| early history of laboratory breeding of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) focusing on the origins and use of selected strains. | the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae), is well recognized for its extensive adaptation to diverse ecological conditions and for genetic variation. recognizing the importance of strain variation of this mosquito, researchers have established a large number of laboratory strains. some of the popular strains have been used for research for years in many laboratories around the world. however, the exact origins of many of these strains are unknown. in this review, public ... | 2010 | 21175042 |
| biochemical evidence of efficacy of potash alum for the control of dengue vector aedes aegypti (linnaeus). | aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, yellow fever and chikungunya in india and other south east asian countries, and novel insecticides for vector control are urgently needed. in the present investigation, efficacy of potash alum, a traditionally known double salt in indian and chinese medicine system, was tested against the larvae of dengue vector, a. aegypti. lc(50,) lc(90) and lc(99) values were recorded for various instar larvae where i instar larvae were found to be the most susce ... | 2010 | 21188602 |
| spatial mapping of gene expression in the salivary glands of the dengue vector mosquito, aedes aegypti. | aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the main vectors of dengue viruses to humans. understanding their biology and interactions with the pathogen are prerequisites for development of dengue transmission control strategies. mosquito salivary glands are organs involved directly in pathogen transmission to vertebrate hosts. information on the spatial distribution of gene expression in these organs is expected to assist in the development of novel disease control strategies, including those that entail the ... | 2011 | 21205315 |
| field efficacy of new larvicide products for control of multi-resistant aedes aegypti populations in martinique (french west indies). | world-wide dengue vector control is hampered by the spread of insecticide resistance in aedes aegypti. we report the resistance status of a wild ae. aegypti population from martinique (vauclin) to conventional larvicides (bacillus thuringiensis var israeliensis [bti] and temephos) and potential alternatives (spinosad, diflubenzuron, and pyriproxyfen). the efficacy and residual activity of these insecticides were evaluated under simulated and field conditions. the vauclin strain exhibited a high ... | 2011 | 21212213 |
| quantitative genetics of aedes aegypti vector competence for dengue viruses: towards a new paradigm? | similar to many other host-pathogen interactions, the vector competence of aedes aegypti for dengue viruses appears to be determined by genotype-by-genotype interactions, whereby the outcome of infection depends on the specific combination of mosquito and virus genotypes. this can complicate efforts to dissect the genetic basis of vector competence in nature because it obscures mapping between genotype and phenotype and brings into question the notion of universal mosquito resistance or suscepti ... | 2011 | 21215699 |
| assessing key safety concerns of a wolbachia-based strategy to control dengue transmission by aedes mosquitoes. | mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue fever, chikungunya or malaria affect millions of people each year and control solutions are urgently needed. an international research program is currently being developed that relies on the introduction of the bacterial endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis into aedes aegypti to control dengue transmission. in order to prepare for open-field testing releases of wolbachia-infected mosquitoes, an intensive social research and community engagement program was unde ... | 2010 | 21225190 |
| worldwide patterns of genetic differentiation imply multiple 'domestications' of aedes aegypti, a major vector of human diseases. | understanding the processes by which species colonize and adapt to human habitats is particularly important in the case of disease-vectoring arthropods. the mosquito species aedes aegypti, a major vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses, probably originated as a wild, zoophilic species in sub-saharan africa, where some populations still breed in tree holes in forested habitats. many populations of the species, however, have evolved to thrive in human habitats and to bite humans. this includes ... | 2011 | 21227970 |
| induction of a peptide with activity against a broad spectrum of pathogens in the aedes aegypti salivary gland, following infection with dengue virus. | the ultimate stage of the transmission of dengue virus (denv) to man is strongly dependent on crosstalk between the virus and the immune system of its vector aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti). infection of the mosquito's salivary glands by denv is the final step prior to viral transmission. therefore, in the present study, we have determined the modulatory effects of denv infection on the immune response in this organ by carrying out a functional genomic analysis of uninfected salivary glands and sali ... | 2011 | 21249175 |
