| moving from rhetoric to action: how africa can use scientific evidence to halt the covid-19 pandemic. | the ongoing pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 has spread rapidly to all countries of the world. africa is particularly predisposed to an escalation of the pandemic and its negative impact given its weak economy and health systems. in addition, inadequate access to the social determinants of health such as water and sanitation and socio-cultural attributes may constrain the implementation of critical preventive measures such as hand washing and social distancing on the continent.given thes ... | 2020 | 33109262 |
| lack of serologic evidence of infection among health care personnel and other contacts of first 2 confirmed patients with covid-19 in illinois, 2020. | widespread global transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), continues. many questions remain about asymptomatic or atypical infections and transmission dynamics. we used comprehensive contact tracing of the first 2 confirmed patients in illinois with covid-19 and serologic sars-cov-2 antibody testing to determine whether contacts had evidence of undetected covid-19. | 2020 | 33108976 |
| ace2 and tmprss2 potential involvement in genetic susceptibility to sars-cov-2 in cancer patients. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has caused a global pandemic. one open question is whether genetics could influence the severity of symptoms. considering the limited data on cancer patients, we analyzed public data repositories limited to investigate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) and the transmembrane serine protease 2 (tmprss2) expressions and genetic variants to identify the basis of individual susceptibility to sars-cov-2.gene expression and variant data ... | 2020 | 33108902 |
| can tenofovir diphosphate be a candidate drug for sars-cov2? first clinical perspective. | covid-19 pandemic continues to spread across the world in late august 2020. to date, total cases of covid-19 exceed 24.5 million including 833.556 deaths according to the who data. governments still taking numerous measures to prevent the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). the estimate for the basic reproduction number during the early stages of the covid-19 outbreak is recently reported as 4.22 ± 1.69 in europe that shows covid-19 has a high transmission ... | 2020 | 33108703 |
| an easy-to-use machine learning model to predict the prognosis of patients with covid-19: retrospective cohort study. | prioritizing patients in need of intensive care is necessary to reduce the mortality rate during the covid-19 pandemic. although several scoring methods have been introduced, many require laboratory or radiographic findings that are not always easily available. | 2020 | 33108316 |
| journal club-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2: impact on copd patients. | | 2020 | 33108113 |
| secondary metabolites from spice and herbs as potential multitarget inhibitors of sars-cov-2 proteins. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has been responsible for the current global pandemic that has caused a death toll of >1.12 million worldwide and number continues to climb in several countries. currently, there are neither specific antiviral drugs nor vaccines for the treatment and prevention of covid-19. we screened in silico, a group of natural spice and herbal secondary metabolites (sms) for their inhibition efficacy against multiple target proteins of sars-cov-2 a ... | 2020 | 33107812 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 spike protein nanogel as a pro-antigen strategy with enhanced protective immune responses. | prevention and intervention methods are urgently needed to curb the global pandemic of coronavirus disease-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2). herein, a general pro-antigen strategy for subunit vaccine development based on the reversibly formulated receptor binding domain of sars-cov-2 spike protein (s-rbd) is reported. since the poor lymph node targeting and uptake of s-rbd by antigen-presenting cells prevent effective immune responses, s-rbd protein is fo ... | 2020 | 33107685 |
| comparing two sample pooling strategies for sars-cov-2 rna detection for efficient screening of covid-19. | the emerging pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has affected over 200 countries and resulted in a shortage of diagnostic resources globally. rapid diagnosis of covid-19 is vital to control the spreading of the disease, which however is challenged by limited detection capacity and low detection efficiency in many parts of the world. the pooling test may offer an economical and effective approach to increase virus testing capacity of medical laboratories without requiring more laborat ... | 2020 | 33107614 |
| [evaluation of sars-cov-2 pcr positive cases in the pediatric emergency department]. | in december 2019, a previously unknown type of coronavirus was detected in china and named as "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2)". the world health organization has named the sars-cov-2 related as coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) and declared it as a pandemic. there is a limited data about the covid-19 disease for the pediatric patients. in this study, it was aimed to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and radiologic findings, treatment and clinical ... | 2020 | 33107292 |
| analytical performance evaluation of five rt-pcr kits for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. | we aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of five commercial rt-pcr kits (genekey, daan, biogerm, liferiver, and yaneng) commonly used in china, since such comparison data are lacking. | 2020 | 33107116 |
| covid-19: an overview for dermatologists. | numerous unexplained pneumonia cases were reported to the world health organization (who) by wuhan, china, in december 2020. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), a zoonotic pathogen, came into sight, spreading coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) all over the globe. association of cutaneous signs and symptoms with covid-19 is being studied worldwide, principally, to determine if these dermatoses can help in early recognition of sars-cov-2 infection. these dermatological m ... | 2020 | 33107038 |
| derivation and internal validation of a model to predict the probability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection in community people. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) causes covid-19 disease. there are concerns regarding limited testing capacity and the exclusion of cases from unproven screening criteria. knowing covid-19 risks can inform testing. this study derived and assessed a model to predict risk of sars-cov-2 in community-based people. | 2020 | 33107007 |
