| gender differences in acute stroke: istanbul medical school stroke registry. | background : we aimed to investigate gender differences in turkish stroke patients. material and methods : demographics, risk factors, clinical and etiologic subtypes, laboratory findings, clinical course, and in-hospital prognosis of 1 522 patients with ischemic stroke (is) and 320 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage prospectively registered in the istanbul medical school stroke registry (1994-2004) were analyzed separately. results : the mean age of is patients was higher in females (n : 75 ... | 2011 | 21483112 |
| genotypes of hepatitis b virus in central anatolia, kayseri, turkey. | to investigate the distribution of hepatitis b virus (hbv) genotypes among patients with chronic hepatitis b in kayseri, turkey. | 2011 | 21483993 |
| periodontal health and treatment needs among hospitalized chronic psychiatric patients in istanbul, turkey. | the aim of the study was to evaluate the periodontal health and treatment needs of chronically hospitalized psychiatric patients in istanbul, turkey. | 2011 | 21485239 |
| nurses' locations as organ transplantation coordinators in the turkey national coordination system. | turkey is one of the worst countries in the european region for the number of deceased organ donors (3.6) per million people. the aim of this study was to evaluate the location of nurses who have been attached to the national coordination system as coordinators to increase this number. | 2011 | 21486595 |
| the importance of student research projects in dental education. | in this article, our aim was to summarise students' research over 15 years at istanbul university faculty of dentistry and to evaluate both the research activities from the students' perspectives and the effect of this activity on their undergraduate and postgraduate success. in 1992, dental students formed 'a student research club' (src), which new students attend voluntarily and carry out a scientific project out with the normal curriculum every year. in total, 409 different students have pres ... | 2011 | 21492344 |
| profile of hiv/aids patients in a tertiary hospital in istanbul, turkey. | in turkey, the first hiv/aids case was reported in 1985. although hiv/aids incidence has been increasing, only 3,671 cases have been documented to date in this country, with a population of 71,517,100. the aim of this study was to determine the epidemiologic and clinical features of patients with hiv infection and aids followed during a 3.5-year period. | 2011 | 21498153 |
| turkish validity and reliability of a pediatric quality of life cancer module for children aged 8-12 and parents. | this descriptive study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability in turkey of the pediatric quality of life inventory cancer module (pedsql 3.0) for children aged 8-12 in the hematology-oncology polyclinics of two university hospitals in istanbul during the period 2006-2007. the data collection instruments were the pediatric quality of life inventory (pedsql 4.0), the pediatric quality of life inventory cancer module (pedsql 3.0) and a socio-demographic questionnaire, applied for 1 ... | 2011 | 21517244 |
| late byzantine mineral soda high alumina glasses from asia minor: a new primary glass production group. | the chemical characterisation of archaeological glass allows the discrimination between different glass groups and the identification of raw materials and technological traditions of their production. several lines of evidence point towards the large-scale production of first millennium ce glass in a limited number of glass making factories from a mixture of egyptian mineral soda and a locally available silica source. fundamental changes in the manufacturing processes occurred from the eight/nin ... | 2011 | 21526144 |
| survey of the opinions on the occupational health system in turkey expressed by patients of the istanbul hospital of occupational diseases. | to examine the opinion of patients of an occupational diseases hospital on the quality of provision of occupational medicine services in turkey. | 2011 | 21526384 |
| pediatric allergy and immunology in turkey. | to cite this article: celik g, bakirtas a, sackesen c, reisli i, tuncer a. pediatric allergy and immunology in turkey. pediatr allergy immunol 2011; 22: 440-448. abstract: allergic diseases constitute a significant health problem in turkey. according to a recent multicenter study, which used the isaac questionnaire, the mean prevalence of wheezing, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in 10-yr-old school children during the past year was 15.8%, 23.5%, and 8.1%, respectively. a healthcare level system ... | 2011 | 21535181 |
