| acyclovir treatment prevents varicella-zoster virus replication in pbmc during viremia. | the most effective antiviral therapy of varicella and zoster has become acyclovir. using polymerase chain reaction specific for vzv orf 14, orf 29, orf 63 as well as nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (orf 63, orf 68) we tested pbmc of patients with vzv-associated diseases for the presence of viral dna and rna, respectively. in pbmc of patients treated with acyclovir neither dna nor rna was detectable already one day after the onset of therapy. in three blood sample pairs from zoster pati ... | 1999 | 10555200 |
| zoster incidence in human immunodeficiency virus-infected hemophiliacs and homosexual men, 1984-1997. district of columbia gay cohort study. multicenter hemophilia cohort study. | zoster is an important clinical problem for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv)-infected patients. risk factors for zoster and trends in incidence in hiv-infected hemophiliacs and homosexual men (n=1218) were examined. from 1984 to 1997, 174 zoster cases were identified (average yearly incidence, 2.5%). prior zoster episodes were associated with increased risk for a subsequent episode (relative risk [rr], 4.30; 95% confidence interval [ci], 3.11-5.95). among hemophiliacs, children and adol ... | 1999 | 10558932 |
| chronic verrucous varicella zoster virus skin lesions: clinical, histological, molecular and therapeutic aspects. | the outbreak of hiv infection introduced a new phenomenon in varicella zoster virus (vzv) pathology, namely the long-standing wart-like skin lesions that are frequently associated with resistance to thymidine kinase (tk)-dependent antiviral agents. this paper reviews the clinical, histological, and molecular aspects and the therapeutic management of these verrucous lesions. the majority of lesions are characterized by chronically evolving, unique or multiple wart-like cutaneous lesions. the main ... | 1999 | 10564318 |
| detection of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus by the polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) are human pathogens of significance involved in multiple diseases with either typical or atypical clinical features. in neonates and immunocompromised patients these alphaherpesviruses may cause life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis. detection of vzv by virus culture is difficult. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is quicker and more sensitive and applicable in most clinical microbiological laboratories. using degenerate primers, ... | 1999 | 10598093 |
| viremic stages of different varicella-zoster virus-associated diseases. | | 1999 | 10599523 |
| experience with live-attenuated varicella-zoster vaccines. | | 1999 | 10599530 |
| identification and characterization of the simian varicella virus uracil dna glycosylase. | simian varicella virus (svv) infection of non-human primates is used as a model to study the pathogenesis and latency of varicella-zoster virus (vzv), the etiological agent of chickenpox and shingles. uracil dna glycosylase (udg) is a dna repair enzyme responsible for excision of uracil residues misincorporated into dna. udg is conserved throughout the herpesvirus family and may play an important role in viral pathogenesis. this study identified a 300 amino acid svv udg that shares 53.9% amino a ... | 1999 | 10603170 |
| evaluation of light diagnostics simulfluor hsv/vzv immunofluorescence assay. | in this study, we evaluated the light diagnostics simulfluor hsv/vzv immunofluorescence (sim) assay. a total of 167 specimens yielded 21 vzv and 55 hsv true positive test results. the sensitivity/specificity of the sim assay for vzv and hsv were, respectively, 100/98 and 62/99. these results were comparable to the results for the predicate devices used in this study. the sim assay offers the potential for the simultaneous, direct detection of hsv and vzv from a single slide well. | 1999 | 10626130 |
| varicella-zoster virus proteins in skin lesions: implications for a novel role of orf29p in chickenpox. | skin biopsy samples from varicella-zoster virus (vzv)-infected patients examined by immunohistochemistry demonstrated vzv replication in nonepithelial cell types. orf29p, a nonstructural nuclear protein, was found in nerves of two of six patients with chickenpox. in tissue culture, orf29p was secreted by vzv-infected fibroblasts. extracellular orf29p can be taken up through endocytosis by human neurons, implying a novel role for this protein in pathogenesis. | 2000 | 10644373 |
| immunisation against varicella in end stage and pre-end stage renal failure. trans-pennine paediatric nephrology study group. | to investigate the seroconversion rate and duration of persistence of protective antibody titres after varicella immunisation in children with renal failure. | 2000 | 10648369 |
| human herpesviruses and neurological disorders of childhood. | the human herpesviruses, a group of dna viruses that includes herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, and human herpes viruses types 6, 7, and 8, cause substantial neurological morbidity among infants and children. this review describes the biology of these viruses and summarizes the clinical manifestations and therapy of the diseases that result from childhood infection with these important pathogens. | 1999 | 10649836 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of novel anti-vzv 5-substituted uracil nucleosides with a cyclopropane sugar moiety. | a series of 5-substituted uracil nucleoside derivatives with a 1(1's, 2'r)-[1',2'-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]methyl group as an acyclosugar moiety were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-herpetic activities. among the compounds synthesized, (e)-5-halovinyluracil derivatives showed superior anti-varicella zoster virus (vzv) activity over acyclovir (acv) but were less potent than acv against herpes symplex virus type-1 (hsv-1). ic(50) values for the vzv kawaguchi strain were 0.027 for br, ... | 2000 | 10649983 |
