| alive smc(2) : bayesian model selection for low-count time series models with intractable likelihoods. | in this article we present a new method for performing bayesian parameter inference and model choice for low- count time series models with intractable likelihoods. the method involves incorporating an alive particle filter within a sequential monte carlo (smc) algorithm to create a novel exact-approximate algorithm, which we refer to as alive smc2. the advantages of this approach over competing methods are that it is naturally adaptive, it does not involve between-model proposals required in re ... | 2016 | 26584211 |
| belowground fungal associations and water interact to influence the compensatory response of ipomopsis aggregata. | although the concept that some plants benefit from being eaten is counterintuitive, there is now considerable evidence demonstrating enhanced fitness following herbivory. it has been assumed that plants growing in high resource conditions are the ones best able to compensate for herbivory. however, just the opposite has been found for dicotyledonous plants exhibiting patterns of overcompensation, with most occurring in resource-poor conditions. long-term studies of the monocarpic biennial, scarl ... | 2016 | 26497124 |
| effect of different chilling rates on the quality parameters of mule duck fatty liver. | the aim of this experiment was to study the effect of chilling rates on the quality features of fatty livers. three different chilling rates were applied: ultra-fast (uf), fast (fa), and slow (sl). technological and proteomic results were compared at time t1 when the internal temperature of livers reached 10°c and at time t2=24 h post mortem. samples from the uf group reached the t1 temperature at 50 min post mortem and had the least hard livers and the lowest cooking loss percentage (25±9%) at ... | 2015 | 26475074 |
| cheek tooth extraction via a minimally invasive transbuccal approach and intradental screw placement in 54 equids. | to describe (1) preoperative findings and surgical technique, (2) intraoperative difficulties, and (3) postoperative complications and long-term outcome of equine cheek tooth extraction using a minimally invasive transbuccal screw extraction (mitse) technique. | 2015 | 26455833 |
| sudden death due to acute cocaine toxicity-excited delirium in a body packer. | excited delirium denotes a life-threatening medical condition characterized by the acute onset of agitated and violent behavior that often results in a sudden and unexplained death. cocaine-induced excited delirium refers to fatal cocaine intoxication with the following symptoms occurring sequentially: hyperthermia, delirium with agitation, respiratory arrest, and death. we present a case of cocaine-induced excited delirium in a cocaine "body packer" or a "mule", specifically an individual who a ... | 2015 | 26294349 |
| quantifying spatial habitat loss from hydrocarbon development through assessing habitat selection patterns of mule deer. | extraction of oil and natural gas (hydrocarbons) from shale is increasing rapidly in north america, with documented impacts to native species and ecosystems. with shale oil and gas resources on nearly every continent, this development is set to become a major driver of global land-use change. it is increasingly critical to quantify spatial habitat loss driven by this development to implement effective mitigation strategies and develop habitat offsets. habitat selection is a fundamental ecologica ... | 2015 | 26264447 |
| effect of breed and pasture type on methane emissions from weaned lambs offered fresh forage. | to investigate the extent to which enteric methane (ch4) emissions from growing lambs are explained by simple body weight and diet characteristics, a 2 × 2 latin square changeover design experiment was carried out using two sheep breeds and two fresh pasture types. weaned lambs of two contrasting breed types were used: welsh mountain (wm, a small, hardy hill breed) and welsh mule × texel (texx, prime lamb) (n = 8 per breed). the lambs were zero-grazed on material cut from recently reseeded peren ... | 2015 | 26236042 |
| induction and characterization of a replication competent cervid endogenous gammaretrovirus (crerv) from mule deer cells. | endogenous retroviruses (ervs) were acquired during evolution of their host organisms after infection and mendelian inheritance in the germline by their exogenous counterparts. the ervs can spread in the host genome and in some cases they affect the host phenotype. the cervid endogenous gammaretrovirus (crerv) is one of only a few well-defined examples of evolutionarily recent invasion of mammalian genome by retroviruses. thousands of insertionally polymorphic crerv integration sites have been d ... | 2015 | 26218214 |
| syk-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of mule promotes tnf-induced jnk activation and cell death. | the transcription factor miz1 negatively regulates tnf-induced jnk activation and cell death by suppressing traf2 k63-polyubiquitination; upon tnf stimulation, the suppression is relieved by mule/arf-bp1-mediated miz1 ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. it is not known how mule is activated by tnf. here we report that tnf activates mule by inducing the dissociation of mule from its inhibitor arf. arf binds to and thereby inhibits the e3 ligase activity of mule in the steady state. tnf ind ... | 2016 | 26212014 |
| using wireless sensor networks and trains as data mules to monitor slab track infrastructures. | recently, slab track systems have arisen as a safer and more sustainable option for high speed railway infrastructures, compared to traditional ballasted tracks. integrating wireless sensor networks within these infrastructures can provide structural health related data that can be used to evaluate their degradation and to not only detect failures but also to predict them. the design of such systems has to deal with a scenario of large areas with inaccessible zones, where neither internet covera ... | 2015 | 26131668 |
| mutator and mule transposons. | the mutator system of transposable elements (tes) is a highly mutagenic family of transposons in maize. because they transpose at high rates and target genic regions, these transposons can rapidly generate large numbers of new mutants, which has made the mutator system a favored tool for both forward and reverse mutagenesis in maize. low copy number versions of this system have also proved to be excellent models for understanding the regulation and behavior of class ii transposons in plants. not ... | 2015 | 26104710 |
| total intravenous anaesthesia in adult mules. | to design an effective intravenous (iv) anaesthetic combination for field use in mules. | 2016 | 26095835 |
