| the possible role of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in the origin of atherosclerosis. | the biological properties of some herpesviruses such as the ability of latent persistency in the host cells and the presence of viral dna in atherosclerotic lesions, suggest the possible role of herpesviruses in the development of atherosclerosis. although many authors proved the presence of viral dna in arterial wall tissue, the role of herpesviruses in the origin and progress of atherogenesis still remains unclear. | 2000 | 10680737 |
| [human cytomegalovirus infection and congenital malformation]. | to study the relationship between intrauterine cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection and congenital malformation, and to determine the distribution of tissues infected. | 1998 | 10682476 |
| [detection of human cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women and their fetuses by nested polymerase chain reaction]. | to evaluate the applicability of nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction endonucleases analyses (rea) for the diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in pregnant women and their fetuses. | 1998 | 10682477 |
| plant-derived and semi-synthetic calanolide compounds with in vitro activity against both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human cytomegalovirus. | plant-derived and semi-synthetic calanolide compounds with anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) activity were tested for anti-human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) activity in both cytopathic effect inhibition and plaque reduction assays. the results indicated that the anti-hcmv activity of calanolide compounds does not correlate with their activity against hiv-1. the semi-synthetic 12-keto derivatives tended to be more active against hcmv than the corresponding 12-oh congeners, which were mo ... | 2000 | 10693651 |
| a novel peptide aldehyde with activity against human cytomegalovirus in two different in vivo models. | novel peptide aldehydes (pas) were identified as potent inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in vitro. although these compounds were highly effective against hcmv, they did not exhibit any activity against murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). the purpose of this study was to test the antiviral activity of pa 8 as a representative of this novel class of inhibitors against hcmv in vivo. because of the strict species specificity of hcmv we had to use two artificial animal models. in the first model ... | 2000 | 10693654 |
| immediate early gene 2 of human cytomegalovirus increases interleukin 2 receptor-alpha gene expression. | previously, we demonstrated that the cytomegalovirus (cmv) immediate early 2 (ie2) gene product upregulates interleukin-2 receptor-alpha (il-2r alpha) gene expression. to further define this effect, we used a series of il-2r alpha promoter truncations to identify that the primary site of cmv ie2 activity was in the region between -281 and -273 of the il-2r alpha promoter, an area without known transcription factor activity. deletion of known transcription factor enhancer elements resulted in a s ... | 2000 | 10695270 |
| measurement of anti-human cytomegalovirus t cell reactivity in transplant recipients and its potential clinical use: a mini-review. | by allowing direct determination of the frequencies of antigen-specific memory t cells in peripheral blood, novel techniques based on flow cytometry provide new diagnostic opportunities in various clinical settings, including organ transplantation. while the importance of the t cell compartment for the anti-human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immune response is undisputed, efficient monitoring of this response was previously impossible because the conventional methods for measuring cd4+ and cd8+ t cell ... | 1999 | 10702713 |
| human cytomegalovirus infection of immature dendritic cells and macrophages. | a central aspect of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) pathogenesis is the interaction of the virus with different antigen-presenting cell (apc) types of the host. in principle, a number of various cell types have the potential of antigen presentation when mhc ii expression is induced by appropriate stimuli. the most potent antigen presenters are monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells (dcs), therefore called professional apcs. interestingly, these cells seem to be targets of productive hcmv infecti ... | 1999 | 10702719 |
| disseminated fatal human cytomegalovirus disease after severe trauma. | disseminated human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) disease is considered to be uncommon in critically ill but otherwise not immunosuppressed patients. we describe the case of a trauma victim who developed fatal hcmv disease that initially presented as pseudomembranous colitis and resulted in sudden cardiac death. | 2000 | 10708201 |
| human cytomegalovirus pp28 (ul99) localizes to a cytoplasmic compartment which overlaps the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi-intermediate compartment. | although the assembly of herpesviruses has remained an active area of investigation, considerable controversy continues to surround the cellular location of tegument and envelope acquisition. this controversy is particularly evident when the proposed pathways for alpha- and beta-herpesvirus assembly are compared. we have approached this aspect of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) assembly, specifically, envelopment, by investigating the intracellular trafficking of viral tegument proteins which local ... | 2000 | 10729158 |
| development and assessment of a general theory of cervical carcinogenesis utilizing a severe combined immunodeficiency murine-human xenograft model. | currently, we lack a theoretical explanation for why squamous cell cervical cancer develops predominantly in specific sites (i.e., along the squamocolumnar junction). we therefore implanted human cervical tissues containing the transformation zone in severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice and studied morphology, steroid effects, gene expression, and human papillomavirus (hpv) factors. | 2000 | 10739703 |
| humoral immune response to proteins of human cytomegalovirus latency-associated transcripts. | latent human cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection of hematopoietic progenitor cells is associated with the presence of latency-associated transcripts that may express 6 proteins larger than 44 amino acids in size (open reading frame [orf] 55, orf45, orf94, orf59, orf154, orf152/ul124). the serologic response to these proteins was evaluated in healthy seropositive individuals as well as in individuals undergoing active cmv infection. individual recombinant gst-fusion proteins, prepared from bacteria, ... | 2000 | 10741618 |
| strength and specificity of different gene promoters in oral cancer cells. | gene therapy of oral cancer will require expression of genes by promoters that are both powerful and relatively tumor specific. we compared the level of expression of a reporter gene from promoters of human cytomegalovirus (cmv), sv40 virus, mouse mammary tumor virus (mmtv), human papillomaviruses (hpv) types 16 and 18, and the human multi-drug-resistance gene (mdr1), in several lines of oral cancer cells. in the oral cancer cell line 686ln the rank order of expression levels was: cmv > sv40 > h ... | 2000 | 10745175 |
