| evaluation of a single dilution elisa system for detection of seroconversion to bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza-3 virus, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus: comparison with testing by virus neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition. | a single-dilution quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system, based on commercial elisa kits, for the simultaneous detection of seroconversion to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), parainfluenza-3 virus (pi3v), and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) was evaluated by testing acute and convalescent serum pairs from 564 cattle in 145 outbreaks of respiratory disease. seroconversion to bvdv, brsv, pi3v and ibrv was detected i ... | 1998 | 9526859 |
| detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein e antibodies in individual milk samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether individual milk samples can replace serum samples for the detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) glycoprotein e (ge)-specific antibodies. serum and milk samples were collected at the same time from cattle in bhv1-free herds, cattle in unvaccinated herds, and cattle in herds that were vaccinated twice with a bhv1 marker vaccine. the samples were tested in two ge enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) systems. in comparison to serum, the resu ... | 1998 | 9466750 |
| neuropathology of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) meningo-encephalitis in a rabbit seizure model. | the suitability of a rabbit seizure model for studying the neuropathogenesis of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) encephalitis was evaluated. intranasal administration of bhv-5 (strain tx89) together with intramuscular administration of dexamethasone produced seizures in 70% of rabbits tested and meningo-encephalitis in 100%. infectious bhv-5 was consistently isolated from the following sites: olfactory bulb; anterior cortex, containing the frontal cortex, olfactory tract and anterior portion of ... | 1997 | 9502267 |
| tumor necrosis factor beta is a major source of antibody-activated effector cells in the killing of virally infected target cells. | we have extended our previous work on cross-linking cd4 molecules using specific monoclonal-antibody-induced antigen-nonspecific major-histocompatibility-complex unrestricted killing by cd4+ t cells of virally infected target cells. the killing activity of antibody-activated cd4+ t cells was completely blocked by herbimycin a, a protein tyrosine kinase (ptk) inhibitor, but not by bisindolylmaleimide, a protein kinase c inhibitor. herbimycin-a-treated human or bovine peripheral blood cd4+ t cells ... | 1997 | 9491850 |
| the class ii membrane glycoprotein g of bovine respiratory syncytial virus, expressed from a synthetic open reading frame, is incorporated into virions of recombinant bovine herpesvirus 1. | the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) recombinants bhv-1/eg(ori) and bhv-1/eg(syn) were isolated after insertion of expression cassettes which contained either a genomic rna-derived cdna fragment (bhv-1/eg(ori)) or a modified, chemically synthesized open reading frame (orf) (bhv-1/eg(syn)), which both encode the attachment glycoprotein g of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), a class ii membrane glycoprotein. northern blot analyses and nuclear runoff transcription experiments indicated that tr ... | 1998 | 9557663 |
| detection of a novel bovine lymphotropic herpesvirus. | degenerate pcr primers which amplify a conserved region of the dna polymerase genes of the herpesvirus family were used to provide sequence evidence for a new bovine herpesvirus in bovine b-lymphoma cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). the sequence of the resultant amplicon was found to be distinct from those of known herpesvirus isolates. alignment of amino acid sequences demonstrated 70% identity with ovine herpesvirus 2, 69% with alcelaphine herpesvirus 1, 65% with bovine herp ... | 1998 | 9557713 |
| epidemiological characteristics of bovine herpesvirus 1 infections determined by bulk milk testing of all dutch dairy herds. | samples of bulk milk were taken from all 33,636 dutch dairy herds in november 1994 and tested for the presence of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) antibodies with a gb-blocking elisa. sixteen per cent of the herds had a negative bhv-1 status in the bulk milk. farms with only dairy cows were 1.9 times more likely to have a negative or weakly positive bhv-1 status than herds which also had beef/veal animals. farms in areas containing less than one herd/km2 were 1.5 times more likely to have a negative ... | 1998 | 9533279 |
| intradermal immunization with a bovine herpesvirus-1 dna vaccine induces protective immunity in cattle. | although intramuscular (i.m.) injection of dna encoding glycoprotein d (gd) of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) induces immune responses in cattle, this route of delivery is inefficient. here we assessed three parameters that may enhance the efficacy of a gd dna vaccine in cattle. first, the immune response generated by i.m. injected plasmid expressing a secreted form of gd (tgd) was determined and found to be very similar in magnitude to the response induced by gd-expressing plasmid. secondly, gd- ... | 1998 | 9568979 |
| [spread of an intramuscularly administered live ge-negative bhv1 marker vaccine in 2 cattle farms]. | cattle are vaccinated with a live ge-negative bhv1-marker vaccine as a part of a programme to eradicate bovine herpes virus 1 in the netherlands. to investigate whether this vaccine is transmitted to unvaccinated cattle in a herd after intramuscular administration, cattle from two herds were vaccinated: of a herd of 114 bhv1-antibody negative cattle on one farm, 45 animals were vaccinated, and of a dairy herd of 55 cattle in another farm, all 10 bhv1-positive animals were vaccinated. vaccination ... | 1998 | 9537086 |
| construction and characterization of a stably transformed hela cell line in which the expression of bovine herpesvirus 1 icp0 (bicp0) is induced by tetracycline. | to explore the effects bicp0 (a principal transactivator of bhv-1 gene expression) on viral promoter elements, we established a cell line in which the expression of bicp0 is regulated by tetracycline. a hybrid promoter containing reiterated copies of the tet-operator (tet-o) and a minimal herpesviral alpha gene transinducing factor (alpha tif) responsive element (minimal human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter) was fused to the bicp0 gene and used to transform a hela cell line which expre ... | 1998 | 9580095 |
| humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of beef and dairy cattle experimentally infested with psoroptes ovis. | to compare cellular and humoral immune responses of beef (belgian white and blue [bwb]) and dairy (friesian-holstein [fh]) cattle to psoroptes ovis infestation and to determine whether p ovis infestation impaired immune responses to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibr) vaccine or an immunogenic protein (keyhole-limpet hemocyanin [klh]). | 1998 | 9582960 |
| prevalence of antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea virus and other viruses in bulk tank milk in england and wales. | bulk tank milk samples from 1070 dairy herds in england and wales were tested by elisa for antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv). a subset of 341 herds was tested by elisa for antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and bovine coronavirus (bcv). none of the herds had less than 40 dairy cows and none had been vaccinated against bvdv. the prevalence of bvdv antibody-positive herds in the national population was estimated at 95 per cent and ... | 1998 | 9586130 |