| asynchronous vegetation phenology enhances winter body condition of a large mobile herbivore. | understanding how spatial and temporal heterogeneity influence ecological processes forms a central challenge in ecology. individual responses to heterogeneity shape population dynamics, therefore understanding these responses is central to sustainable population management. emerging evidence has shown that herbivores track heterogeneity in nutritional quality of vegetation by responding to phenological differences in plants. we quantified the benefits mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) accrue from ... | 2015 | 26009244 |
| extreme variation of nutritional composition and osmolality of commercially available carbohydrate energy gels. | the provision of exogenous carbohydrate (cho) in the form of energy gels is regularly practiced among endurance and team sport athletes. however, in those instances where athletes ingest suboptimal fluid intake, consuming gels during exercise may lead to gastrointestinal (gi) problems when the nutritional composition of the gel is not aligned with promoting gastric emptying. accordingly, the aim of the current study was to quantify the degree of diversity in nutritional composition of commercial ... | 2015 | 25997181 |
| early herniorrhaphy of large traumatic abdominal wounds in horses and mules. | surgical treatment of traumatic abdominal hernias is usually delayed for 2-3 months following injury. the residual defects are then repaired by herniorrhaphy or mesh herniorrhaphy. | 2016 | 25891968 |
| dna damage-induced activation of cul4b targets huwe1 for proteasomal degradation. | the e3 ubiquitin ligase huwe1/mule/arf-bp1 plays an important role in integrating/coordinating diverse cellular processes such as dna damage repair and apoptosis. a previous study has shown that huwe1 is required for the early step of dna damage-induced apoptosis, by targeting mcl-1 for proteasomal degradation. however, huwe1 is subsequently inactivated, promoting cell survival and the subsequent dna damage repair process. the mechanism underlying its regulation during this process remains large ... | 2015 | 25883150 |
| failure of surgical treatment in methamphetamine body-stuffers. | body stuffing is defined as ingestion of unpackaged or packaged illicit drugs in a quick process. the drugs have usually been wrapped loosely in cellophane, plastic bags, paper, or aluminum foil. methamphetamine toxicity is a dangerous state that occurs during methamphetamine leakage from the ingested packages in the gastrointestinal tract. this is usually occurring with cocaine and heroin, but methamphetamine body stuffing may less commonly happen, as well. accordingly, management of methamphet ... | 2015 | 25882154 |
| comparison of trace mineral concentrations in tail hair, body hair, blood, and liver of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in california. | measuring trace mineral concentrations can be an important component of assessing the health of free-ranging deer. trace mineral concentrations in liver most accurately reflect the trace mineral status of an individual, but, in live animals, whole blood or serum are the most commonly used sample types. trace minerals measured in serum, such as copper, zinc, and iron, do not always accurately correlate to liver concentrations, and supplementary samples for evaluating the trace mineral status in l ... | 2015 | 25862714 |
| the future of pediatric and perinatal postmortem imaging. | the field and applications of postmortem imaging are exponentially growing. its potential to identify the cause of death in trauma and ballistic cases is now properly documented, as well as its use in drug mule identification. in pediatric and perinatal practice, large significant series are less available, except for mri and central nervous system analysis where scientific evidence is now robust. in this review, after a short historical review and analysis of current problems and challenges, we ... | 2015 | 25828354 |
| involvement of a citrus meiotic recombination ttc-repeat motif in the formation of gross deletions generated by ionizing radiation and mule activation. | transposable-element mediated chromosomal rearrangements require the involvement of two transposons and two double-strand breaks (dsb) located in close proximity. in radiobiology, dsb proximity is also a major factor contributing to rearrangements. however, the whole issue of dsb proximity remains virtually unexplored. | 2015 | 25758634 |
| a versatile modular vector system for rapid combinatorial mammalian genetics. | here, we describe the multiple lentiviral expression (mule) system that allows multiple genetic alterations to be introduced simultaneously into mammalian cells. we created a toolbox of mule vectors that constitute a flexible, modular system for the rapid engineering of complex polycistronic lentiviruses, allowing combinatorial gene overexpression, gene knockdown, cre-mediated gene deletion, or crispr/cas9-mediated (where crispr indicates clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats ... | 2015 | 25751063 |
| sensor4pri: a sensor platform for the protection of railway infrastructures. | wireless sensor networks constitute pervasive and distributed computing systems and are potentially one of the most important technologies of this century. they have been specifically identified as a good candidate to become an integral part of the protection of critical infrastructures. in this paper we focus on railway infrastructure protection and we present the details of a sensor platform designed to be integrated into a slab track system in order to carry out both installation and maintena ... | 2015 | 25734648 |
| demystifying the epidemic among achaeans during the trojan war. | although some modern scholars believe that homer had at least a basic medical education, given that a plethora of medical terms may be found in his poems, in the case of the pestilence that killed the achaeans (one of the hellenic peoples believed to have inhabited the peloponnese) at troy, his reference was simply informative. no symptoms were mentioned and the only thing known was that mules and dogs were the first to die. while delphic apollo was usually on the side of peloponnesians, during ... | 2014 | 25551854 |
| fine-scale genetic correlates to condition and migration in a wild cervid. | the relationship between genetic variation and phenotypic traits is fundamental to the study and management of natural populations. such relationships often are investigated by assessing correlations between phenotypic traits and heterozygosity or genetic differentiation. using an extensive data set compiled from free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), we combined genetic and ecological data to (i) examine correlations between genetic differentiation and migration timing, (ii) screen for m ... | 2014 | 25469172 |
| heterogeneous variances and genetics by environment interactions in genetic evaluation of crossbred lambs. | accounting for environmental heteroscedasticity and genetics by environment interaction (g×e) in genetic evaluation is important because animals may not perform predictably across environments. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence and consequences of heteroscedasticity and g×e on genetic evaluation. the population considered was crossbred lambs sired by terminal sires and reared under commercial conditions in the uk. data on 6325 lambs sired by charollais, suffolk and texel ... | 2015 | 25407759 |