| dysregulation of cyclin e gene expression in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells requires viral early gene expression and is associated with changes in the rb-related protein p130. | we have previously shown that many cell cycle regulatory gene products are markedly affected by infection of primary fibroblasts with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) (f. m. jault, j. m. jault, f. ruchti, e. a. fortunato, c. clark, j. corbeil, d. d. richman, and d. h. spector, j. virol. 69:6697-6704, 1995). one of these proteins, cyclin e, is a key determinant of cell cycle progression during g(1), and its mrna levels are significantly increased in hcmv-infected fibroblasts (b. s. salvant, e. a. for ... | 2000 | 10756032 |
| cytomegalovirus infection of vascular cells induces expression of pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules by paracrine action of secreted interleukin-1beta. | infection with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) has been associated with vascular disease processes such as vascular allograft rejection, transplantation vasculopathy, restenosis after angioplasty, and native atherosclerosis. to elucidate underlying pathomechanisms, the effect of acute hcmv infection on the expression of pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) and human vascular smooth muscle cells (hvsmc) was examined. | 2000 | 10762222 |
| targeting of the gene product encoded by orf ul56 of human cytomegalovirus into viral replication centers. | the highly conserved dna-binding protein pul56 of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) was found to be predominantly localized throughout the nucleus as well as in viral replication centers of infected cells. the latter localization was abolished by phosphono acetic acid, an inhibitor of viral dna replication. immunofluorescence revealed that pul56 co-localized in replication centers alongside pul112-113 and pul44 at late times of infection. by co-immunoprecipitations, a direct interaction with pul44, a ... | 2000 | 10767426 |
| herpesviruses and periodontopathic bacteria in trisomy 21 periodontitis. | little is known about the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease in trisomy 21 patients. this study determined the occurrence of herpesviruses and putative periodontopathic bacteria in trisomy 21 periodontitis. | 2000 | 10776924 |
| herpesviruses in human periodontal disease. | recent studies have identified various herpesviruses in human periodontal disease. epstein-barr virus type 1 (ebv-1) infects periodontal b-lymphocytes and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infects periodontal monocytes/ macrophages and t-lymphocytes. ebv-1, hcmv and other herpesviruses are present more frequently in periodontitis lesions and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis-lesions than in gingivitis or periodontally healthy sites. reactivation of hcmv in periodontitis lesions tends to be asso ... | 2000 | 10791704 |
| intravitreal toxicology and duration of efficacy of a novel antiviral lipid prodrug of ganciclovir in liposome formulation. | to evaluate the intraocular safety and antiviral treatment efficacy of the sustained lipid prodrug of ganciclovir, 1-o-hexadecylpropanediol-3-phospho-ganciclovir (hdp-p-gcv), as an intravitreal injectable drug system for viral retinitis. | 2000 | 10798672 |
| cutting edge: the human cytomegalovirus ul40 gene product contains a ligand for hla-e and prevents nk cell-mediated lysis. | human cmv has evolved multiple strategies to interfere with immune recognition of the host. a variety of mechanisms target ag presentation by mhc class i molecules resulting in a reduced class i cell-surface expression. this down-regulation of class i molecules is expected to trigger nk cytotoxicity, which would have to be counteracted by the virus to establish long-term infection. here we describe that the human cmv open reading frame ul40 encodes a canonical ligand for hla-e, identical with th ... | 2000 | 10799855 |
| interference of the simian virus 40 origin of replication by the cytomegalovirus immediate early gene enhancer: evidence for competition of active regulatory chromatin conformation in a single domain. | replication origins are often found closely associated with transcription regulatory elements in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. to examine the relationship between these two elements, we studied the effect of a strong promoter-enhancer on simian virus 40 (sv40) dna replication. the human cytomegalovirus (cmv) immediate early gene enhancer-promoter was found to exert a strong inhibitory effect on sv40 origin-based plasmid replication in cos-1 cells in a position- and dose-dependent manner ... | 2000 | 10805748 |
| spiropentane mimics of nucleosides: analogues of 2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine. synthesis of all stereoisomers, isomeric assignment, and biological activity. | synthesis of spirocyclic analogues of 2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine (12a-15a and 12b-15b) is described. rhodium-catalyzed reaction of ethyl diazoacetate with methylenecyclopropane 19, obtained from 2-bromo-2-bromomethylcyclopropane 17 via debromination (16), reduction (18), and acetylation (19), gave a mixture of all four isomeric spiropentanes 20a-20d. hydrolysis afforded hydroxy carboxylic acids 21a-21d. acetylation of separated proximal + medial-syn isomers 21a + 21b and medial anti ... | 2000 | 10814087 |
| in vitro activities of methylenecyclopropane analogues of nucleosides and their phosphoralaninate prodrugs against cytomegalovirus and other herpesvirus infections. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection does not generally cause problems in the immunocompetent adult but can result in severe clinical disease in the fetus, neonate, and immunocompromised host. ganciclovir (gcv), the agent currently used to treat most hcmv infections, has resulted in much therapeutic success; however, efficacy remains suboptimal. therefore, there is still a need to develop new compounds for use against hcmv infections. in the present study, several z- and e-series methylenecycl ... | 2000 | 10817700 |
| protection of cattle against bovine leukemia virus (blv) infection could be attained by dna vaccination. | the bovine leukemia virus (blv) envelope gene encoding extracellular glycoprotein gp51 and transmembrane glycoprotein gp30 was cloned into a vehicle expression vector under the human cytomegalovirus (cmv) intermediate early promoter. the intramuscular injection of this plasmid vector generated a cellular immune response. seven out of ten cows vaccinated with the dna construct resisted a drastic challenge (500 blv-infected lymphocytes as an infectious dose). | 1999 | 10824867 |
| structure of transcripts and proteins encoded by u79-80 of human herpesvirus 6 and its subcellular localization in infected cells. | we analyzed the u79-80 gene of human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6), which is predicted to be a positional homolog of the ul112-113 gene of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). the u79-80 gene encoded a family of nuclear proteins of 36, 41, 44, and 59 kda. these proteins had common amino termini and were generated by complex alternative splicing. transcripts from u79-80 appeared as early as 3 h postinfection and could be detected in the presence of phosphonoformate. u79-80 proteins were seen as early as 8 h pos ... | 2000 | 10860885 |
| cytomegalovirus gene regulation by reactive oxygen species. agents in atherosclerosis. | oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and of viral infections caused by sendai virus, influenza and hiv. vascular oxidative stress is due to inflammatory and immune responses of vascular cells, and to reperfusion after recanalization of blocked arteries. because human cytomegalovirus (cmv) may contribute to atherogenesis by several mechanisms, and coronary artery smooth muscle cells (smc) are permissive for the virus, we examined cmv interactions with smc. infect ... | 2000 | 10863553 |
