection of tiny amounts of antibodies against two penicillin amidase molecular forms from escherichia coli, monoclonal antibodies of igg and igm class against lipopolysaccharide from citrobacter o36 and igm antibody against glycoprotein n from human red blood cells. for colour detection of antibodies bound to proper antigens adsorbed on the paper, second antibody-horse radish peroxidase conjugates and hydrogen peroxide with 4-chloronaphthol were appl ... | 1986 | 3535727 |
| in vitro activity of carumonam (ro 17-2301), bmy-28142, aztreonam, and ceftazidime against 7,620 consecutive clinical bacterial isolates. | for 45-60 days four geographically separate clinical laboratories tested routine clinical bacterial isolates for susceptibility to carumonam, aztreonam, bmy-28142, and ceftazidime by the broth microdilution method. all four drugs were highly active against enterobacteriaceae, inhibiting greater than 96% of the 4887 strains tested at less than or equal to 8.0 microgram/ml. the minimal inhibitory concentration at which 50% of the isolates were inhibited for each drug was less than or equal to 0.12 ... | 1986 | 3536278 |
| prevalence of colonization with antibiotic resistant gram-negative bacilli in a nursing home care unit: the importance of cross-colonization as documented by plasmid analysis. | a prevalence study was carried out on a 100-bed veterans administration nursing home care unit to determine the extent of colonization with gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli (grgnb). hand cultures of 12 employees and 17 environmental cultures were negative. twenty-six of 86 (30%) patients were colonized with 49 grgnb. sixteen patients (19%) had urinary colonization. multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between rectal or perineal colonization (p less than 0.01), and th ... | 1986 | 3536783 |
| production of escherichia coli sta-like heat-stable enterotoxin by citrobacter freundii isolated from humans. | citrobacter species are often present in the stools of children and are generally considered a normal component of the intestinal microflora. previous reports suggested that they might act as enteric pathogens. aiming at defining the role of citrobacter species in inducing diarrhea, we looked for their presence in the stools of 328 children with diarrhea and in 108 controls. citrobacter strains were isolated from 46 patients (14%) and 7 controls (6.5%) (p less than 0.05). all isolates were teste ... | 1987 | 3539984 |
| premarket evaluation of ids rapid ss/u system for identification of urine isolates. | a total of 170 fresh clinical urine isolates were tested with a premarket configuration of the rapid ss/u system (innovative diagnostic systems, inc., atlanta, ga.), a qualitative micromethod for the identification of selected organisms commonly isolated from urine specimens. results were compared with those obtained with conventional methods of identifying gram-positive isolates and with the automicrobic system (vitek systems, inc., hazelwood, mo.), utilizing gram-negative identification cards ... | 1987 | 3539997 |
| cloning of genes from members of the family enterobacteriaceae with mini-mu bacteriophage containing plasmid replicons. | an in vivo cloning system that uses derivatives of the escherichia coli bacteriophage mu with plasmid replicons has been extended to five different species of the family enterobacteriaceae. mu and these mini-mu replicon elements were introduced into strains of e. coli, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, citrobacter freundii, and proteus mirabilis by infection, by transformation, or by conjugation with newly constructed broad-host-range plasmids containing insertions of these elements. ly ... | 1987 | 3542967 |
| [antibacterial activity of cephem antibiotics against isolates from clinical specimens at the yokohama city university hospital]. | minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cephem antibiotics against 405 strains belonging to 17 species of clinical isolates were investigated using the standard method of the japanese congress of chemotherapy. the results obtained are summarized below. cephem antibiotics showed weak antibacterial activities against enterococcus sp., b. fragilis and s. marcescens. s. pneumoniae, s. agalactiae, e. coli, k. pneumoniae and p. mirabilis were susceptible to cephem antibiotics. cephem antibiotics o ... | 1986 | 3543429 |
| microbial pollution indicators in brazilian tropical and subtropical marine surface waters. | the specificity of indicators that depend on elevated incubation temperature as a selective factor for their enumeration was questioned because of the possibility of interference from autochthonous microorganisms adapted to high ambient temperatures. lactose-fermenting cultures isolated from fecal coliform tests of tropical marine surface waters were identified as consisting of about 70% escherichia coli, and most of the remaining cultures being klebsiella, enterobacter or citrobacter species. t ... | 1986 | 3544214 |
| imipenem and cilastatin in acute osteomyelitis and suppurative arthritis. therapy in infants and children. | twenty-five infants and children with acute osteomyelitis (n = 7), suppurative arthritis (n = 11), or both (n = 7) were treated with imipenem and cilastatin sodium. patients ranged in age from 5 months to 11.3 years. needle aspiration of infected sites was performed in all patients, and 11 (44%) required further surgical drainage. imipenem and cilastatin sodium in a dosage of 100 mg/kg/d was used for children 3 years of age or younger, while older ones received 60 mg/kg/d intravenously, divided ... | 1987 | 3544811 |