| peptide and small molecule inhibitors of hect-type ubiquitin ligases. | the human genome encodes several hundred e3 ubiquitin ligases containing ring domains, and around 28 containing hect domains. these enzymes catalyze the transfer of ubiquitin from e2 enzyme thioesters to a huge range of substrates and play crucial roles in many cellular functions. this makes them attractive potential therapeutic targets. however, they have proven difficult to inhibit: very few good inhibitors exist for ring domain ligases, and none have been described for hect ligases. here we s ... | 2014 | 25385595 |
| does the upstream region possessing mule-like sequence in rice upregulate psbs1 gene expression? | the genomic nucleotide sequences of japonica rice (sasanishiki and nipponbare) contained about 2.7-kb unique region at the point of 0.4-kb upstream of the ospsbs1 gene. in this study, we found that japonica rice with a few exceptions possessing such dna sequences [denoted to osmule-japonica specific sequence (jss)] is distinct by the presence of mutator-like-element (mule). such sequence was absent in most of indica cultivars and oryza glaberrima. in osmule-jss1, we noted the presence of possibl ... | 2014 | 25259844 |
| tumor cell-specific inhibition of myc function using small molecule inhibitors of the huwe1 ubiquitin ligase. | deregulated expression of myc is a driver of colorectal carcinogenesis, necessitating novel strategies to inhibit myc function. the ubiquitin ligase huwe1 (hecth9, arf-bp1, mule) associates with both myc and the myc-associated protein miz1. we show here that huwe1 is required for growth of colorectal cancer cells in culture and in orthotopic xenograft models. using high-throughput screening, we identify small molecule inhibitors of huwe1, which inhibit myc-dependent transactivation in colorectal ... | 2014 | 25253726 |
| recommended survey designs for occupancy modelling using motion-activated cameras: insights from empirical wildlife data. | motion-activated cameras are a versatile tool that wildlife biologists can use for sampling wild animal populations to estimate species occurrence. occupancy modelling provides a flexible framework for the analysis of these data; explicitly recognizing that given a species occupies an area the probability of detecting it is often less than one. despite the number of studies using camera data in an occupancy framework, there is only limited guidance from the scientific literature about survey des ... | 2014 | 25210658 |
| herbivore body condition response in altered environments: mule deer and habitat management. | the relationships between habitat, body condition, life history characteristics, and fitness components of ungulates are interwoven and of interest to researchers as they strive to understand the impacts of a changing environment. with the increased availability of portable ultrasound machines and the refinement of hormonal assays, assessment of ungulate body condition has become an accessible monitoring strategy. we employed body condition scoring, estimation of % ingesta-free body fat (%ifbf), ... | 2014 | 25184410 |
| accumulation and elimination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in mule ducks. | in taiwan, a food safety crisis involving a presence of high concentrations of dioxin residues in duck eggs occurred in 2004. the dioxin content in duck meat sampled from supermarkets was also reported to be substantially higher than in products from other farm animals. despite increased awareness of the potential for contamination and exposure to dioxins, the accumulation and elimination of dioxins in ducks have not been well characterized. in the present study, mule ducks were fed capsules con ... | 2014 | 25129161 |
| behavioral traits and airport type affect mammal incidents with u.s. civil aircraft. | wildlife incidents with aircraft cost the united states (u.s.) civil aviation industry >us$1.4 billion in estimated damages and loss of revenue from 1990 to 2009. although terrestrial mammals represented only 2.3 % of wildlife incidents, damage to aircraft occurred in 59 % of mammal incidents. we examined mammal incidents (excluding bats) at all airports in the federal aviation administration (faa) national wildlife strike database from 1990 to 2010 to characterize these incidents by airport typ ... | 2014 | 25082299 |
| monitoring regulation of dna repair activities of cultured cells in-gel using the comet assay. | base excision repair (ber) is the predominant cellular mechanism by which human cells repair dna base damage, sites of base loss, and dna single strand breaks of various complexity, that are generated in their thousands in every human cell per day as a consequence of cellular metabolism and exogenous agents, including ionizing radiation. over the last three decades the comet assay has been employed in scientific research to examine the cellular response to these types of dna damage in cultured c ... | 2014 | 25076968 |
| dichotomous role of pancreatic huwe1/mule/arf-bp1 in modulating beta cell apoptosis in mice under physiological and genotoxic conditions. | diabetes mellitus represents a significant burden on the health of the global population. both type 1 and type 2 diabetes share a common feature of a reduction in functional beta cell mass. a newly discovered ubiquitination molecule hect, uba and wwe domain containing 1, e3 ubiquitin protein ligase (huwe1 [also known as mule or arf-bp1]) is a critical regulator of p53-dependent apoptosis. however, its role in islet homeostasis is not entirely clear. | 2014 | 24981769 |
| histocompositional organization and toughening mechanisms in antler. | mechanical testing studies by krauss et al. (2009) and gupta et al. (2013) suggest that the extraordinary toughness of antler bone is primarily achieved by intrinsic/nanostructural mechanisms instead of extrinsic/microstructural mechanisms. however, this conclusion is based on data from extremely small specimens from one antler loaded only in tension, which impedes discernment of the relative importance of intrinsic vs. extrinsic mechanisms. in the present study we conducted analyses into the mi ... | 2014 | 24981169 |
| mule duck "foie gras" shows different metabolic states according to its quality phenotype by using a proteomic approach. | this study aimed at identifying the mechanisms implicated in "foie gras" quality variability through the study of the relationships between liver protein compositions and four liver quality phenotypes: liver weight, melting rate, and protein contents on crude or dry matter. spots of soluble proteins were separated by bidimensional electrophoresis, and the relative abundance of proteins according to quality traits values was investigated. twenty-three protein spots (19 unique identified proteins) ... | 2014 | 24976256 |