| evaluation of the antiviral activity of kaempferol and its glycosides against human cytomegalovirus. | the antiviral activity of seven flavonoids, belonging to the kaempferol series, was evaluated against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) by a rapid method of detection of the immediate-early (ie) antigen, induced by the virus in infected cells. flavonoids bearing acyl substituents were found to be the most active compounds. | 2000 | 10865462 |
| human cytomegalovirus seroprevalence in three socioeconomically different urban areas during the first trimester: a population-based cohort study. | to re-evaluate the impact of socioeconomic status and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) seroprevalence during pregnancy, we carried out a population-based cohort study. | 2000 | 10869335 |
| analysis of virus-infected cells by flow cytometry. | flow cytometry has been used to study virus-cell interactions for many years. this article critically reviews a number of reports on the use of flow cytometry for the detection of virus-infected cells directly in clinical samples and in virus-infected cultured cells. examples are presented of the use of flow cytometry to screen antiviral drugs against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), human cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex viruses (hsv) and to perform drug susceptibility testing for these v ... | 2000 | 10873479 |
| a subset of viral transcripts packaged within human cytomegalovirus particles. | a human cytomegalovirus gene array was used to identify a previously unidentified class of viral transcripts. these transcripts, termed virion rnas, were packaged within infectious virions and were delivered to the host cell on infection. this mechanism of herpesvirus gene expression allows for viral genes to be expressed within an infected cell immediately after virus entry and in the absence of transcription from the viral genome. | 2000 | 10875924 |
| transfusion-associated infections with cytomegalovirus and other human herpesviruses. | of all human herpesviruses, human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is the most significant cause of transfusion-associated (ta) morbidity and mortality. the problem of ta hcmv infection differs from that of other transfusion-transmitted infections in that only certain groups of patients require hcmv-free blood or blood components, i.e. seronegative pregnant women, premature infants of low birth weight who are born to seronegative mothers, seronegative recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants from ... | 2000 | 10878482 |
| design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of tricyclic nucleosides (dimensional probes) as analogues of certain antiviral polyhalogenated benzimidazole ribonucleosides. | the polyhalogenated benzimidazole nucleosides 2,5, 6-trichloro-1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole (tcrb) and the 2-bromo analogue (bdcrb) were synthesized in our laboratory and established as potent and selective inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) with a novel mode of action. in an effort to study the behavior of the key substructure in a dimensionally extended manner and probe the spatial limitation of the target enzyme(s), a series of 2-substituted 6, 7-dichloro-1-(beta-d-ribofurano ... | 2000 | 10882370 |
| 6-n-acyltriciribine analogues: structure-activity relationship between acyl carbon chain length and activity against hiv-1. | triciribine (tcn) and triciribine-5'-monophosphate (tcn-p) are active against hiv-1 at submicromolar concentrations. in an effort to improve and better understand this activity, we have conducted a structure-activity relationship study to explore the tolerance of tcn to structural modifications at the 6-position. a number of 6-n-acyltriciribine analogues were synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity and cytotoxicity. the cytotoxicity of these compounds was minimal in three human cell lin ... | 2000 | 10882373 |
| the catalytic subunit of herpes simplex virus type 1 dna polymerase contains a nuclear localization signal in the ul42-binding region. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 dna polymerase consists of a catalytic subunit (pol or ul30) and a processivity factor (ul42). the pol/ul42 interaction, which occurs through the extreme c-terminus of pol, is essential for hsv-1 replication and thus represents a valid target for drug inhibition. we recently showed (a. loregian et al. (1999) proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 96, 5221-5226) that an oligopeptide corresponding to the 27 c-terminal amino acids of pol, when delivered into herpes simplex virus ... | 2000 | 10891416 |
| human papillomavirus and human cytomegalovirus dnas presence in patients suspected of condylomatosis or papillomatosis. | 17 samples of total cell dna isolated from cervical smears from women suspected of condyloma or papilloma were analysed by pcr with appropriate primers, in order to establish the presence of viral dnas (hpv and/or hcmv). hpv dna was found in seven cases, and so was for hcmv dna. only in three cases a coinfection was present. the rflp allowed to specify the involvement of hpv6 in 3 cases suspected of condyloma and in one suspected of papilloma; the other three hpv positive samples had another gen ... | 1998 | 10892429 |
| immunogenicity evaluation of dna vaccines that target guinea pig cytomegalovirus proteins glycoprotein b and ul83. | vaccines are needed for control of congenital human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection. although the species-specificity of cytomegaloviruses precludes preclinical evaluation of hcmv vaccines in animal models, the guinea pig cytomegalovirus (gpcmv), which causes disease in utero, is a relevant model for the study of vaccines against congenital infection. we investigated whether dna vaccines that target two gpcmv proteins, glycoprotein b (gb) and ul83 (pp65), are capable of eliciting immune respons ... | 2000 | 10892996 |
| evaluation of tta-mediated gene activation system on human cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type-1 infections. | the tetracycline-controlled transactivator (tta)-mediated gene activation system was examined in virus infected cells to determine its role in the control of gene expression. in the presence of tta, the gene expression from the teto-modified minimal promoter was efficiently activated in the uninfected cells, whereas essentially no activation was observed from the only minimal promoter without the seven direct repeats of 42 bp teto sequences. however, essentially no activation was observed when o ... | 2000 | 10896059 |
| the immunogenicity of human and murine cytomegaloviruses. | cytomegaloviruses are strictly host-species-specific. during an aeon of co-evolution, virus and host have found an arrangement: the productive and cytopathogenic cycle of viral gene expression is held in check by the host's immune response. as a consequence, cytomegalovirus disease is restricted to the immunocompromised host. the virus has evolved strategies to avoid its elimination and eventually hides itself in a silent state, referred to as 'viral latency'. redundant molecular mechanisms have ... | 2000 | 10899017 |
| fast screening procedures for random transposon libraries of cloned herpesvirus genomes: mutational analysis of human cytomegalovirus envelope glycoprotein genes. | we have cloned the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) genome as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) in escherichia coli. here, we have subjected the hcmv bac to random transposon (tn) mutagenesis using a tn1721-derived insertion sequence and have provided the conditions for excision of the bac cassette. we report on a fast and efficient screening procedure for a tn insertion library. bacterial clones containing randomly mutated full-length hcmv genomes were transferred into 96-well mic ... | 2000 | 10933677 |