| investigations on the frequency of norovirus contamination of ready-to-eat food items in istanbul, turkey, by using real-time reverse transcription pcr. | investigation of norovirus (nov) contamination of food items is important because many outbreaks occur after consumption of contaminated shellfish, vegetables, fruits, and water. the frequency of nov contamination in food items has not previously been investigated in turkey. the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of human nov genogroups (g) i and ii in ready-to-eat tomatoes, parsley, green onion, lettuce, mixed salads, and cracked wheat balls. rna was extracted with the rneasy mi ... | 2011 | 21549059 |
| retrospective radiological assessment of root canal treatment in young permanent dentition in a turkish subpopulation. | gumru b, tarcin b, pekiner fn, ozbayrak s retrospective radiological assessment of root canal treatment in young permanent dentition in a turkish subpopulation. international endodontic journal. abstract: aim to determine the technical quality of root fillings as well as the periapical status of root filled teeth and non-root filled teeth in young permanent dentitions using a retrospective analysis of orthopantomographs (optgs) in a turkish subpopulation. methodology included in this study wer ... | 2011 | 21564141 |
| frequency and phylogeny of norovirus in diarrheic children in istanbul, turkey. | background: norovirus (nov) is recognised as one of the most common causes of foodborne infections. contaminated shellfish, food, water and hospitals are well documented sources of the virus. objective: nov in diarrheic children has not previously been investigated in istanbul, turkey, hence the aim of this study was to detect and investigate the frequency and phylogeny of human nov genogroups i and ii in children with acute gastroenteritis. study design: 238 stool samples were collected from di ... | 2011 | 21592853 |
| modern health worries, health care utilization, and symptom reporting: a cross-cultural comparison. | perception of risk to personal health from features of modern life and technology is increasing across the globe. we investigated whether these concerns exist in the turkish setting in the same degree and whether symptom reports mediate the relationship between modern health worries (mhws) and health care utilization in the uk and turkish settings. a total of 506 university of st andrews students and a total of 424 turkish university students in istanbul bilgi university participated in the stud ... | 2011 | 21660770 |
| puberty and influencing factors in schoolgirls living in istanbul: end of the secular trend? | to (1) establish the median ages at menarche and pubertal stages and investigate influential factors and (2) assess the secular trend in reaching puberty in a transitional society. | 2011 | 21669888 |
| the review of autopsy cases of accidental childhood deaths in istanbul. | children are at increased risk for various causes of injury from accidents. accidents are, by far, the leading cause of death among children and adolescents. the aim of this study is to evaluate the lethal childhood accidents in istanbul by age groups. reports of autopsies performed between 2001 and 2005 in the morgue department of the council of forensic. medicine in istanbul (n :16853) are examined retrospectively. 833 deaths from accidents in children aged 0-18 years are investigated into the ... | 2011 | 21771555 |
| molecular detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes ricinus ticks from istanbul metropolitan area and rural trakya (thrace) region of north-western turkey. | we demonstrated the presence of the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga), anaplasma phagocytophilum, and the agent of lyme borreliosis, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, in north-western turkey. a total of 241 questing ixodes ricinus adult ticks were sampled by flagging from recreational parks of the asiatic and european sides of the heavily populated istanbul metropolitan area and rural forests of kirklareli located in the thrace region in 2008. both tick-borne pathogens were detected ... | 2011 | 21771542 |
| sporadic-inclusion body myositis (s-ibm) is not so prevalent in istanbul/turkey: a muscle biopsy based survey. | in a muscle biopsy based study, only 9 out of 5450 biopsy samples, received from all parts of greater istanbul area, had typical clinical and most suggestive light microscopic sporadic-inclusion body myositis (s-ibm) findings. two other patients with and ten further patients without characteristic light microscopic findings had referring diagnosis of s-ibm. as the general and the age-adjusted populations of istanbul in 2010 were 13.255.685 and 2.347.300 respectively, the calculated corresponding ... | 2011 | 21842592 |
| prevalence and characteristics of restless legs syndrome (rls) in the elderly and the relation of serum ferritin levels with disease severity: hospital-based study from istanbul, turkey. | the rls is an underdiagnosed condition, characterized by unpleasant sensations in the legs. pathophysiological mechanisms may include iron deficiency as reflected by low serum ferritin levels and dopaminergic system dysfunction. the purpose of our study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of rls in the elderly and the relation of serum ferritin levels with disease severity. ambulatory 1012 (621 women, 391 men, mean age: 73.51-¦7.12 years) consecutive patients above 65 years who ... | 2011 | 21722973 |