| variable r1 region in varicella zoster virus in fulminant type of acute retinal necrosis syndrome. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) is a causative agent in acute retinal necrosis (arn) syndrome. however, in spite of aggressive antiviral therapy, clinical characteristics among patients have varied. different viral strains were examined to determine their respective role in producing clinical characteristics. the viral strains were also compared with those of previously reported ones. | 2000 | 10655197 |
| delayed facial palsy after middle-ear surgery due to reactivation of varicella-zoster virus. | viral reactivation is thought to be an important cause of post-operative facial palsy of delayed onset. we present an unusual case of ramsay-hunt syndrome that occurred as a consequence of middle-ear surgery by triggering varicella-zoster virus reactivation. as a pathognomonic auricular eruption was not seen, the patient was initially misdiagnosed as iatrogenic facial palsy. clinical features, diagnosis and management are discussed. | 1999 | 10664708 |
| examination of the oral mucosa and peripheral blood cells of patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration for human herpesvirus dna. | the purpose of this study was to exam the oral mucosa and peripheral blood cells of patients with recurrent aph-thous ulceration (rau) for the presence of the following human herpesviruses: herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, epstein-barr virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus-6, and human herpesvirus-7. | 2000 | 10673655 |
| serological diagnosis of varicella-zoster virus in sera with antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of igm. | evaluation was made of three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) formats; varicella-zoster virus (vzv) indirect elisa; vzv igm capture using biotin and vzv igm capture using peroxidase, for the detection of vzv-specific igm antibodies in human sera. it was observed that there was no significant difference in sensitivity of detection using the three formats but there were important practical differences in the number of steps and hence time for assay completion between the three assay forma ... | 2000 | 10680966 |
| hsv-1--induced acute retinal necrosis syndrome presenting with severe inflammatory orbitopathy, proptosis, and optic nerve involvement. | to present a unique case in which orbital inflammation, proptosis, and optic neuritis were the initial symptoms of acute retinal necrosis (arn). the clinical presentation of arn, as well as the currently recommended diagnostic procedures and guidelines for medical treatment of arn, are summarized. | 2000 | 10690844 |
| humoral immunoresponse to varicella-zoster virus pernasally coadministered with escherichia coli enterotoxin in mice. | it is evaluated whether escherichia coli enterotoxin is useful for induction of immunity to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) as a mucosal adjuvant in mice. when a commercially available live varicella vaccine (oka strain) and toxin were administered simultaneously via a nasal route three times at 2 or 6 month intervals, an antibody neutralizing vzv was detected in half or all of the mice vaccinated, respectively. the antibody specific to the vaccine strain of vzv reacted to five proteins, molecular ... | 2000 | 10706968 |
| varicella zoster virus infections following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: frequency, risk factors, and clinical outcome. | reactivation of varicella zoster virus (vzv) is a common event in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (bmt) and may lead to life-threatening complications. we retrospectively analyzed the incidence, clinical outcome, and risk factors for vzv infections occurring within the first 5 years of transplantation in 100 consecutive adults undergoing allogeneic bmt between 1992 and 1997. forty-one patients (41%) developed vzv reactivation a median of 227 days (range 45-346 days) po ... | 2000 | 10707998 |
| is vzv reactivation a common cause of unexplained unilateral pain? results of a prospective study of 57 patients. | pain is a common reason for patients to present to a doctor. many patients with zoster have seen their doctor with pain during the days before the rash and zoster sine herpete is well described. if early varicella zoster virus (vzv) reactivation could be identified confidently, it could provide an opportunity for early antiviral intervention. this prospective study was performed to assess how often patients presenting to their general practitioner with unilateral pain of no obvious clinical caus ... | 1999 | 10714797 |
| nucleotide sequences that distinguish oka vaccine from parental oka and other varicella-zoster virus isolates. | the sequences of approximately 34 kb from the 3' end of the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) oka vaccine strain and the previously sequenced dumas strain were compared. sequence differences were noted in the coding sequences of several vzv open reading frames (orfs), including orfs 48, 51, 52, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 64, and 68. tests based on differences in the orf62 gene and in the orf64 poly-a region successfully distinguished the oka vaccine strain from its wild-type parent and from other japane ... | 2000 | 10720545 |
| varicella-zoster vaccine: the bad news may be good. | | 2000 | 10742140 |
| cross-reactive antibodies against gm2 and cmv-infected fibroblasts in guillain-barré syndrome. | to investigate whether anti-gm2 antibodies in patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) are induced by molecular mimicry with cytomegalovirus (cmv). | 2000 | 10751257 |
| varicella vaccine. | varicella vaccine is safe, effective, and cost-effective in healthy children, adolescents, and adults. breakthrough cases of mvls are significantly milder than wild-type varicella infection. no severe adverse events have been reported following vaccination, and the incidence of herpes zoster is less in vaccinees than in individuals who have had natural varicella infections. to date, there is no evidence waning immunity following vaccination. "new and improved" varicella vaccines that may be more ... | 2000 | 10761509 |