| the combination of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae with the insecticide imidacloprid increases virulence against the dengue vector aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | dengue fever transmitted by the mosquito aedes aegypti, is one of the most rapidly spreading insect borne diseases, stimulating the search for alternatives to current control measures. the dengue vector a. aegypti has received less attention than anophelene species, although more than 2.5 billion people are at risk of infection worldwide. entomopathogenic fungi are emerging as potential candidates for the control of mosquitoes. here we continue our studies on the pathogenicity of the entomopatho ... | 2011 | 21266078 |
| rna-seq analyses of blood-induced changes in gene expression in the mosquito vector species, aedes aegypti. | hematophagy is a common trait of insect vectors of disease. extensive genome-wide transcriptional changes occur in mosquitoes after blood meals, and these are related to digestive and reproductive processes, among others. studies of these changes are expected to reveal molecular targets for novel vector control and pathogen transmission-blocking strategies. the mosquito aedes aegypti (diptera, culicidae), a vector of dengue viruses, yellow fever virus (yfv) and chikungunya virus (cv), is the sub ... | 2011 | 21276245 |
| replication of the primary dog kidney-53 dengue 2 virus vaccine candidate in aedes aegypti is modulated by a mutation in the 5' untranslated region and amino acid substitutions in nonstructural proteins 1 and 3. | previous studies have demonstrated reduced replication of the cell culture-adapted dengue-2 virus (denv-2) vaccine candidate, primary dog kidney (pdk)-53, compared with the parental denv-2 strain, 16681, in c6/36 cells. various denv-2 mutants incorporating pdk-53 substitutions singly and in combination into the 16681 genetic backbone were used to identify the genetic basis for impaired replication of the vaccine candidate in vitro in aedes aegypti cell culture (aag2 cells) as well as the reduced ... | 2011 | 21284523 |
| initial assessment of the acceptability of a push-pull aedes aegypti control strategy in iquitos, peru and kanchanaburi, thailand. | as part of a larger research program evaluating chemical threshold levels for a push-pull intervention to reduce man-vector (aedes aegypti) contact, this qualitative study explored local perceptions and strategies associated with mosquito control within dengue-endemic communities in peru and thailand. focus groups were used to provide preliminary information that would identify possible public acceptance issues to the push-pull strategy in each site. nine focus group discussions (total of 102 in ... | 2011 | 21292886 |
| estimating the magnitude and direction of altered arbovirus transmission due to viral phenotype. | vectorial capacity is a measure of the transmission potential of a vector borne pathogen within a susceptible population. vector competence, a component of the vectorial capacity equation, is the ability of an arthropod to transmit an infectious agent following exposure to that agent. comparisons of arbovirus strain-specific vector competence estimates have been used to support observed or hypothesized differences in transmission capability. typically, such comparisons are made at a single time ... | 2011 | 21298018 |
| sirna-mediated gene targeting in aedes aegypti embryos reveals that frazzled regulates vector mosquito cns development. | although mosquito genome projects uncovered orthologues of many known developmental regulatory genes, extremely little is known about the development of vector mosquitoes. here, we investigate the role of the netrin receptor frazzled (fra) during embryonic nerve cord development of two vector mosquito species. fra expression is detected in neurons just prior to and during axonogenesis in the embryonic ventral nerve cord of aedes aegypti (dengue vector) and anopheles gambiae (malaria vector). ana ... | 2011 | 21304954 |
| genomic organization and splicing evolution of the doublesex gene, a drosophila regulator of sexual differentiation, in the dengue and yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | in the model system drosophila melanogaster, doublesex (dsx) is the double-switch gene at the bottom of the somatic sex determination cascade that determines the differentiation of sexually dimorphic traits. homologues of dsx are functionally conserved in various dipteran species, including the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. they show a striking conservation of sex-specific regulation, based on alternative splicing, and of the encoded sex-specific proteins, which are transcriptional regulator ... | 2011 | 21310052 |
| [evaluating an information, education and communication (iec) strategy which was adopted for aedes aegypti control in la dorada, colombia]. | estimating the impact of the information, education and communication strategy on aedes aegypti infestation in homes in la dorada, colombia. | 2010 | 21311826 |
| significant increase in travel-associated dengue fever in germany. | increasing numbers of dengue fever (df) cases reflect the increasing travel mobility together with the expanding geographical distribution of the vector aedes aegypti. compared with earlier surveys in germany, higher incidences occur and correlate well with ongoing outbreaks. therefore, we investigated 767 serum samples from 594 returning travellers with suspected df between 2005 and 2010, which where sent from different hospitals in the drainage area frankfurt/main. established diagnostic assay ... | 2011 | 21311908 |