| functional interaction between pleiotropic transactivator pul69 of human cytomegalovirus and the human homolog of yeast chromatin regulatory protein spt6. | the phosphoprotein pul69 of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), which is a herpesvirus of considerable medical importance in immunosuppressed patients and newborns, has previously been identified as an early-late viral protein that can stimulate several viral and cellular promoters and thus exerts a rather broad activation pattern. to gain insight into the mechanism of this transactivation process, we looked for cellular factors interacting with pul69 in a yeast two-hybrid screen. using a b-lymphocyte ... | 2000 | 10933715 |
| efficient transduction of nondividing cells by optimized feline immunodeficiency virus vectors. | second- and third-generation three-plasmid vector systems, termed felix, were constructed from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). to enhance vector production, the weak fiv long terminal repeat promoter was replaced with the human cytomegalovirus enhancer/promoter. to construct a minimal system in which gag-pol was the only viral protein present, the cytoplasmic transport element was used in place of the fiv rev-rre system to facilitate nuclear export of gag-pol and the transfer vector. unconc ... | 2000 | 10933909 |
| the potential terminase subunit of human cytomegalovirus, pul56, is translocated into the nucleus by its own nuclear localization signal and interacts with importin alpha. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) dna-binding protein pul56 is thought to be involved in the cleavage/packaging process of viral dna and therefore needs to be transported into the nucleus. by using indirect immunofluorescence analysis, hcmv pul56 (p130) was found to be localized predominantly in the nucleus of infected cells. solitary expression of wild-type as well as epitope-tagged pul56 also resulted in nuclear distribution after transfection, suggesting the presence of an endogenous nuclear local ... | 2000 | 10950981 |
| functional analysis of the cd8+cd57+ cell population in normal healthy individuals and matched unrelated t-cell-depleted bone marrow transplant recipients. | the biological activities of cd8+ that co-express cd57 remain poorly defined. it is unclear whether all cd8+ cells have the potential to become cd57+ or whether they represent a unique subset with distinct functions. several studies have reported the association between elevated numbers of cd8+cd57+ and a wide range of clinical disorders such as viral reactivation of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). in this study, we have investigated the relationship between viral reactivation and the effect of di ... | 2000 | 10971387 |
| cellular zinc status regulates cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter. | diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (dtpa) inhibits human cytomegalovirus (cmv) replication in vitro, although the mechanism has remained unclear. the present study shows that dtpa inhibits cmv major immediate-early (mie) promoter activity in a luciferase reporter assay, whereas its enhancer-less promoter was not affected. the inhibitory effect of dtpa on cmv mie promoter activity was abrogated by stoichiometric amounts of cations in the following (decreasing) order, zn(2+)>co(2+)>ni(2+)>cu(2+)> ... | 2000 | 10974373 |
| novel class of thiourea compounds that inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 dna cleavage and encapsidation: resistance maps to the ul6 gene. | in our search for novel inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), a new class of thiourea inhibitors was discovered. n-(4-[3-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-thioureido]-phenyl)-acetamide and its 2-fluoro-benzamide derivative inhibited hsv-1 replication. hsv-2, human cytomegalovirus, and varicella-zoster virus were inhibited to a lesser extent. the compounds acted late in the replication cycle by impairing both the cleavage of concatameric viral dna into progeny genome length and the pack ... | 2000 | 10982350 |
| human cytomegalovirus virions differentially incorporate viral and host cell rna during the assembly process. | while analyzing human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) gene expression in infected cells by rna-specific nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba), positive results were observed for hcmv rna encoded by several viral genes immediately after the addition of the virus. uv-inactivated virus also gave a positive nasba result without establishing active infection, suggesting that rna was associated with the inoculum. highly purified virions devoid of cellular contamination proved to be positive for vir ... | 2000 | 10982353 |
| new pyridone approach: total synthesis of mappicine ketone (nothapodytine b). | a novel synthesis of mappicine ketone, which possesses strong selective activity against the herpes viruses hsv-1 and hsv-2, including those acyclovir-resistant, and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) has been efficiently accomplished. the synthesis highlights a new pyridone approach that effectively combines a double, intramolecular michael addition in a conjugated ester-conjugated amide with oxidation-decarboxylation of the resulting piperidone. | 2000 | 10993348 |
| human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene 2 expression leads to jcv replication in nonpermissive cells via transcriptional activation of jcv t antigen. | human papovavirus jcv is the causative agent of the demyelinating brain disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) that typically develops as a complication of impaired immunocompetence. jcv displays a strong tropism for glial cells which is correlated by glial-specific transcriptional regulation of viral gene expression. in a previous report hcmv was shown to overcome the restricted cell specificity of jcv by inducing dna replication of a pml-derived jcv strain in human fibroblast ... | 2000 | 10998333 |
| naphthalene carboxamides as inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus dna polymerase. | ortho-hydroxynaphthalene carboxamides have been identified as inhibitors of hcmv dna polymerase. sar investigations have demonstrated that both the amide and hydroxy functionalities are required for activity. substitution on the naphthalene ring has led to inhibitors with submicromolar ic50s against hcmv polymerase. these compounds have been found to be >100-fold selective for inhibition of hcmv polymerase versus human alpha polymerase and display antiviral activity in a cell-based plaque reduct ... | 2000 | 10999475 |
| different patterns of induction of fibroblast growth factor-2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor messenger rnas during kindling epileptogenesis, and development of a herpes simplex vector for fibroblast growth factor-2 gene transfer in vivo. | to investigate the gene expression patterns of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (fgf-2) in the kindling model, and to construct a replication-defective herpes simplex virus vector to induce expression of fgf-2 in vivo. | 2000 | 10999533 |