| role of oxidative stress on sars-cov (sars) and sars-cov-2 (covid-19) infection: a review. | novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has resulted in a global pandemic and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). several studies have suggested that a precise disulfide-thiol balance is crucial for viral entry and fusion into the host cell and that oxidative stress generated from free radicals can affect this balance. here, we reviewed the current knowledge about the role of oxidative stress on sars-cov and sars-cov-2 infections. we focused on the impact ... | 2020 | 33106987 |
| clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected covid-19. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), has spread around the world. however, approaches to distinguish covid-19 from pneumonia caused by other pathogens have not yet been reported. we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 97 children with probable covid-19. a total of 13 (13.4%) patients were confirmed positive for sars-cov-2 infection by nucleic acid rt-pcr testing, and 41 (42.3%) patients were found to be in ... | 2020 | 33106939 |
| restriction of sars-cov-2 replication by targeting programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting in vitro. | translation of open reading frame 1b (orf1b) in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) requires programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 prf) promoted by an rna pseudoknot. the extent to which sars-cov-2 replication may be sensitive to changes in -1 prf efficiency is currently unknown. through an unbiased, reporter-based high-throughput compound screen, we identified merafloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibacterial, as a -1 prf inhibitor of sars-cov-2. frameshift inhibition b ... | 2020 | 33106809 |
| getting back to work: a framework and pivot plan to resume elective surgery and procedures after covid-19. | the covid-19 pandemic has compelled a majority of hospital systems to reduce surgical and procedural volumes in an attempt to preserve resources. elective surgery and procedures (esp) resumption has proven to be a calculated risk between covid-19 exposure and resource depletion and patient morbidity and mortality from surgical deferral. | 2020 | 33106786 |
| potential of graphene-based materials to combat covid-19: properties, perspectives and prospects. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), a new virus in coronavirus family that causes coronavirus disease (covid-19), emerges as a big threat to the human race. to date, there is no medicine and vaccine available for covid-19 treatment. while the development of medicines and vaccines are essentially and urgently required, what is also extremely important is the repurposing of smart materials to design effective systems for combating covid-19. graphene and graphene-related m ... | 2020 | 33106780 |
| probing infectious disease by single-cell rna sequencing: progresses and perspectives. | the increasing application of single-cell rna sequencing (scrna-seq) technology in life science and biomedical research has significantly increased our understanding of the cellular heterogeneities in immunology, oncology and developmental biology. this review will summarize the development of various scrna-seq technologies; primarily discussing the application of scrna-seq on infectious diseases, and exploring the current development, challenges, and potential applications of scrna-seq technolo ... | 2020 | 33106757 |
| genetically modified mouse models to help fight covid-19. | the research community is in a race to understand the molecular mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection, to repurpose currently available antiviral drugs and to develop new therapies and vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). one major challenge in achieving these goals is the paucity of suitable preclinical animal models. mice constitute ~70% of all the laboratory animal species used in biomedical research. unfortunately, sars-cov-2 in ... | 2020 | 33106680 |
| bcg revaccination of health workers in brazil to improve innate immune responses against covid-19: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. | the bcg vaccine, widely used in brazil in new-borns, induces adjuvant protection for several diseases, including childhood virus infections. bcg activates monocytes and innate memory nk cells which are crucial for the antiviral immune response. therefore, strategies to prevent covid-19 in health workers (hw) should be carried out to prevent them becoming unwell so that they can continue to work during the pandemic. the hypothesis is that bcg will improve the innate immune response and prevent sy ... | 2020 | 33106170 |
| ischemic stroke occurs less frequently in patients with covid-19: a multicenter cross-sectional study. | the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) on the occurrence of ischemic stroke has been the subject of increased speculation but has not been confirmed in large observational studies. we investigated the association between covid-19 and stroke. | 2020 | 33106109 |
| the sars-cov-2 spike glycoprotein as a drug and vaccine target: structural insights into its complexes with ace2 and antibodies. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease (covid-19) pandemic, has so far resulted in more than 1.1 m deaths and 40 m cases worldwide with no confirmed remedy yet available. since the first outbreak in wuhan, china in december 2019, researchers across the globe have been in a race to develop therapies and vaccines against the disease. sars-cov-2, similar to other previously identified coronaviridae family members, encodes several ... | 2020 | 33105869 |
| investigation of the importance of climatic factors in covid-19 worldwide intensity. | the transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and the severity of the related disease (covid-19) are influenced by a large number of factors. this study aimed to investigate the correlation of covid-19 case and death rates with possible causal climatological and sociodemographic factors for the march to may 2020 (first wave) period in a worldwide scale by statistically processing data for over one hundred countries. the weather parameters considered herein ... | 2020 | 33105818 |
| association between personal protective equipment and sars-cov-2 infection risk in emergency department healthcare workers. | healthcare personnel working in the emergency department (ed) is at risk of acquiring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2). so far, it is unknown if the reported variety in infection rates among healthcare personnel is related to the use of personal protective equipment (ppe) or other factors. | 2020 | 33105329 |