| [introduction of bhv1 on dairy farms. risk assessment by cattle farmers and veterinarians]. | a study is being carried out at wageningen agricultural university together with, among others, the animal health service to determine the possibilities and economic consequences of a more closed farming system for (dutch) dairy farms. three identical workshops, held in the evening, were organized as part of the study. the opinion of farmers and their veterinarians on the importance of risk factors for the introduction of diseases on a farm was determined, using bovine herpes virus type 1 (bhv1) ... | 1998 | 9537105 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1-induced apoptosis: phenotypic characterization of susceptible peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), a member of the alphaherpesvirinae, induces apoptotic cell death in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). to investigate the process by which bhv-1 induces apoptosis, we determined the susceptibility of the three main pbmc subpopulations to bhv-1-induced apoptosis. this study shows that bhv-1 can induce apoptosis individually in t lymphocytes, b lymphocytes and monocytes. this conclusion is based on the following findings: (i) bhv-1 substantially reduces the pe ... | 1998 | 9572546 |
| simple and rapid purification of alphaherpesviruses by chromatography on a cation exchange membrane. | a simple and rapid method is described for the purification of two alphaherpesviruses, pseudorabies virus (prv) and bovine herpesvirus 1, by chromatography on a cation exchange membrane. cell culture supernatants were passed over a sulfonic-acid modified filter membrane and virions were eluted with a potassium chloride-containing buffer. over 85% of the virus was eluted within a single fraction and specific infectivity of the resulting virus preparation was over 10-fold higher than that of sucro ... | 1998 | 9562416 |
| an inactivated ge-negative marker vaccine and an experimental gd-subunit vaccine reduce the incidence of bovine herpesvirus 1 infections in the field. | an inactivated glycoprotein e-negative vaccine and an experimental glycoprotein d-subunit vaccine against bovine herpesvirus 1 (v1) were examined for their effectiveness in a randomized, double-bline, placebo-controlled field trial comprising 130 dairy farms. the use of these marker vaccines enabled us to monitor the incidence of infections in vaccinated populations. the aims of this trial were to evaluate whether these vaccines: (1) reduce the proportion of outbreaks in dairy herds; and (2) red ... | 1998 | 9607041 |
| detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) genomic sequences in bovine semen inoculated with bhv-1 by polymerase chain reaction. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique was applied to detect bhv-1 in bovine semen inoculated with bhv-1. the technique was found to be 10(6) times more sensitive than a non-isotopic dot-blot hybridization method in detecting viral genomic dna. of the three primer pairs used, the one chosen from glycoprotein gc appeared to be most sensitive as it could detect up to 0.01 tcid50 of bhv-1 in the semen. the technique could be useful in screening breeding bulls or samples of frozen semen prior to ... | 1997 | 9607088 |
| risk factors for existence of bovine herpes virus 1 antibodies on nonvaccinating dutch dairy farms. | a more closed farming system may prevent introduction of infectious diseases on dairy farms and can be a good starting point for control of these diseases. data were available on the presence of bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv1) antibodies in bulk milk and/or blood samples of dutch dairy farms. furthermore, information about the possible risk factors for introduction of infectious diseases was collected on 214 of these dairy farms. data of 107 farms which had been never vaccinated against bhv1 remain ... | 1998 | 9604262 |
| entry of alphaherpesviruses mediated by poliovirus receptor-related protein 1 and poliovirus receptor. | a human member of the immunoglobulin superfamily was shown to mediate entry of several alphaherpesviruses, including herpes simplex viruses (hsv) 1 and 2, porcine pseudorabies virus (prv), and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). this membrane glycoprotein is poliovirus receptor-related protein 1 (prr1), designated here as hvec. incubation of hsv-1 with a secreted form of hvec inhibited subsequent infection of a variety of cell lines, suggesting that hvec interacts directly with the virus. poliovirus r ... | 1998 | 9616127 |
| bovine herpesvirus-1 infection affects the peptide transport activity in bovine cells. | infection of cattle with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) impairs the cell-mediated immune response (cmi) of the affected host. we investigated the location of interference of bhv-1 with the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i antigen presentation pathway by employing an assay that allows assessment of the peptide transport activity of the transporter associated with antigen presentation (tap) from the cytoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum (er). we found a considerable down-regulation ... | 1998 | 9617772 |
| development of a syngeneic bovine fibroblast cell line: implications for the study of bovine cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | the study of t-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in domestic animals, especially in cattle, has been hampered by the lack of proper restimulatory as well as target systems. while the currently available bovine cell lines have not been typed for the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules they express, methods to derive lines of cells obtained from animals that are mhc-typed have not been thoroughly explored. in the present study, we describe a method for the development of cell lines f ... | 1998 | 9586696 |
| a comparative study of serological tests for use in the bovine herpesvirus 1 eradication programme in the netherlands. | we compared a gb-elisa, a ge-elisa and a danish test system (consisting of a blocking and an indirect elisa) for their specificity and sensitivity to detect antibodies against bhv1. the danish test system showed the highest sensitivity and the ge-elisa the lowest; the gb-elisa showed an intermediate sensitivity. if the doubtful zone (25-50% blocking) of the gb-elisa was considered as positive (gb-elisa+), the sensitivity almost reached that of the danish test system. the specificity of all tests ... | 1998 | 9631527 |
| milk production and reproduction during a subclinical bovine herpesvirus 1 infection on a dairy farm. | this study describes an outbreak of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) infections in a dairy herd with special reference to disease symptoms, reproductive performance and milk production losses. the study was carried out with a dairy herd consisting of 98 lactating animals. all animals were housed in the same freestall barn with intensive contact between all animals. an outbreak of bhv1 was induced by injecting three seropositive cows with dexamethasone. during the outbreak, no clinical signs were obse ... | 1998 | 9604259 |
| evaluation of baculovirus-expressed bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoproteins for detection and analysis of bhv-1-specific antibody responses. | baculovirus (autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis)-expressed bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoproteins b (gb), gc, and gd were developed and characterized. the recombinant proteins retained their antigenic properties as determined by immunoblotting against monoclonal antibodies. the proteins were examined as antigens for detection of bhv-1 infection and for the analysis of antibody responses to the individual viral proteins. a total of 115 bovine serum samples were tested for their react ... | 1998 | 9646475 |
| a cell surface protein with herpesvirus entry activity (hveb) confers susceptibility to infection by mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, and pseudorabies virus. | certain mutant strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) are unable to infect cells in which entry is dependent on hvem, the previously described herpesvirus entry mediator designated here as herpesvirus entry protein a (hvea). these mutant viruses can infect other cells where entry is apparently dependent on other co-receptors. the mutant virus hsv-1(kos)rid1 was used to screen a human cdna expression library for ability of transfected plasmids to convert resistant chinese hamster ovary ce ... | 1998 | 9657005 |