| systemic sclerosis immunoglobulin g autoantibodies bind the human cytomegalovirus late protein ul94 and induce apoptosis in human endothelial cells. | systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by immunological and vascular abnormalities. autoantibodies against intracellular antigens are associated with particular clinical features of the disease, whereas autoantibodies against cell surface antigens may be pathogenic by inducing endothelial cell damage, considered the primary event in the pathogenesis of the disease. latent human cytomegalovirus infection may contribute to progression of systemic sclerosis through its ability to ... | 2000 | 11017152 |
| [cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection in infants may result intractable stridor]. | we found ten cases of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection who were intractable stridor. their symptoms were not improved by the treatment with aminophyllin nor beta stimulants. they were admitted repeatedly complaining of stridor, fever and diarrhea. in two cases, the immunological findings showed a decrease of bacterial sterilizing activity of the neutrophils. additionally, blood count showed leukocytosis more than 15,000/ul in all cases. total serum ige and specific ige antibodies to many an ... | 2000 | 11019517 |
| activation of transcription of the human cytomegalovirus early ul4 promoter by the ets transcription factor binding element. | the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) early ul4 promoter has served as a useful model for studying the activation of early viral gene expression. previous transient-transfection experiments detected cis-acting elements (the nf-y site and site 2) upstream of the transcriptional start site (l. huang and m. f. stinski, j. virol. 69:7612-7621, 1995). the roles of two of these sites, the nf-y site and site 2, in the context of the viral genome were investigated further by comparing mrna levels from the ea ... | 2000 | 11024111 |
| rev-binding aptamer and cmv promoter act as decoys to inhibit hiv replication. | we examined whether the antiviral effect of an hiv-1 rev-binding aptamer [rbe(apt)] could be enhanced by a ribozyme directed against the hiv-1 env gene, and whether the antiviral activity was affected by different promoters. the efficacy of the aptamer and ribozyme dnas was tested in hela cells co-transfected with the hiv-1 proviral clones, hxbdeltabgl or pnl4-3, using transferrin-lipoplexes. the rbe(apt) and anti-env ribozyme genes were inserted into the ptzu6+27 plasmid, or constructed under t ... | 2000 | 11024283 |
| evaluation of the half-life of intravenous human cytomegalovirus immune globulin in patients receiving partially mismatched related donor bone marrow transplantation. | to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and use of intravenous human cytomegalovirus immune globulin (cytogam) in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (bmt). | 2000 | 11034040 |
| human herpesvirus 6 is an important pathogen in infectious lung disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. | two hundred and ten bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) samples were obtained from 50 patients 10 days before and on defined days after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (bmt). the samples were examined for human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). fifteen patients (30%) had a positive result for hcmv in at least one sample and 25 (50%) were positive for hhv-6 in at least one sample. five patients developed hcmv-associated interstitial pneumon ... | 2000 | 11035370 |
| the antigenic domain 1 of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b contains an intramolecular disulphide bond. | glycoprotein b (gb, gpul55) is the major antigen recognized by the neutralizing humoral immune response against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). the immunodominant region on gb is the antigenic domain 1 (ad-1), a complex structure that requires a minimal continuous sequence of more than 75 amino acids (aa 552-635) for antibody binding. in this study, the structural requirements for antibody binding to ad-1 have been determined. the domain was expressed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems and anal ... | 2000 | 11038377 |
| constitutive signaling of the human cytomegalovirus-encoded chemokine receptor us28. | previously it was shown that the hhv-8-encoded chemokine receptor orf74 shows considerable agonist-independent, constitutive activity giving rise to oncogenic transformation (arvanitakis, l., geras-raaka, e., varma, a., gershengorn, m. c., and cesarman, e. (1997) nature 385, 347-350). in this study we report that a second viral-encoded chemokine receptor, the human cytomegalovirus-encoded us28, also efficiently signals in an agonist-independent manner. transient expression of us28 in cos-7 cells ... | 2001 | 11050102 |
| metal mediated protease inhibition: design and synthesis of inhibitors of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) protease. | a versatile synthetic route to a novel series of bis-imidazolemethanes designed to inhibit the hcmv protease has been developed and a series of potential metal binding inhibitors has been identified. in selectivity assays, the compounds were highly specific for cmv protease and showed no inhibition (ic50 > 100 microm) of other prototypical serine proteases such as trypsin, elastase, and chymotrypsin. although the presence of free zinc ions was found to be an absolute requirement for the in vitro ... | 2000 | 11055338 |
| analytical performance and clinical utility of a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay for detection of cytomegalovirus infection. | a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) assay for qualitative detection of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) pp67 mrna was evaluated in a multicenter study. negative results were obtained for all specimens from 50 cmv-seronegative and 50 cmv-seropositive low-risk whole-blood donors. no interference with cmv mrna amplification was observed in the testing of 288 specimens containing various potential interfering substances, nonspecifically reacting substances (including mrna from other herpe ... | 2000 | 11060058 |
| evaluation of human cytomegalovirus gene expression in thoracic organ transplant recipients using nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. | human cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection is a major cause of morbidity in transplant patients. early diagnosis and treatment have been shown to improve outcome. we evaluated the suitability of cmv immediate early, early, and late gene expression detected by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) as markers of cmv infection. | 2000 | 11063343 |
| indolocarbazoles exhibit strong antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus and are potent inhibitors of the pul97 protein kinase. | we have analyzed a panel of protein kinase inhibitors (pkis) and found that some indolocarbazoles (gö6976, k252a, k252c) proved to be highly effective inhibitors of gcv-sensitive and -resistant human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) strains, but did not show any effect against herpes simplex virus. antiviral activity was determined by focus reduction assays (ic(50) ranging from 0.009 to 0.4 microm). other inhibitors of serine/threonine kinases (gö6850, h-7, roscovitine) were found to be ineffective. virus ... | 2000 | 11080540 |
| the p13ii protein of htlv type 1: comparison with mitochondrial proteins coded by other human viruses. | in addition to the essential regulatory proteins rex and tax, the htlv-1 genome encodes several accessory proteins of yet undefined function. one of these "orphan" proteins, named p13(ii), was recently shown to be selectively targeted to mitochondria and to induce specific changes in mitochondrial morphology suggestive of altered inner membrane permeability and swelling. this represented the first report of a retroviral gene product targeted to mitochondria, and suggested that p13(ii)-induced al ... | 2000 | 11080824 |