| use of a humanized anti-cd6 monoclonal antibody (itolizumab) in elderly patients with moderate covid-19. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has caused a recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (covid-19). in cuba, the first case of covid-19 was reported on march 11, 2020. elderly individuals with multiple comorbidities are particularly susceptible to adverse clinical outcomes in the course of sars-cov-2 infection. during the outbreak, a local transmission event took place in a nursing home in villa clara province, cuba, in which 19 elderly residents tested positive for sars ... | 2020 | 33105142 |
| airborne transmission of sars-cov-2 via aerosols. | a key consideration in the covid-19 pandemic is the dominant modes of transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) virus. the objective of this review was to synthesise the evidence for the potential airborne transmission of sars-cov-2 via aerosols. systematic literature searches were conducted in pubmed, embase, europe pmc and national health service uk evidence up to 27 july 2020. a protocol was published and cochrane guidance for rapid review methodology wa ... | 2020 | 33105071 |
| origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and covid-19. | | 2020 | 33104977 |
| single-cell expression profiles of ace2 and tmprss2 reveals potential vertical transmission and fetus infection of sars-cov-2. | morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is age-dependent. it remains unclear whether vertical severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) occurs during pregnancy and how such infection will affect fetal development. here, we performed single-cell transcriptomic analysis of placenta and other tissues from fetuses in comparison with those from adults using public-available datasets. our analysis revealed that a very small proportion of trophoblast cells expr ... | 2020 | 33104520 |
| high-throughput wastewater analysis for substance use assessment in central new york during the covid-19 pandemic. | wastewater entering sewer networks represents a unique source of pooled epidemiological information. in this study, we coupled online solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry to achieve high-throughput analysis of health and lifestyle-related substances in untreated municipal wastewater during the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic. twenty-six substances were identified and quantified in influent samples collected from six wastewater treatment ... | 2020 | 33104143 |
| covid-19 in neonates: a call for standardized testing. | the limited evidence on neonatal coronavirus disease (covid-19) suggests that vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is rare, and most neonates seem to acquire the infection postnatally through respiratory droplets and contact. testing of neonates with perinatal or postnatal exposure to covid-19 infection plays a vital role in the early diagnosis, management and institution of infection prevention measures thereby cutting off the chain of epidemic t ... | 2020 | 33103659 |
| immunization during the covid-19 pandemic: recommendations from indian academy of pediatrics advisory committee on vaccines and immunization. | during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic, immunization practices of all age groups, especially routine childhood vaccines, have been interrupted. immunization is considered an essential health activity, which needs to be resumed as early as possible. this pandemic has created several unique issues related to routine immunization of individual children at clinics, which needs to be addressed. in this communication, the advisory committee on vaccines and imm ... | 2020 | 33103658 |
| natural phyto, compounds as possible noncovalent inhibitors against sars-cov2 protease: computational approach. | at present, there is no cure or vaccine for the devastating new highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) that has affected people globally. herein, we identified potent phytocompounds from two antiviral plants momordica charantia l. and azadirachta indica used locally for the treatment of viral and parasitic infections. structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics (md) simulation have been employed to study their inhibitory potential against the ... | 2020 | 33103616 |
| risk analysis and hot spots detection of sars-cov-2 in nigeria using demographic and environmental variables: an early assessment of transmission dynamics. | this study evaluated the effect of demographic and environmental variables on the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in nigeria. daily data on confirmed cases on sars-cov-2 were obtained, data layers for environmental and demographic factors were acquired. using epidemiological, environmental and demographic datasets obtained, the maxent tool was used to identify the risk areas of sars-cov-2 while getis-ord gi* statistics on arcmap 10.7 was used to ident ... | 2020 | 33103470 |
| sars-cov-2 infection fatality rate among elderly retired danish blood donors - a cross-sectional study. | despite the vast majority of individuals succumbing to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) are elderly, infection fatality rate (ifr) estimates for the age group 70 years older are still scarce. to this end we assessed sars-cov-2 seroprevalence among retired blood donors and combined it with national covid-19 survey data to provide reliable population-based ifr estimates for this age group. | 2020 | 33103182 |
| recent advances in endoscope disinfection: where do we stand in the covid era? | over sixteen million cases worldwide, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has profoundly affected healthcare as we know it. given reports of gi involvement and viral shedding in the stool, it is unsurprising there are concerns that endoscopic equipment may be a potential vector of viral transmission. here, we provide an overview of existing practices for endoscope reprocessing, recent developments in the field, and challenges in the covid-19 environment. current multi-society guideli ... | 2020 | 33103131 |
| safety in endoscopy for patients and healthcare workers during the covid-19 pandemic. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), is still wreaking havoc in many parts of the world and poses a great burden to healthcare systems worldwide. mitigation and suppression strategies have been implemented globally but the disease has proven to be difficult to contain. initially many elective gastrointestinal (gi) endoscopies were cancelled to reduce the risk of infection and conserve personal protective equipment (p ... | 2020 | 33103130 |
| integrative transcriptome analyses empower the anti-covid-19 drug arsenal. | the beginning of the 21st century has been marked by three distinct waves of zoonotic coronavirus outbreaks into the human population. the covid-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and emerged as a global threat endangering the livelihoods of millions worldwide. currently, and despite collaborative efforts, diverse therapeutic strategies from ongoing clinical trials are still debated. to address the need for such an imm ... | 2020 | 33103068 |