| in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and beta-lactamase stability of rs-533, a novel carbapenem. | rs-533 is a novel carbapenem antibiotic. its activity was compared with that of imipenem and the new cephalosporins, aztreonam, piperacillin, and tobramycin. rs-533 had activity comparable to that of imipenem, inhibiting the majority of the enterobacteriaceae, streptococci, staphylococci, and bacteroides species at concentrations of less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. rs-533 inhibited enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens resistant to ceftazidime, aztreonam, and ... | 1986 | 3545068 |
| chromosomal beta-lactam resistance in enterobacteria. | most enterobacterial species carry a chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase gene. in escherichia coli and shigella, expression from ampc is non-inducible and the beta-lactamase is synthesized at low levels. mutations leading to increased beta-lactamase synthesis occur rather infrequently, making resistance to modern cephalosporins a rare event in these species. in other enterobacteria and pseudomonas, ampc beta-lactamase synthesis is induced by beta-lactams. in enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundi ... | 1986 | 3547624 |
| in vitro activity of two new aryl-fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents, difloxacin (a-56619) and a-56620 compared to that of other antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of difloxacin (a-56619) and a-56620, two new aryl-difluoroquinolones, was compared to that of other new quinolones and several parenteral and oral antimicrobial agents. a-56620 inhibited 90% of enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, staphylococcus aureus 0.25 micrograms/ml, hemolytic streptococci 2 micrograms/ml, pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 micrograms/ml, bacteroides sp. and clostridium at 8 micrograms/ml. a-56620 was equal or 2-fold more active than norfl ... | 1987 | 3549179 |
| evaluation of a commercial beta-glucuronidase test for the rapid and economical identification of escherichia coli. | a commercial beta-glucuronidase (beta-gur) test for the rapid and economical identification of escherichia coli was evaluated. a total of 762 clinical strains and 228 environmental isolates were studied. more than 95% of the e. coli strains were found to be beta-gur positive. thirty-one clinical isolates of shigella sonnei, 10 of enterobacter cloacae, eight of enterobacter aerogenes, nine of citrobacter freundii and one of salmonella enteritidis also gave positive results. the enzyme beta-gur wa ... | 1986 | 3549665 |
| failure to detect hydrogen-sulphide production in lactose/sucrose-fermenting enterobacteriaceae, using triple sugar iron agar. | triple sugar iron agar failed to detect hydrogen sulphide in 44 out of 69 hydrogen-sulphide producing strains of enterobacteriaceae, which at the same time fermented lactose and/or sucrose. the species involved were salmonella typhi, salmonella enteritidis, citrobacter freundii, escherichia coli, and proteus vulgaris. by contrast, no false-negative reactions were observed in 74 strains, which fermented neither lactose nor sucrose. failure to detect hydrogen sulphide was probably due to acidifica ... | 1987 | 3551500 |
| inducing capacity of the combinations mecillinam-ampicillin and mecillinam-ceftazidime in comparison with the capacity of the compounds administered separately. | the inducing capacity of mecillinam in combination with ampicillin or ceftazidime was compared with that of the compounds administered separately and related to the inducing capacity of cefoxitin (1 and 10 micrograms/ml) for the chromosomal beta-lactamases from enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii, indole-positive proteus, and acinetobacter strains. in the majority of the strains all compounds tested alone or in combination showed a lower inducing capacity than cefoxit ... | 1987 | 3552473 |
| use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in pediatric infections: relative merits of intravenous administration. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) has traditionally been employed as an oral formulation for infections in ambulatory pediatric patients. however, therapeutic concentrations of tmp and smz in serum and csf are more consistently attained after intravenous administration. serum half-life increases with the age of the child, and few significant toxic effects are observed with intravenous administration. either the necessity to optimize bioavailability because of the underlying seriousness of ... | 1987 | 3554455 |
| oral ciprofloxacin in the treatment of elderly patients with complicated urinary tract infections due to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant bacteria. | the effectiveness and safety of ciprofloxacin, a new quinolone antibiotic, were prospectively evaluated in the treatment of patients with complicated urinary tract infections caused by gram-negative organisms resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. twenty-five elderly (mean age, 70.4 years) patients (24 men and one woman) were enrolled. initial pathogens included pseudomonas aeruginosa (15 isolates), escherichia coli (five isolates), enterobacter aerogenes (one isolate), citrobacter freundii ... | 1987 | 3555051 |
| seasonal variation in aerobic bacterial populations and endotoxin concentrations in grain dusts. | settled and respirable grain dust samples were collected at intervals over a 16-month period at two grain terminals on the lower mississippi river. total and gram-negative aerobic bacterial (gnb) populations, as well as endotoxin concentrations, were studied. plate counts indicated that no viable bacteria were found to be present in the respirable samples. endotoxin concentrations ranged from 0.0 to 6.4 ng (0.0 to 7.9 ng/m3 air) per respirable sample, indicating that bacteria were once viable in ... | 1987 | 3565264 |
| growth of mixed microbial populations in ground water containing highly chlorinated organic wastes. | | 1987 | 3567405 |
