| seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus-1, hepatitis b virus, and hepatitis c virus in patients having major surgery. | to determine the proportion of major surgical procedures that involve patients having serologic evidence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) in a single center in westchester county, new york. | 1995 | 8601681 |
| immune response to epitopes of hepatitis c virus (hcv) structural proteins in hcv-infected humans and chimpanzees. | hepatitis c virus (hcv)-infected humans and chimpanzees were studied for reactivity with linear epitopes in hcv h strain structural proteins. in 10 hcv-infected patients, epitopes were mostly mapped to the capsid and e1 proteins but not to e2. however, serum from 1 hcv-infected blood donor with a high anti-capsid titer reacted with multiple epitopes including e2. by contrast, antibody to capsid epitopes was seen in sera from hcv-rechallenged chimpanzees but not from chronically infected animals. ... | 1996 | 8603958 |
| relationship between antibody to hepatitis b core antigen and retroviral infections in blood from volunteer donors. | the value of the test for antibody to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc) as a surrogate screening assay in the time before sensitive, virus-specific screening tests were available has been well established. there is significant debate, however about the residual value of anti-hbc screening after the implementation of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-, human t-lymphotrophic virus (htlv)-, and hepatitis c virus (hcv)-specific assays and, in particular, about its utility as a lifestyle marker to ... | 1996 | 8604508 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in pregnancy. | to evaluate the clinical aspects of hepatitis c virus (hcv) liver disease in anti-hcv+ve mothers, both during pregnancy and six months after delivery, and to assess the outcome of pregnancy. | 1996 | 8605128 |
| risk of hepatitis c virus (hcv) transmission by anti-hcv-negative blood components in austria and germany. | in order to estimate the residual risk of transfusion-transmitted hcv infection, we have analyzed data from transfusion centers in austria (vienna) and germany (göttingen) from 1990 to 1995. in vienna, the seroprevalence (riba-confirmed third-generation anti-hcv tests) was 0.28% in first-time donors (ftd) and the incidence of seroconversion in repeat donors (rd) was 0.049 (per 100 person years) from 1994 to 1995. in göttingen, the prevalence of a pcr-confirmed positive third-generation anti-hcv ... | 1996 | 8605278 |
| nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of hepatitis c virus rna in blood derivatives. | testing for the presence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in blood derivatives used in clinical medicine is of enormous importance to ensure the production of safe preparations. so far, no system has been developed for the isolation and detection of hepatitis c virus from blood derivatives. the recently introduced commercial kit for the detection of hepatitis c virus is designed for the isolation and detection of virus from blood serum. a reliable and reproducible method for the isolation of hepatitis ... | 1995 | 8608196 |
| infection with hepatitis gb virus c in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. | a recently discovered non-a-e hepatitis virus has been designated hepatitis gb virus c (hgbv-c), but little is known about its mode of transmission and its clinical manifestations. we studied 519 patients on maintenance hemodialysis to determine whether they were infected with hgbv-c. | 1996 | 8618602 |
| [the discovery of hepatitis g virus]. | some 20% of cases of posttransfusion and sporadic hepatitis non-a, non-b are anti-hcv negative. in 1995 it proved possible in collaboration of genelabs with boehringer co. mannheim to identify a new rna virus which causes acute and chronic hepatitis in humans and tamarins. the genome of the virus contains some 2900 amino acids, and as to its structure, it resembles flaviviruses. it was described as hepatitis g virus (hgv). it differs from the hepatitis c, virus as it has only a 26% homology of a ... | 1996 | 8625384 |
| infectious risk of plasma donations: relationship to safety of intravenous immune globulins. | although intravenous immune globulin (ivig) preparations may be derived from tens of thousands of donations, the residual risk of viral contamination of recovered plasma appears remarkably low, at least for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv). consequently, most pools are unlikely to contain these viruses although the situation is not as well understood for us-derived source plasma. in addition, routine preparation methods are likely to eliminate infectivity from the r ... | 1996 | 8625541 |
| characterization of long-term cultures of hepatitis c virus. | the human t- and b-cell lines hpbma10-2 and daudi produced infectious hepatitis c virus (hcv) for more than 1 year after infection. the infectivity titer of the cell culture-grown hcv and its genome titer were comparable. the virion density in sucrose was around 1.12 g/ml. among the 13 variants detected in the inoculum, 7 were adsorbed by the cells and one particular hcv sequence which was present in minor quantities in the inoculum persisted. | 1996 | 8627819 |
| viral infections in short-term injection drug users: the prevalence of the hepatitis c, hepatitis b, human immunodeficiency, and human t-lymphotropic viruses. | the purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of four blood-borne viral infections among illicit drug injectors with up to 6 years of injecting experience. | 1996 | 8629715 |
| the risk of transfusion-transmitted viral infections. the retrovirus epidemiology donor study. | accurate estimates of the risk of transfusion-transmitted infectious disease are essential for monitoring the safety of the blood supply and evaluating the potential effect of new screening tests. we estimated the risk of transmitting the human immuno-deficiency virus (hiv), the human t-cell lymphotropic virus (htlv), the hepatitis c virus (hcv), and the hepatitis b virus (hbv) from screened blood units donated during the window period following a recent, undetected infection. | 1996 | 8637512 |
| a study on the epidemiology of hepatitis c infection among blood donors in singapore. | hepatitis c viral (hcv) infection has been identified as the main cause of post-transfusion hepatitis (pth) since 1989. despite this, little is known regarding the prevalence and mode of transmission of the disease. the purpose of this study was therefore to study the demographic factors associated with hcv infection among singaporean blood donors. | 1995 | 8639336 |
| [false-positive elisa reactions for the hepatitis c virus and the human immunodeficiency virus after anti-influenzal vaccination]. | possible appearance of elisa false-positive results for hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) after vaccination against influenza was studied on 402 volunteers before, and 30 and 90 days after that. our results prove that influenza vaccine can sometimes induce false-positive elisa for hcv, but not for hiv. their frequency is relatively small--0.96% in 10-20-years-old group and 3.1% in over 60 years age, while in 3-6 years age there were not registered this kind of reacti ... | 1995 | 8640012 |