| time-related changes in sex distribution of covid-19 incidence proportion in italy. | variable sex-disaggregated data on coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) incidence proportion (ip) have been reported in different datasets and studies. factors explaining the inconsistent distribution of covid-19 among sexes are still unclear. | 2020 | 33102879 |
| new-onset pustular psoriasis in the setting of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection causing coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). | | 2020 | 33102669 |
| cardiovascular changes in patients with covid-19 from wuhan, china. | background: coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is rapidly spreading and resulting in a significant loss of life around the world. however, specific information characterizing cardiovascular changes in covid-19 is limited. methods: in this single-centered, observational study, we enrolled 38 adult patients with covid-19 from february 10 to march 13, 2020. clinical records, laboratory findings, echocardiography, and electrocardiogram reports were collected and analyzed. results: of the 38 patient ... | 2020 | 33102532 |
| thrombosis and covid-19: the potential role of nutrition. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), responsible for the coronavirus disease (covid-19), is a contagion that has rapidly spread around the globe. covid-19 has caused significant loss of life and disrupted global society at a level never before encountered. while the disease was predominantly characterized by respiratory symptoms initially, it became clear that other systems including the cardiovascular and neurological systems were also involved. several thrombotic compl ... | 2020 | 33102511 |
| a covid-19 outbreak in a rheumatology department upon the early days of the pandemic. | objectives: to describe our experience with a coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak within a large rheumatology department early in the pandemic. methods: symptomatic and asymptomatic healthcare workers (hcws) had a naso-oropharyngeal swab for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and were followed clinically. reverse transcription polymerase-chain reaction (rt-pcr) was repeated to document cure, and serological response was assessed. patients with risk ... | 2020 | 33102507 |
| an asymptomatic sars-cov-2-infected infant with persistent fecal viral rna shedding in a family cluster: a rare case report. | an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has become pandemic worldwide. a better understanding of asymptomatic infections is crucial to prevent and control this epidemic. here, we report the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of a family cluster with sars-cov-2 infection. in the family cluster, a 32-year-old male (case 1) and a 53-year-old female (case 2, the mother-in-law of case 1) exhibited clinical s ... | 2020 | 33102500 |
| sars-cov-2 infections in the world: an estimation of the infected population and a measure of how higher detection rates save lives. | this paper provides an estimation of the accumulated detection rates and the accumulated number of infected individuals by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). worldwide, on july 20, it has been estimated above 160 million individuals infected by sars-cov-2. moreover, it is found that only about 1 out of 11 infected individuals are detected. in an information context in which population-based seroepidemiological studies are not frequently available, this study ... | 2020 | 33102412 |
| covid-19 rapid diagnostic test could contain transmission in low- and middle-income countries. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) has impacted heavily on global health. although real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) is the current diagnostic method, challenges for low- and middle-income countries (lmics) necessitate cheaper, higher-throughput, reliable rapid diagnostic tests (rdts). | 2020 | 33102170 |
| pneumothorax in covid-19 pneumonia: a case series. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). it mainly affects the lungs and common symptoms are fever, cough and shortness of breath. pneumothorax has been noted to complicate covid-19 cases requiring hospital admission, however the exact incidence and risk factors are still unknown. | 2020 | 33101895 |
| subcutaneous emphysema in patients with covid-19 infection: a report of three cases. | subcutaneous emphysema is a rare complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) pneumonia that should prompt immediate attention to find its cause. herein, we describe three patients with sars-cov-2 pneumonia who were admitted to the icu and developed subcutaneous emphysema and one with a concomitant pneumothorax. three patients with diagnosis of sars-cov-2 pneumonia admitted to the icu developed subcutaneous emphysema during the hospital admission. one of them who ... | 2020 | 33101806 |
| should we rely on screening tests for further management alone in polymerase chain reaction negative covid-19 patients? a case series. | since the declaration of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) disease as a pandemic by the world health organization (who), it has been a challenge to the whole medical community. researchers and clinicians have been trying to explain and explore its mechanism and pathophysiology to get a better understanding of this disease, as it has exhausted the healthcare resources and has impacted human life in general. many tests have been developed including polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of the virus an ... | 2020 | 33101802 |
| to anticoagulate or not: acute stroke in a covid-19 patient with gastrointestinal bleed. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is a member of the coronavirus family, which comprises enveloped positive sense ribonucleic acid (rna) viruses responsible for pandemic outbreaks including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), middle eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), and most recently coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). a 30-year-old previously healthy male diagnosed 11 days earlier with covid-19 presented with right-sided weakn ... | 2020 | 33101801 |
| bioethical implications in vaccine development, a covid-19 challenge. | introduction in the last 18 years, on three occasions, coronavirus has represented a challenge for global health. between 2002 and 2003 with severe acute respiratory syndrome, in 2012 with middle east respiratory syndrome, and since the end of 2019 with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, which has challenged health care models and the way of doing research, placing bioethics at the center of discussion. methods ... | 2020 | 33101792 |