| comparative in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activity of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) and its arabinosyl derivative, (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyluracil (bvarau), against tumor cells expressing either the varicella zoster or the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase. | the inhibitory effects of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) and its arabinosyl derivative (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyluracil (bvarau) on the growth of both mda-mb-435 human breast carcinoma and 9l rat gliosarcoma cells expressing the thymidine kinase (tk)-encoding gene of the varicella zoster virus (vzv) or the herpes simplex virus (hsv) were evaluated. in vitro, bvdu and bvarau effectively killed both cell types expressing vzvtk, with 50% inhibitory concentration val ... | 2000 | 10770629 |
| synthesis of (z)- and (e)-9-[(2-hydroxyethylidene)cyclopropyl]adenine--new methylenecyclopropane analogues of adenosine and their substrate activity for adenosine deaminase. | synthesis of z- and e-methylenecyclopropane analogues of adenosine 3 and 4 by alkylation of adenine with novel alkylating agent 5 is described. the e-isomer 4 is a substrate for adenosine deaminase. compounds 3 and 4 were tested for antiviral activity against hcmv, hsv-1, hsv-2, ebv, vzv, hbv and hiv-1. | 2000 | 10772701 |
| [the relationship between gene function and virulence in alpha-herpesviruses]. | virulent alpha-herpesvirus genes, though not essential for virus replication in cell culture, play important roles in virus replication in vivo. in this paper, i classify the virulent genes and discuss the relationship between gene function and virulence. the products of the virulent genes of herpes simplex virus, described in this paper, are enzymes (thymidine kinase, ribonucleotide reductase, deoxyuridine triphosphatase, dna polymerase, and two protein kinases), glycoproteins (gc, ge), immedia ... | 2000 | 10774198 |
| [molecular epidemiology of human alpha-herpesvirus infection]. | herpes simplex virus type 1, 2 (hsv-1, 2) and varicella-zoster virus(vzv) are significant pathogens in humans. these three viruses belong to the alpha-herpesvirus subfamily. the molecular epidemiological analyses of the viruses are based on the heterogeneity of each viral genome found in isolates. hsv-1, 2 strains are classified into genotypes as intratypic variations by gains or losses of cleavage sites using restriction endonucleases recognizing 6-base pairs. on the other hand, vzv strains can ... | 2000 | 10774203 |
| impact of virus infection on adults. | | 2000 | 10774272 |
| detection of varicella zoster virus dna by polymerase chain reaction in clinical samples from patients with hunt's syndrome. | | 1994 | 10774415 |
| antiviral therapy: current options and challenges. | this article reviews current options and concepts for drug treatment of viral infections with the exception of human immunodeficiency virus infection. advances in antiviral drug development and in rapid diagnostic methods have resulted in efficient management strategies, particularly for infections due to herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, influenza a and b viruses, and chronic hepatitis b and c. newer antiviral agents, such as valaciclovir and famciclovir, have a hig ... | 2000 | 10780051 |
| etiology of microglial nodules in brains of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | microglial nodules associated with opportunistic and hiv-related lesions are frequently found in the brains of aids patients. however, in many cases, the causative agent is only presumptively suspected. we reviewed 199 brains of aids patients with micronodular lesions to clarify their etiology by immunohistochemistry (to toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus i/ii, varicella zoster virus and hiv-p24 core protein), pcr (for herpetic viruses and mycobacterium tuberculosis) and el ... | 2000 | 10786996 |
| management of herpes zoster (shingles) and postherpetic neuralgia. | herpes zoster (commonly referred to as "shingles") and postherpetic neuralgia result from reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus acquired during the primary varicella infection, or chickenpox. whereas varicella is generally a disease of childhood, herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia become more common with increasing age. factors that decrease immune function, such as human immunodeficiency virus infection, chemotherapy, malignancies and chronic corticosteroid use, may also increase th ... | 2000 | 10794584 |
| spiropentane mimics of nucleosides: analogues of 2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine. synthesis of all stereoisomers, isomeric assignment, and biological activity. | synthesis of spirocyclic analogues of 2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine (12a-15a and 12b-15b) is described. rhodium-catalyzed reaction of ethyl diazoacetate with methylenecyclopropane 19, obtained from 2-bromo-2-bromomethylcyclopropane 17 via debromination (16), reduction (18), and acetylation (19), gave a mixture of all four isomeric spiropentanes 20a-20d. hydrolysis afforded hydroxy carboxylic acids 21a-21d. acetylation of separated proximal + medial-syn isomers 21a + 21b and medial anti ... | 2000 | 10814087 |
| in vitro activities of methylenecyclopropane analogues of nucleosides and their phosphoralaninate prodrugs against cytomegalovirus and other herpesvirus infections. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection does not generally cause problems in the immunocompetent adult but can result in severe clinical disease in the fetus, neonate, and immunocompromised host. ganciclovir (gcv), the agent currently used to treat most hcmv infections, has resulted in much therapeutic success; however, efficacy remains suboptimal. therefore, there is still a need to develop new compounds for use against hcmv infections. in the present study, several z- and e-series methylenecycl ... | 2000 | 10817700 |
| varicella vaccine in renal failure. | | 2000 | 10859036 |