| analysis of human cytomegalovirus dna in urines of newborns and infants by means of a new ultrarapid real-time pcr-system. | amplification techniques such as pcr are becoming increasingly popular in the field of diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) also, thus substituting conventional techniques like the time consuming hcmv antigen or cell culture assays. current pcr protocols however, are labor intensive, and moreover, the need for extensive postamplification manipulations increases the risk of false positive results due to contamination with amplified products. | 2000 | 11090754 |
| antioxidant effect of estrogen on cytomegalovirus-induced gene expression in coronary artery smooth muscle cells. | pathogens infecting the arterial wall with resultant inflammation may contribute to atherogenesis. human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (smcs) infected with human cytomegalovirus (cmv) demonstrate a rapid increase in reactive oxygen species (ross), with activation of genes involved in viral replication and inflammation. because estrogen appears to have antioxidant properties, we wished to determine whether this hormone attenuates smc responses to cmv infection. | 2000 | 11113051 |
| crystal structure and ligand binding properties of the d1d2 region of the inhibitory receptor lir-1 (ilt2). | lir-1 is an inhibitory receptor that recognizes class i mhc molecules and the human cytomegalovirus class i homolog ul18. here, we report the 2.1 a resolution crystal structure of the ligand binding portion of lir-1 (domains 1 and 2 [d1d2]) and localize the binding region for ul18. lir-1 d1d2 is composed of two immunoglobulin-like domains arranged at an acute angle to form a bent structure resembling the structures of natural killer inhibitory receptors (kirs). the lir-1 binding site comprises a ... | 2000 | 11114384 |
| acute rejection before cytomegalovirus infection enhances von willebrand factor and soluble vcam-1 in blood. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infections in transplantation patients are associated with vascular endothelial damage. this is reflected by the appearance of cytomegalic endothelial cells (cecs) and noninfected endothelial cells (ecs) in blood. to get more insight in the extent of vascular damage during hcmv infection, we investigated the levels of soluble markers during hcmv infection in relationship to ec levels and also preceding the acute rejection episodes. | 2000 | 11115088 |
| ul82 virion protein activates expression of immediate early viral genes in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells. | the human cytomegalovirus ul82 gene encodes a protein (pp71) that is localized in the tegument domain of the virus particle. the ul82 gene product is delivered to the nucleus at the time of infection, and it is believed to function in gene activation. we have constructed a human cytomegalovirus mutant, adsubul82, that lacks a substantial portion of the ul82 coding region. it was propagated on human diploid fibroblasts expressing the ul82 gene product, and it was possible to produce a mutant viru ... | 2000 | 11121054 |
| characteristics of dna-binding activity of human cytomegalovirus ppul44. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-specific monoclonal antibody, scmvm34, recognizes the early antigen encoded by ul44 of hcmv. this antigen is confined to the nucleus of hcmv-infected cells. this study was performed to characterize the dna-binding activity of the protein encoded by ul44 of hcmv. the nuclear and cytoskeletal fraction of hcmv-infected cells was subjected to 0.4 m nacl extraction, deae-sephacel ion exchange chromatography, dna-cellulose chromatography and sds-page analysis with monitori ... | 2000 | 11128066 |
| substituted 1,6-naphthyridines as human cytomegalovirus inhibitors: conformational requirements. | substituted 1,6-naphthyridine derivatives, a new class of human cytomegalovirus inhibitors, were prepared to demonstrate the role of intramolecular hydrogen bonds to maintain the compounds in their active conformation. | 2000 | 11133087 |
| activation of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) lytic replication by human cytomegalovirus. | the majority of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv)-infected cells identified in vivo contain latent kshv, with lytic replication in only a few percent of cells, as is the case for the cells of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) lesions. factors that influence kshv latent or lytic replication are not well defined. because persons with ks are often immunosuppressed and susceptible to many infectious agents, including human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), we have investigated the potential for hcmv to influ ... | 2001 | 11152511 |
| cell type-specific adenoviral transgene expression in the intact ovine pituitary gland after stereotaxic delivery: an in vivo system for long-term multiple parameter evaluation of human pituitary gene therapy. | ablative therapies for pituitary tumors commonly cause irreversible damage to normal pituitary cells. toxin gene therapy should therefore ideally be targeted to specific cell types to avoid collateral cell damage. to evaluate cell-type-specific adenoviral gene transfer in the intact pituitary gland we have used stereotaxic transcranial delivery of recombinant adenoviruses in the sheep with continuous assessment of endocrine function. adenoviral ss-galactosidase expression was driven either by th ... | 2001 | 11159852 |
| reactivation of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early regulatory region and viral replication in embryonal ntera2 cells: role of trichostatin a, retinoic acid, and deletion of the 21-base-pair repeats and modulator. | inactivity of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) major immediate-early regulatory region (mierr), which is composed of promoter, enhancer, unique region, and modulator, is linked to lack of hcmv replication in latently infected cells and in other nonpermissive cell types, including human embryonal ntera2 carcinoma (nt2) cells. i refined the embryonal nt2 cell model to enable characterization of the unknown mechanistic basis for silencing of hcmv mierr-dependent transcription and viral replication ... | 2001 | 11160656 |
| the tegument protein ppul25 of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a major target antigen for the anti-cmv antibody response. | a viral protein of approximately 82 kda is the only structural protein of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) that is strongly immunogenic during natural infection and the corresponding gene of which is still unknown. in this work, strong evidence is presented that this protein is the product of ul25. | 2001 | 11161271 |
| adult human heart microvascular endothelial cells are permissive for non-lytic infection by human cytomegalovirus. | human cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection has been linked to chronic heart disease. the mechanism of cmv dissemination to the heart remains unknown. cmv antigens and nucleic acid sequences have been detected in endothelial cells (ecs) in vivo, and ecs are fully permissive hosts to cmv replication in vitro. this report examines the characteristics of cmv replication in primary cultures of human heart microvascular ecs (hhmecs). | 2001 | 11164854 |