| unexpected ground-glass opacities on abdominopelvic ct of a patient with a negative sars-cov-2 antigen test result and no respiratory symptoms upon admission. | one of the biggest challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic continues to be the detection of asymptomatic and presymptomatic persons infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). persons infected with sars-cov-2 who do not have symptoms of covid-19 may transmit the virus to others and may have subclinical lung abnormalities. some hospitals use sars-cov-2 antigen tests for pre-admission screening testing because they are relatively inexpensi ... | 2020 | 33101790 |
| covid-19-associated coagulopathy: a case report of thrombosis despite therapeutic anticoagulation. | the coronavirus disease (covid-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has led to tremendous morbidity and mortality. various inflammatory markers have been monitored and considered to be associated with disease prognosis. one of the major sources of comorbidity involved has been development of thrombosis alongside the infection. this prothrombotic phenomenon considered, covid-19-associated coagulopathy (cac), has been the center of discussion in dea ... | 2020 | 33101734 |
| biochemical parameters and pathogenesis of sars-cov-2 infection in vital organs: covid-19 outbreak in iran. | since its emergence, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has spread worldwide, and led to ever-increasing mortality. sars-cov-2 infection perturbs the function of the body's vital organs, making patients of all ages susceptible to the disease. nevertheless, individuals developing critical illness with poor outcomes were mostly the elderly and people with co-morbid conditions, who constituted the vast majority of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) fatalities. complicatio ... | 2020 | 33101694 |
| use of lung ultrasound for diagnosis and monitoring of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: a case report. | knowledge of lung ultrasound characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia might be useful for early diagnosis and clinical monitoring of patients, and lung ultrasound can help to control the spread of infection in healthcare settings. in this case report, a 36-year-old man with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was diagnosed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing of a nasopharyngeal swab. the lung ultrasound findings for this patient were the ... | 2020 | 33101684 |
| head and neck practice in the covid-19 pandemics today: a rapid systematic review. | introduction head and neck specialists and otorhinolaryngologists are greatly exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) transmission in their everyday praxis. many articles are being published regarding medical staff protection and patient management during the pandemic. objective to provide an easy access to and a trustful review of the main aspects that have changed in the head and neck surgery and otorhinolaryngology practice due to the covid-19 pandemic. data synthesis the search ter ... | 2020 | 33101521 |
| covid-19 and diabetes mellitus: unraveling the hypotheses that worsen the prognosis (review). | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection and the caused disease - coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), has affected so far >6,000,000 people worldwide, with variable grades of severity, and has already inflicted >350,000 deaths. sars-cov-2 infection seems severely affected by background diseases such as diabetes mellitus and its related complications, that seem to be favoring the most severe manifestations of sars-cov-2 and, therefore, require special attention in c ... | 2020 | 33101484 |
| traditional herbal medicine candidates as complementary treatments for covid-19: a review of their mechanisms, pros and cons. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is a new infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) that belongs to the coronavirus family. the first case was reported in december 2019, and the disease has become a pandemic. impaired immune regulation is one of the factors that play a role in its pathogenesis and results in poor outcomes of covid-19 patients. there have been many studies with drug candidates used as antivirals or immunomodulators. however, the ... | 2020 | 33101440 |
| infectivity and progression of covid-19 based on selected host candidate gene variants. | introduction: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) has spread around the globe. susceptibility has been associated with age, biological sex, and other prior existing health conditions. however, host genes are involved in viral infectivity and pathogenicity, and polymorphisms in these could be responsible for the interethnic/interindividual variability observed in infection and progression of covid-19. materials and methods: clinical exome data of 103 individuals was analy ... | 2020 | 33101356 |
| is herd immunity against sars-cov-2 a silver lining? | | 2020 | 33101320 |
| inflammation, thrombosis, and destruction: the three-headed cerberus of trauma- and sars-cov-2-induced ards. | physical trauma can be considered an unrecognized "pandemic" because it can occur anywhere and affect anyone and represents a global burden. following severe tissue trauma, patients frequently develop acute lung injury (ali) and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) despite modern surgical and intensive care concepts. the underlying complex pathophysiology of life-threatening ali/ards has been intensively studied in experimental and clinical settings. however, currently, the coronavirus ... | 2020 | 33101314 |
| covid-19: perspectives on innate immune evasion. | the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 infection achieved pandemic status on march 11, 2020. as of september 8, 2020 it has caused over 890,000 mortalities world-wide. coronaviral infections are enabled by potent immunoevasory mechanisms that target multiple aspects of innate immunity, with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) able to induce a cytokine storm, impair interferon responses, and suppress antigen presentation on both mhc class i and class ii. underst ... | 2020 | 33101306 |
| perspective: the potential effects of naringenin in covid-19. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), was declared a pandemic by the world health organization in march 2020. severe covid-19 cases develop severe acute respiratory syndrome, which can result in multiple organ failure, sepsis, and death. the higher risk group includes the elderly and subjects with pre-existing chronic illnesses such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. to date, no specific treatment or vaccine is available ... | 2020 | 33101291 |