| immunomodulatory therapy in the management of viral infections in patients with hiv infection. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) causes disease by infecting lymphocytes and progressively destroying critical regulatory and effector cells of the immune system, leaving patients vulnerable to a number of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. facial herpes (herpes simplex virus-1 [hsv-1]), genital herpes (hsv-2), herpes zoster (varicella zoster virus), oral hairy leukoplakia (epstein-barr virus), kaposi's sarcoma (hhv-8), molluscum contagiosum, condyloma acuminata (human papillomavirus [hp ... | 2000 | 10861104 |
| detection of human herpesvirus 6 and varicella-zoster virus in tear fluid of patients with bell's palsy by pcr. | human herpesvirus 6 dna was detected by pcr in the tear fluid of 7 (35%) of 20 patients with bell's palsy and of 1 (5%) of 20 healthy controls. varicella-zoster virus was detected by pcr in the tear fluid of 2 of 20 bell's palsy patients but in none of the tear fluids from 20 healthy controls. these findings suggest an association between human herpesviruses and bell's palsy. | 2000 | 10878079 |
| transfusion-associated infections with cytomegalovirus and other human herpesviruses. | of all human herpesviruses, human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is the most significant cause of transfusion-associated (ta) morbidity and mortality. the problem of ta hcmv infection differs from that of other transfusion-transmitted infections in that only certain groups of patients require hcmv-free blood or blood components, i.e. seronegative pregnant women, premature infants of low birth weight who are born to seronegative mothers, seronegative recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants from ... | 2000 | 10878482 |
| fatal varicella-zoster virus antigen-positive giant cell arteritis of the central nervous system. | | 2000 | 10917225 |
| inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, abdominal pain and disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection: an unusual triad in a patient 6 months post mini-allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplant for chronic myeloid leukemia. | severe abdominal pain followed by inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (siadh) preceding by several days the skin manifestation of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection in an immunocompromised patient is described. this is a rare presentation of a severe infection described previously only once in a chronic myeloid leukemia (cml) patient 5 months post allo-bmt during immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporin a. this is the first case described in the setting of non-myeloablative prep ... | 2000 | 10918438 |
| varicella zoster viral disease. | herpes zoster is cause of considerable morbidity, especially among elderly patients, with a suggestion of a slight increase in incidence among female patients. substantial research on the biology of the varicella zoster virus has led to advances in our knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease along with more successful therapy for the acute episodes of herpes zoster. ophthalmic zoster is more common than zoster in other cranial nerves and is associated with pronounced suffering. this arti ... | 1999 | 10918864 |
| improved identification and differentiation of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) wild-type strains and an attenuated varicella vaccine strain using a vzv open reading frame 62-based pcr. | a new method was developed to identify and differentiate varicella-zoster virus (vzv) wild-type strains from the attenuated varicella oka vaccine strain. the pcr technique was used to amplify a vzv open reading frame (orf) 62 region. a single specific amplicon of 268 bp was obtained from 71 vzv clinical isolates and several laboratory strains. subsequent digestion of the vzv orf 62 amplicons with smai enabled accurate strain differentiation (three smai sites were present in amplicons of vaccine ... | 2000 | 10970349 |
| novel class of thiourea compounds that inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 dna cleavage and encapsidation: resistance maps to the ul6 gene. | in our search for novel inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), a new class of thiourea inhibitors was discovered. n-(4-[3-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-thioureido]-phenyl)-acetamide and its 2-fluoro-benzamide derivative inhibited hsv-1 replication. hsv-2, human cytomegalovirus, and varicella-zoster virus were inhibited to a lesser extent. the compounds acted late in the replication cycle by impairing both the cleavage of concatameric viral dna into progeny genome length and the pack ... | 2000 | 10982350 |
| a single tube pcr assay for simultaneous amplification of hsv-1/-2, vzv, cmv, hhv-6a/-6b, and ebv dnas in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with virus-related neurological diseases. | cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens from 27 patients with encephalitis, meningitis, and other neurological diseases were studied for the presence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1/-2), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), human herpesviruses 6a and 6b (hhv-6a/-6b) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) dna using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method. the dnas were amplified using two sets of consensus primer pairs in a single tube, bringing simultaneous amplification of the ... | 2000 | 11031694 |
| orofacial viral infections in the immunocompromised host. | orofacial viral infections are common in immunocompromised patients. herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections are the most common. varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infections are less common, but usually more severe. epstein-barr virus (ebv) may produce ulcers, lymphoproliferative syndromes or oral hairy leukoplakia (hl). human herpes virus 6 (hhv 6) may be the etiology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, while human herpes virus 7 (hhv 7) has an unclear role. human herpes virus 8 (hhv 8) is the etiologi ... | 2000 | 11032950 |