| zoonoses from pets horses, donkeys and mules: with special references to egypt. | a zoonosis is an animal disease that is transmissible to humans. humans are usually an accidental host that acquires disease through close contact with an infected animal, who may or may not be symptomatic. children are at highest risk for infection because they are more likely to have close contact with pets. pets are responsible for transmission of an extensive array of bacterial, fungal, and parasitic zoonotic pathogens. the route of transmission can be through the saliva (e.g., bites or cont ... | 2014 | 24961014 |
| selecting the quality of mule duck fatty liver based on near-infrared spectroscopy. | "foie gras" is produced predominantly in france and about 90% of the commercialized product is obtained from male mule ducks. the melting rate (percentage of fat released during cooking) is the main criterion used to determine the quality of "foie gras". however, up to now the melting rate could not be predicted without causing liver damage, which means that selection programs could not use this criterion. | 2014 | 24917150 |
| osseointegration of acellular and cellularized osteoconductive scaffolds: is tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells necessary for implant fixation? | the main issue associated with revision total hip replacements (rthrs) is how to generate new bone adjacent to implants and achieve fixation of the revision implant. in its simplest form, bone tissue engineering (bte) combines cells and scaffolds in vitro to replace damaged or lost bone in vivo. our aim was to develop bte porous tial6v4 constructs with a calcium-phosphate coating without or with mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) seeded throughout the entire porous structure to enhance new bone forma ... | 2015 | 24913035 |
| spatial characterization of leptospira spp. infection in equids from the brejo paraibano micro-region in brazil. | the present study, the first to spatially characterize leptospira spp. infection among equids in the brejo paraibano micro-region of the paraiba state in the northeast of brazil, investigated 257 animals in 26 farms properties. serum samples from 204 horses, 46 mules and seven donkeys were serologically diagnosed using the microscopic agglutination test (mat). the distribution of leptospira spp. was studied by employing specific antigens from 24 different leptospira serovars. all farms were geor ... | 2014 | 24893023 |
| range-wide analysis of genetic structure in a widespread, highly mobile species (odocoileus hemionus) reveals the importance of historical biogeography. | highly mobile species that thrive in a wide range of habitats are expected to show little genetic differentiation across their range. a limited but growing number of studies have revealed that patterns of broad-scale genetic differentiation can and do emerge in vagile, continuously distributed species. however, these patterns are complex and often shaped by both historical and ecological factors. comprehensive surveys of genetic variation at a broad scale and at high resolution are useful for de ... | 2014 | 24863151 |
| mcl-1 ubiquitination: unique regulation of an essential survival protein. | mcl-1 is an anti-apoptotic protein of the bcl-2 family that is essential for the survival of multiple cell lineages and that is highly amplified in human cancer. under physiological conditions, mcl-1 expression is tightly regulated at multiple levels, involving transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational processes. ubiquitination of mcl-1, that targets it for proteasomal degradation, allows for rapid elimination of the protein and triggering of cell death, in response to various ... | 2014 | 24814761 |
| use of a motorized morcellator for elective bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy in standing equids: 30 cases (2007-2013). | to describe the use of a motorized morcellator for elective bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy in standing equids and to evaluate long-term outcome. | 2014 | 24786168 |
| coyotes, deer, and wildflowers: diverse evidence points to a trophic cascade. | spatial gradients in human activity, coyote activity, deer activity, and deer herbivory provide an unusual type of evidence for a trophic cascade. activity of coyotes, which eat young mule deer (fawns), decreased with proximity to a remote biological field station, indicating that these predators avoided an area of high human activity. in contrast, activity of adult female deer (does) and intensity of herbivory on palatable plant species both increased with proximity to the station and were posi ... | 2014 | 24728614 |
| relationship between proteolytic activities and cooking loss variability in liver issued from force-fed mule ducks. | we investigated liver protease activities to better understand the mechanisms responsible for losses during the cooking of mule ducks' fatty livers. fatty livers of similar masses (520 g) were randomly selected among a large flock of overfed male mule ducks and divided into two groups on the basis of their cooking loss rate, l+ (high cooking losses, 36%) and l- (low cooking losses, 21%). in addition to dry matter and total lipid contents, main hepatic protease (matrix metalloproteinase 2, cathep ... | 2014 | 24655002 |
| luteoprotective role of equine chorionic gonadotropin (ecg) during pregnancy in the mare. | the effects of repeated cloprostenol administration were compared in mares impregnated by horses and mares impregnated by donkeys in order to assess the role of ecg on the development of pregnancy-associated resistance to the luteolytic and abortifacient effects of pgf2α. eleven mares impregnated by donkey (mule pregnancy) and 9 mares impregnated by horse (horse pregnancy) were used. six mares with mule pregnancy and four with horse pregnancy were injected with cloprostenol (0.25 mg) when they w ... | 2014 | 24617452 |
| a scalable method for discovering significant subnetworks. | study of biological networks is an essential first step to understand the complex functions they govern in different organisms. the topology of interactions that define how biological networks operate is often determined through high-throughput experiments. noisy nature of high-throughput experiments, however, can result in multiple alternative network topologies that explain this data equally well. one key step to resolve the differences is to identify the subnetworks which appear significantly ... | 2013 | 24565174 |
| detailed analysis of the individual feeding behavior of male and female mule ducks. | the feeding behavior of 19 mule ducks (males and females) bred in a group was studied during their growth phase (between 3 and 8 wk of age) using the recording system for waterfowl feeding behavior developed in our lab. the basic feeding behavior data obtained allowed us to confirm on the one hand the reliability of our tool and, on the other hand, to compute food intake traits per day (adfi, number of visits, and time spent feeding per day), per visit (feed intake per visit, visit duration, and ... | 2014 | 24496838 |