| epidemiology of depression in an urban population of turkish children and adolescents. | in turkey, studies of childhood depression have been limited to those using only scales. | 2011 | 21683451 |
| adherence to turkish psychiatric association guideline for bipolar depression treatment in a specialized mood disorders outpatient unit. | bipolar patients spend up to one third of their lives in depression however, acute treatment guidelines mainly focused on the manic phase of illness. with recent attention to the importance of evidence-based medicine in psychiatry, a number of treatment guidelines have emerged to aid clinicians in clinical decision making. here, we aim to measure concordance with the turkish psychiatric association treatment guideline for bipolar disorders (tpatgbd) for the depressive phase of illness. | 2011 | 21685859 |
| investigation of schizophrenic patients from istanbul, turkey for the presence of west nile virus. | association of some neurotropic viruses like borna disease virus and herpes virus with schizophrenia is better explained. however, the role of west nile virus (wnv) infection in schizophrenia is not well documented. therefore, this study was performed to investigate possible association between schizophrenia and presence of antibodies and wnv rna in schizophrenic patients. for this, 200 blood samples from patients with schizophrenia and 200 from control groups were collected in istanbul, turkey. ... | 2011 | 21725713 |
| otitis media with effusion in primary schools in princes' islands, istanbul: prevalence and risk factors. | the prevalence of otitis media with effusion (ome) and environmental risk factors were investigated in 423 children aged 7 - 12 years at three primary schools in princes' islands, istanbul, turkey. an ear, nose and throat examination, including tympanometry, was performed in april (end of the school year) and the families completed a questionnaire about potential risk factors. type b or c2 tympanograms were taken as indicating ome. the overall prevalence of ome was 16%. ome was significantly ass ... | 2011 | 21819719 |
| contributing factors to aggressive behaviors in high school students in turkey. | violence among young people is an important public health topic as a universal problem. one of the recent issues concerning both the media and parents is the aggressive behavior among the high school students in istanbul and the worldwide. the aim of this study was to investigate the types and rates of aggressive behavior and the contributing factors to this behavior among high school students. sample was composed of 805 students of 14-18 ages attending five high schools in istanbul. the most co ... | 2011 | 21825092 |
| knowledge and attitudes toward organ/tissue donation and transplantation among health care professionals working in organ transplantation or dialysis units. | to evaluate the awareness and attitudes of health care professionals toward organ/tissue donation and transplantation. | 2011 | 21693211 |
| antimicrobial resistance patterns of uropathogens among children in istanbul, turkey. | urinary tract infections are a common cause of end-stage renal disease in turkey. this prospective study investigated the antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens in order to recommend appropriate therapeutic protocols for children with urinary tract infections in istanbul, turkey. between october 2007 and october 2008, children presenting with a first episode of urinary tract infection to a pediatric outpatient clinic were enrolled in the study. urine samples were cultured, and antimicrob ... | 2011 | 21710858 |
| [one of our pioneer women surgeons, nermin unalan berkan]. | nermin unalan was born in 1922 in izmir. her family moved to istanbul after her birth. her father was a medical doctor. when she decided to study medicine, her father warned her about the difficulties of the profession. after her graduation from the medical school, she wanted to be a general surgeon, and her father warned her again. however, as she was so determined, he took her to the general surgery department of istanbul medical faculty. with not to marry during residency--she was accepted. i ... | 2004 | 21661212 |
| [the portrait of an elite, during the transformation from the ottoman empire to the turkish republic (1861-1940)]. | having spent the first half of his lifetime during declining years of the ottoman empire and the other half, at the first reformative, energetic decades of the turkish republic, besim omer akalin, m.d. exemplifies very well of a new urban elite at the turn of the 20th century, regarding his education, formation, professional and administrative roles in the society he is known of his remarkable contributions in obstetrics, in pediatrics; and also of his fundamental works for the education of midw ... | 2004 | 21661218 |