| cocirculation of two dengue virus serotypes in individual and pooled samples of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus larvae. | to detect dengue virus, eggs of aedes sp were collected in the city of belo horizonte, brazil, in 2007. | 2011 | 21340419 |
| transmission of beauveria bassiana from male to female aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | resistance to chemical insecticides plus high morbidity rates have lead to rising interest in fungi as candidates for biocontrol agents of mosquito vectors. in most studies fungal infections have been induced by exposure of mosquitoes to various surfaces treated with conidia. in the present study eight mexican strains of beauveria bassiana were assessed against aedes aegypti by direct exposure of females to 6 × 10(8) conidia ml (-1) on a filter paper, afterwards, the transmission of the least an ... | 2011 | 21352560 |
| the wmelpop strain of wolbachia interferes with dopamine levels in aedes aegypti. | wolbachia is an intracellular bacterium that has been stably transinfected into the mosquito vector of dengue, aedes aegypti. this inherited infection causes a range of metabolic and phenotypic alterations in the mosquito, which might be related to neuronal abnormalities. in order to determine if these alterations were caused by the manipulation of neuroamines by this bacterium, we studied the expression of genes involved in the dopamine biosynthetic pathway and also measured the amount of dopam ... | 2011 | 21356077 |
| mapping protein interactions between dengue virus and its human and insect hosts. | dengue fever is an increasingly significant arthropod-borne viral disease, with at least 50 million cases per year worldwide. as with other viral pathogens, dengue virus is dependent on its host to perform the bulk of functions necessary for viral survival and replication. to be successful, dengue must manipulate host cell biological processes towards its own ends, while avoiding elimination by the immune system. protein-protein interactions between the virus and its host are one avenue through ... | 2011 | 21358811 |
| mosquito infestation and dengue virus infection in aedes aegypti females in schools in merida, mexico. | we determined abundance of aedes aegypti mosquitoes and presence of dengue virus (denv) in females collected from schools in mérida, méxico, during 2008 and 2009. backpack aspiration from 24 schools produced 468 females of ae. aegypti and 1,676 females of another human biter, culex quinquefasciatus. ae. aegypti females were collected most commonly from classrooms followed by offices and bathrooms. of these females, 24.7% were freshly fed. examination of 118 pools of ae. aegypti females (total of ... | 2011 | 21363990 |
| evaluation of the dengue ns1 ag strip-« for detection of dengue virus antigen in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | dengue fever is currently one of the most important mosquito-borne diseases that affect humans. with neither vaccines nor treatment available, prevention of the disease relies heavily on surveillance and control of mosquito vectors. in the present study, we have evaluated and showed the potential use of the dengue ns1 ag strip(-«) for the detection of dengue virus (denv) in aedes aegypti. initial results showed that the sensitivity of the test kit in detecting denv in wild-caught mosquitoes is c ... | 2011 | 21395416 |
| susceptibility of field-collected aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and temephos. | the susceptibility status of field-collected aedes aegypti (l.) from a dengue endemic area to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) and temephos was determined. since august 2007, biweekly ovitrap surveillance (os) was conducted for 12 mo in 2 sites, a & b, in shah alam, selangor. site a was treated with a bti formulation, vectobac® wg at 500 g/ha, from december 2007 - june 2008 while site b was subjected to routine dengue vector control activities conducted by the local municipality. aedes a ... | 2010 | 21399591 |
| dengue infection increases the locomotor activity of aedes aegypti females. | aedes aegypti is the main vector of the virus causing dengue fever, a disease that has increased dramatically in importance in recent decades, affecting many tropical and sub-tropical areas of the globe. it is known that viruses and other parasites can potentially alter vector behavior. we investigated whether infection with dengue virus modifies the behavior of aedes aegypti females with respect to their activity level. | 2011 | 21408119 |
| detection of sequences from a potentially novel strain of cell fusing agent virus in mexican stegomyia (aedes) aegypti mosquitoes. | flaviviruses (fvs) are a very heterogeneous group of viruses that includes viruses capable of infecting insects and/or vertebrates. different human-disease-causing fvs are disseminated by mosquitoes, and therefore, the search for fv in these insects has recently been proposed in order to evaluate their potential transmission in a given community. an entomological survey was carried out in colima (the hyperendemic dengue fever transmission zone in mexico) to collect culicidae in urban and wild ar ... | 2011 | 21409444 |
| blood meal-derived heme decreases ros levels in the midgut of aedes aegypti and allows proliferation of intestinal microbiota. | the presence of bacteria in the midgut of mosquitoes antagonizes infectious agents, such as dengue and plasmodium, acting as a negative factor in the vectorial competence of the mosquito. therefore, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of midgut microbiota could help in the development of new tools to reduce transmission. we hypothesized that toxic reactive oxygen species (ros) generated by epithelial cells control bacterial growth in the midgut of aedes aegypti, the vec ... | 2011 | 21445237 |