| prevalence of cutaneous pathological conditions and factors associated with the presence of skin wounds in working equids in tropical regions of veracruz, mexico. | a wide spectrum of welfare issues is encountered on working equids. the objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the prevalence of cutaneous lesions in working equids in tropical regions of the north-central of veracruz state, mexico, (ii) to identify the most prevalent cutaneous pathological conditions in this population of working equids, and (iii) to identify risk factors associated to the presence of work-related skin wounds. a number of 467 working equids presented for treatment at d ... | 2014 | 24488621 |
| nested insertions and accumulation of indels are negatively correlated with abundance of mutator-like transposable elements in maize and rice. | mutator-like transposable elements (mules) are widespread in plants and were first discovered in maize where there are a total of 12,900 mules. in comparison, rice, with a much smaller genome, harbors over 30,000 mules. since maize and rice are close relatives, the differential amplification of mules raised an inquiry into the underlying mechanism. we hypothesize this is partly attributed to the differential copy number of autonomous mules with the potential to generate the transposase that is r ... | 2014 | 24475224 |
| walking on thin ice! identifying methamphetamine "drug mules" on digital plain radiography. | the purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of identifying methamphetamine (ma) internal payloads in "drug mules" by plain abdominal digital radiography (dr). | 2014 | 24472728 |
| huwe1 interacts with brca1 and promotes its degradation in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. | the cellular brca1 protein level is essential for its tumor suppression activity and is tightly regulated through multiple mechanisms including ubiquitn-proteasome system. e3 ligases are involved to promote brca1 for ubiquitination and degradation. here, we identified huwe1/mule/arf-bp1 as a novel brca1-interacting protein involved in the control of brca1 protein level. huwe1 binds brca1 through its n-terminus degron domain. depletion of huwe1 by sirna-mediated interference significantly increas ... | 2014 | 24472556 |
| regulation of human mutyh dna glycosylase by the e3 ubiquitin ligase mule. | oxidation of dna is a frequent and constantly occurring event. one of the best characterized oxidative dna lesions is 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-g). it instructs most dna polymerases to preferentially insert an adenine (a) opposite 8-oxo-g instead of the appropriate cytosine (c) thus showing miscoding potential. the muty dna glycosylase homologue (mutyh) recognizes a:8-oxo-g mispairs and removes the mispaired a giving way to the canonical base excision repair that ultimately restores undama ... | 2014 | 24443563 |
| healthcare supported by data mule networks in remote communities of the amazon region. | this paper investigates the feasibility of using boats as data mule nodes, carrying medical ultrasound videos from remote and isolated communities in the amazon region in brazil, to the main city of that area. the videos will be used by physicians to perform remote analysis and follow-up routine of prenatal examinations of pregnant women. two open source simulators (the one and ns-2) were used to evaluate the results obtained utilizing a codpon (continuous displacement plan oriented network). th ... | 2014 | 27433519 |
| huwe1 interacts with brca1 and promotes its degradation in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. | the cellular brca1 protein level is essential for its tumor suppression activity and is tightly regulated through multiple mechanisms including ubiquitn-proteasome system. e3 ligases are involved to promote brca1 for ubiquitination and degradation. here, we identified huwe1/mule/arf-bp1 as a novel brca1-interacting protein involved in the control of brca1 protein level. huwe1binds brca1 through its n-terminus degron domain. depletion of huwe1 by sirna-mediated interference significantly increase ... | 2014 | 24342616 |
| the population history of endogenous retroviruses in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus). | mobile elements are powerful agents of genomic evolution and can be exceptionally informative markers for investigating species and population-level evolutionary history. while several studies have utilized retrotransposon-based insertional polymorphisms to resolve phylogenies, few population studies exist outside of humans. endogenous retroviruses are ltr-retrotransposons derived from retroviruses that have become stably integrated in the host genome during past infections and transmitted verti ... | 2017 | 24336966 |
| helping working equidae and their owners in developing countries: monitoring and evaluation of evidence-based interventions. | there are an estimated 112 million equidae (horses, donkeys, mules) in the developing world, providing essential resources for their owners' livelihoods and well-being. the impoverished situation of their owners and the often harsh conditions in which they work mean that the animals' welfare is a cause for concern. a number of equine non-governmental organisations (ngos) operate within working equid communities providing veterinary care, education and training programmes aimed at improving equin ... | 2014 | 24269105 |
| comparison of techniques of detecting immunoglobulin-binding protein reactivity to immunoglobulin produced by different avian and mammalian species. | the rationale of this study was to use several immunological assays to investigate the reactivity of immunoglobulin binding protein (ibp) to immunoglobulins from various avian and mammalian species. the ibp studied were staphylococcal protein a (spa), streptococcal protein g (spg), peptostreptococcal protein l (spl) and recombinant protein la (spla). the various immunological techniques used were double immunodiffusion (ouchterlony technique) that tested positive high protein reactivities, direc ... | 2013 | 24171322 |
| non-neoplastic lesions of equine skin in the central united states and canada: a retrospective study. | a retrospective study evaluated the clinical data and histologic features of non-neoplastic dermatologic lesions in skin biopsies from horses, donkeys, and mules submitted over a 10-year period to the colorado state university diagnostic medicine center and to the university of saskatchewan western college of veterinary medicine and prairie diagnostic services. a total of 1793 non-neoplastic biopsies were available for analysis. based on the histologic description and morphologic diagnosis, each ... | 2013 | 23997263 |