| viral hepatitis in east asia. | viral hepatitis has a high prevalence in east asia and is an important problem. identification of the individual hepatitis viruses. a-e, has enabled researches to investigate the epidemiology and pathogenesis of viral hepatitis and its sequelae, and possible means of prevention. because of improvement in hygiene in east asia in recent decades, hepatitis a virus infection has decreased markedly. however, this has resulted in the younger population being susceptible to hepatitis a. fortunately, ef ... | 1996 | 8640098 |
| [estimation of risk of virus transmission in hepatitis b and c and human retrovirus via transfusion of labile blood derivatives]. | this study estimates the risk of transmitting human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), human t lymphotropic virus (htlv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) from blood units using a seroconversion incidence model. data from 13 blood transfusion centers collecting about 1 million donations per year and belonging to the retrovirus and the viral hepatitis study groups were analyzed during the 3 year study period (1992-1994) for hiv, htlv, and hbv and a 2 year study period for hcv (1993- ... | 1996 | 8640309 |
| [new hepatitis viruses "e, gb, etc."]. | some cases of hepatitis were non a, non b, non c, non d. hepatitis e virus (calicivirus) transmission is fecal-oral similar to that of the hepatitis a virus. viral hepatitis e is endemic and frequently epidemic in many developing countries, but exceptionally observed in france. a high mortality rate was observed in pregnant women. recently, elisa assays for igm anti-hcv are available. many hepatitis cases (acute and chronic) are not caused by known viruses (non a-non e). four flavivirus like hav ... | 1996 | 8640310 |
| [residual risks of viral transmission by transfusions and projected yields of additional screening tests. retrovirus epidemiology donors study (reds)]. | the residual risk of virus transmission associated with infectious seroconversion, window period donations can be estimated by combining the incidence rate of infection among repeat donors with the duration of the pre-seroconversion window period, thus deriving the rate of window phase donations missed by current screening. the residual risks are for hiv 2.0/10(6); htlv 1.6/10(6); hcv 9.7/10(6); hbv 15.0/10(6). similarly the net yield and incremental reduction in risk of routine implementation o ... | 1996 | 8640316 |
| simultaneous human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis c infection following a needlestick injury. | needlestick injuries to health professionals at the hospital del mar, barcelona since 1987 have been prospectively studied; a total of 296 such accidents in 286 subjects have been registered. we report the first case to our knowledge of simultaneous human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis c (hcv) infection in a nurse who suffered a needlestick injury after a blood sampling. forty-four days after the accident she had symptoms and laboratory findings of acute hepatitis. subsequent laborat ... | 1996 | 8641314 |
| shortened telomere length in hepatocellular carcinomas and corresponding background liver tissues of patients infected with hepatitis virus. | the telomere length in 20 surgically resected human hepatocellular carcinomas (hccs) and adjacent non-cancerous livers with hepatitis virus infection were investigated. all the hcc samples examined demonstrated shorter telomere length than the corresponding non-cancerous liver tissues, the respective average values being 5.4 kbp and 8.8 kbp (p < 0.001). the shortening of telomere length was most prominent in hccs larger than 30 mm in diameter, and in both tumors and non-cancerous livers it was m ... | 1996 | 8641975 |
| [detection of the presence of the hepatitis c viral genome in immunoglobulin preparations using rt-pcr]. | contemporary methods of molecular genetics were used to investigate the presence of hereditary matter, i.e., virus hepatitis c genome in immunoglobulin preparations of the institute for blood transfusion of the republic of serbia. elisa test in immunoglobulin preparations indicated the presence of antibodies to an antigen of hepatitis c virus. after rna isolation and reverse transcription (rt), double reaction of in vitro dna amplification (pcr) was done using two pairs of oligonucleotide. after ... | 1995 | 8644479 |
| identification of a highly conserved sequence element at the 3' terminus of hepatitis c virus genome rna. | previous reports suggest that the hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome rna terminates with homopolymer tracts of either poly(u) or poly(a). by ligation of synthetic oligonucleotides followed by reverse transcription-pcr, cdna cloning, and sequence analysis, we determined the 3'-terminal sequence of hcv genome rna. our results show that the hcv 3' nontranslated region consists of four elements (positive sense, 5' to 3'): (i) a short sequence with significant variability among genotypes, (ii) a homopoly ... | 1996 | 8648666 |
| phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis c virus isolates from hemodialysis patients. | a high prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection has been reported in hemodialysis patients. main risk factors for transmission are previous blood transfusions and possibly nosocomial infections within the dialytic environment. in the present study 224 hemodialysis patients from the same department were tested for the presence of anti-hcv antibodies and hcv-rna. the presence of anti-hcv in hemodialysis patients was correlated with a history of more than 10 blood transfusions (p = 0.001) an ... | 1996 | 8648935 |
| [an unusual form of a pulmonary fat embolism in fulminant viral hepatitis]. | a 28-year-old drug addict who had injected intravenously died of hepatic failure and coma caused by fulminant hepatitis (simultaneously: hepatitis a, persistent hepatitis b, hepatitis c and superinfection by delta hepatitis). liver histology disclosed cirrhosis with severe necrotizing hepatitis and extensive microvesicular steatosis, compatible with a delta virus infection. moderate pulmonary fat embolism (grade i-ii according to falzi) was accompanied by fat deposits in alveolar macrophages. it ... | 1996 | 8650146 |
| effect of human immunodeficiency virus infection on hepatitis c virus infection in hemophiliacs. | chronic liver disease due to hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is a major problem in hemophiliacs. recent reports suggested that hemophiliacs coinfected with hepatitis c virus and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have an increased incidence of liver failure but the mechanism of accelerated liver injury is not clear. we tested plasma from 100 hemophiliacs for anti-hcv by second generation elisa, anti-hiv by eia, and hcv rna and hiv rna by branched dna and polymerase chain reaction assays to det ... | 1996 | 8654162 |