| comparative evaluation of gene delivery devices in primary cultures of rat hepatic stellate cells and rat myofibroblasts. | the hepatic stellate cell is the primary cell type responsible for the excessive formation and deposition of connective tissue elements during the development of hepatic fibrosis in chronically injured liver. culturing quiescent hepatic stellate cells on plastic causes spontaneous activation leading to a myofibroblastic phenotype similar to that seen in vivo. this provides a simple model system for studying activation and transdifferentiation of these cells. the introduction of exogenous dna int ... | 2000 | 11178102 |
| introducing foreign dna into tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) by electroporation. | electroporation was used to introduce pflag-cmv-1-bap, a dna fragment that includes a bacterial alkaline phosphatase gene driven by a human cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter, into penaeus monodon zygotes. the transgenic tiger shrimp was achievedby using 10kv, 28 pulses, 120 g sec pulse time, 10 cycles, and a dna concentration of 37.5 microg/ml. the hatching rate of electroporated zygotes (46%) was significantly lower than that of zygotes in the untreated group (89%). the survival rate of postlarvae ... | 2000 | 11191866 |
| immune responses and cytokine induction in the development of severe hepatitis during acute infections with murine cytomegalovirus. | salivary gland-derived murine cytomegalovirus (sgv) infections of mice have been widely used as models of human cytomegalovirus infections and in the study of cmv biology. still, many aspects of sgv pathogenesis are not clearly defined. fatal and non-fatal sgv infections were investigated to characterize pathogenetic correlates of mortality and to assess the role of the immune response in disease progression. suppression of immune responses was observed in both lethal and sublethal infections. d ... | 2000 | 11205107 |
| control of mhc class i traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum by cellular chaperones and viral anti-chaperones. | mhc class i molecules assemble with peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum (er). to ensure that only peptide-loaded mhc molecules leave the er, empty molecules are retained by er-resident chaperones, most notably the mhc-specific tapasin. er exit of class i mhc is also controlled by viruses, but for the opposite purpose of preventing peptide presentation to t cells. interestingly, some viral proteins are able to retain mhc class i molecules in the er despite being transported. by contrast, other ... | 2000 | 11208115 |
| population coverage by hla class-i restricted cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitopes. | vaccination using cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) epitopes has become a widely used immunization strategy, especially because their structure makes them an attractive alternative to the delivery of whole proteins as immunogens. nonetheless, their use is limited, in particular because of their specificity, being recognized only by cognate hla alleles. the potential for immunizing a substantial portion of an ethnically diverse population using a modest number of peptides has been aided by the identif ... | 2001 | 11220618 |
| adenoviral vector design for high-level transgene expression in primitive human hematopoietic progenitors. | adenoviral vector-mediated transient gene expression can provide new possibilities for ex vivo manipulation of quiescent hematopoietic stem cells (hsc). in order to define a suitable expression cassette for high levels of transgene expression in hscs, we have studied the level of transgene expression in human cd34+cd38- cells using adenoviral vectors with various gene expression cassettes encoding the enhanced green fluorescence protein (egfp) gene. cd34+ hematopoietic cells were cultured in ser ... | 2000 | 11223995 |
| viral regulation of rantes expression during human cytomegalovirus infection of endothelial cells. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) evades healthy immune responses during infection, and this evasion may allow hcmv to establish latency in the host. the human vasculature has been recognized as a site of hcmv infection and may also be a site of latent hcmv infection. as the interface between circulating cells and underlying parenchymal cells, the vascular endothelium provides signals for local reaction of inflammatory cells. we propose that hcmv down-regulates expression of the proinflammatory chemo ... | 2001 | 11238864 |
| interaction of viruses with annexins: a potential therapeutic target? | this review elaborates on the known interactions of annexins with some viral pathogens of man. the best documented interactions are those between human cytomegalovirus and annexin ii, and hepatitis b virus and annexin v. the review starts with a description of some structural considerations and potential functions of these annexins before going into a more detailed analysis of the viral interactions themselves. finally, some questions relating to the suitability of these interactions as a drug t ... | 2000 | 11249692 |
| an investigation into the heparin-binding properties of a synthetic peptide deduced from the antigenic domain 2 of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b. | an investigation was performed into the heparin-binding properties of a synthetic peptide deduced from the sequence of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b. the peptide, t7-13:3, amino acids 69-78, which was previously shown to contain a neutralization epitope was able to bind heparin coated onto microtitre plates as well as immobilized on agarose beads. conversely, labelled heparin could be used to specifically detect the immobilized peptide. the peptide bound to human cells in a manner which s ... | 2001 | 11251886 |
| selective nonpeptidic inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1 and human cytomegalovirus proteases. | the proteases encoded by herpesviruses including herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) are attractive targets for antiviral drug development because of their important roles in viral replication. we randomly screened a chemical compound library for inhibitory activity against hsv-1 protease. 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene and three naphthoquinones were found to be potent inhibitors of hsv-1 protease with ic50 values of 6.4 to 16.9 microm. inhibitory mode analysis of the ... | 2001 | 11256477 |
| evaluation of five commercial enzyme immunoassays for the detection of human cytomegalovirus-specific igm antibodies in the absence of a commercially available gold standard. | in the recent years the number of commercially available immunoassays for the detection of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies has rapidly increased. the aim of the present study was to evaluate five commercial immunoassays for the serological diagnosis of hcmv-infection. these methods, namely the imx cmv igm assay, the axsym cmv igm assay (both abbott), the gull cmv igm, the cmv-igm-ela test pcs medac and the biotest anti-hcmv recombinant igm elisa, were comp ... | 2001 | 11256803 |
| degradation of p21cip1 in cells productively infected with human cytomegalovirus. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) stimulates arrested cells to enter the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), notably cdk2. several mechanisms are involved in the activation of cdk2. hcmv causes a substantial increase in the abundance of cyclin e and stimulates translocation of cdk2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. further, the abundance of the cdk inhibitors (ckis) p21cip1/waf1 (p21cip1) and p27kip1 is substantially reduced. the activity of cyclin e/cdk2 increases as levels of ... | 2001 | 11264351 |