| stabilizing cellular barriers: raising the shields against covid-19. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and its clinical manifestation (covid-19; coronavirus disease 2019) have caused a worldwide health crisis. disruption of epithelial and endothelial barriers is a key clinical turning point that differentiates patients who are likely to develop severe covid-19 outcomes: it marks a significant escalation in respiratory symptoms, loss of viral containment and a progression toward multi-organ dysfunction. these barrier mechanisms are i ... | 2020 | 33101215 |
| falling dynamics of sars-cov-2 as a function of respiratory droplet size and human height. | the purpose of this study is to quantify the motion dynamics of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). | 2020 | 33100940 |
| the dynamic treatment of sars-cov-2 disease. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) or novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) emerged from china in december 2019 and progressed to become a global pandemic. our understanding of its pathophysiology and potential management was initially extrapolated from previous epidemics of coronaviruses like sars and mers. sars-cov-2 is asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic in more than 80% of patients and requires no additional management; however, the remaining patients progress ... | 2020 | 33100531 |
| analytical insights of covid-19 pandemic. | coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (2019-ncov or sars-cov-2). genomic analysis has revealed that bat and pangolin coronaviruses are phylogenetically related to sars-cov-2. the actual origin and passage history of the virus are unknown, but human-human transmission of the virus has been confirmed. several diagnostic techniques have been developed to detect covid-19 in this prevailing pandemic period. in this review, we provide an ove ... | 2020 | 33100439 |
| an overview of potential therapeutic agents to treat covid-19. | the emerging novel coronavirus disease (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has swept across the world and become a global threat to public health. more than 200 countries and territories worldwide are suffering from this covid-19 pandemic. worryingly, no specific vaccines or drugs have been approved for the prevention or treatment of covid-19. under the pressure of a sustained rise in the incidence and mortality of covid-19, an unprecedented global ... | 2020 | 33100290 |
| orf3a mutation associated with higher mortality rate in sars-cov-2 infection. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has recently caused acute respiratory distress syndrome affecting more than 200 countries with varied mortality rate. successive genetic variants of sars-cov-2 become evident across the globe immediately after its complete genome sequencing. here, we found a decent association of sars-cov-2 orf3a mutation with higher mortality rate. extensive in silico studies revealed several amino acid changes in orf3a protein which ultimately leads ... | 2020 | 33100263 |
| effectiveness of steroid treatment for sars-cov-2 pneumonia with cop-like reaction: a case report. | several studies on the treatment of coronavirus disease (covid-19) are being conducted, and various drugs are being tried; however, the results have not been uniform. steroids have been widely used in the treatment of covid-19, but their effects are controversial. as immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agents, steroids are considered to reduce lung damage by regulating various inflammatory responses. we report a case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pneumonia manifesting as ... | 2020 | 33100248 |
| electrolyte disturbances in sars-cov-2 infection. | the global pandemic secondary to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is leading to unprecedented global morbidity and mortality. with a bewildering array of complications, renal involvement in various forms is common, including serum electrolyte derangements. hypokalaemia secondary to sars-cov-2 was common in a reported chinese cohort. here we review the emerging evidence on hypokalaemia and sars-cov-2 infection, the potential pathophysiological mechanisms based on e ... | 2020 | 33093945 |
| sars-cov-2 infection and the gut-liver axis. | patients affected with covid-19 that is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, manifest various gastrointestinal and hepatic abnormalities alongside respiratory disorder. the identification of this virus in the feces of more than 50% of infected individuals indicates the possibility of viral shedding and fecal to oral transmission. preliminary reports have also identified alterations in the intestinal microbiota profile in the infected individuals. moreover, covid-19 pati ... | 2020 | 33099897 |
| a case of a newborn baby girl infected with sars-cov-2 due to transplacental viral transmission. | background severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is a highly infectious virus and is responsible for the current pandemic. it mainly infects cells of the lower respiratory tract and has been linked to severe respiratory complications. although multiple routes of transmission have been reported in the literature, there is no definitive evidence for transplacental transmission. we present a case of neonatal sars-cov-2 likely due to transplacental transmission. case report 31 ... | 2020 | 33099570 |
| understanding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 replication to design efficient drug combination therapies. | the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and its disease co-vid-19 has strongly encouraged the search for antiviral compounds. most of the evaluated drugs against sars-cov-2 derive from drug repurposing of food and drug administration-approved molecules. these drugs have as target three major processes: (1) early stages of virus-cell interaction, (2) viral proteases, and (3) the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. | 2020 | 33099545 |
| brief comparative evaluation of six open one-step rt-qpcr mastermixes for the detection of sars-cov-2 rna using a taqman probe. | facing the emergence of a new rna virus, clinical laboratories are often helpless in the case of a shortage of reagents recommended by reference centres. | 2020 | 33099260 |
| a novel rapid detection for sars-cov-2 spike 1 antigens using human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ace2). | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), a newly emerging human infectious disease. because no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines are available to treat covid-19, early diagnostics, isolation, and prevention are crucial for containing the outbreak. molecular diagnostics using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) are the current gold standard for detection. however, viral rnas are much less stable during transpo ... | 2020 | 33099241 |