| influence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection on the natural course of chronic parenterally acquired hepatitis c. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible role of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in the natural course of chronic hepatitis c. seventy-six adult patients with chronic parenterally acquired hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection examined from 1989 to 1993 were enrolled; of these 32 (42.1%) were hiv positive and 44 (57.9%) were hiv negative. serum hcv rna quantitation was carried out by polymerase chain reaction in a well-characterized group (n = 20; 11 hiv positive and ... | 1995 | 8654444 |
| efficacy of human leucocyte alpha-interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis c virus infection. | a total of 42 swedish patients with biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection were treated with a natural human leucocyte alpha-interferon (huifn-alpha-le), alfanative (bionative ab, umeå, sweden) in an open uncontrolled study. two patients were withdrawn from treatment within 2 weeks due to non-compliance and were omitted from further analysis, and 40 patients (17 females), mean age 39 years (range 24-71) completed the study. all patients were hcv rna-positive in serum prior to tr ... | 1995 | 8658063 |
| prevalence and determinants of anti-hcv seropositivity and of hcv genotype among intravenous drug users in berlin. | a cross-sectional study was carried out to identify risk factors for seropositivity for antibodies against hepatitis c virus (hcv) and to assess to the distribution and determinants of hcv genotypes among intravenous drug users (ivdus). the study population consisted of 405 ivdus. serum specimens were tested for seromarkers for hcv, for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), for hepatitis b virus (hbv) and for syphilis. hcv rna determination by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and virus typing were ... | 1995 | 8658065 |
| synthetic depsipeptide substrates for the assay of human hepatitis c virus protease. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is the major etiological agent of both parenterally transmitted and sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis. the disease is a major health problem with an estimated 50 million people infected worldwide, a high percentage of whom become chronically infected and are at high risk for liver cirrhosis. the serine protease contained within the n-terminal region of the nonstructural protein 3 (ns3 protease) of hcv is considered a promising target for the development of an antiviral ther ... | 1996 | 8660572 |
| hepatitis c in human immunodeficiency virus-coinfected patients: increased variability in the hypervariable envelope coding domain. | patients coinfected with the hepatitis c virus (hcv) and the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were studied with regard to nucleotide sequence variability in the e2/ns1 first hypervariable region of the hcv genome. the nucleotide variability within individual patients was compared to patients infected only with hcv. the proportion of predicted synonymous and nonsynonymous amino acid changes, and the relationship to putative high-antigenicity sites, were evaluated in the hypervariable envelope d ... | 1996 | 8666318 |
| prevalence of antibiotics to hepatitis c in a population of intravenous drug users in valencia, spain, 1990-1992. | hepatitis c has been related to other viral diseases such as the human immunodeficiency virus infection (hiv) or hepatitis b (hbv). the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and determinants of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv) in intravenous drug users (ivdu) in valencia (spain) and to compare the seroprevalence between the hcv, hiv and hbv in this high risk group. | 1996 | 8666491 |
| hepatitis b virus core particles as epitope carriers. | hbv core (hbc) particle is one of the most intensively studied particulate carriers for the insertion of foreign peptide sequences. recombinant hbc protein expressed from the cloned gene undergoes the correct folding in a large variety of bacterial, yeast, insect and mammalian cells. unique assembly properties and shape of 30/34-nm hbc particles allow substantial insertions into their primary structure without loss of their capsid-forming ability. n- and c-terminal regions, as well as the immuno ... | 1995 | 8666525 |
| patr-a and b, the orthologues of hla-a and b, present hepatitis c virus epitopes to cd8+ cytotoxic t cells from two chronically infected chimpanzees. | common chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) infected with hepatitis c virus (hcv) show a disease progression similar to that observed for human patients. although most infected animals develop a chronic hepatitis, virus persistence is associated with an ongoing immune response, for which the beneficial or detrimental effects are uncertain. lines of virus-specific cytotoxic cd8+ t lymphocytes (ctl) have been previously established from liver biopsies of two common chimpanzees chronically infected with h ... | 1996 | 8666933 |
| determinants of red cell, platelet, plasma, and cryoprecipitate transfusions during coronary artery bypass graft surgery: the collaborative hospital transfusion study. | very little is known about the determinants of blood transfusions in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. | 1996 | 8669084 |
| [seroprevalence of hepatitis c virus among persons visiting the burundi health services]. | the epidemiology of hepatitis c (hcv), especially on the african continent, is not well known. in this study, we investigated the presence of antibodies to hcv in 685 out-patients, seen in several health care centers or hospitals in different regions in burundi from january to february 1991. serological tests of the second generation were used. the global prevalence varied from 3.2% to 14.1% according to the center. urban seroprevalence tended to be higher than rural prevalence. also, with incre ... | 1995 | 8669975 |
| sicca syndrome associated with hepatitis c virus infection. | to determine the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in patients with sicca syndrome, and to determine the clinical, immunologic, and genetic characteristics of sicca syndrome associated with hcv. | 1996 | 8670326 |
| identification of a2-restricted hepatitis c virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte epitopes from conserved regions of the viral genome. | we have focused on conserved regions of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome to identify viral peptides that contain hla class i binding motifs and bind with high affinity to the corresponding purified hla molecules. accordingly, we have identified 31 candidate epitopes in the hcv that have the potential to be recognized by either hla-a1, a2.1-, a3, a11- or a24-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl). twelve conserved peptides that bind hla-a2.1 with high or intermediate affinity were tested for ... | 1996 | 8671652 |
| effect of human leukocyte alpha interferon on cryoglobulinaemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis c virus infection. | | 1996 | 8671825 |