| a serological investigation of bartonella henselae infection in cats in turkey. | bartonella henselae is the causative agent of cat scratch disease (csd) in humans. cats are the main reservoir of this bacterium and may infect humans through scratches and bites. the purpose of this study was to determine the b. henselae seroprevalence in cats in turkey. a total of 298 cats blood samples were collected from six different provinces of turkey. sera were tested for the presence of anti-b. henselae igg antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifa). the seroprevalence of b. ... | 2011 | 21737965 |
| [tibor p+®terfi, the founder of micromanipulation]. | tibor p+®terfi (1883-1953) was an eminent and internationally renowned biologist. he made great advances in the field of experimental physiology focusing his cytological research on microscopic examination of living cells. for this task, he created a tool named micromanipulator basing the development of microsurgery and that of cell surgery as well. his histological and cytological researches took their beginning first in kolozsv+ír/cluj (then hungary, now romania), where he worked as an assista ... | 2010 | 21661264 |
| Erich Frank (1884-1957): unsung pioneer in nephrology. | The period between the 2 World Wars was a time of budding interest in renal studies and one that closed in major geopolitical unrest, culminating in World War II. The life of Erich Frank (1884-1957) and his contributions to chronic kidney disease provide considerable insight into this period. Frank began his career in Breslau, Germany. His medical thesis and first publication were on the benign nature of orthostatic proteinuria. He went on to define and differentiate essential from renal hyperte ... | 2011 | 21864962 |
| Clinical characteristics of pediatric-onset neuro-Behçet disease. | Neurologic involvement in the pediatric population with Behçet disease (BD) is limited to case reports. The aim of this study is to examine the frequency and type of neurologic involvement in pediatric patients with BD. | 2011 | 22076549 |
| hepatitis a seroprevalence in children and young adults in istanbul, turkey: seroprevalence change and associated factors. | summary. hepatitis a is a widespread infectious disease. the prevalence of the disease is closely related to socioeconomic status (ses) and environmental factors. understanding its prevalence is essential for instituting appropriate precautions. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis a and evaluate the associated demographic features in children and young adults in istanbul. in total, 630 individuals between the ages of 5-24 were included in the study. they were clas ... | 2012 | 22187947 |
| Effect of diurnal changes in VOC source strengths on performances of receptor models. | INTRODUCTION: The effect of diurnal changes in strengths of volatile organic compound (VOC) sources on the performances of positive matrix factorization (PMF) and principal component analysis (PCA) was investigated using ambient measurement results that were taken during daytime and nighttime hours between March 24 and May 14, 2011, within Davutpasa Campus of Yildiz Technical University (Istanbul, Turkey). METHODS: ... | 2011 | 21987226 |
| bacterial community composition of sediments from artificial lake maslak, istanbul, turkey. | small artificial lakes are ubiquitous in various natural environments. small impoundments increase the residence time of water, thereby increasing the potential for retention of nutrients through biological and physical processes. we examined bacterial community structure of lake maslak, a small freshwater impoundment located in a densely populated region. the objective of our study was to investigate bacterial communities of the lake sediment which has not been determined and to elucidate the f ... | 2011 | 21947879 |
| Endocrinology and art. Hermaphrodite - archeological museum of Istanbul - Turkey. | | 2011 | 22080651 |
| Effects of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement therapy on laryngeal tissue: a histopathological experimental animal study. | Objective. To determine the histopathological effect of estrogen deficiency and hormone replacement treatment on laryngeal tissue in ovariectomized rats. Study Design. Animal study. Setting. The study was conducted at the animal experiment laboratory of Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. Subjects and Methods. Six-month-old female Wistar albino rats were divided into the following 3 groups (n = 8 per group): sham-operated control, ... | 2011 | 21940992 |
| Controversial issues in hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a European Committee for Hyperbaric Medicine Workshop. | Every few years, the European Committee for Hyperbaric Medicine (ECHM) publishes its recommendations concerning the clinical indications for hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). The last recommendations were issued during the 7th European Consensus Conference on Hyperbaric Medicine in 2004. Since then, several publications have reported on the use of HBOT in some indications in which it has not yet been recommended routinely, namely aseptic bone necrosis, global brain ischaemia and autism. Patients ... | 2011 | 21848114 |