| occult thyroid pathology in a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. case report and review of the drug-related pathology in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a 11-year-old boy with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aas), varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection and long-term antiviral treatment suffered from a disorder of contractility of the left ventricle of the heart. following severe unmanageable vomiting, the patient died and the postmortem examination showed marked involution of the lymphatic system, multiple foci of fibrosis of both ventricles of the heart, and regressive changes of the thyroid gland. biochemical values of the thyroid gland fu ... | 2000 | 11033465 |
| varicella zoster virus induced haemolytic crisis in a child with congenital spherocytosis. | | 2000 | 11039138 |
| metabolism and mode of inhibition of varicella-zoster virus by l-beta-5-bromovinyl-(2-hydroxymethyl)-(1,3-dioxolanyl)uracil is dependent on viral thymidine kinase. | a nonnaturally occurring l-configuration nucleoside analog, l-beta-5-bromovinyl-(2-hydroxymethyl)-1,3-(dioxolanyl)uracil (l-bvoddu) selectively inhibited varicella-zoster virus growth in human embryonic lung (hel) 299 cell culture with an ec(50) of 0.055 microm, whereas no inhibition of cem and hel 299 cell growth or mitochondrial dna synthesis was observed at concentrations up to 200 microm. l-bvoddu was phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase but not by human cytosolic thymidine kinase, and t ... | 2000 | 11040060 |
| varicella zoster meningoencephalitis following treatment for dermatomal zoster in an allobmt patient. | herpes zoster infections are frequently observed after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allobmt). in the majority of cases, the infection is restricted to specific dermatomes and responds to oral acyclovir, without visceral dissemination. we report the case of a 40-year-old male who developed dermatomal herpetic infection 8 months post allobmt. the herpetic rash responded well to treatment with high-dose oral acyclovir. however, within a week of cessation of therapy, the patient re-presen ... | 2000 | 11042663 |
| high seroprevalence of antibodies to varicella zoster virus in adult women in a tropical climate. | to determine whether the seroprevalence of antibodies to varicella zoster virus (vzv) in adults is similar to that reported in tropical populations elsewhere. | 2000 | 11044268 |
| transcriptional pattern of varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins e and i. | glycoproteins i (gi) and e (ge) of the varicella-zoster virus are encoded by the neighbouring open reading frames 67 and 68. from earlier work it is known that both genes are transcribed into several transcript species which differ in size. from gi, three transcripts of 1.65, 2.7 and 3.6 kb and from ge, two transcripts of 2.15 and 3.6 kb in size are known. we present further northern analysis and show that these various transcript species appear in different amounts at different times after infe ... | 2000 | 11044812 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus type 1, 2 and varicella zoster virus dna in recipient corneal buttons. | to study the value of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis, to detect viral dna in recipient corneal buttons taken at the time of penetrating keratoplasty (pkp) in patients with an initial diagnosis of herpetic stromal keratitis (hsk). since hsk has a tendency to recur, an accurate diagnosis of previous hsk could be the reason to start antiviral treatment immediately, thereby possibly decreasing the number of graft failures due to recurrent herpetic keratitis. | 2000 | 11049947 |
| sight-threatening varicella zoster virus infection after fludarabine treatment. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) infection involving the posterior segment of the eye after fludarabine treatment has not previously been described. two patients, who had completed fludarabine treatment 3 and 18 months previously, presented with visual loss that had been preceded by a recent history of cutaneous zoster. the use of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for vzv dna from ocular specimens allowed rapid confirmation of clinical diagnosis and treatment with a good outcome in one patient. wi ... | 2000 | 11054072 |
| primary graft failure : a clinicopathologic and molecular analysis. | primary graft failure (pgf) corneal tissues were analyzed for herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv). | 2000 | 11054337 |
| [fetal varicella effects]. | | 2000 | 11057161 |
| glycoprotein e of varicella-zoster virus enhances cell-cell contact in polarized epithelial cells. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection involves the cell-cell spread of virions, but how viral proteins interact with the host cell membranes that comprise intercellular junctions is not known. madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells were constructed to express the glycoproteins ge, gi, or ge/gi constitutively and were used to examine the effects of these vzv glycoproteins in polarized epithelial cells. at low cell density, vzv ge induced partial tight junction (tj) formation under low-calcium co ... | 2000 | 11070038 |
| transmitting varicella to a gravida. | | 2000 | 11077643 |
| oral acyclovir in varicella zoster virus infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | | 2000 | 11086306 |
| infections associated with health-care personnel: vaccine-preventable diseases and bloodborne pathogens. | health-care personnel (hcp) are at risk for infection from occupational exposure, and can transmit infectious pathogens to patients and other personnel. the risk of disease acquisition depends on factors including the virulence of the causative organism, the mode of pathogen transmission, and the immune competency of the exposed individual. this article reviews the management of occupational exposure, infection, and strategies for the prevention of transmission of selected vaccine-prevent- able ... | 2000 | 11095895 |