| construction of a viable bhv1 mutant lacking most of the short unique region. | the 8.2 kb hindiii k-fragment of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) lies entirely within the short unique region of the genome and contains all or parts of 7 coding regions. we have probed this fragment for the presence of nonessential genes by a simple, rapid method of insertional mutagenesis. our analysis indicates that all the genes present in the k-fragment, except the glycoprotein d gene, are nonessential for replication of bhv1 in tissue culture. after inserting a copy of the glycoprotein d gene ... | 1997 | 9672601 |
| immediate-early protein bicp22 of bovine herpesvirus 1 trans-represses viral promoters of different kinetic classes and is itself regulated by bicp0 at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) encodes four immediate-early (ie) proteins. the transactivators bicp0 and bicp4 are key regulatory elements in viral replication, and circ is a myristylated virion component, whereas bicp22--originating from a spliced 1.7-kb transcript synthesized with dual ie and late kinetics--has not yet been characterized as a protein. in this study, western blot and immunofluorescence analysis using antisera against a c-terminal oligopeptide revealed major 50-kda and minor 35-kd ... | 1997 | 9672606 |
| resistance to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) induced in calves by a recombinant bovine herpesvirus-1 expressing the attachment glycoprotein of brsv. | the ability of a bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) recombinant expressing the g protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) to protect against brsv infection was examined in calves. a synthetic g gene was inserted behind the ge promoter of bhv-1 to give a ge-negative, bhv-1/g recombinant. gnotobiotic calves, vaccinated intranasally and intratracheally with bhv-1/g were challenged 6 weeks later with the snook strain of brsv. as controls, calves were vaccinated with a ge-negative mutant of bhv ... | 1998 | 9680140 |
| virulence, immunogenicity and reactivation of bovine herpesvirus 1 mutants with a deletion in the gc, gg, gi, ge, or in both the gi and ge gene. | within the framework of developing a marker vaccine against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1), several mutants with deletions in non-essential glycoprotein genes were constructed. glycoprotein gc, gg, gi and ge single deletion mutants, a gi/ge double deletion mutant and a ge frame-shift mutant were made. the virulence and immunogenicity of these mutants were evaluated in specific-pathogen-free calves. except for the gc deletion mutant, all mutants were significantly less virulent than the parental wil ... | 1998 | 9627937 |
| cd4(+) cytotoxic t-lymphocyte activity against macrophages pulsed with bovine herpesvirus 1 polypeptides. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) induces immune suppression, but the mechanisms for suppression are not well identified. we examined the induction and activity of bhv-1-specific cytolytic cd4(+) t lymphocytes (ctl) by stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of cattle immunized with attenuated live bhv-1. cytolytic effector cells were primarily cd4(+) t lymphocytes and lysed autologous, but not allogeneic, macrophages infected with bhv-1 or pulsed with bhv-1 polypeptides. apoptosis of b ... | 1998 | 9696796 |
| alternative splicing of the latency-related transcript of bovine herpesvirus 1 yields rnas containing unique open reading frames. | the latency-related transcript (lrt) of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is the only abundant viral rna detected during latency. a previous study (a. hossain, l. m. schang, and c. jones, j. virol. 69:5345-5352, 1995) concluded that splicing of polyadenylated [poly(a)+] and splicing of nonpolyadenylated [poly(a)-] lrt are different. in this study, splice junction sites of lrt were identified. in trigeminal ganglia of acutely infected calves (1, 7, or 15 days postinfection [p.i.]) or in latently infec ... | 1998 | 9696825 |
| attachment but not penetration of bovine herpesvirus 1 is necessary to induce apoptosis in target cells. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) induces apoptotic cell death in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and b-lymphoma cells. using a bhv-1 glycoprotein h null mutant, we have demonstrated that although penetration of bhv-1 is not required, attachment of bhv-1 viral particles is essential for the induction of apoptosis. | 1998 | 9696867 |
| reactivation of latent bovine herpesvirus 1 in cattle seronegative to glycoproteins gb and ge. | six heifers were vaccinated intranasally with the live bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) temperature-sensitive (ts) vaccine strain rbl106 within 3 weeks of birth. these calves most likely still had maternal antibodies against bhv1. thereafter, these heifers were vaccinated several times with an experimental bhv1 glycoprotein-d (gd) subunit vaccine. at the age of 3 years these 6 heifers were seronegative in the bhv1 gb and ge blocking elisas, but had neutralizing antibodies against bhv1, probably induc ... | 1998 | 9646441 |
| critical factors affecting the diagnostic reliability of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay formats. | this paper aims to evaluate different formats of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for detection of virus-specific antibodies and focuses on factors that may influence the diagnostic reliability of such tests. newly developed and well-established elisas for detection of infections of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), pseudorabies virus (prv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) are used as examples. differ ... | 1998 | 9713894 |
| bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein h is essential for penetration and propagation in cell culture. | bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein h (gh) is a structural component of the virion which forms a complex with glycoprotein gl. to study the role of bhv-1 gh in the virus infectious cycle, a gh null mutant was constructed in which the gh coding sequences were deleted and replaced by the escherichia coli lacz cassette. the bhv-1 gh null mutant was propagated in trans-complementing mdbk cells, stably transfected with plasmid pmep4 containing the bhv-1 gh gene under the control of the ind ... | 1998 | 9714247 |
| effects of long-term infection with bovine immunodeficiency virus and/or bovine leukemia virus on antibody and lymphocyte proliferative responses in cattle. | immune responses were examined in cattle between 3-5 years after experimental inoculation with bovine immunodeficiency virus (big) and/or bovine leukemia virus (blv). lymphocyte proliferative responses to con a or to allogeneic lymphocytes with foreign major histocompatibility complex molecules (allo mhc) were determined by 3h-thymidine incorporation assays. antigen-specific antibody and lymphocyte proliferative responses were measured following vaccination with tetanus toxoid (tt) and bovine he ... | 1998 | 9730220 |
| a protein encoded by the latency-related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 is expressed in trigeminal ganglionic neurons of latently infected cattle and interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase 2 during productive infection. | despite productive viral gene expression in the peripheral nervous system during acute infection, the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) infection cycle is blocked in sensory ganglionic neurons and consequently latency is established. the only abundant viral transcript expressed during latency is the latency-related (lr) rna. lr gene products inhibit s-phase entry, and binding of the lr protein (lrp) to cyclin a was hypothesized to block cell cycle progression. this study demonstrates lrp is a nuclear ... | 1998 | 9733854 |