| activation of fetal promoters of insulinlike growth factors ii gene in hepatitis c virus-related chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. | increased prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection has been found in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). the expression of insulinlike growth factor ii (igf-ii) has been linked to hepatocarcinogenesis in the experimental animal and in humans. since reactivation of fetal igf-ii transcripts has been observed in human hcc, we have analyzed the levels of adult p1 and fetal p3 and p4 igf-ii promoter-derived transcripts in the liver of patients with hcv-related chronic active hepatiti ... | 1996 | 8675143 |
| fulminant hepatitis in a tropical population: clinical course, cause, and early predictors of outcome. | the profiles of patients with fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) from developing countries have not been reported earlier. the current study was conducted prospectively, at a single tertiary care center in india, to document the demographic and clinical characteristics, natural course, and causative profile of patients with fhf as well as to define simple prognostic markers in these patients. four hundred twenty-three consecutive patients with fhf admitted from january 1987 to june 1993 were includ ... | 1996 | 8675163 |
| hepatitis c virus core protein cooperates with ras and transforms primary rat embryo fibroblasts to tumorigenic phenotype. | we have previously demonstrated that hepatitis c virus (hcv) core protein regulates cellular protooncogenes at the transcriptional level; this observation implicates core protein in the alteration of normal hepatocyte growth. in the present study, the transforming potential of the hcv core gene was investigated by using primary rat embryo fibroblast (ref) cells which were transfected with or without cooperative oncogenes. integration of the hcv core gene resulted in expression of the viral prote ... | 1996 | 8676467 |
| hepatitis c virus as a causative agent of hepatocellular carcinoma. | hcv infection has shown to be strongly linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in epidemiological studies. however, the mechanism of carcinogenesis by hcv is poorly understood. unlike other human oncogenic viruses, hcv is a typical rna virus, and thus there is no integration of the viral genome or a piece of the genome into host chromosomes. moreover, trans-acting transcriptional factors which are coded by other human oncogenic viruses and required primarily for virus replication a ... | 1995 | 8682611 |
| genomic instability involved in virus-related hepatocarcinogenesis. | in spite of the epidemiological link between the hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), there is currently no data to prove the direct oncogenicity of hcv. in this situation, we must consider not only the viral but also the nonviral factor which may accelerate hepatocarcinogenesis. previously, we showed that a 60-bp subgenomic hbv dna (15ab, nt 1555-1914 of hbv dna) is a hot spot for the genomic recombination, and the cellular protein binding to 15 ... | 1995 | 8682612 |
| three new cytotoxic t cell epitopes identified within the hepatitis c virus nucleoprotein. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) may play a role in host defence against hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection, and hcv-specific ctl epitopes may be included in vaccines to induce protective ctls. we identified three new epitopes within the hcv nucleoprotein recognized by ctls. hcv nucleoprotein residues 28-37 are the minimal epitope recognized by ctls in association with the class i human leukocyte antigen b60, and epitopes in hcv nucleoprotein residues 111-130 and 161-180 are both recognized by ctls ... | 1996 | 8683220 |
| [prevalence of hcv antibodies and vertical transmission of hepatitis c virus]. | hcv infection is one of the most frequent causes of hepatitis in man. there are numerous means of infection, not all of which can be documented. in infancy hcv infection occurs particularly in children that have been multitransfused or are on dialysis. vertical transmission of hcv infection is rare, and the times and means of occurrence are not as yet well defined. the present study sets out to establish the prevalence of hcv-ab carriers within a population of 4,242 pregnant women in verona (ita ... | 1996 | 8685022 |
| azathioprine hepatitis in kidney transplant recipients. a predisposing role of chronic viral hepatitis. | influence of viral liver diseases on the occurrence of azathioprine hepatitis was evaluated in 21 kidney transplant recipients. diagnosis of azathioprine hepatitis was always based on jaundice, which disappeared after azathioprine withdrawal in 18 patients and after azathioprine dose reduction in 3 patients. histopathological diagnosis of azathioprine toxicity was ascertained in 14 patients. rechallenge with azathioprine performed in 4 patients, within 2-4 months after the first jaundice episode ... | 1996 | 8685959 |
| high seroprevalence of hepatitis a, b, c, and e viruses in residents in an egyptian village in the nile delta: a pilot study. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is hyperendemic in egypt, with seroprevalence rates of 10-20% among volunteer blood donors, and even higher rates reported among segments of the general population. we attempted to confirm the high seroprevalence of hcv and to compare it with the age-specific seroprevalence rates for hepatitis a, hepatitis b, and hepatitis e among 155 nonrandomly selected residents of a semiurban village in the nile river delta. of the two orally transmitted viruses (hav and hev ... | 1996 | 8686770 |
| hcv infection and liver cancer mortality in a japanese population with htlv-i. | in a cohort study of human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) infection in japan, 10 cases of liver cancer death occurred from 1984 through 1993. to analyze the role of hepatitis c virus (hcv), which has been associated with an increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in japan, a nested case-control study was performed. five of the 10 liver cancer cases were positive for antibody to htlv-i (anti-htlv-i). the possible interaction between hcv and htlv-i infections in the etiology o ... | 1996 | 8690522 |
| [viral tumor markers]. | viruses can contribute to the development of human tumors by different mechanisms: directly by altering host cellular gene expression by viral products or by viral dna integration; indirectly by modifying the host cell genome co-operated with other factors. human cancer associated with hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), human t cell leukemia virus (htlv-i), papillomavirus (hpv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) infections are responsible for liver cancer (hbv and hcv), adult t cell leu ... | 1996 | 8691605 |
| safety and efficacy of hepatitis c virus antibody screening of blood donors with two sequential screening assays. | reactive samples in hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibody screening of blood donors are currently referred for a confirmatory assay. this scheme is not optimally efficient and is expensive because of the lack of specificity and cost of confirmatory tests, as well as the need to discard false-positive donations. as in some human immunodeficiency virus antibody-confirmatory schemes, the safety and efficacy of confirming anti-hcv with two sequential screening assays were evaluated. | 1996 | 8693503 |
| mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis c virus in human immunodeficiency virus-coinfected mother: a case report. | we report a case of vertical transmission of hcv in a mother infected with both hcv and hiv. our case suggests that coinfection with hiv, by causing an immune dysfunction, might be one of the risk factors for the transmission of hcv. | 1996 | 8697343 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in a large cohort of homosexually active men: independent associations with hiv-1 infection and injecting drug use but not sexual behaviour. | to determine the prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in a cohort of homosexually active men, with particular reference to assessing sexual transmission. | 1996 | 8698359 |
| hepatitis c plasma viral load is associated with hcv genotype but not with hiv coinfection. | the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) coinfection and hepatitis c virus (hcv) genotype distribution on hcv viral load and alanine amino transferase (alt) levels in chronically infected patients remains unclear. in the present study, serum samples from a group of haemophiliac patients were investigated retrospectively. hcv geno- and subtyping was carried out using the inno line probe assay (inno lipa, innogenetics, zwijnaarde, belgium) in 87 patients positive by hcv rt pcr. of these ... | 1996 | 8699166 |
| a quantitative test to estimate neutralizing antibodies to the hepatitis c virus: cytofluorimetric assessment of envelope glycoprotein 2 binding to target cells. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis. the virus does not replicate efficiently in cell cultures, and it is therefore difficult to assess infection-neutralizing antibodies and to evaluate protective immunity in vitro. to study the binding of the hcv envelope to cell-surface receptors, we developed an assay to assess specific binding of recombinant envelope proteins to human cells and neutralization thereof. hcv recombinant envelope proteins expressed in various systems we ... | 1996 | 8700831 |
| risk taking by health care workers. | health care workers (hcws) are at risk for acquiring infections such as human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c, and tuberculosis from blood and body fluids. the centers for disease control established guidelines known as universal precautions (ups) to prevent transmission of blood-borne pathogens in hospital settings, but ups are not universally followed. cnss are in a unique position to enhance the practice of ups and decrease the hcw's risk-taking behavior. cnss need to i ... | 1996 | 8705932 |
| expression and immune response to hepatitis c virus core dna-based vaccine constructs. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major worldwide cause of acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. the development of vaccines against hcv have been complicated by the high variability of the envelope region, and it is likely that the cellular immune responses to viral structural proteins may be important for eradicating persistent viral infection. recently, it was reported that the injection into muscle cells of plasmids encoding viral genes resulted in the generation o ... | 1996 | 8707253 |
| oral cancer and hepatitis c virus (hcv): can hcv alone cause oral cancer?--a case report. | previously, we reported the high prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in patients with oral cancer or oral lichen planus in kyushu, japan. we now report a 61-year-old man with chronic hepatitis c and no oral lesions who developed oral cancer 6 months after interferon therapy (interferon alpha [hlbi], 6 million units (mu) daily for 2 weeks and then 3 times a week for 14 weeks). this case emphasizes the need for periodic oral cavity examinations of hepatitis c patients and contributed t ... | 1996 | 8709566 |
| abnormal serum porphyrin levels in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with or without hepatitis c virus infection. | to define the contributions of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis c virus infections to the development of porphyria cutanea tarda. | 1996 | 8712840 |
| idiopathic adulthood ductopenia. | in 1981, a 26 year old man occasionally demonstrated elevated serum transaminase concentrations. he had no history of medication, or a personal or family history of jaundice, except for prolonged physiological jaundice as a neonate. serum hepatitis b surface antigen, hepatitis c virus antibody and anti-mitochondrial antibody were absent. a wedge biopsy specimen revealed ductular proliferation, mild inflammation of the portal area and disappearance of bile ducts from 80% of the portal tracts. ser ... | 1996 | 8713711 |
| safety and efficacy of monoclonal antibody purified factor ix concentrate in previously untreated patients with hemophilia b. | the safety and efficacy of a monoclonal antibody purified factor ix concentrate were evaluated in two continuing trials of 32 previously untreated patients with mild, moderate, or severe hemophilia b. patients were evaluated every 2 weeks for 24 weeks and every 3 months thereafter for at least 1 year. no patients became positive for human immunodeficiency virus antibody or hepatitis c virus antibody during the trial. two patients developed a false-positive hepatitis b core antibody, one transien ... | 1996 | 8713776 |
| patients, needles, and healthcare workers: understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b and c, and cytomegalovirus. | the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens in the healthcare environment is determined by three main factors: the nature and frequency of exposure to blood or body fluids; the risk of transmission of infection after a single exposure to the pathogen; and the prevalence of infected and susceptible patients and healthcare workers. this article will examine all three parts of the risk equation by addressing the risks and pathologic consequences of infection with four important bloodborne viru ... | 1995 | 8714928 |
| surgical helmet systems. | a surgical helmet system (shs) is either a loose-fitting hood or a hood combined with an integral gown (called a toga system). shss are used during orthopedic procedures to decrease the patient's risk of deep wound infection by keeping skin and other particles from the surgeon's face from falling into the open surgical site. they are also used to protect surgical staff from infectious blood splashes and potentially infectious aerosols generated by power tools during orthopedic procedures - and i ... | 1996 | 8722101 |
| hazards to the orthopaedic trauma surgeon: occupational exposure to hiv and viral hepatitis (a review article). | the risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens is directly related to the prevalence of the infectious disease in the physician's patient population, the infectivity after a single exposure, and the frequency and nature of exposure. after reading this material the reader should understand the guidelines for risk prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus, and hepatitis c virus transmission as published by the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) and the oc ... | 1996 | 8723409 |