| obesity promotes liver carcinogenesis via mcl-1 stabilization independent of il-6rα signaling. | obesity increases the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) development in part through the activation of obesity-associated proinflammatory signaling. here, we show that in lean mice, abrogation of il-6rα signaling protects against diethylnitrosamine (den)-induced hcc development. hcc protection occurs via mcl-1 destabilization, thus promoting hepatocyte apoptosis. il-6 regulates mcl-1 stability via the inhibition of pp-1α expression, promoting gsk-3β inactivation. in addition, il-6 suppr ... | 2013 | 23954788 |
| practical guidance on characterizing availability in resource selection functions under a use-availability design. | habitat selection is a fundamental aspect of animal ecology, the understanding of which is critical to management and conservation. global positioning system data from animals allow fine-scale assessments of habitat selection and typically are analyzed in a use availability framework, whereby animal locations are contrasted with random locations (the availability sample). although most use-availability methods are in fact spatial point process models, they often are fit using logistic regression ... | 2013 | 23951705 |
| the use of on-animal acoustical recording devices for studying animal behavior. | audio recordings made from free-ranging animals can be used to investigate aspects of physiology, behavior, and ecology through acoustic signal processing. on-animal acoustical monitoring applications allow continuous remote data collection, and can serve to address questions across temporal and spatial scales. we report on the design of an inexpensive collar-mounted recording device and present data on the activity budget of wild mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) derived from these devices applie ... | 2013 | 23919149 |
| the mule/huwe1 e3 ubiquitin ligase is a tumor suppressor. | mule/huwe1 suppresses ras-driven skin tumorigenesis in vivo by regulating c-myc/miz1 stability. | 2013 | 23847377 |
| paternally expressed genes predominate in the placenta. | the discovery of genomic imprinting through studies of manipulated mouse embryos indicated that the paternal genome has a major influence on placental development. however, previous research has not demonstrated paternal bias in imprinted genes. we applied rna sequencing to trophoblast tissue from reciprocal hybrids of horse and donkey, where genotypic differences allowed parent-of-origin identification of most expressed genes. using this approach, we identified a core group of 15 ancient imprin ... | 2013 | 23754418 |
| mule/huwe1/arf-bp1 suppresses ras-driven tumorigenesis by preventing c-myc/miz1-mediated down-regulation of p21 and p15. | tumorigenesis results from dysregulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors that influence cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and/or senescence. many gene products involved in these processes are substrates of the e3 ubiquitin ligase mule/huwe1/arf-bp1 (mule), but whether mule acts as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in vivo remains controversial. we generated k14cre;mule(flox/flox(y)) (mule kko) mice and subjected them to dmba/pma-induced skin carcinogenesis, which depends on on ... | 2013 | 23699408 |
| migrating mule deer: effects of anthropogenically altered landscapes. | migration is an adaptive strategy that enables animals to enhance resource availability and reduce risk of predation at a broad geographic scale. ungulate migrations generally occur along traditional routes, many of which have been disrupted by anthropogenic disturbances. spring migration in ungulates is of particular importance for conservation planning, because it is closely coupled with timing of parturition. the degree to which oil and gas development affects migratory patterns, and whether ... | 2013 | 23691246 |
| impacts of informal trails on vegetation and soils in the highest protected area in the southern hemisphere. | there is limited recreation ecology research in south america, especially studies looking at informal trails. impacts of informal trails formed by hikers and pack animals on vegetation and soils were assessed for the highest protected area in the southern hemisphere, aconcagua provincial park. the number of braided trails, their width and depth were surveyed at 30 sites along the main access route to mt aconcagua (6962 m a.s.l.). species composition, richness and cover were also measured on cont ... | 2013 | 23681405 |
| evolution, reproduction and definition of life. | synthetic theory of evolution is a superior integrative biological theory. therefore, there is nothing surprising about the fact that multiple attempts of defining life are based on this theory. one of them even has a status of nasa's working definition. according to this definition, 'life is a self-sustained chemical system capable of undergoing darwinian evolution' luisi (orig life evol bios 28:613-622, 1998); cleland, chyba (orig life evol bios 32:387-393, 2002). this definition is often cons ... | 2014 | 23674095 |
| is a diagnostic system based exclusively on agar gel immunodiffusion adequate for controlling the spread of equine infectious anaemia? | to improve the efficiency of the national equine infectious anaemia (eia) surveillance program in italy, a three-tiered diagnostic system has been adopted. this procedure involves initial screening by elisa (tier 1) with test-positive samples confirmed by the agar gel immunodiffusion test (agidt) (tier 2) and, in the case of elisa positive/agidt negative results, final determination by immunoblot (ib) (tier 3). during this evaluation, 74,880 samples, principally collected from two regions of cen ... | 2013 | 23618837 |
| characterization of prdm9 in equids and sterility in mules. | prdm9 (meisetz) is the first speciation gene discovered in vertebrates conferring reproductive isolation. this locus encodes a meiosis-specific histone h3 methyltransferase that specifies meiotic recombination hotspots during gametogenesis. allelic differences in prdm9, characterized for a variable number of zinc finger (zf) domains, have been associated with hybrid sterility in male house mice via spermatogenic failure at the pachytene stage. the mule, a classic example of hybrid sterility in m ... | 2013 | 23613924 |
| duration of action of a topical anaesthetic formulation for pain management of mulesing in sheep. | to investigate the effect of topical anaesthesia on 'mothering up' of lambs after mulesing and marking, and for pain alleviation over a 24-h period. | 2013 | 23521101 |
| sex-specific development of spatial orientation is independent of peripubertal gonadal steroids. | prenatal exposure to androgens has been shown to modulate brain development, resulting in changed behavioral attitudes, sexual orientation and cognitive functions, including processing of spatial information. whether later changes in gonadotropic hormones during puberty induce further organizational effects within the brain is still insufficiently understood. the purpose of this study was to assess development of spatial orientation before and after the time of normal pubertal development, in an ... | 2013 | 23477973 |