| further investigations on the efficacy of a non-specific defence inducer evaluated in calves exposed to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. | six calves were given the immunomodulator baypamun and housed together with another six calves of which, three were experimentally infected with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), whereas the remaining three served as untreated controls. the three experimentally infected calves as well as the three controls developed clinical signs of the typical acute form of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr). of the calves treated with baypamun, those that had only one injection of the immunomodulator, either ... | 1998 | 9611684 |
| occurrence of some viruses and bacteria involved in respiratory diseases of ruminants in hungary. | serological surveys, virological and bacteriological investigations were carried out on large populations of lambs and calves kept in intensive fattening units on hungarian large-scale farms, in order to study the occurrence of viruses and bacteria involved in the respiratory disease complex. the investigations were carried out in stocks where 5-20% of the young animals succumbed to acute or chronic pneumonia every year. serological surveys revealed that seropositivity to bovine adenovirus type ... | 1998 | 9713141 |
| infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: a review. | the economic impact of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) warrants continued investigation of the mechanisms by which moraxella bovis survives on and colonizes the corneal surface. virulent strains of m bovis produce hemolysin and exhibit different plasmid profiles than nonvirulent strains. interactions among host, environment, vector, season, and concurrent infection influence the prevalence of ibk. mycoplasma sp. or infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus may enhance or hasten the di ... | 1998 | 9686385 |
| an epidemiological and economic simulation model to evaluate the spread and control of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in the netherlands. | bovine herpesvirus type i (bhv1), causing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), was introduced in the netherlands in 1971. in 1993, about 42% of the dairy cows had antibodies against bhv1. in the future, stricter requirements are anticipated regarding the health status of exported breeding cows and material. to support policymakers in their decisions on ibr eradication, a simulation model was developed in which the epidemiological and economic consequences of various control strategies were e ... | 1998 | 9785377 |
| effect of vaccine-induced immune activation on the performance of early-weaned pigs. | two groups of 96 pigs were studied to determine the influence of weaning age, nursery site and a challenge to their immune system on their performance. the weaning ages were 11 to 16 days and 16 to 21 days. one nursery was on-site and the second nursery was off-site. immune activation was stimulated by the administration of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibr) vaccine to half of the pigs at each site. serum virus neutralisation titres to ibr and total immunoglobulins were monitored in s ... | 1998 | 9795401 |
| comparative molecular epidemiological investigation on different bovine herpes viruses. | eight bulgarian bovine herpes viruses, two hungarian herpes viruses 1a, 3a, calves isolate named mramor, buffalo isolate 723 and two referents bhv 1 strains were investigated by restrictase fragment pattern analysis. migration profile of viral dna by using different restrictase enzymes hpa i, bamh i and hind iii were compared. clearly differences among two hungarian strains, calves isolate mramor, buffalo isolate 723 and 8 bulgarian and two referents bhv 1 strain was observed. the strain sartze ... | 1998 | 9775356 |
| inactivation of viruses by beta-propiolactone in human cryo poor plasma and igg concentrates. | virus inactivation by cold treatment with beta-propiolactone (bpl) was investigated in human cryo poor plasma and purified igg concentrates spiked with relevant human viruses or appropriate animal model viruses. the samples were treated with 0.1 or 0.25% bpl for 300 or 480 min, respectively. residual infectivity was determined by standard microtitration assays on tissue culture cells. the inactivation of all viruses tested was more effective in igg than in plasma. igg: r1=4-5.5 log10 for vesicul ... | 1998 | 9811521 |
| novel entry pathway of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5. | herpesviruses enter cells by a yet poorly understood mechanism. we visualized the crucial steps of the entry pathway of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) and bhv-5 by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, employing cryotechniques that include time monitoring, ultrarapid freezing, and freeze substitution of cultured cells inoculated with virus. a key step in the entry pathway of both bhv-1 and bhv-5 is a unique fusion of the outer phospholipid layer of the viral envelope with the inner layer ... | 1998 | 9811689 |
| the ectodomain of a novel member of the immunoglobulin subfamily related to the poliovirus receptor has the attributes of a bona fide receptor for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in human cells. | we report on the functional cloning of a hitherto unknown member of the immunoglobulin (ig) superfamily selected for its ability to confer susceptibility to herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection on a highly resistant cell line (j1.1-2 cells), derived by exposure of bhktk- cells to a recombinant hsv-1 expressing tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha). the sequence of herpesvirus ig-like receptor (higr) predicts a transmembrane protein with an ectodomain consisting of three cysteine-bracketed doma ... | 1998 | 9811737 |
| the prevalence of antibody to the viruses of bovine virus diarrhoea, bovine herpes virus 1, rift valley fever, ephemeral fever and bluetongue and to leptospira sp in free-ranging wildlife in zimbabwe. | the prevalence of antibody to the viruses of bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd), bovine herpes virus typel (bhv1), rift valley fever (rvf), bovine ephemeral fever (bef) and bluetongue (bt) and to leptospira sp. was determined in wildlife populations in zimbabwe. evidence of infection with bvd virus was found in 14 of the 16 species examined but was greatest in eland taurotragus oryx, nyala tragelaphus angasi and bushbuck tragelaphus scriptus. persistent infection with bvd virus was found in 1 of 303 a ... | 1998 | 9825798 |
| [immunobiology of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections]. | this paper describes recent findings on the immunobiology of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infections. the pathobiology of alveolar macrophages and brsv, and the immunological reaction of cattle to the virus after natural or experimental infection, or vaccination, were studied. because in severe cases brsv infection leads to lower respiratory tract disease, replication of brsv in alveolar macrophages was studied. alveolar macrophages, which are important aspecific defense cells in th ... | 1998 | 9836385 |
| expression and cellular distribution of baculovirus-expressed bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein d (gd) sequences. | glycoprotein d (gd) of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), a homolog of herpes simplex virus gd, represents a major component of the viral envelope and is a dominant immunogen. to study the antigenic properties of the different regions of gd, we have expressed the full-length gd encoding gene and overlapping fragments spanning various regions of the gd open reading frame in a baculovirus (autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus)--insect cell (spodoptera frugiperda, sf-9) system. maximum leve ... | 1998 | 9856100 |
| induction of immunity in the respiratory tract and protection from bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection by different routes of immunization with recombinant adenovirus. | to investigate the capability of different routes of immunization with replication-competent recombinant adenovirus to induce antigen-specific antibody responses, we immunized cotton rats with a human adenovirus type 5 (had5) vector expressing the glycoprotein d (gd) of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) (gd-de3). different routes of mucosal and systemic immunization (intraduodenal-oral, intraduodenal, intranasal and intradermal) with gd-de3 stimulated similar levels of gd-specific igg in the ser ... | 1998 | 9765030 |