| novel human topoisomerase i inhibitors, topopyrones a, b, c and d. i. producing strain, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activity. | in the course of a screening program for specific inhibitors of human topoisomerase i using a recombinant yeast, we have discovered four new active compounds. all four compounds were isolated from the culture broth of a fungus, phoma sp. baua2861, and two of them were isolated from the culture broth of a fungus, penicillium sp. baua4206. we designated these compounds as topopyrones a, b, c and d. topopyrones a, b, c and d selectively inhibited recombinant yeast growth dependent on expression of ... | 2000 | 11099218 |
| varicella vaccine revisited. | | 2000 | 11100088 |
| varicella vaccine revisited. | | 2000 | 11100089 |
| inflammatory pseudotumour of the pancreas in a child. | we describe a 4-year-old girl with an inflammatory pseudotumour of the pancreas, which was preceded by varicella-zoster infection. inflammatory pseudotumour may involve a variety of tissues, the lungs and liver being typical sites of predilection. imaging and laboratory tests are nonspecific, and for this reason the diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumour is rarely made prior to surgery. these benign but locally aggressive masses simulate malignancy in the majority of cases. inflammatory pseudotu ... | 2000 | 11100500 |
| rapid genotyping of varicella-zoster virus vaccine and wild-type strains with fluorophore-labeled hybridization probes. | we developed a single-tube rapid method for the detection and differentiation of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) vaccine and wild-type strains that combines rapid-cycle pcr with wild-type-specific fluorescent probe melting profiles for product genotyping. a region including the polymorphic site in vzv open reading frame (orf) 62 was amplified in the presence of two fluorescence-labeled hybridization probes. during the annealing step of the thermal cycling, both probes bound to their complementary s ... | 2000 | 11101557 |
| [immunogenic activity of temperature sensitive mutation of herpes simplex virus type-1 in mono- and polyvalent conditions with different attenuated strains of virus. ii. analysis of humoral immunologic response induced by mutants of temperature sensitive herpes simplex type-1 virus in polyvalent systems]. | the ability of mutant ts hsv-1 on 45 passage to induction of igg antibody response in the presence of other attenuated viral strain, like measles, mumps, rubella was evaluated, and the effect of mutant ts hsv-1 on humoral immunity induced by attenuated measles and mumps strains was also tested. the obtained results clearly indicated that even immunization with other rna virus strains had no effect on igg antibody response to mutant ts hsv-1. significant differences were observed in igg antibody ... | 2000 | 11107783 |
| varicella-zoster virus. | | 2000 | 11111670 |
| essential role played by the c-terminal domain of glycoprotein i in envelopment of varicella-zoster virus in the trans-golgi network: interactions of glycoproteins with tegument. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is enveloped in the trans-golgi network (tgn). here we report that glycoprotein i (gi) is required within the tgn for vzv envelopment. enveloping membranous tgn cisternae were microscopically identified in cells infected with intact vzv. these sacs curved around, and ultimately enclosed, nucleocapsids. tegument coated the concave face of these sacs, which formed the viral envelope, but the convex surface was tegument-free. tgn cisternae of cells infected with vzv mut ... | 2001 | 11119602 |
| rapid contamination of the environments with varicella-zoster virus dna from a patient with herpes zoster. | patients with zoster are considered to be less contagious than varicella patients because their infection is localised. it is not known, however, when and for how long a spread of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) from a zoster patient begins and continues and the extent of virus spread from the patient. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect vzv dna in samples obtained from the hands and throat of a patient with zoster and from her room environments including surfaces of the back of ... | 2001 | 11130889 |
| herpes simplex virus ge/gi sorts nascent virions to epithelial cell junctions, promoting virus spread. | alphaherpesviruses spread rapidly through dermal tissues and within synaptically connected neuronal circuitry. spread of virus particles in epithelial tissues involves movement across cell junctions. herpes simplex virus (hsv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), and pseudorabies virus (prv) all utilize a complex of two glycoproteins, ge and gi, to move from cell to cell. hsv ge/gi appears to function primarily, if not exclusively, in polarized cells such as epithelial cells and neurons and not in non ... | 2001 | 11134295 |
| highly potent and selective inhibition of varicella-zoster virus by bicyclic furopyrimidine nucleosides bearing an aryl side chain. | in addition to our recent report on the potent anti-varicella-zoster virus (vzv) activity of some unusual bicyclic furopyrimidine nucleosides bearing long alkyl side chains, we herein report the further significant enhancement of the antiviral potency by inclusion of a phenyl group in the side chain of these compounds. the target structures were prepared by the pd-catalyzed coupling of a series of para-substituted arylacetylenes with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, to give intermediate 5-alkynyl nucleos ... | 2000 | 11150169 |
| guillain-barré syndrome after reactivation of varicella-zoster virus. | | 2001 | 11187118 |
| eczema herpeticum in parthenium dermatitis. | | 2001 | 11205385 |
| synthesis and anti-varicella-zoster virus activity of some novel bicyclic nucleoside inhibitors: effect of enhanced aqueous solubility. | we have recently reported the discovery of an entirely new category of potent antivaricella-zoster virus agents based on novel deoxynucleoside analogues bearing unusual fluorescent bicyclic furo base moieties. initial studies revealed an absolute requirement of a long alkyl side-chain, with an optimal length of c8-c10, for antiviral activity. however, the impact of this requirement on the physical properties of these compounds is high: inherent lipophilicity and extremely poor aqueous solubility ... | 2000 | 11227996 |