| a secure semi-field system for the study of aedes aegypti. | new contained semi-field cages are being developed and used to test novel vector control strategies of dengue and malaria vectors. we herein describe a new quarantine insectary level-2 (qic-2) laboratory and field cages (james cook university mosquito research facility semi-field system; mrf sfs) that are being used to measure the impact of the endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis on populations of aedes aegypti in cairns australia. | 2011 | 21445333 |
| oviposition-altering and ovicidal potentials of five essential oils against female adults of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti l. | the oviposition deterrence and ovicidal potential of five different essential oils, peppermint oil (mentha piperita), basil oil (ocimum basilicum), rosemary oil (rosemarinus officinalis), citronella oil (cymbopogon nardus), and celery seed oil (apium graveolens), were assessed against female adults of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti l. multiple concentration tests were carried out where cups containing 1 ml of different concentrations (100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%) of the oils and 199 ml of water were u ... | 2011 | 21445613 |
| fitness costs of resistance to bti toxins in the dengue vector aedes aegypti. | sustainable insect vector disease control strategies involve delaying the evolution of resistance to insecticides in natural populations. the evolutionary dynamics of resistance in the field is highly dependent on the fitness cost of resistance alleles. to successfully manage resistance evolution in target species, it is not only important to find evidence of fitness cost in resistant insects, but also to determine at which stage of the insect's life it is expressed. here, we show that resistanc ... | 2011 | 21461926 |
| laboratory evaluation of the response of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus uninfected and infected with dengue virus to deet. | laboratory studies were conducted to compare the response of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) adults, uninfected and infected with four serotypes of dengue virus to a repellent containing 5% n, n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet). the results showed that mosquitoes infected with the four serotypes of dengue responded similarly to uninfected mosquitoes. | 2011 | 21485370 |
| impact of daily temperature fluctuations on dengue virus transmission by aedes aegypti. | most studies on the ability of insect populations to transmit pathogens consider only constant temperatures and do not account for realistic daily temperature fluctuations that can impact vector-pathogen interactions. here, we show that diurnal temperature range (dtr) affects two important parameters underlying dengue virus (denv) transmission by aedes aegypti. in two independent experiments using different denv serotypes, mosquitoes were less susceptible to virus infection and died faster under ... | 2011 | 21502510 |
| first evidence of chikungunya virus infection in assam, northeast india. | during june-september 2008, an illness characterized by fever, headache and joint pain was reported in assam state, northeast india. it presented characteristic features resembling chikungunya or dengue virus infection based on clinical symptoms. dengue and chikungunya igm antibody was detected in 10.0% (28/280) and 3.6% (10/280) patients respectively. the chikungunya positive patients did not travel to and from any endemic region confirming indigenous transmission. persistent arthralgia and hea ... | 2011 | 21511316 |
| efficacy of advanced odomos repellent cream (n, n-diethyl-benzamide) against mosquito vectors. | background & objectives : repellents are commonly used personal protection measures to avoid mosquito bites. in the present study, advanced odomos cream (12% n, n-diethyl-benzamide) was tested for its efficacy against mosquitoes in comparison to deet (n,n-diethyl-3-methyl benzamide). methods: bioassays were conducted to assess the repellency of advanced odomos and deet creams against anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. their efficacy was tested on human volunteers applied with different conce ... | 2011 | 21537097 |
| wolbachia and the biological control of mosquito-borne disease. | mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever and filariasis cause an enormous health burden to people living in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. despite years of intense effort to control them, many of these diseases are increasing in prevalence, geographical distribution and severity, and options to control them are limited. the transinfection of mosquitos with the maternally inherited, endosymbiotic bacteria wolbachia is a promising new biocontrol approach. fruit fly wol ... | 2011 | 21546911 |
| insecticide susceptibility of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in central africa. | abstract: background: aedes aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) and aedes albopictus (skuse, 1894) are the main vectors of dengue (denv) and chikungunya (chikv) viruses worldwide. as there is still no vaccine or specific treatment for denv and chikv, vector control remains the cornerstone of prevention and outbreak control. unfortunately, vector control programs are facing operational challenges with mosquitoes becoming resistant to commonly used insecticides in several areas through the world. throughout ... | 2011 | 21575154 |