| hepatitis c virus and non-hodgkin's lymphomas. | the etiology of non-hodgkin's lymphomas (nhl) remains a controversial matter, but, in the last few years, considerable evidence suggests that aberrations of the immune system and viruses may act as etiologic agents, in at least some cases of nhl. in fact, patients with primary immuno-deficiencies, or those suffering from diseases characterized by autoimmune dysfunction, show an increased risk for the development of nhl. several viruses have been identified as possible etiologic agents for nhl; o ... | 1996 | 8724528 |
| national surveillance of dialysis associated diseases in the united states, 1993. | to determine trends in a number of hemodialysis associated diseases and practices, the centers for disease control and prevention, in collaboration with the health care financing administration, performed a mail survey of 2,304 chronic hemodialysis centers in the united states in 1993. by the end of 1993, at least three doses of hepatitis b vaccine were administered to 29% of patients and 76% of staff at responding centers. hepatitis b surface antigen was present at low frequency in patients (in ... | 1996 | 8725695 |
| disappearance of cryoglobulins and remission of symptoms in a patient with hcv-associated type ii mixed cryoglobulinemia after hiv-1 infection. | we report the case of a woman with long-lasting mixed cryoglobulinemic syndrome, who experienced clinical and laboratory remission of her cryoglobulinemia after becoming infected with human immuno-deficiency virus and developing hiv-1 induced immunosuppression. | 1995 | 8730498 |
| chronic delta hepatitis: is the prognosis worse when associated with hepatitis c virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections? | eighty-six patients were followed for 6.5 years to study the epidemiological, virological, and histological course of chronic delta hepatitis and the relationship of this disease with hiv and hcv infection. patients were classified into four groups according to simultaneous hcv and/or hiv infection: group 1, hdv infection (20 cases); group 2, hdv and hcv infection (11 cases); group 3, hdv and hiv infection (12 cases), and group 4, hdv, hcv, and hiv infection (43 cases). all but 14 patients were ... | 1996 | 8732862 |
| relevance of intravenous cocaine use in relation to prevalence of hiv, hepatitis b and c virus markers among intravenous drug abusers in southern italy. | the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between intravenous (i.v) drug use practices and the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) in 146 heterosexual male i.v. drug users (ivdus) attending a methadone-maintainance treatment program in catanzaro, southern italy. one hundred and forty-six heterosexual male ivdus attending a methadone-maintainance treatment program in catanzaro were interviewed in order to obtain the ... | 1995 | 8735431 |
| replication of hepatitis c virus. | the mode of replication of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) remains poorly understood. attempts to produce a tissue culture model containing replicating hcv have been largely unsuccessful. recent studies on sera from patients chronically infected with hcv have shown that viral particles may be found in high- or low-density fractions. high-density fractions contain non-infectious virions whilst infectious particles can be derived from low-density material. using appropriate infectious fractions we hav ... | 1996 | 8736234 |
| evaluation of interferon treatment in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis c. | the aim of this study was to examine the effects of interferon on cirrhotic patients with hepatitis c and the incidence of adverse reactions. the subjects were 35 cirrhotic patients, and 29 chronic active hepatitis patients without cirrhosis (cah) served as controls. the cirrhotic patients received 3 or 6 million units of human lymphoblastoid interferon daily for one or two weeks and then three times a week for 22 or 23 weeks, while the cah patients received 6 million units daily for 2 weeks and ... | 1996 | 8741709 |
| overview: viral agents and cancer. | substantial evidence indicates that several common viruses are clearly or probable causal factors in the etiology of specific malignancies. these viruses either normally establish latency or can become persistent infections. oncogenesis is probably linked to an enhanced level of viral activation in the infected host, reflecting heavy viral dose or compromised immune control. the major virus-malignancy systems include hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and hepatocellular carcinoma; ... | 1995 | 8741795 |
| the gb hepatitis viruses. | the genomes of three new flavi-like viruses, gbv-a, gbv-b and gbv-c have been identified. nucleic acid molecules corresponding to the genomes of gbv-a and gbv-b were isolated from tamarins with hepatitis which had been infected with the gb agent. rna sequences corresponding to gbv-c have been shown to be present in sera from humans with non-a-e hepatitis. sequence comparisons show that these three viruses are more closely related to each other and to hepatitis c virus (hcv) than to any other kno ... | 1995 | 8745313 |
| identification of hepatitis c virus by immunoelectron microscopy. | sequencing of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) has provided a better understanding of the natural history, immunology, and epidemiology of this virus. however, the morphology of hcv has not been definitively characterized. in this study, through a sequence of concentration processes, virus-like particles were isolated from human serum and liver tissue, visualized by transmission electron microscopy and identified as hepatitis c virion by immunoelectron microscopy. spherical flavi-like virus particles ... | 1995 | 8745314 |
| revealing the history of infectious disease epidemics through phylogenetic trees. | phylogenetic trees play an increasing role in molecular epidemiology, where they have been used to understand the forces that shape patterns of viral sequence diversity. phylogenetic trees can also be used to trace the dynamics of viral transmission within populations. case studies document the worldwide spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hepatitis c virus (hcv). despite similarities between these viruses, especially in their transmission routes, they are shown to have ver ... | 1995 | 8748017 |
| significance of indeterminate third-generation hepatitis c virus recombinant immunoblot assay. | indeterminate hepatitis c virus (hcv) third-generation recombinant immunoblot assay (riba3.0; ortho diagnostic systems) patterns were arbitrarily defined by the manufacturer as the detection of only one antibody out of the four that were sought, namely, c100 (ns4 encoded), c22 (core encoded), c33c (ns3 encoded), and ns5 (ns5 encoded). the aims of the present study were (i) to determine the prevalence of indeterminate riba3.0 patterns in patients consecutively tested for anti-hcv antibodies in a ... | 1996 | 8748278 |
| treatment of chronic hepatitis c with interferon-alpha in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | the incidence of hepatitis c infection is increased in subjects with human immunodeficiency virus infection, although the relative frequency of hepatitis b infection is higher than that hepatitis c. the present study assessed the effect of ifn-a on chronic hepatitis c in hiv infected patients. | 1995 | 8751210 |