| seroconversion in patients with cancer and oncology healthcare workers infected by sars-cov-2. | patients with cancer have high risk for severe complications and poor outcome to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2)-related disease (coronavirus disease 2019 [covid-19]). almost all subjects with covid-19 develop anti-sars-cov-2 immunoglobulin-g (igg) within three weeks after infection. no data are available on the seroconversion rates of cancer patients and covid-19. | 2020 | 33098994 |
| translating bioactive peptides for covid-19 therapy. | covid-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), a positive-sense rna virus. this virus has emerged as a threat to global health, social stability, and the global economy. this pandemic continues to cause rampant mortality worldwide with the dire urgency to develop novel therapeutic agents. to meet this task, this article discusses advances in the research and potential application of bioactive peptides for possible ... | 2020 | 33098835 |
| new-onset myocardial injury in covid-19 pregnant patients: a case series of 15 patients. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is the new coronavirus responsible for the coronavirus disease (covid-19), characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome and atypical pneumonia. in non-pregnant women, studies have shown that sars-cov-2 causes cardiac injury, which can result in myocardial inflammation and damage. despite many studies investigating the extent of cardiac compromise in severely ill covid-19 patients, little is known regarding its impact on pregnan ... | 2020 | 33098814 |
| are children with sars-cov-2 infection at high risk for thrombosis? viscoelastic testing and coagulation profiles in a case series of pediatric patients. | the coagulopathy of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is well documented in adults, with increases in d-dimer and prothrombin time found to be strong predictors of mortality, and anticoagulation shown to decrease this mortality. viscoelastic parameters such as elevations in maximum clot firmness (mcf) on rotational thromboelastometry (rotem) have correlated with a hypercoagulable state in adults with sars-cov-2. we report our experience in children infected w ... | 2020 | 33098753 |
| chronic lymphocytic leukemia concomitant with covid 19: a case report. | background covid-19 is a newly emerging disease that is not yet fully understood. it is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), a novel virus that is easily transmitted from human to human through the respiratory route. usually, it presents with fever, headache, fatigue accompanied by respiratory symptoms like cough and dyspnea, and other systemic involvements. chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) is a common lymphoproliferative neoplasm characterized by absolute ly ... | 2020 | 33098641 |
| assessing risk factors for severe forms of covid-19 in a pregnant population: a clinical series from lombardy, italy. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has caused a global health emergency [1, 2], with lombardy being the epicenter of this outbreak in italy [3]. | 2020 | 33098568 |
| stem cell therapy for covid-19, ards and pulmonary fibrosis. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). covid-19 mainly causes damage to the lung, as well as other organs and systems such as the hearts, the immune system and so on. although the pathogenesis of covid-19 has been fully elucidated, there is no specific therapy for the disease at present, and most treatments are limited to supportive care. stem cell therapy may be a potential treatment ... | 2020 | 33098357 |
| postmortem neuropathology in covid-19. | this study concerns the clinicopathologic correlation of 50 decedents of 2019 coronavirus disease (covid-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) from among 250 reported patients succumbing to covid-19 illness (1-7) who underwent detailed postmortem neuropathological studies. this disease, which starts in the lungs, is a multisystem disorder affecting all major organs including the brain. these cases provide a more complete picture of covid-19 illness, and are impo ... | 2020 | 33098141 |
| modeling covid-19 scenarios for the united states. | we use covid-19 case and mortality data from 1 february 2020 to 21 september 2020 and a deterministic seir (susceptible, exposed, infectious and recovered) compartmental framework to model possible trajectories of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infections and the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions in the united states at the state level from 22 september 2020 through 28 february 2021. using this seir model, and projections of critical driving covariates (pn ... | 2020 | 33097835 |
| sars-cov-2 orf6 hijacks nup98 to block stat nuclear import and antagonize interferon signaling. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic that is a serious global health problem. evasion of ifn-mediated antiviral signaling is a common defense strategy that pathogenic viruses use to replicate and propagate in their host. in this study, we show that sars-cov-2 is able to efficiently block stat1 and stat2 nuclear translocation in order to impair transcriptional induction of ifn-stimulated gen ... | 2020 | 33097660 |
| the interaction of natural and vaccine-induced immunity with social distancing predicts the evolution of the covid-19 pandemic. | the existence and nature of immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) are currently unknown; however, neutralizing antibodies are thought to play the major role and data from studying other coronaviruses suggest that partial clinical immunity lasting up to 1 year will occur postinfection. we show how immunity, depending on its durability, may work with current social practices to limit the spread of the virus. we further show that a vaccine that is 50% effective an ... | 2020 | 33097654 |
| rapid antibody-based covid-19 mass surveillance: relevance, challenges, and prospects in a pandemic and post-pandemic world. | the aggressive outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) as covid-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) pandemic demands rapid and simplified testing tools for its effective management. increased mass testing and surveillance are crucial for controlling the disease spread, obtaining better pandemic statistics, and developing realistic epidemiological models. despite the advantages of nucleic acid- and antigen-based tests such as accuracy, specificity, and non-invasive ... | 2020 | 33096742 |