| adaptive conjoint analysis to determine perceived risk factors of farmers, veterinarians and ai technicians for introduction of bhv1 to dairy farms. | a study was carried out to determine the possibility of a more-closed farming system for (dutch) dairy farms. the objective of the study was to provide effective and economically profitable management advice for improving the animal-health status of farms. management measures will only be successfully applied if supported by farmers and their advisors (such as veterinarians). therefore, the perception of farmers and advisors of the importance of various risk factors for the introduction of disea ... | 1998 | 9879584 |
| compatibility of plasmids expressing different antigens in a single dna vaccine formulation. | one anticipated advantage of dna immunization is the potential to create multivalent vaccines. we have examined the effects of mixing plasmids into single formulations using plasmids expressing four different membrane bound glycoproteins from bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine parainfluenzavirus-3 (bpi3) and human influenza virus (hinf). plasmids were delivered by intradermal injection into the tails of mice and the types of responses generated were clearly affected by the expressed antigen. p ... | 1998 | 9880010 |
| seroepidemiology of undifferentiated fever in feedlot calves in western canada. | the relationships between 4 bacterial and 3 viral antibody titers and morbidity (undifferentiated fever (uf)) and mortality were investigated in recently weaned beef calves. blood samples from 100 animals that required treatment for uf (cases) and 100 healthy control animals (controls) were obtained: upon arrival at the feedlot (arrival), at the time of selection as a case or control (selection), and at approximately 33 d of the feeding period (convalescent). seroconversion to pasteurella haemol ... | 1999 | 9919366 |
| construction and characterization of e3-deleted bovine adenovirus type 3 expressing full-length and truncated form of bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein gd. | using the homologous recombination machinery of e. coli, a 1.245-kb deletion was introduced in the e3 region of bovine adenovirus 3 (bav3) genomic dna cloned in a plasmid. transfection of the restriction enzyme-excised, linear e3-deleted bav3 genomic dna into primary fetal bovine retina cells produced infectious virus (bav3. e3d), suggesting that all the e3-specific open reading frames are nonessential for virus replication in vitro. using a similar approach, we constructed replication-competent ... | 1998 | 9770436 |
| cellular expression of bovine herpesvirus 1 gd inhibits cell-to-cell spread of two closely related viruses without blocking their primary infection. | alphaherpesviral glycoprotein d (gd) is a critical component of the cell membrane penetration system. cells that express gd of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1), pseudorabies virus (prv), or bovine herpesvirus type 1.1 (bhv1.1) resist infection by the homologous virus due to interference with viral entry at the level of penetration. bhv1.1 gd interferes with the distantly related viruses hsv1 and prv despite only a 30-40% sequence similarity and the complete absence of antigenic cross-reactivit ... | 1999 | 9927571 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1 requires glycoprotein h for infectivity and direct spreading and glycoproteins gh(w450) and gb for glycoprotein d-independent cell-to-cell spread. | by analogy with glycoprotein h (gh) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and pseudorabies virus (prv), gh may also be essential for penetration and cell-to-cell spread of bovine herpes-virus 1 (bhv-1). this was verified with a gh-negative bhv-1 mutant (gh-bhv-1), which replicated normally on gh-expressing cells but was unable to form plaques and infectious progeny on non-complementing cells. the block in entry could be overcome by polyethylene glycol-induced membrane fusion, demonstrating that ... | 1999 | 9934684 |
| a chimeric protein comprised of bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein d and bovine interleukin-6 is secreted by yeast and possesses biological activities of both molecules. | bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein d (gd) engenders mucosal and systemic immunity and protects cattle from viral infection. chimerization of cytokines with gd is being explored to confer intrinsic adjuvanticity on gd. addition of the appropriate cytokine may convert gd into an antigen that specifically engenders protective mucosal immunity. here dna coding for the mature bovine interleukin-6 (il-6) protein was fused through a synthetic glycine linker to the 3' end of dna coding for t ... | 1999 | 9987163 |
| production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine interleukin-4. | genetic immunisation is a simple method for producing polyclonal antibodies in mice. by this method, we produced antibodies against bovine interleukin-4 (boil-4). after a final injection with a recombinant boil-4 protein, nine stable hybridoma cell lines were established which secreted monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against this cytokine. specific binding of each of the mabs to recombinant boil-4 produced by escherichia coli, baculovirus, and trypanosoma brucei was demonstrated in an indirect elis ... | 1998 | 9860184 |
| identification of murine cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitopes of bovine herpesvirus 1. | major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules present endogenously derived viral peptides to cd8+ cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (ctls). the objective of this study was to identify the h-2dd- and h-2kd-restricted ctl epitopes of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), based on the allele-specific peptide motifs (aspms) of the above class i molecules. nine sequences conforming to the h-2dd and h-2kd aspms were identified on bhv-1 proteins, and the respective peptides were synthesized. five of these pep ... | 1999 | 10067674 |
| the effect of pre-existing adenovirus-specific immunity on immune responses induced by recombinant adenovirus expressing glycoprotein d of bovine herpesvirus type 1. | we investigated whether pre-existing adenovirus-specific immunity influenced the development of immunity to a foreign antigen expressed by recombinant adenovirus. active adenovirus-specific immunity was induced in cotton rats by i.n. administration of wild type human adenovirus type 5 (had5) two weeks before immunisation with a had5 vector expressing the glycoprotein d (gd) of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (gd-de3 recombinant adenovirus). active adenovirus-specific immunity inhibited gd-specific imm ... | 1999 | 10067700 |
| glycoprotein gl-independent infectivity of pseudorabies virus is mediated by a gd-gh fusion protein. | envelope glycoproteins gh and gl, which form a complex, are conserved throughout the family herpesviridae. the gh-gl complex is essential for the fusion between the virion envelope and the cellular cytoplasmic membrane during penetration and is also required for direct viral cell-to-cell spread from infected to adjacent noninfected cells. it has been proposed for several herpesviruses that gl is required for proper folding, intracellular transport, and virion localization of gh. in pseudorabies ... | 1999 | 10074151 |
| reintroduction of bovine herpes virus type 1 into danish cattle herds during the period 1991-1995: a review of the investigations in the infected herds. | in denmark a programme for the systematic eradication of bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1) was completed during the years 1984 to 1991, but outbreaks due to new introductions of bhv-1 were seen. between january 1991 and may 1994, 22 herds became infected with bhv-1, all located closely to the german border. in 1995, 61 herds were detected bhv-1 antibody positive, but they were situated in many different parts of denmark. in order to find the source of infection owners of infected herds were intervie ... | 1998 | 9926454 |