| wolbachia uses host micrornas to manipulate host gene expression and facilitate colonization of the dengue vector aedes aegypti. | the obligate endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis is found in a wide range of invertebrates where they are best known for manipulating host reproduction. recent studies have shown that wolbachia also can modulate the lifespan of host insects and interfere with the development of human pathogens in mosquito vectors. despite considerable study, very little is known about the molecular interactions between wolbachia and its hosts that might mediate these effects. using microarrays, we show that the mic ... | 2011 | 21576469 |
| variation in vector competence for dengue viruses does not depend on mosquito midgut binding affinity. | dengue virus genotypes of southeast asian origin have been associated with higher virulence and transmission compared to other genotypes of serotype 2 (den-2). we tested the hypothesis that genetic differences in dengue viruses may result in differential binding to the midgut of the primary vector, aedes aegypti, resulting in increased transmission or vectorial capacity. | 2011 | 21610852 |
| susceptibility of adult female aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) to the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae is modified following blood feeding. | abstract: background: the mosquito aedes aegypti, vector of dengue fever, is a target for control by entomopathogenic fungi. recent studies by our group have shown the susceptibility of adult a. aegypti to fungal infection by metarhizium anisopliae. this fungus is currently being tested under field conditions. however, it is unknown whether blood-fed a. aegypti females are equally susceptible to infection by entomopathogenic fungi as sucrose fed females. insect populations will be composed of fe ... | 2011 | 21615890 |
| mosquito species abundance and diversity in malindi, kenya and their potential implication in pathogen transmission. | mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are important vectors of human disease-causing pathogens. mosquitoes are found both in rural and urban areas. deteriorating infrastructure, poor access to health, water and sanitation services, increasing population density, and widespread poverty contribute to conditions that modify the environment, which directly influences the risk of disease within the urban and peri-urban ecosystem. the objective of this study was to evaluate the mosquito vector abundance and ... | 2011 | 21626425 |
| prospective field study of transovarial dengue-virus transmission by two different forms of aedes aegypti in an urban area of bangkok, thailand. | a prospective field study was conducted to determine transovarial dengue-virus transmission in two forms of aedes aegypti mosquitoes in an urban district of bangkok, thailand. immature aedes mosquitoes were collected monthly for one year and reared continuously until adulthood in the laboratory. mosquitoes assayed for dengue virus were processed in pools and their dengue virus infection status was determined by one-step rt-pcr and nested-pcr methods. of a total 15,457 newly emerged adult ae. aeg ... | 2011 | 21635652 |
| evidence of two lineages of the dengue vector aedes aegypti in the brazilian amazon, based on mitochondrial dna nd4 gene sequences. | genetic variation was estimated in ten samples populations of aedes aegypti from the brazilian amazon, by using a 380 bp fragment of the mitochocondrial nadh dehydrogenase subunit 4 (nd4) gene. a total of 123 individuals were analyzed, whereby 13 haplotypes were found. mean genetic diversity was slightly high (h = 0.666 ± 0.029; π = 0.0115 ± 0.0010). two amova analyses indicated that most of the variation (~70%-72%) occurred within populations. the variation found among and between populations w ... | 2009 | 21637700 |
| complete sequences of mitochondria genomes of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus and comparative analysis of mitochondrial dna fragments inserted in the nuclear genomes. | we present complete sequences of the mitochondrial genomes for two important mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus, that are major vectors of dengue virus and lymphatic filariasis, respectively. the a. aegypti mitochondrial genome is 16,655 bp in length and that of c.quinquefasciatus is 15,587 bp, yet both contain 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer rna (trna) genes, one 12s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene, one 16s rrna gene and a control region (cr) in the same order. the difference i ... | 2011 | 21640823 |
| [increase of entomological indices during the pre-epidemic period of dengue in ben tre, south vietnam.] | dengue has emerged in vietnam 50 years ago and since has become endemo-epidemic throughout the whole country. each year, major epidemics of dengue fever (df) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) hit south vietnam during the rainy season, causing significant morbidity and mortality, especially among young children. the only preventive measure is vector control, but it is often implemented too late or indiscriminately. the aim of this study was to investigate, in the pre-epidemic stage, the existenc ... | 2011 | 21643648 |