| immune evasion by human cytomegalovirus: lessons in immunology and cell biology. | the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) has dedicated a significant part of its genome to genes encoding molecules that modulate the host immune response. many of these genes have homologues in the host genome. others, however, are unique in the sense that no obvious primary sequence identity is found in the available databases. the hcmv gene products interfere with the activation of mhc class i and class ii restricted t cells and nk cells, modify the function of cytokines and their receptors, interact ... | 2001 | 11289798 |
| sorting of glycoprotein b from human cytomegalovirus to protein storage vesicles in seeds of transgenic tobacco. | as part of ongoing studies into the use of plant expression systems for making human therapeutic proteins, we have successfully expressed the major glycoprotein, gb, of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in transgenic tobacco plants. viral glycoprotein was detectable in the protein extracts of mature tobacco seeds using neutralizing and non-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies specific for gb. although several mammalian proteins have been expressed in tobacco, localization of these proteins in transgeni ... | 2001 | 11305363 |
| analysis and characterization of the complete genome of tupaia (tree shrew) herpesvirus. | the tupaia herpesvirus (thv) was isolated from spontaneously degenerating tissue cultures of malignant lymphoma, lung, and spleen cell cultures of tree shrews (tupaia spp.). the determination of the complete nucleotide sequence of the thv strain 2 genome resulted in a 195,857-bp-long, linear dna molecule with a g+c content of 66.5%. the terminal regions of the thv genome and the loci of conserved viral genes were found to be g+c richer. furthermore, no large repetitive dna sequences could be ide ... | 2001 | 11312357 |
| susceptibility of human cytomegalovirus to two-drug combinations in vitro. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for immunocompromised hosts. we sought to determine the in vitro susceptibility of hcmv reference laboratory strains, clinical isolates and strains with known resistance to currently available anticytomegaloviral drugs to two-drug combinations of the following compounds: ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir and its cyclic congener, cyclic hpmpc (chpmpc), and lobucavir. cytotoxicity was determined by trypan blue exclusion of ce ... | 1996 | 11324826 |
| detection and quantification of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) as a marker for development of cmv disease and survival in patients with aids. | | 1997 | 11327439 |
| [diagnostic value of human cytomegalovirus late-mrna detection for intrauterine active human cytomegalovirus infection]. | to study diagnostic value of late-mrna detection for intrauterine active human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection. | 1999 | 11360611 |
| in vitro selection of human cytomegalovirus variants unable to transfer virus and virus products from infected cells to polymorphonuclear leukocytes and to grow in endothelial cells. | four human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) isolates from different clinical sources were extensively propagated in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (helf). plaque isolates from each of the four virus strains were evaluated for their ability to be transferred to polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnl) and to grow in endothelial cells (ec). while all four of the clinical strains were found to be both pmnl- and ec-tropic, variants were identified from each of the four strains that lacked both biological propert ... | 2001 | 11369888 |
| inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus replication drastically reduce the activity of the viral protein kinase pul97. | the ul97-encoded protein kinase (pul97) of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) plays a critical role in the control of virus replication. deletion of the ul97 gene results in a drastic reduction in the replication efficiency. although the exact function of pul97 remains unclear and its sensitivity to specific inhibitors is speculative, protein kinase inhibitors of the indolocarbazole class are effective inhibitors of cytomegalovirus. based on the phosphorylation of ganciclovir (gcv), a novel quantifica ... | 2001 | 11369889 |
| epstein-barr virus-encoded protein kinase bglf4 mediates hyperphosphorylation of cellular elongation factor 1delta (ef-1delta): ef-1delta is universally modified by conserved protein kinases of herpesviruses in mammalian cells. | translation elongation factor 1delta (ef-1delta) is hyperphosphorylated in various mammalian cells infected with alpha-, beta- and gammaherpesviruses and ef-1delta modification is mediated by viral protein kinases, including ul13 of herpes simplex virus type 1 and ul97 of human cytomegalovirus. in this study, the following is reported. (i) bglf4 encoded by the prototype gammaherpesvirus epstein-barr virus was purified as a fusion protein that was labelled with [gamma-(32)p]atp and labelling was ... | 2001 | 11369891 |
| cmv infection of liver transplant recipients: comparison of antigenemia and molecular biology assays. | cmv is a major clinical problem in transplant recipients. thus, it is important to use sensitive and specific diagnostic techniques to rapidly and accurately detect cmv infection and identify patients at risk of developing cmv disease. in the present study, cmv infection after liver transplantation was monitored retrospectively by two molecular biology assays - a quantitative pcr assay and a qualitative nasba assay. the results were compared with those obtained by prospective pp65 antigenemia de ... | 2001 | 11389774 |
| human cytomegalovirus chemokine receptor gene us28 is transcribed in latently infected thp-1 monocytes. | the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) us28 gene product, pus28, is a g protein-coupled receptor that interacts with both cc and cx(3)c chemokines. to date, the role of pus28 in immune evasion and cell migration has been studied only in cell types that can establish productive hcmv infection. we show that hcmv can latently infect thp-1 monocytes and that during latency us28 is transcribed. we also show that the transcription is sustained during differentiation of the thp-1 monocytes. since cells expre ... | 2001 | 11390596 |
| global modulation of cellular transcription by human cytomegalovirus is initiated by viral glycoprotein b. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection alters the expression of many cellular genes, including ifn-stimulated genes (isgs) [zhu, h., cong, j.-p., mamtora, g., gingeras, t. & shenk, t. (1998) proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 95, 14470-14475]. by using high-density cdna microarrays, we show that the hcmv-regulated gene expression profile in fibroblasts does not differ substantially from the response generated by ifn. furthermore, we identified the specific viral component triggering this response as the ... | 2001 | 11390970 |
| [dynamic of immune response in primary cytomegalovirus infection and after reactivation of cytomegalovirus in patients with organ allotransplantation]. | a total of 44 serum specimens from 7 patients with kidneys or liver transplanted from donors who had antibodies (ab) to human cytomegalovirus (cmv) were studied. in 4 recipients anti-cmv ab were found before transplantation and in 3 others they were not detected. it was shown by eia that igm and igg anti-cmv appeared in the sera of primarily infected patients after 1-2 weeks and their titers were 5-10 times lower than in patients with reactivated cmv infection. immunoblotting of ab to individual ... | 2001 | 11392966 |