| incidence, management, and outcome of complications of castration in equids: 324 cases (1998-2008). | to determine the incidence of complications and identify risk factors associated with development of complications following routine castration of equids. | 2013 | 23445295 |
| nephrectomy via ventral median celiotomy in equids. | to report technique for, and outcome after, nephrectomy through a ventral median celiotomy in equids. | 2013 | 23432332 |
| [the mule from rottweil]. | | 2013 | 23385018 |
| risk-sensitive allocation in seasonal dynamics of fat and protein reserves in a long-lived mammal. | body reserves of numerous taxa follow seasonal rhythms that are a function of temporal patterns in food availability and life-history events; however, tests of the theory underlying the allocation of somatic reserves for long-lived organisms are rare, especially for free-ranging mammals. we evaluated the hypothesis that allocation of somatic reserves to survival (i.e., metabolic processes) and reproduction should be sensitive to current nutritional state relative to seasonal thresholds in those ... | 2013 | 23379674 |
| usp7s-dependent inactivation of mule regulates dna damage signalling and repair. | the e3 ubiquitin ligase mule/arf-bp1 plays an important role in the cellular dna damage response by controlling base excision repair and p53 protein levels. however, how the activity of mule is regulated in response to dna damage is currently unknown. here, we report that the ser18-containing isoform of the usp7 deubiquitylation enzyme (usp7s) controls mule stability by preventing its self-ubiquitylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation. we find that in response to dna damage, downregulati ... | 2013 | 23275561 |
| the past, present and future of domestic equines in tanzania. | equines are minor species in tanzania's array of domestic livestock. attempts to use them for transport by early explorers from the mid-nineteenth century usually failed. donkeys were used extensively as pack animals to complement human porters by both british and german forces in the first world war, but their advantages were often outweighed by slow progress and competition with troops and porters for water, and they died in huge numbers. the british had regular cavalry troops in their campaig ... | 2013 | 24834000 |
| between- and within-breed variations of spine characteristics in sheep. | implementing the use of spine traits in a commercial breeding program has been seen to improve meat production from the carcass of larger-bodied pigs. the aim of this study was to assess the extent of variation in spine characteristics within and between breeds of sheep and to investigate the association with body length and tissues traits to deliberate if a similar approach could be applicable in the sheep sector. spine traits (vertebrae number, vn; spine region length, spl; individual vertebra ... | 2013 | 23243168 |
| identification of piroplasms isolated from asymptomatic equine species from southern spain. | the aim of the study was to detect the presence of genetic material of equine piroplasmas and to determine the species isolates from apparently healthy equids, including horses, donkeys and mules, in southern spain. blood samples were collected from 135 animals to assess the presence of dna from equine piroplasmas using pcr. babesia (b.) caballi dna was detected in blood samples of three horses and one donkey, while theileria (t.) equi dna was confirmed in blood of 19 horses, three mules and one ... | 2012 | 23227769 |
| a piecewise linear modeling approach for testing competing theories of habitat selection: an example with mule deer in northern winter ranges. | habitat selection fundamentally drives the distribution of organisms across landscapes; density-dependent habitat selection (ddhs) is considered a central component of ecological theories explaining habitat use and population regulation. a preponderance of ddhs theories is based on ideal distributions, such that organisms select habitat according to either the ideal free, despotic, or pre-emptive distributions. models that can be used to simultaneously test competing ddhs theories are desirable ... | 2013 | 23203509 |
| primary cilia in the basal cells of equine epididymis: a serendipitous finding. | occurrence of a solitary cilium was an unexpected discovery while studying the ultrastructure of epididymal epithelium in equidae. primary cilia were detected in epididymal basal cells of all individuals of the equines studied - horses, donkey and mules - independently from age and tract of the duct, emerging from the basal cell surface and insinuating into the intercellular spaces. more rarely solitary cilia occurred also at the luminal surface of the principal cells. the ciliary apparatus was ... | 2013 | 23182032 |
| challenges and proposed solutions for more accurate serological diagnosis of equine infectious anaemia. | serological diagnosis of equine infectious anaemia virus (eiav) infections has depended mainly on the agar gel immunodiffusion test (agidt). this study documents the presence of eiav genetic sequences in a number of persistently infected horses and mules whose serums were interpreted as negative/equivocal on agidt, but positive on more than one elisa test and in immunoblot tests. strategies designed to take advantage of the combined strengths of the elisa and agidt are shown effective in a natio ... | 2013 | 23161812 |
| summer watering patterns of mule deer in the great basin desert, usa: implications of differential use by individuals and the sexes for management of water resources. | changes in the abundance and distribution of free water can negatively influence wildlife in arid regions. free water is considered a limiting factor for mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in the great basin desert. consequently, a better understanding of differential use of water by individuals and the sexes could influence the conservation and management of mule deer and water resources in their habitats. we deployed remote cameras at all known water sources (13 wildlife water developments and 4 ... | 2012 | 23125557 |
| index selection in terminal sires improves lamb performance at finishing. | lamb meat is often perceived by consumers as fatty, and consumption has decreased in recent decades. a lean growth index was developed in the uk for terminal sire breeds to increase carcass lean content and constrain fat content at a constant age end point. the purposes of this study were 1) to evaluate the effects of index selection of terminal sires on their crossbred offspring at finishing and 2) to evaluate its effectiveness within terminal sire breeds. approximately 70% of lambs marketed in ... | 2013 | 23100579 |
| the mule. | | 2012 | 23076317 |