| Effects of alopecia on body image and quality of life of Turkish cancer women with or without headscarf. | PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to find out the effects of chemotherapy-related alopecia on body image and quality of life of Turkish women who have cancer with or without headscarves and factors affecting them. METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted with 204 women who received chemotherapy at the Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Turkey. The Patient Description Form, Body Image Scale and Night ... | 2011 | 22179546 |
| [from the fight against tuberculosis to aids: dr. turgut altug (1921-2008)]. | dr. turgut altug was a doctor who was raised in the early republican era of turkey who later continued his professional career in the united states. he graduated as a military doctor from ankara university in 1946, later obtaining a specialty in bacteriology and infectious diseases and working as the hospital director at the heybeliada sanatorium during 1953-1958. his first visit to the us was in 1958, when he spent time in at various military hospitals in washington dc as an observer. he contin ... | 2006 | 22164739 |
| hospitalizations for pediatric intoxication: a study from istanbul. | the objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological features of pediatric patients hospitalized for intoxication. data were collected from the medical records of children < or =14 years of age, admitted for intoxication in 2005-2007. of the 2989 admissions, 330 (11%) were intoxication cases; 238 (72.1%) were <5 years old. pharmaceutic agents were identified in 76.1%. psychotropics were the most frequently ingested drugs (33.9%), and tricyclic antidepressants were the most common (27. ... | 2011 | 21980838 |
| penetrating cardiac injury: factors affecting outcome. | penetrating cardiac injuries are rare but represent a high mortality. early recognition of the injury and rapid intervention are necessary. we analyzed the characteristics of patients with penetrating injury and the factors affecting the outcome, including the experience of the general surgeon. | 2011 | 21935800 |
| prevalence of multiple sclerosis: door-to-door survey in three rural areas of coastal black sea regions of turkey. | background: little information exists on multiple sclerosis (ms) in turkey. with a door-to-door survey in an urban part of istanbul, we recently reported a prevalence rate of 101/100,000 population. we therefore investigated three rural areas of turkey at the same latitude. methods: the same survey methods were used for total populations of two rural areas (kandıra and geyve) near istanbul, and for half the population of erbaa, all near 40° north latitude on the black sea coast. results: in kand ... | 2011 | 22133733 |
| the impact of familial structure on parkinson's disease in istanbul medical school, turkey. | abstract the prevalence and family structure of idiopathic parkinson disease (ipd) in turkey is not known. patients with ipd were recruited consecutively at the medical school of istanbul university over an 18-month period. clinical details were assessed with standardized forms. of the 219 ipd patients, 136 had sporadic ipd [26 with parental consanguinity (cs)], 20 autosomal recessive pd (9 with cs) and 63 autosomal dominant or pseudo-dominant inheritances (20 with cs). age at onset was 49.1 ± ... | 2011 | 21995451 |
| the frequency of familial mediterranean fever in an emergency unit. | approximately 90% of patients with familial mediterranean fever (fmf) complain of recurrent attacks of fever and abdominal pain of various severities. prior to the diagnosis of fmf, the majority of patients are admitted to emergency units with a suspicion of acute abdomen pain and at least half of them undergo unnecessary abdominal interventions. the purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of fmf among the patients who are admitted to emergency units for acute abdominal pain. one hun ... | 2011 | 21968235 |
| analysis of factors influencing organic fruit and vegetable purchasing in istanbul, turkey. | this article examines the influences on the purchasing decisions of fruit and vegetable consumers and presents findings from a survey conducted with 385 respondents living in urban areas in istanbul, turkey. it uses a binary logistic model to estimate factor effects in organic fruit and vegetable purchasing in turkey. the results indicate that concern for human health and safety is a key factor that influences consumer preferences for organic food. findings will help organic product suppliers un ... | 2010 | 21888573 |
| prevalence of cancer pain in outpatients registered to a cancer therapy center in turkey. | introduction: although the world health organization (who) has stated that cancer pain can be controlled in 85-97% of cases with knowledge and technology available today, effective pain control is about 40%. this situation emphasizes the necessity of discussing cancer pain again. objective: this descriptive study was conducted with the aim of determining prevalence, severity, region and frequency of cancer pain in patients registered to a cancer treatment center. materials and methods: a total o ... | 2011 | 22126466 |