| [etiology and epidemiology of 547 episodes of acute viral hepatitis diagnosed in adults in a general hospital (1983-1994)]. | the etiology and epidemiology of 547 consecutive episodes of acute viral hepatitis in adults and diagnosed in a general hospital over 12 years (1983-1994) were prospectively analyzed as were the changes observed during the two halves of the study period. of the 547 episodes, 25.4% were of type a, 41.1% type b, 21.9% type c, 6.6% non a, non b, non c, 2.4% type d, 1.1% by cytomegalovirus and 1.4% by the epstein-barr virus. the proportion of hepatitis a increased from 21.5% from 1983-1988 to 34.1% ... | 1996 | 8754414 |
| evaluation of iha test for fascioliasis in cases of hepatitis c virus infection. | human sera were collected from proven cases of fascioliasis, virus c hepatitis, combined fascioliasis and virus c hepatitis and from normal persons. antibodies against hepatitis c virus were found to cross react in the indirect haemagglutination test for antibodies against fasciola. this cross reaction occurred in 2 cases out of 25 cases at titres of 1/320 and 1/640. however, the test showed 100% sensitivity. so, this study could suggest the use of iha test for human fascioliasis for screening o ... | 1996 | 8754655 |
| viral hepatitis. | the list of hepatitis viruses is increasing over the years. now the viruses range from a to g. hepatitis a virus is a short incubation rna virus which is transmitted oro-faecally. it does not cause chronic illness but may be fatal in a few cases especially in pregnancy. it can now be prevented by vaccination. hepatitis b virus is a long incubation dna virus which is transmitted mainly through blood and blood products. it causes chronic illness and can lead to liver cancer in some cases. it can b ... | 1996 | 8756033 |
| the region between the m and s genes of porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus is highly similar to human coronavirus oc43. | the nucleotide sequences of the regions between the membrane and spike protein genes of three strains of porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) were determined. a total of 739 (hev strain 67n) and 751 (strains nt9 and vw572) nucleotides were sequenced. two orfs, potentially encoding proteins of 12.8 and 9.6 kda, were identified. pairwise comparisons with the corresponding orfs in bovine coronavirus (bcv) and human coronavirus (hcv) oc43 revealed sequence similarities of greater ... | 1996 | 8757985 |
| [porphyria cutanea tarda and hepatitis c virus infection. clinical and virological study]. | the role of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in porphyria cutanea tarda (pct) is probable since the global antibody prevalence among pct patients is about 70 p. 100. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the virological characteristics in 12 patients with sporadic pct and one with familial pct. | 1996 | 8761787 |
| risk factors for hepatitis c virus infection among blood donors in an hiv-epidemic area in thailand. | the role of sexual transmission in hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection has not yet been completely elucidated. this study aimed to compare the risk factors for hcv and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in an hiv epidemic area of thailand where hiv is mainly transmitted heterosexually. | 1996 | 8762384 |
| antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of hepatitis c virus gene expression in transformed hepatocytes. | genetic and biochemical studies have provided convincing evidence that the 5' noncoding region (5' ncr) of hepatitis c virus (hcv) is highly conserved among viral isolates worldwide and that translation of hcv is directed by an internal ribosome entry site (ires) located within the 5' ncr. we have investigated inhibition of hcv gene expression using antisense oligonucleotides complementary to the 5' ncr, translation initiation codon, and core protein coding sequences. oligonucleotides were evalu ... | 1996 | 8764029 |
| primary hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach with liver metastasis: an unusual association. | alpha-fetoprotein (afp)-producing hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach is a rare and recently discovered entity. we report an unusual combination of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach with multiple liver metastases. the patient, a 62-year-old japanese man, was clinically diagnosed as having hepatocellular carcinoma because of the presence of liver tumors, a markedly elevated serum afp level, and a positive hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibody titer. autopsy reveale ... | 1996 | 8765186 |
| the new lymphotropic herpesviruses (hhv-6, hhv-7, hhv-8) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) in human lymphoproliferative diseases: an overview. | considerable evidence has been accumulating in favor of a possible involvement of viral agents in the pathogenesis of human lymphomas. the most recent proposal for a lymphoma classification, the revised european-american classification, emphasized for the first time the pathogenetic importance of two viruses, namely epstein-barr virus (ebv) and human t lymphotropic virus i (htlv-i) in the development of certain lymphoid neoplasias. however, in the last ten years new viral agents possibly related ... | 1996 | 8767534 |
| anti-liver/kidney microsome-1-positive chronic hepatitis c with type i cryoglobulinemia responding to interferon. | a 53-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for close examination of his liver. serum hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna and anti-liver/kidney microsome (lkm) 1 were positive. benign monoclonal gammopathy and type i cryoglobulinemia (both of igg lambda class) which are rarely seen in association with chronic hepatitis c, were found to be present. interferon therapy was given, resulting in the disappearance of both hcv-rna and type i cryoglobulin in the blood. we propose a hypothesis that the primary ... | 1995 | 8774976 |
| transmission of rabies by corneal graft. | viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis b, hepatitis c, and rabies can be transmitted to the recipient by corneal transplantation. very few cases of rabies have been reported. here we report two cases of rabies transmitted by the same donor. both of the recipients died of rabies. | 1996 | 8776570 |
| hla-b27 positive ankylosing spondylitis and polyarteritis nodosa: a case report. | a 35-year-old man, with positive hbv and hcv markers, showed clinical and histopathological features of polyarteritis nodosa (pan), in the course of hla-b27 positive ankylosing spondylitis (as). the possible occurrence of both diseases in genetically susceptible subjects is discussed. although the role of hbv surface antigen in the pathogenesis of pan is well established, there is still a large proportion of pan patients with no evidence of hbv infection. in the present case, the coexistence of ... | 1996 | 8777859 |