| fundamental frequency is key to response of female deer to juvenile distress calls. | considerable attention is currently devoted to understanding acoustic mechanisms underlying animal responses to heterospecific vocalizations. a further complication ensues when the response of two species is asymmetrical. for example, white-tailed deer females approach a speaker only when it plays distress calls of conspecific fawns. mule deer females approach when hearing distress calls of either white-tailed deer or mule deer. we hypothesized that selective species such as white-tailed deer re ... | 2013 | 23022571 |
| behavioural responses of lambs to plastic clips as an alternative procedure to mulesing. | compare the effects on the behaviour of lambs of applying occlusive plastic clips, as an alternative procedure to surgical mulesing, with tail docking, surgical mulesing and a control treatment. | 2012 | 23004227 |
| gastrointestinal nematode burden in working equids from humid tropical areas of central veracruz, mexico, and its relationship with body condition and haematological values. | the east coast of veracruz, mexico, has an important equine population used for working in rural production systems. the objectives of this study were (1) to calculate the prevalence of tropical working equids (donkeys, mules and horses) infected with gastrointestinal nematodes (gins) and the gins involved, and (2) to measure the body condition score (bcs) and haematological values for each working equid and its relationship with faecal worm egg count (epg). one hundred and forty working equids ... | 2013 | 22992947 |
| spermatogonial stem cell markers and niche in equids. | spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) are the foundation of spermatogenesis and are located in a highly dynamic microenvironment called "niche" that influences all aspects of stem cell function, including homing, self-renewal and differentiation. several studies have recently identified specific proteins that regulate the fate of sscs. these studies also aimed at identifying surface markers that would facilitate the isolation of these cells in different vertebrate species. the present study is the fi ... | 2012 | 22937157 |
| evaluating apparent competition in limiting the recovery of an endangered ungulate. | predation can disproportionately affect endangered prey populations when generalist predators are numerically linked to more abundant primary prey. apparent competition, the term for this phenomenon, has been increasingly implicated in the declines of endangered prey populations. we examined the potential for apparent competition to limit the recovery of sierra nevada bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis sierrae), an endangered subspecies under the us endangered species act. using a combination of loc ... | 2013 | 22791131 |
| stress-induced phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation of mitofusin 2 facilitates mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis. | mitochondria play central roles in integrating pro- and antiapoptotic stimuli, and jnk is well known to have roles in activating apoptotic pathways. we establish a critical link between stress-induced jnk activation, mitofusin 2, which is an essential component of the mitochondrial outer membrane fusion apparatus, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (ups). jnk phosphorylation of mitofusin 2 in response to cellular stress leads to recruitment of the ubiquitin ligase (e3) huwe1/mule/arf-bp1/hecth9 ... | 2012 | 22748923 |
| social relations in a mixed group of mules, ponies and donkeys reflect differences in equid type. | donkeys and mules are frequently kept as companion animals for horses and ponies, with these different equids often being considered a homogenous group. however, the extent to which domestic equids form inter-specific bonds and display similar social behaviour when living in a mixed herd has not previously been studied. here we compare the social organization of these three (sub)species when housed together, providing the first systematic analysis of how genetic hybridization is expressed in the ... | 2012 | 22709577 |
| microbial mules. | | 2012 | 22649983 |
| nibbs-search for fast and accurate prediction of phenotype-biased metabolic systems. | understanding of genotype-phenotype associations is important not only for furthering our knowledge on internal cellular processes, but also essential for providing the foundation necessary for genetic engineering of microorganisms for industrial use (e.g., production of bioenergy or biofuels). however, genotype-phenotype associations alone do not provide enough information to alter an organism's genome to either suppress or exhibit a phenotype. it is important to look at the phenotype-related g ... | 2012 | 22589706 |
| modeling the relationships between quality and biochemical composition of fatty liver in mule ducks. | the fatty liver of mule ducks (i.e., french "foie gras") is the most valuable product in duck production systems. its quality is measured by the technological yield, which is the opposite of the fat loss during cooking. the purpose of this study was to determine whether biochemical measures of fatty liver could be used to accurately predict the technological yield (ty). ninety-one male mule ducks were bred, overfed, and slaughtered under commercial conditions. fatty liver weight (flw) and bioche ... | 2012 | 22585814 |
| the double life of mule in preeclamptic and iugr placentae. | the e3 ubiquitin ligase mule (mcl-1 ubiquitin ligases e3) targets myeloid cell leukemia factor 1 (mcl-1) and tumor suppressor p53 for proteasomal degradation. although mcl-1 and p53 have been implicated in trophoblast cell death in preeclampsia (pe) and intrauterine growth restriction (iugr), the mechanisms regulating their expression in the human placenta remains elusive. herein, we investigated mule's involvement in regulating mcl-1 and p53 degradation during normal and abnormal (pe, iugr) pla ... | 2012 | 22552282 |
| survival patterns in white-tailed and mule deer after oral inoculation with a standardized, conspecific prion dose. | we orally inoculated white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) with a standardized, conspecific prion dose and collected biologic samples throughout the disease course. mule deer (prnp genotype 225ss) and prnp genotype 96gg white-tailed deer succumbed along similar trajectories, but 96gs- and 96ss-genotype individuals tended to survive longer. | 2012 | 22493138 |
| mutator-like elements with multiple long terminal inverted repeats in plants. | mutator-like transposable elements (mules) are widespread in plants and the majority have long terminal inverted repeats (tirs), which distinguish them from other dna transposons. it is known that the long tirs of mutator elements harbor transposase binding sites and promoters for transcription, indicating that the tir sequence is critical for transposition and for expression of sequences between the tirs. here, we report the presence of mules with multiple tirs mostly located in tandem. these e ... | 2012 | 22474413 |
| investigation of the role of mules as silent shedders of ehv-1 during an outbreak of ehv-1 myeloencephalopathy in california. | | 2012 | 22472540 |