| [perinatal dengue infection]. | dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease, with worldwide distribution in tropical and subtropical areas. argentina was certified free of aedes aegypti in the sixties, however the vector reappered in 1984. in the nineties, small dengue outbreaks occurred with autocthonus diseases at first limited to the northern provinces. in the summer of 2008-2009, autocthonus cases were reported in other parts of the country. vertical dengue virus transmission has been infrequently described, and the effect on ... | 2011 | 21660390 |
| a new strategy for aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) control with community participation using a new fumigant formulation. | dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever are mosquito-borne viral diseases that coincide with the distribution of aedes aegypti (l.), the primary vector in the tropical and semitropical world. with no available vaccine, controlling the dengue vector is essential to avoid epidemics. this study evaluates the efficacy of a new smoke-generating formulation containing pyriproxyfen and permethrin in puerto libertad, misiones, argentina. a fumigant tablet (ft) was applied inside the houses by the community ... | 2011 | 21661319 |
| first dengue virus detection in aedes albopictus from delhi, india: its breeding ecology and role in dengue transmission. | objectiveôçé to report dengue virus and its disease transmission in aedes albopictus in the national capital territory of delhi, india. methodsôçé monthly aedes surveys were carried out in 126 urban localities of delhi in 2008 and 2009. pools of all three species of aedes mosquitoes were tested for dengue virus (denv) using an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. resultsôçé aedes aegypti was the most prevalent species, breeding throughout the year. aedes albopictus was found in 9.5 ... | 2011 | 21668590 |
| development of a semi-field system for contained field trials with aedes aegypti in southern mexico. | abstract. development of new genetic approaches to either interfere with the ability of mosquitoes to transmit dengue virus or to reduce vector population density requires progressive evaluation from the laboratory to contained field trials, before open field release. trials in contained outdoor facilities are an important part of this process because they can be used to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of modified strains in settings that include natural environmental variations witho ... | 2011 | 21813843 |
| effectiveness of indoor ultra-low volume application of aqua reslin super during an emergency. | indoor ultra-low volume (ulv) applications of aqua reslin super (permethrin + s-bioallethrin) were carried out using portable solo port 423 sprayers in an urban area of reforma, chiapas, mexico. sprayers were calibrated to discharge a flow rate of 110 ml/min with a dose range of approximately 0.55 to 0.792 mg al/m3 space. entomological evaluation, based on 3 cages per house, each containing 15 sugar-fed, 2-4-day-old aedes aegypti females and placed in hidden locations in 4 randomly selected hous ... | 2011 | 21805852 |
| human and environmental factors affecting aedes aegypti distribution in an arid urban environment. | aedes aegypti has reappeared in urban communities in the southwestern u.s.a. in the 1990s after a 40-year absence. in 2003 and 2004, a systematic survey was conducted throughout metropolitan tucson, az, to identify human and environmental factors associated with ae. aegypti distribution within an arid urban area. aedes aegypti presence and abundance were measured monthly using the centers for disease control and prevention enhanced oviposition traps at sampling sites established in a grid at 3- ... | 2011 | 21805845 |
| first report on susceptibility of wild aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) using carapa guianensis (meliaceae) and copaifera sp. (leguminosae). | oils of carapa guianensis and copaifera spp. are well known in the amazonian region as natural insect repellent, and studies have reported their efficiency as larvicide against some laboratory mosquito species. however, in wild populations of mosquitoes, these oils have not yet been evaluated. thus, the objective of this study was to investigate their efficiency as larvicide in wild populations of aedes aegypti with a history of exposure to organophosphate. the susceptibility of larvae was deter ... | 2011 | 21779861 |
| an in vivo transfection approach elucidates a role for aedes aegypti thioester-containing proteins in flaviviral infection. | mosquitoes transmit pathogens that cause infectious diseases of global importance. techniques to easily introduce genes into mosquitoes, however, limit investigations of the interaction between microbes and their arthropod vectors. we now show that a cationic liposome significantly enhances delivery and expression of plasmid dna in aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. we then introduced the genes for ae. aegypti thioester-containing proteins (aeteps), which are involved in the control ... | 2011 | 21818390 |
| lower survival rate, longevity and fecundity of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) females orally challenged with dengue virus serotype 2. | as the pathogenic effects of a parasite on its hosts can strongly influence its epidemiology, we compared the life-histories of dengue virus serotype 2 (denv-2)-infected and uninfected aedes aegypti females. unexposed mosquitoes lived longer than exposed ones, but those infected lived longer than exposed but negative (as assayed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription pcr [qrt-pcr]) mosquitoes. infected mosquitoes from a long-established laboratory colony presented more viral rna copies ... | 2011 | 21700303 |