| seroprevalence survey of egyptian tourism workers for hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and treponema pallidum infections: association of hepatitis c virus infections with specific regions of egypt. | blood samples from 740 egyptian nationals working in the tourism industry at two sites in the south sinai governorate were screened for markers of infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and treponema pallidum. study subjects included 467 individuals from a rural seashore tourist village and 273 persons at two hotels in a well-established resort town. subjects' ages ranged from 15 to 70 years; 99.3% were male. the prevalence of serolog ... | 1996 | 8780457 |
| laboratory diagnosis and molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of hepatitis c virus infection among recipients of human intravenous immunoglobulin in spain. | passive transfer of antibody to hepatitis c virus (hcv) has been thought to occur after infusion of human intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig), as anti-hcv and/or hcv rna was commonly found in that product. recently, however, hcv rna was detected in the serum of recipients of ivig. establishment of a causal relationship between ivig therapy and hcv infection in recipients was attempted. | 1996 | 8780668 |
| differences in hypervariable region 1 quasispecies of hepatitis c virus between human serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | the complexity of hypervariable region 1 (hvr1) quasispecies of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) was assessed at several time points in 11 patients with chronic hepatitis c. polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis revealed that four patients (36%) showed serial changes in the complexity of hvr1 quasispecies, which were identical in both serum and pbmcs; two patients (18%) showed both serial changes in quasispec ... | 1996 | 8780688 |
| neonatal hepatobiliary disorders. | neonatal hepatobiliary disorders are now better understood due primarily to new discoveries in molecular genetics, virology, and immunology. because they are almost always pathologic and require early intervention, the neonatologist must recognize infants with these hepatocellular and ductal cholestatic problems occurring in the first few weeks of life. this article focuses mainly on new developments regarding neonatal metabolic disorders and their potential for gene therapy; perinatal infection ... | 1996 | 8780908 |
| a prospective study of transfusion-transmitted gb virus c infection: similar frequency but different clinical presentation compared with hepatitis c virus. | to study the incidence and outcome of gb virus c (gbv-c) infection in blood recipients. serum samples collected in a prospective study were examined for gbv-c rna by a nested polymerase chain reaction assay. among the 400 adults who underwent cardiac surgery, 40 were positive for gbv-c rna, including six whose pretransfusion sera were already positive and seven coinfected with hepatitis c virus (hcv) during transfusion. the risk of transmission was estimated to be approximately 0.46% per donor. ... | 1996 | 8781448 |
| hepatitis c infection presenting with rheumatic manifestations: a mimic of rheumatoid arthritis. | to describe the clinical features of a group of patients presenting with rheumatic manifestations who were subsequently determined to have hepatitis c infection. | 1996 | 8782126 |
| a rapid method for the detection of hepatitis c virus rna by in situ hybridization. | the histologic detection of hepatitis c (hep c) in paraffin-embedded tissue sections has been problematic. we describe the use of a rapid, i.e., less than 2 hours, in situ hybridization technique to detect hep c by use of a manual capillary action system (microprobe staining system) and a 24-base synthetic multibiotinylated oligonucleotide antisense probe from the prototype hep c virus base sequence -16 to -13. this technique is rapid, i.e., it requires a 30-minute hybridization time and easily ... | 1996 | 8782210 |
| how accurate is serologic testing of plasma pools for hepatitis b virus surface antigen, anti-human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2, and anti-hepatitis c virus? | the european pharmacopeia prescribes that, during the manufacture of blood derivates, the first homogeneous pool of plasma (for example, after removal of cryoprecipitate) must be tested for hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag), for hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibodies and for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies using test methods of suitable sensitivity and specificity, in order to reduce the residual risk of infection originating from blood products. the present study was performed ... | 1996 | 8782708 |
| new types of primers (stair primers) for pcr amplification of the variable v3 region of the human immunodeficiency virus. | the aim of the study was to develop a reliable pcr method for the detection of viral genomes with frequent mutations like hiv and hepatitis c virus. a system of 'stair' primers is suggested which allows amplification of a genomic sequence despite the presence of mutations in the region of the primers. in this system, classical primers are replaced with primers composed of a mixture of equimolar oligonucleotides in which the 5' end remains constant (single sized fragment) and the 3' end is displa ... | 1996 | 8783146 |
| autologous blood transfusion in the pediatric patient. | the use of autologous blood has been encouraged by blood banks and transfusion services for the past 10 years, mainly because of public concern over the safety of blood. the virtues include reduced likelihood of reactions to transfused blood and reduction or elimination of the risk of alloimmunization and transfusion transmitted diseases such as hepatitis c and the human immunodeficiency virus. the pediatric patient population has been largely excluded from published series on autologous blood u ... | 1995 | 8786475 |
| influence of human immunodeficiency virus infection on hepatitis delta virus superinfection in chronic hbsag carriers. | it is generally agreed that hepatitis b virus (hbv) replication is reduced by hepatitis delta virus infection (hdv) and augmented by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. however, the precise nature of the interactions between hbv, hdv and hiv is controversial. the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of hiv infection on hbv and hdv replication, and on histological scores during delta virus superinfection in hdv-positive, chronic carriers of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). w ... | 1994 | 8790568 |
| characterization of hepatitis c virus replication in cloned cells obtained from a human t-cell leukemia virus type 1-infected cell line, mt-2. | we recently found that a human t-cell leukemia virus type 1-infected cell line, mt-2, could support the replication of hepatitis c virus (hcv) (n. kato, t. nakazawa, t. mizutani, and k. shimotohno, biochem. biophys. res. commun. 206:863-869, 1995). in order to develop a culture system in which hcv replicates more efficiently, we examined the efficiency of hcv replication in cloned mt-2 cell lines by the limiting dilution method. consequently, we obtained five clones in which intracellular positi ... | 1996 | 8794370 |