| comparative in vitro antimicrobial activity of carumonam (ro 17-2301) and its influence on the activity of other antibiotics. | the antimicrobial activity of carumonam (ro 17-2301) was compared with that of 20 antibiotics against 338 clinical isolates. carumonam did not possess activity against gram-positive cocci, mic90 of carumonam were less than or equal to 0.5 mg/l for enterobacteriaceae, except for citrobacter (less than or equal to 8 mg/l) and less than or equal to 32 mg/l for nonfermenters. it was slightly more active than aztreonam against gentamicin-resistant bacilli (mic90 less than or equal to 64 vs greater th ... | 1987 | 3568798 |
| in-vitro activity of two new quinolone antimicrobial agents, s-25930 and s-25932 compared with that of other agents. | s-25930 and s-25932, two new 4-quinolones, were compared to ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, trimethoprim, and ampicillin. s-25930 and s-25932 inhibited 90% of enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 1 mg/l, usually differing only two-fold. the mic90 for pseudomonas aeruginosa was 8 mg/l for s-25930 and 16 mg/l for s-25932, compared to mics of 1 to 8 for the other four quinolones. both drugs inhibited enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and citro ... | 1987 | 3571042 |
| production of vi monoclonal antibodies and their application as diagnostic reagents. | serum antibodies to vi antigen were detected in mice immunized with the purified antigen but not with vi-bearing salmonella typhi whole cells. fusion of the spleen cells from one of the vi antibody-producing mice with nsi myeloma cells produced four stable hybridomas that secreted antibodies to vi. monoclonal antibodies from these four clones were all of the immunoglobulin g class and, as determined by competition, appeared to have the same epitope specificity. despite their immunoglobulin g nat ... | 1987 | 3571457 |
| [specificity of action of dna methylases bcni, cfri and cfr10i]. | the site specificity of three dna methylases bcni, cfri and cfr10i was determined to be 5'cm4c(c/g)gg, 5'pyggm5ccpu and 5'pum5ccggpy, respectively. using the modification methylases under investigation with known restriction endonucleases, fourteen new dna cleavage specificities can be created. some aspects of the use of restriction endonucleases in dna methylation analysis are discussed. | 1987 | 3574306 |
| [in vitro chemo-antibiotic sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria from various biological materials. comparison between aztreonam and other agents]. | 527 gram negative bacterial strains isolated from different biological substances were studied by chemo-antibiotic sensitivity. the examination was carried out by the agar diffusion test (kirby-bauer). a very good sensitivity to aztreonam (e. coli, serratia spp., klebsiella spp., proteus spp.), to amikacin (pseudomonas spp., enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp.) and to norfloxacin (citrobacter spp.) was found. even when it was not the best, aztreonam was the second (citrobacter spp.) or the third ... | 1987 | 3587729 |
| comparative in vitro activity of carumonam (ro 17-2301/ama-1080), a new monobactam, and ceftriaxone against aerobic or facultative gram-negative isolates. | carumonam (ro 17-2301/ama-1080) is a new monobactam antibiotic. a comparative in vitro evaluation with ceftriaxone was undertaken against 153 gram-negative clinical aerobic or facultative bacteria, both producers and nonproducers of beta-lactamase. results indicated that carumonam had an enhancement of activity for pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae and parallelled that of ceftriaxone against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus ... | 1987 | 3595259 |
| occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistance and r-plasmids in gram-negative bacteria isolated from faecally contaminated fresh-water streams in hong kong. | the bacterial populations of six freshwater streams in populated areas of the hong kong new territories were studied. there is considerable faecal contamination of these streams, with coliform counts as high as 10(5) c.f.u./ml and the contaminating organisms show a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance and multiple resistance. with direct plating of water samples onto antibiotic-containing media, an average of 49% of the gram-negative bacteria were ampicillin-resistant, 3% chloramphenicol-res ... | 1987 | 3595747 |
| in vitro susceptibility of citrobacter species to various antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activities of 16 antimicrobial agents against 14 clinical isolates of citrobacter diversus and 27 isolates of citrobacter freundii were studied. c. freundii isolates were more resistant, being susceptible only to amikacin, netilmicin, gentamicin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and enoxacin. c. diversus isolates were susceptible to many more of the agents tested. | 1987 | 3606084 |
| bacterial survey of well water--tehran, iran. | one hundred twenty-one wells throughout the city of tehran were monitored during the four seasons of the year for the presence of bacterial indicators of fecal pollution. none of the sites monitored was connected to tehran's main water distribution system but represented drinking water sources for small communities, individual factories, hospitals, etc. only 17 samples showed no indication of fecal bacterial contamination throughout the study. the remaining sites were positive for at least one o ... | 1987 | 3608933 |
| enteric colonization with antibiotic resistant bacteria in nurses working in intensive care units. | to determine whether nurses who worked in an intensive care unit (icu) might acquire enteric colonization with gram-negative aerobic bacteria from their patients, rectal swabs were obtained from the patients and nurses in the icu, from nurses working in a coronary care unit (ccu) and from young women with urinary tract infection who had not been exposed to the hospital environment. the healthy women differed from the patients in that their enteric flora contained greater numbers of lactose ferme ... | 1987 | 3610902 |