| coexistence of bla(oxa-48) and aac(6')-ib-cr genes in klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from istanbul, turkey. | this study evaluated the presence of carbapenem hydrolysing β-lactamase genes and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) determinants in 22 klebsiella pneumoniae isolates collected from the istanbul medical faculty, turkey, which reduced the susceptibility or resistance to carbapenem. the vitek(®) 2 system and e-tests were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations needed to inhibit bacterial growth. genes were screened by polymerase chain reaction, and gene transferability w ... | 2011 | 22117996 |
| clinical knowledge and attitudes of turkish physicians toward rabies caused by animal bites. | rabies is an endemic infectious disease and one of the most important causes of human mortality in both underdeveloped and developing countries. in turkey, 167,000 individuals are believed to be victims of animal bites annually. in this study, we investigated turkish physicians' knowledge and clinical awareness of rabies caused by animal bites. this was a cross-sectional, analytical study. we used questionnaires that collected demographic information and assessed the physicians' basic knowledge ... | 2011 | 21937819 |
| metal (al, fe, mn and cu) distributions and origins of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in the surface sediments of the marmara sea and the coast of istanbul, turkey. | in this study, total metal (al, fe, mn and cu) and pahs analyses have been done in the surface sediments. sediment samples have been collected from seven parts of the marmara sea and the coast of istanbul during 2009. total al, fe, mn and cu contents vary between 1.8% and 5.4%; 1.1% and 2.8%; 122 and 259 μg g(-1); 27 and 416 μg g(-1), respectively. ef and cf values of fe and mn are lower than 1.5 and 1, respectively, in all the stations. total pah contents range between 135 and 6009 ng g(-1) in ... | 2011 | 21903226 |
| melting bones: the social construction of postmenopausal osteoporosis in turkey. | the increased medicalization of different life stages, including menopause, is a subject studied mostly in the western context. examining medicalization in the non-western world advances discussions of body, identity and health. in this paper, i analyze the discourses around postmenopausal osteoporosis in turkey, focusing on the different constructions of risk in the medical and popular literature. the empirical basis of the paper draws on ethnographic research done in istanbul, turkey between j ... | 2011 | 21967826 |
| Weight and height percentiles for 0-84- month-old children in kayseri - a central anatolian city in Turkey. | Objective: The aim of this study was to present weight and height percentiles for Turkish children aged 0-84 months residing in Kayseri, Turkey and to compare these findings with national references and international standards. Methods: We used the data from the Anthropometry of Turkish Children aged 0-6 years (ATCA-06) study. This cross-sectional study conducted in Kayseri/Turkey between September 2009 and May 2010 included 2963 children (1491 girls, 1472 boys) aged 0-84 months. The centile c ... | 2011 | 22155460 |
| size distribution and seasonal variation of airborne particulate matter in five areas in istanbul, turkey. | goal, scope, and background: many studies have focused on measuring fine and course particulate matter (pm) in urban and rural sites around the world. the aim of this research is to gain information on the size distribution of particles. the physical characteristics of pm in the urban air of istanbul were determined. methods: pm sampling was carried out at five stations (avcılar, beşiktaş, kilyos, rasathane, and ... | 2011 | 22037805 |
| prevalence of dental erosion in greek minority school children in istanbul. | to evaluate the prevalence and aetiology of dental erosion in greek minority school children living in istanbul (turkey). | 2011 | 21993068 |
| Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the perception of aggression scale. | The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Perception of Aggression Scale. Cross-sectional data were collected by the completion of questionnaires by 350 nursing students from two nursing schools in Istanbul, Turkey. The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the scale were analysed by using factor analysis (principal component analysis), assessment of internal consistency and reliability, and Spearman's rank correlation coeffici ... | 2011 | 22074024 |
| metabolic syndrome in collection and disposal of solid waste sector. | this study aims to assess the frequency and factors relevant to metabolic syndrome in workers employed in the collection and disposal of solid waste sector. | 2012 | 22219053 |