| the effect of attenuated varicella-zoster virus on replication of hbv. | to observe the effect of attenuated varicella-zoster virus (vzv) on replication of hbv in vitro and vivo. | 2001 | 11242131 |
| varicella zoster virus infection associated with erythema multiforme in children. | erythema multiforme (em) is a vesiculobullous disorder with variable manifestations which predominantly affects the skin. it is regarded as a hypersensitivity disorder which is triggered by multiple factors such as infection, drugs and food. varicella zoster virus (vzv) has rarely been reported as an etiological agent, despite its high incidence as a pathogen in childhood. | 2001 | 11261757 |
| the effectiveness of the varicella vaccine in clinical practice. | a live attenuated varicella vaccine was approved for use in the united states in march 1995 and is recommended for all susceptible persons 12 months of age or older. | 2001 | 11274621 |
| herpesvirus infection of seborrheic keratoses. | we present three examples of patients with seborrheic keratoses complicated by necrotizing herpesvirus infection. two patients had localized cutaneous herpetic infections, and the third patient had a generalized cutaneous herpesvirus infection. two of the lesions were thought to be squamous cell carcinoma. the third was clinically identified as inflamed seborrheic keratosis. herpesvirus infection was not clinically suspected in two of the patients. the histologic changes were similar in all case ... | 2001 | 11285412 |
| optic chiasm, optic nerve, and retinal involvement secondary to varicella-zoster virus. | immunocompromised patients are known to be at risk for varicella-zoster virus reactivation, often in atypical manners. we describe a 30-year-old man with simultaneous involvement of the retina, optic chiasm, and optic nerve with varicella-zoster virus who had a bitemporal visual field defect. | 2001 | 11296030 |
| internal ophthalmoplegia as a presenting sign of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. | | 2001 | 11306868 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 as a cause of acute retinal necrosis syndrome in young patients. | to determine the causative virus in acute retinal necrosis (arn) syndrome in a series of patients by calculation of modified witmer coefficients. | 2001 | 11320015 |
| congenital varicella-zoster virus infection after maternal subclinical infection: clinical and neuropathological findings. | it is known that varicella-zoster virus (vzv) can cause asymptomatic infections, but it has not been described that congenital infection can be caused by maternal subclinical infection. the purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical and neuropathologic findings of infants with neonatal seizures and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) vzv antibodies, but no maternal clinical vzv infection during the pregnancy. | 2001 | 11324362 |
| prevalence of serological markers against measles, rubella, varicella, hepatitis b, hepatitis c, and human immunodeficiency virus among medical residents in mexico. | vaccination programs among health care workers are based on seroprevalence studies, which seldom include medical residents or students. the objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against measles, rubella, varicella, hepatitis b (hbv), hepatitis c (hcv), and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among medical residents. | 2001 | 11330992 |
| [acute symptomatic lymphocytic meningitis due to varicella-zoster virus]. | | 2001 | 11333594 |
| investigation of varicella-zoster virus variation by heteroduplex mobility assay. | heteroduplex mobility assays of 37 regions were performed on ten uk isolates of varicella zoster virus, four from cases of zoster, and six from cases of chickenpox. the variation between isolates was found to be 0.061%, which is at least five times lower than any other member of the human herpesvirus family. fifteen of the 37 regions tested had 29 single nucleotide polymorphisms, and over half the polymorphisms were located in four gene fragments. of the 29 snps, eleven were non-synonymous and t ... | 2001 | 11339546 |
| biologic and geographic differences between vaccine and clinical varicella-zoster virus isolates. | vaccine and wild-type strains of varicella-zoster virus differ both in their biologic characteristics and in the clinical manifestations of infection caused by each strain. the biologic differences described for the vaccine strain (temperature sensitivity and host cell preference) probably reflect the methods used to adapt the wild-type strain to the in vitro growth conditions imposed during the attenuation process in cell culture. in addition, restriction fragment polymorphisms have been descri ... | 2001 | 11339549 |
| comparison of dna sequence and transactivation activity of open reading frame 62 of oka varicella vaccine and its parental viruses. | when nucleotide sequences of oka vaccine and its parental viruses of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) were compared in 5 open reading frames (orfs) including glycoprotein c (gc) and 4 immediate-early genes, mutations were detected only in gene 62 which is one of the immediate-early genes. compared with its parental virus, the vaccine virus contained 15 nucleotide substitutions. with the differentiation method using the simplified restriction-enzyme fragment length polymorphism analysis by nae i and ... | 2001 | 11339550 |
| evidence for frequent reactivation of the oka varicella vaccine strain in healthy vaccinees. | serum antibody levels and infection rates were followed for 4 years in 4,631 children immunized with the recently licensed oka strain varicella vaccine. anti-vzv titers declined over time in high-responder subjects, but rose in vaccinees with low titers. among subjects with low anti-vzv titers, the frequency of clinical sequelae and immunological boosting significantly exceeded the 13%/yr rate of exposure to wild type varicella. these findings indicate that the oka strain of vzv persisted in viv ... | 2001 | 11339552 |