| evaluation of the effects of different trypsin treatments on semen quality after bhv-1 inactivation, and a comparison of the results before and after freezing, assessed by a computer image analyzer. | semen infected experimentally with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (bhv-1) was treated with trypsin at concentrations of 0.30%, 0.25% and 0.15%, with or without (w or w/o) trypsin inhibitor in order to render the semen virus free. the trypsin treatments (at 0.30% and 0.25% by concentration) inactivating the virus up to 10(4) tcid50/ml, and its effects on semen quality were assessed weekly from the 1st to 20th week after being frozen. the following parameters were determined using a compu ... | 1999 | 10090565 |
| a high sensitivity-nested pcr assay for bhv-1 detection in semen of naturally infected bulls. | several different pcr protocols for the detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) in bovine semen, are available in the literature. most of them are rather laborious and the majority were performed on laboratory samples, artificially contaminated semen or semen provided from experimentally inoculated animals. furthermore, to obtain higher levels of sensitivity, additional dot-blot procedures are frequently necessary. we describe the detection of bhv-1 in bovine semen and the supernatant of cell ... | 1998 | 9810617 |
| encephalitis induced by bovine herpesvirus 5 and protection by prior vaccination or infection with bovine herpesvirus 1. | calves were intranasally challenged with bovine herpesvirus 5 (bhv5) and followed for the development of viral infection, clinical encephalitis, histologic lesions in the brain, and viral sequences in the trigeminal ganglia. calves that were previously vaccinated with bovine herepesvirus 1 (bhv1, n = 4) or previously infected with bhv1 (n = 5) or that had not been exposed to either virus (n = 4) were compared. no calf developed signs of encephalitis, although all calves developed an infection as ... | 1999 | 10098684 |
| strains of bovine herpesvirus 1 that do not express an epitope on glycoprotein e in cell culture still induce antibodies that can be detected in a ge-blocking elisa. | two bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) field strains that do not express an epitope on glycoprotein e (ge) in cell culture were inoculated into calves to examine whether their sera became positive in a ge-blocking elisa that detects antibodies against ge. this ge-blocking elisa uses one monoclonal antibody that is directed against the above mentioned epitope. all calves, except one, infected with these ge-epitope negative bhv1 strains, became positive in this ge-blocking elisa, about two weeks later th ... | 1999 | 10078594 |
| cellular elongation factor 1delta is modified in cells infected with representative alpha-, beta-, or gammaherpesviruses. | earlier reports (y. kawaguchi, r. bruni, and b. roizman, j. virol. 71:1019-1024, 1997; y. kawaguchi, c. van sant, and b. roizman, j. virol. 72:1731-1736, 1998) showed that herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) infection causes the hyperphosphorylation of translation elongation factor 1delta (ef-1delta) and that the modification of ef-1delta is the consequence of direct phosphorylation by a viral protein kinase encoded by the ul13 gene of hsv-1. the ul13 gene is conserved in members of all herpesvirus s ... | 1999 | 10196346 |
| studies of genetic relationships between bovine, caprine, cervine, and rangiferine alphaherpesviruses and improved molecular methods for virus detection and identification. | the glycoprotein b (gb) and d (gd) genes from five ruminant alphaherpesviruses, bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovine herpesvirus 5 (bhv-5), caprine herpesvirus 1 (caphv-1), cervine herpesvirus 1, and rangiferine herpesvirus 1, were partially sequenced. the nucleotide sequence alignments revealed a highly conserved gb gene, with homologies ranging between 87.2 and 99.6%, and a more variable gd gene, with homologies ranging between 71.3 and 98.9%. the phylogenetic analysis of the gb and gd nucleot ... | 1999 | 10203465 |
| cloning and expression of bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein c. | glycoprotein c (gc) of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) is expressed at high levels on surface of infected cells and on virus envelope. it is relatively immunodominant in antibody response to bhv-1 infection and protective in immunized bovines against bhv-1 challenge. in an attempt to express gc in mammalian cells, the 2.4 kb bamhi-ecori fragment, containing complete coding sequence of the gc gene was excised from a recombinant plasmid and cloned under the control of rsv-ltr. the resultant plasmid p ... | 1999 | 10205673 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1-induced apoptotic cell death: role of glycoprotein d. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) induces apoptotic cell death in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in bovine b lymphoma (bl-3) cells. attachment but not penetration of bhv-1 is necessary to induce apoptosis in target cells, suggesting that one or more bhv-1 envelope glycoproteins could be involved in the activation of the apoptotic process. in the present study, we demonstrate that, although bhv-1 virions devoid of glycoprotein d (bhv-1 gd-/-) still bind to bl-3 cells, they are no longer able t ... | 1999 | 10208932 |
| a specific pcr to differentiate between ge negative vaccine and wildtype bovine herpesvirus type 1 strains. | in the context of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) control programmes using glycoprotein e (ge) deleted marker vaccines, a pcr assay was developed to allow the genotypic differentiation between wildtype bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bohv-1) and ge negative strains. this assay is based on the pcr amplification of a 281 bp dna fragment within the ge gene. the specificity of the amplification was confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis and nucleotide sequencing of the pcr product. its ab ... | 1999 | 10227121 |
| airborne transmission of bhv1, brsv, and bvdv among cattle is possible under experimental conditions. | to control the diseases caused by bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), it is crucial to know their modes of transmission. the purpose of this study was to determine whether these viruses can be transmitted by air to a substantial extent. calves were housed in two separate isolation stables in which a unidirectional airflow was maintained through a tube in the wall. in one stable, three of the five calves were experimenta ... | 1999 | 10227122 |
| construction and characterization of a glycoprotein e gene-deleted bovine herpesvirus type 1 recombinant. | to construct and characterize a recombinant glycoprotein (g)e gene-deleted bovine herpesvirus (bhv) type 1 (bhv-1). | 1999 | 10048557 |
| susceptibility of bovine antigen-presenting cells to infection by bovine herpesvirus 1 and in vitro presentation to t cells: two independent events. | the aim of the present study was to develop an in vitro system for presentation of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) antigens to bovine t lymphocytes and to characterize the antigen-presenting cells (apc) which efficiently activate cd4(+) t cells. two approaches were used to monitor the infection of apc by bhv-1 as follows: (i) detection of viral glycoproteins at the cell surface by immunofluorescence staining and (ii) detection of ul26 transcripts by reverse transcription-pcr. the monocytes were inf ... | 1999 | 10233945 |
| antigen-specific in vitro activation of t-lymphocyte subsets of cattle immunized with a modified live bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine. | bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cattle immunized with a modified live virus bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) vaccine and from bhv1-negative cattle were incubated in vitro with inactivated bhv1 for 6 days. activation of t-lymphocyte subsets was measured by two-color flow cytometric analysis of t-cell phenotype and surface expression of cd25, the alpha-subunit of the high-affinity interleukin-2 receptor. vaccinated animals, but not unvaccinated animals, had cd3+, cd4+, and gamma-delta t ... | 1999 | 10333238 |