| factors associated with clinical outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in guangzhou, china. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is threatening billions of people. we described the clinical characteristics and explore virological and immunological factors associated with clinical outcomes. | 2020 | 33096290 |
| clinical characteristics and predictors of 28-day mortality in 352 critically ill patients with covid-19: a retrospective study. | since the first covid-19 patient in saudi arabia (march, 2020) more than 338,539 cases and approximately 4996 dead were reported. we present the main characteristics and outcomes of critically ill covid-19 patients that were admitted in the largest ministry of health intensive care unit (icu) in saudi arabia. | 2020 | 33095982 |
| a national cross-sectional survey of public perceptions of the covid-19 pandemic: self-reported beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors. | efforts to mitigate the global spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) causing corona virus disease-19 (covid-19) have largely relied on broad compliance with public health recommendations yet navigating the high volume of evolving information can be challenging. we assessed self-reported public perceptions related to covid-19 including, beliefs (e.g., severity, concerns, health), knowledge (e.g., transmission, information sources), and behaviors (e.g., physica ... | 2020 | 33095836 |
| bilateral pulmonary emboli in a teenager with positive sars-cov-2 antibody. | thromboembolic phenomena, particularly pulmonary emboli, have been described in adult patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection, but have been less evident in children. we describe a case of a teenager with bilateral pulmonary emboli leading to cardiovascular collapse in the setting of a positive sars-cov-2 igm antibody. | 2020 | 33095516 |
| the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (raas) inhibitors is associated with a lower risk of mortality in hypertensive covid-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (raas) inhibitors, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (aceis) and angiotensin receptor blockers (arbs) are one of the most prescribed antihypertensive medications. previous studies showed raas inhibitors increase the expression of ace2, a cellular receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), which provokes a concern that the use of acei and arb in hypertensive individuals might lead to increased mortality and seve ... | 2020 | 33095513 |
| nutrition support during prone positioning: an old technique reawakened by covid-19. | acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) is a complex disease characterized by inflammation, resulting in diffuse alveolar damage, proliferation, and fibrosis, and carries a high mortality rate. recently, the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has overwhelmed healthcare systems worldwide, as many patients have required hospitalization for the management of respiratory failure similar in nature to ards. in addition to lung-protective ventilation str ... | 2020 | 33095474 |
| evolutionary dynamics of sars-cov-2 nucleocapsid protein and its consequences. | the emerged novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has created a global health crisis that warrants an accurate and detailed characterization of the rapidly evolving viral genome for understanding its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and containment. here, we explored 61,485 sequences of the nucleocapsid (n) protein, a potent diagnostic and prophylactic target, for identifying the mutations to review their roles in real-time polymerase chain reaction based diag ... | 2020 | 33095454 |
| hydroxychloroquine: a comprehensive review and its controversial role in coronavirus disease 2019. | hydroxychloroquine, initially used as an antimalarial, is used as an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent for the management of autoimmune and rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. lately, there has been interest in its potential efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, with several speculated mechanisms. the purpose of this review is to elaborate on the mechanisms surrounding hydroxychloroquine. the review is an in-depth analysis of the antima ... | 2021 | 33095083 |
| discovery of novel pyrazole derivatives as a potent anti-inflammatory agent in raw264.7 cells via inhibition of nf-ĸb for possible benefit against sars-cov-2. | due to unavailability of a specific drug/vaccine to attenuate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the current strategy to combat the infection has been largely dependent upon the use of anti-inflammatory drugs to control cytokines storm responsible for respiratory depression. thus, in this study, we discovered novel pyrazole analogs as a potent nuclear factor kappa b (nf-ĸb) inhibitor. the compounds were assessed for nf-ĸb transcriptional inhibitory activity in raw264.7 cells after ... | 2020 | 33094891 |
| detection of neutralising antibodies to sars-cov-2 to determine population exposure in scottish blood donors between march and may 2020. | backgroundthe progression and geographical distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection in the united kingdom (uk) and elsewhere is unknown because typically only symptomatic individuals are diagnosed. we performed a serological study of blood donors in scotland in the spring of 2020 to detect neutralising antibodies to sars-cov-2 as a marker of past infection and epidemic progression.aimour objective was to determine if sera from blood bank donors can b ... | 2020 | 33094713 |
| caffeine and caffeine-containing pharmaceuticals as promising inhibitors for 3-chymotrypsin-like protease of sars-cov-2. | in december 2019, a new coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) led to the outbreak of a pulmonary disease called covid-19, which killed thousands of people worldwide. therefore, the necessity to find out the potential therapeutic pharmaceuticals is imperious. this study investigates the inhibitory effect of sars-cov-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3clpro) using caffeine and caffeine-containing pharmaceuticals (3cps) based on molecular dynamics simulations ... | 2020 | 33094705 |
| potential therapeutic use of corticosteroids as sars cov-2 main protease inhibitors: a computational study. | the outbreak of covid-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars cov-2), represents a pandemic threat to global public health. to date, ∼530,000 people died of this disease worldwide. presently, researchers/clinicians are adopting the drug repurposing strategy to combat this disease. it has also been observed that some repurposed anti-viral drugs may serve as potent inhibitors of sars cov-2 mpro, a key component of viral replication. apart from these anti-viral drugs, re ... | 2020 | 33094701 |