| mutagenesis of the varicella-zoster virus genome: lessons learned. | the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) genome encodes at least 70 genes. we have developed a cosmid based system to inactivate individual viral genes or to insert foreign genes into the genome. we have shown that many vzv genes are not required for replication of the virus in cell culture. several of these genes, including vzv orf61, orf47, and orf10, have unexpected phenotypes in cell culture and differ from their homologs in the better studied herpes simplex virus (hsv). we have also used the oka st ... | 2001 | 11339555 |
| immune evasion mechanisms of varicella-zoster virus. | varicella-zoster virus can to modulate the expression of class i and class ii major histocompatibility (mhc) molecules. mhc class i expression is downregulated in vzv-infected t cells as well as in fibroblasts. vzv-infected cells do not respond to exposure to interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) by upregulation of mhc class ii expression. however, mhc class ii expression is induced when cells are treated with ifn-gamma before vzv infection. these effects on mhc class i and class ii expression can be exp ... | 2001 | 11339556 |
| investigation of varicella-zoster virus dna in lymphocyte subpopulations by quantitative pcr assay. | to investigate the nature of viremia during the acute phase of varicella, we studied the viral load in nine otherwise healthy children with varicella. plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were obtained, then pbmc were divided into cd4+t, cd8+t, and b lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophage fractions. the viral dna in each component was quantified using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. varicella-zoster virus (vzv) dna was detected in plasma, pbmc and all subpo ... | 2001 | 11345538 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of purine-containing butenolides. | 6-chloropurine derivatives of gamma-(z)-ethylidene-2,3-dimethoxybutenolide 3a, gamma-(z)-ethylidene-2-methoxy-3-(4-nitro)benzyloxybutenolide 3b, gamma-(z)-ethylidene-2-(4-nitro)benzyloxy-3-methoxybutenolide 3c, gamma-(z)-ethylidene-2,3-di(4-nitro)benzyloxybutenolide 3d, and dimethylphosphono-gamma-(z)-ethylidene-2,3-dimethoxybutenolide 11 as well as the adenine derivative of gamma-(z)-ethylidene-2,3-dimethoxybutenolide 6 were synthesized. the key steps in the high-yield synthesis of 6 involved h ... | 2001 | 11356110 |
| hiv/aids case histories: diagnostic problems. varicella-zoster encephalitis. | | 1998 | 11361888 |
| herpesvirus infections. | some of the more common herpesviruses, human herpesvirus types 1, 2, and 6; varicella zoster virus; epstein-barr virus; and cytomegalovirus, are discussed. discussions include the incidence, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, histopathology, and differential diagnosis of these herpesviruses. treatment options are also reviewed. | 1995 | 11362484 |
| varicella-zoster virus infections of the nervous system: clinical and pathologic correlates. | diseases that present with protean manifestations are the diseases most likely to pose diagnostic challenges for both clinicians and pathologists. among the most diverse disorders caused by a single known toxic, metabolic, neoplastic, or infectious agent are the central and peripheral nervous system complications of varicella-zoster virus (vzv). | 2001 | 11371229 |
| induction of human immunodeficiency virus 1 replication by human herpesvirus 8. | human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1)-infected individuals are commonly infected with herpesviruses, including cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8, also known as kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus [kshv]). previous studies have demonstrated that coinfection with herpesviruses can modulate hiv-1 replication. this can occur either through direct interaction between the 2 viruses or through secondary effects resulting from the release of ... | 2001 | 11371231 |
| extensive and long-term ex vivo production of dendritic cells from cd34 positive umbilical cord blood or bone marrow cells by novel culture system using mouse stroma. | we previously developed a system using murine strome (hess-5), which could expand umbilical cord blood (ucb) stem and progenitor cells, especially cd34+/38- cells, in the presence of human recombinant cytokines. in this study, the ability of expanded ucb- or bone marrow (bm)-cd34+ cells to differentiate into dendritic cells (dcs) was examined. dcs could be induced either from short or long term cultured cd34+ cells after switching the cytokines from flk-2/flt-3 ligand, stem cell factor (scf), th ... | 2001 | 11384668 |
| immunity and prevention of herpes zoster. proceedings of an international conference. osaka, japan, march 8-10, 1999. | | 2001 | 11386248 |
| design, synthesis and enzymatic activity of highly selective human mitochondrial thymidine kinase inhibitors. | highly selective arabinofuranosyl nucleosides, which inhibit the mitochondrial thymidine kinase (tk-2) without affecting the closely related herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (hsv-1 tk), varicella-zoster virus thymidine kinase (vzv-tk), cytosolic thymidine kinase (tk-1) or the multifunctional drosophila melanogaster deoxyribonucleoside kinase (dm-dnk), have been obtained. sar studies indicate a close relation between the length of the substituent at the 2' position of the arabinofuran ... | 2001 | 11392548 |
| [analysis of the aqueous humor in keratoplasty patients with keratitis. initial results]. | herpetic keratitis is a common indication for corneal transplantation. in this patient group especially, there is a relatively high risk of graft failure, partly because of viral recurrence. it can be difficult to clinically distinguish stromal herpetic recurrence from early endothelial allograft rejection. also a perioperative observation of viral activity seems advisable because of therapeutic consequences. for these reasons we use aqueous humor analysis in certain corneal transplant patients ... | 2001 | 11402827 |