| immunization of neonates with dna encoding a bovine herpesvirus glycoprotein is effective in the presence of maternal antibodies. | neonates generally display low immune responsiveness to conventional vaccines, which may be due to the immaturity of their immune system and interference by maternal antibodies. because of the unique capacity of plasmid dna for the production of low doses of antigen over extended periods of time, we used dna immunization as an approach to induce immunity in neonates. previously, we demonstrated that a plasmid encoding a truncated secreted version of bovine herpesvirus-1 gd (tgd) induces protecti ... | 1999 | 10333244 |
| serological survey of viral antibodies in llamas (lama glama) in argentina. | this study analysed sera from 390 llamas (lama glama) from nine farms located in three different argentine provinces: buenos aires, cordoba and jujuy. the samples were tested for antibodies against 8 virus known to infect cattle: bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine adenovirus (badv iii), bovine enterovirus (bev), bovine rotavirus (brv), bluetongue virus (btv), bovine leukaemia virus (blv), and foot-and-mouth virus (fmdv) by conventional methods such as s ... | 1999 | 10337237 |
| [apoptosis induced by bovine herpesvirus 1]. | the mechanism by which bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) induces apoptic cell death is not fully understood. attachment but not penetration of bhv-1 is necessary to induce apoptosis in target cells suggesting that one or more bhv-1 envelope glycoprotein(s) could be involved in the activation of the apoptotic process. in this context, we show that bhv-1 virions devoid of glycoprotein d (gd) are no longer able to induce apoptosis. in contrast, virions which contain gd in the viral envelope but do not g ... | 1998 | 10230108 |
| antibody response to glycoprotein e after bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection in passively immunised, glycoprotein e-negative calves. | this study was conducted to determine whether young calves with maternal antibodies against bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) but without antibodies against glycoprotein e (ge) can produce an active antibody response to ge after a bhv-1 infection. five calves received at birth colostrum from ge-seronegative cows which had been vaccinated two or three times with an inactivated bhv-1, ge-deleted marker vaccine. after inoculation with a wild-type virulent strain of bhv-1, all the passively immunise ... | 1999 | 10097325 |
| mucosal immunization of calves with recombinant bovine adenovirus-3: induction of protective immunity to bovine herpesvirus-1. | to determine the potential of replication-competent (e3-deleted) bovine adenovirus-3 (bav-3) as a delivery system for vaccine antigens in calves, we evaluated the ability of recombinant bav-3 expressing different forms of of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein gd to protect against bhv-1 infection in calves that had pre-existing bav-3 specific antibodies. three- to four-month-old calves, vaccinated intranasally with recombinant bav-3 expressing full-length gd (bav3.e3gd) or a truncated ver ... | 1999 | 10355773 |
| bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein c expression in mdbk cells and its reactivity in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | glycoprotein c (gc) of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) is a major viral glycoprotein expressed at high level on the surface of infected cells and on the virion envelope. this glycoprotein is also a major target of immune response at both humoral and cellular levels. the plasmid prsv-gc having complete coding gene for bhv-1 gc was transfected into mdbk cells and the expression of gc in these cells was detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds- ... | 1998 | 10358746 |
| activation of caspases and p53 by bovine herpesvirus 1 infection results in programmed cell death and efficient virus release. | programmed cell death (pcd), or apoptosis, is initiated in response to various stimuli, including virus infection. bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) induces pcd in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at the g0/g1 phase of the cell cycle (e. hanon, s. hoornaert, f. dequiedt, a. vanderplasschen, j. lyaku, l. willems, and p.-p. pastoret, virology 232:351-358, 1997). however, penetration of virus particles is not required for pcd (e. hanon, g. meyer, a. vanderplasschen, c. dessy-doize, e. thiry, and p. p. ... | 1999 | 10196272 |
| epitopes on glycoprotein c of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) that allow differentiation between bhv-1.1 and bhv-1.2 strains. | in cattle, bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) can cause a mild genital disease known as infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (ipv) and a more severe respiratory disease known as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr). on the basis of epidemiological data, it has been proposed that these diseases are caused by strains with different genotypes (ibr by bhv-1.1 and ipv by bhv-1.2 strains). by using a panel of 237 bhv-1 isolates, a monoclonal antibody (mab 71) was found that failed to react with all 54 puta ... | 1999 | 10374966 |
| characterization of promoters integrated in the genome of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). | bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) has been used as a vector of live recombinant vaccines for cattle which express the genes of other pathogens. because of the importance of the choice of the promoter which allows the efficient expression of the foreign genes in the bhv-1 vector, we compared the relative efficacy of various promoters integrated in the bhv-1 genome. the promoter sequences of the bhv-1 thymidine kinase (tk), gb, gc, sv40 early, and pseudorabies virus (prv) immediate early (ie) genes wer ... | 1999 | 10379933 |
| improved detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in artificially infected bovine semen by protein amplification. | infection with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv 1) occurs worldwide and causes serious economic losses due to loss of animals, abortions, decreased milk production, and loss of body weight. there is a real need for sensitive diagnostic procedures for detection of the presence of virus in order to achieve effective control of bhv 1-induced diseases. bhv 1 is frequently found in bovine semen and can be widely transmitted through artificial insemination. thus the detection of bhv 1 in artificial inseminat ... | 1999 | 10381088 |
| bovine herpes virus expressing envelope protein (e2) of bovine viral diarrhea virus as a vaccine candidate. | the gene encoding the envelope protein (e2) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was expressed under the thymidine kinase (tk) promoter of korean bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) isolate. thymidine kinase negative (tk-) bhv-1 recombinants expressing e2 of bvdv were constructed and the expression of e2 was identified by immunofluorescence and western blotting. compared to wild type bhv-1, the recombinant bhv-1 had a delayed cytopathogenic effect in cells. the immunogenicity of the recombinant bhv-1 ... | 1999 | 10342291 |
| detection of bhv-1 in a naturally infected bovine fetus by a nested pcr assay. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is frequently associated with abortion in naturally and experimentally infected cattle. most of the virus isolation and immunofluorescent antibody protocols described in the literature for detecting bhv-1 in bovine foetuses are rather laborious, costly and time-consuming. the detection is described of bhv-1 in the tissues of a naturally aborted bovine foetus by a nested pcr assay with no further hybridization procedures. optimal results were achieved by filtering the ... | 1999 | 10359157 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a ge, gg and us2 gene-deleted bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) vaccine. | the efficacy and safety of a gene-deleted bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) vaccine was determined in a bovine herpesvirus challenge trial in calves. three different doses of the vaccine were administered intramuscularly at 10(5), 10(6) and 10(7) pfu/ml and compared to a commercial vaccine and non vaccinated control calves. challenge was performed by intranasal aerosolization with the cooper strain of bhv-1 (3 x 10(4) pfu/ml). the non-vaccinated calves shed significantly (p < 0.05) more virus than al ... | 1999 | 10403598 |
| detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 in blood from naturally infected cattle by using a sensitive pcr that discriminates between wild-type virus and virus lacking glycoprotein e. | in the present study, we report for the first time on the detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) in whole-blood samples derived from naturally infected cattle. sensitive pcr assays specific for glycoprotein b (gb), gc, and ge of bhv-1 allow the detection of one bhv-1 dna copy in 10(5) to 10(7) peripheral blood leukocytes (pbls). the incidence of bhv-1-positive pbls in naturally infected cattle appears to be quite high (92.2% positive pbls among all samples tested), although in most cases ... | 1999 | 10405392 |
| antigen-specific cytokine and antibody isotype profiles induced by mucosal and systemic immunization with recombinant adenoviruses. | we investigated antigen-specific antibody and t-cell responses in mice immunized with human adenovirus type 5 (had5) vectors expressing either the authentic or truncated form of glycoprotein d (gd and tgd, respectively) of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1). we also tested whether different routes of immunization influenced the level and type of immunity. immunization intranasally (i.n.) stimulated higher levels of gd-specific iga in the lung and nasal washes and induced a higher frequency of gd- ... | 1999 | 10413357 |
| bovine lymphocyte antigen-a11--specific peptide motif as a means to identify cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitopes of bovine herpesvirus 1. | major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules present 8- to 10-mer viral peptides to antiviral cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls). identification of the allele-specific peptide motifs (aspms) of class i molecules enables the prediction of potential ctl epitopes of a virus from its protein sequences. based on the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) protein sequences that conform to the bola-a11 aspm that we identified previously, potential ctl epitopes of bhv-1 were synthesized for use in cytotox ... | 1999 | 10413361 |
| health status of bulls used for natural breeding on farms in south west scotland. | one hundred and nine breeding bulls were examined during the period november 1992 to june 1993 on farms in south west scotland for evidence of infectious diseases associated with breeding. preputial washings were collected to screen for campylobacter fetus venerialis, together with serial blood samples to assess their seroprevalence to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1), leptospira hardjo and bovine herpes virus-4 (bhv-4). the possible impact of natural mating on ... | 1999 | 10416365 |
| bhv-1 infections in styria (austria) caused by intra-community trade. | the present paper describes the prevalence of bhv-1 (bovine herpes virus 1) infections in the austrian province of styria from 1990 to 1997 and the corresponding eradication programme. based on the description of bhv-1 infections on seven holdings caused by intra-community trade, the additional guarantees granted under directive 64/432/eec (cec, 1964) are discussed and measures for improved protection of bhv-1-free regions suggested. | 1999 | 10422369 |
| modeling the effect of an outbreak of bovine herpesvirus type 1 on herd-level milk production of dutch dairy farms. | one of the impacts of disease is its effect on milk production. in the present study the effect of an outbreak of bovine herpesvirus type 1 on milk production at the herd level of certified bovine herpesvirus type 1-free dairy farms was modeled. the objective was to study several linear models to quantify the effects of a bovine herpesvirus type 1 outbreak on milk production accounting for the repeated measurements and incorporating our assumptions about the most likely duration of effects of th ... | 1999 | 10342232 |
| growth behavior of bovine herpesvirus-1 in permissive and semi-permissive cells. | bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) can replicate well in bovine-derived cell lines such as madin darby bovine kidney (mdbk) but grows poorly in hamster lung (hmlu-1). virus replication, dna synthesis, and immediate-early gene expression are severely restricted in hmlu-1. we compared adsorption and penetration of bhv-1 in permissive mdbk and semi-permissive hmlu-1 cells. at a low multiplicity of infection, bhv-1 attached to permissive mdbk cells twice as much as to hmlu-1. the presence of heparin inhib ... | 1999 | 10426207 |
| transcription map and expression of bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein d in early region 4 of bovine adenovirus-3. | early region 4 (e4) of bovine adenovirus type 3 (bav-3) was analyzed by northern blotting, rt-pcr analysis, cdna sequencing, and s1 nuclease protection assays. the transcriptional map of the e4 region of bav-3 has marked dissimilarities from those of mouse adenovirus-1, ovine adenovirus-287, and human adenovirus-2, for which the transcriptional maps have been constructed. the e4 region of bav-3, located between 98.6 and 89.8 mu transcribes seven distinct classes of bovine adenovirus type 3 mrna. ... | 1999 | 10441562 |
| bhv-1: new molecular approaches to control a common and widespread infection. | herpesviruses are widespread viruses, causing severe infections in both humans and animals. eradication of herpesviruses is extremely difficult because of their ability to establish latent and life-long infections. however, latency is only one tool that has evolved in herpesviruses to successfully infect their hosts; such viruses display a wide (and still incompletely known) panoply of genes and proteins that are able to counteract immune responses of their hosts. envelope glycoproteins and cyto ... | 1999 | 10390543 |
| the first immunoglobulin-like domain of hvec is sufficient to bind herpes simplex virus gd with full affinity, while the third domain is involved in oligomerization of hvec. | the human herpesvirus entry mediator c (hvec/prr1) is a member of the immunoglobulin family used as a cellular receptor by the alphaherpesviruses herpes simplex virus (hsv), pseudorabies virus, and bovine herpesvirus type 1. we previously demonstrated direct binding of the purified hvec ectodomain to purified hsv type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 glycoprotein d (gd). here, using a baculovirus expression system, we constructed and purified truncated forms of the receptor containing one [hvec(143t)], two [ ... | 1999 | 10482562 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1 can infect cd4(+) t lymphocytes and induce programmed cell death during acute infection of cattle. | acute infection of cattle with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) represses cell-mediated immunity, which can lead to secondary bacterial infections. since bhv-1 can induce apoptosis of cultured lymphocytes, we hypothesized that these virus-host interactions occur in cattle. to test this hypothesis, we analyzed lymph nodes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) after calves were infected with bhv-1. in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dutp nick end-labeling (tunel) staining of ... | 1999 | 10482619 |
| evaluation of an immunofluorescent antibody test to detect bovine herpesvirus 1-specific igm. | an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (iifat) was developed to detect bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1)-specific igm. all sera were treated with protein-g agarose prior to testing to eliminate the possibility of false-positive results due to igm-isotype rheumatoid factor (igm-rf). specific igm was first detected 8 days after experimental infection of 3 calves free of maternally derived antibody, with peak responses occurring 2-7 days later. seroconversion was detected in all 3 calves using a si ... | 1999 | 10424647 |