| the invaders: phylogeography of dengue and chikungunya viruses aedes vectors, on the south west islands of the indian ocean. | aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti are the two main worldwide arbovirus vectors that have experienced invasion phases. aedes aegypti is a pantropical species that spread centuries ago whereas ae. albopictus started the main wave of invasion in the 1980s. both species have been at various times on the different islands in southwestern indian ocean (swio). this area provides an opportunity to examine the extent to which mosquitoes colonization patterns are influenced by different introductory even ... | 2011 | 21827872 |
| why dengue and yellow fever coexist in some areas of the world and not in others? | urban yellow fever and dengue coexist in africa but not in asia and south america. in this paper, we examine four hypotheses (and various combinations thereof) to explain the absence of yellow fever in urban areas of asia and south america. in addition, we examine an additional hypothesis that offers an explanation of the coexistence of the infections in africa while at the same time explaining their lack of coexistence in asia. the hypotheses we tested to explain the nonexistence of yellow feve ... | 2011 | 21839800 |
| semaphorin-1a is required for aedes aegypti embryonic nerve cord development. | although mosquito genome projects have uncovered orthologues of many known developmental regulatory genes, extremely little is known about mosquito development. in this study, the role of semaphorin-1a (sema1a) was investigated during vector mosquito embryonic ventral nerve cord development. expression of sema1a and the plexin a (plexa) receptor are detected in the embryonic ventral nerve cords of aedes aegypti (dengue vector) and anopheles gambiae (malaria vector), suggesting that sema1a signal ... | 2011 | 21738767 |
| pyrethroid resistance reduces the efficacy of space sprays for dengue control on the island of martinique (caribbean). | dengue fever is reemerging on the island of martinique and is a serious threat for the human population. during dengue epidemics, adult aedes aegypti control with pyrethroid space sprays is implemented in order to rapidly reduce transmission. unfortunately, vector control programs are facing operational challenges with the emergence of pyrethroid resistant ae. aegypti populations. | 2011 | 21713017 |
| In vitro activation and enzyme kinetic analysis of recombinant midgut serine proteases from the Dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 21827688 |
| can wolbachia be used to control malaria? | malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by plasmodium parasites transmitted by the infectious bite of anopheles mosquitoes. vector control of malaria has predominantly focused on targeting the adult mosquito through insecticides and bed nets. however, current vector control methods are often not sustainable for long periods so alternative methods are needed. a novel biocontrol approach for mosquito-borne diseases has recently been proposed, it uses maternally inherited endosymbioti ... | 2011 | 21881776 |
| Adulticidal and repellent properties of indigenous plant extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). | Several diseases are associated to the mosquito-human interaction. Mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and well-known illnesses such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikunguniya fever, West Nile virus, and yellow fever. These diseases produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world. The adulticidal and repellent activities of crude hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform, and methanol extracts of leaf of Eclipta alba and Andrographis pa ... | 2011 | 22009267 |
| population density, water supply, and the risk of dengue fever in vietnam: cohort study and spatial analysis. | aedes aegypti, the major vector of dengue viruses, often breeds in water storage containers used by households without tap water supply, and occurs in high numbers even in dense urban areas. we analysed the interaction between human population density and lack of tap water as a cause of dengue fever outbreaks with the aim of identifying geographic areas at highest risk. | 2011 | 21918642 |
| Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oil from Mentha spicata (Linn.) against three mosquito species. | Mosquitoes are blood-feeding insects and serve as the most important vectors for spreading human diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, and filariasis. The continued use of synthetic insecticides has resulted in resistance in mosquitoes. Synthetic insecticides are toxic and affect the environment by contaminating soil, water, and air, and then natural products may be an alternative to synthetic insecticides because they are effective, biodegradable, eco-friendly, and safe to envir ... | 2011 | 22139403 |
| The wMel Wolbachia strain blocks dengue and invades caged Aedes aegypti populations. | Dengue fever is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease of humans with more than 50 million cases estimated annually in more than 100 countries. Disturbingly, the geographic range of dengue is currently expanding and the severity of outbreaks is increasing. Control options for dengue are very limited and currently focus on reducing population abundance of the major mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. These strategies are failing to reduce dengue incidence in tropical communities and there is ... | 2011 | 21866159 |
| Population Dynamics of Aedes aegypti and Dengue as Influenced by Weather and Human Behavior in San Juan, Puerto Rico. | Previous studies on the influence of weather on Aedes aegypti dynamics in Puerto Rico suggested that rainfall was a significant driver of immature mosquito populations and dengue incidence, but mostly in the drier areas of the island. We conducted a longitudinal study of Ae. aegypti in two neighborhoods of the metropolitan area of San Juan city, Puerto Rico where rainfall is more uniformly distributed throughout the year. We assessed the impacts of rainfall, temperature, and human activities on ... | 2011 | 22206021 |
| Changes in the genetic structure of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations in Queensland, Australia, across two seasons: implications for potential mosquito releases. | Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes could be controlled if vector populations were replaced with strains that have reduced vector competency. Such a strategy is being developed for control of dengue virus which is transmitted by Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquitoes artificially infected with the bacterium, Wolbachia pipientis Hertig, are being assessed as candidates for release at the adult stage with the aim of replacement of the wild population. Wolbachia can reduce the capacity ... | 2011 | 21936318 |
| the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana activate toll and jak-stat pathway-controlled effector genes and anti-dengue activity in aedes aegypti. | here we investigated the effect of beauveria bassiana infection on the survival of aedesaegypti mosquitoes and the modulation of their susceptibility to dengue virus infection. application of b. bassiana caused a reduction in the life span of a. aegypti and hindered dengue virus replication in the mosquito midgut. fungus infection induced the expression a variety anti-microbial and dengue virus restriction factor genes. transient reverse genetic analyses showed that the jak-stat pathway is impli ... | 2011 | 22198333 |
| characterization of bacillus thuringiensis isolates with potential for control of aedes aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) (diptera: culicidae). | aedes aegypti (linnaeus) is the vector of dengue virus in brazil. bioinsecticides based on bacillus thuringiensis have shown satisfactory results in the control of diptera, due to the production of proteins called cry and cyt. the aim of the present study was to select b. thuringiensis isolates carrying the cry and cyt genes, which are efficient in the control of ae. aegypti. a collection of 27 isolates of b. thuringiensis, derived from various regions in brazil, was evaluated using selective bi ... | 2011 | 22178674 |
| global cross-talk of genes of the mosquito aedes aegypti in response to dengue virus infection. | the mosquito aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue virus (denv) infection in humans, and denv is the most important arbovirus across most of the subtropics and tropics worldwide. the early time periods after infection with denv define critical cellular processes that determine ultimate success or failure of the virus to establish infection in the mosquito. | 2011 | 22102922 |
| dissemination of metarhizium anisopliae of low and high virulence by mating behavior in aedes aegypti. | dengue is a viral disease transmitted by aedes mosquitoes. it is a threat for public health worldwide and its primary vector aedes aegypti is becoming resistant to chemical insecticides. these factors have encouraged studies to evaluate entomopathogenic fungi against the vector. here we evaluated mortality, infection, insemination and fecundity rates in a. aegypti females after infection by autodissemination with two mexican strains of metarhizium anisopliae. | 2011 | 21906283 |
| wolbachia strain wmel induces cytoplasmic incompatibility and blocks dengue transmission in aedes albopictus. | wolbachia inherited bacteria are able to invade insect populations using cytoplasmic incompatibility and provide new strategies for controlling mosquito-borne tropical diseases, such as dengue. the overreplicating wmelpop strain was recently shown to strongly inhibit the replication of dengue virus when introduced into aedes aegypti mosquitoes, as well as to stimulate chronic immune up-regulation. here we show that stable introduction of the wmel strain of drosophila melanogaster into aedes albo ... | 2011 | 22123944 |
| Association of human immune response to Aedes aegypti salivary proteins with dengue disease severity. | Dengue viruses (DENV; family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) are transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and can cause dengue fever (DF), a relatively benign disease, or more severe dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). Arthropod saliva contains proteins delivered into the bite wound that can modulate the host haemostatic and immune responses to facilitate the intake of a blood meal. The potential effects on DENV infection of previous exposure to Ae. aegypti salivary proteins have not been investigat ... | 2012 | 21995849 |
| Mosquito genomics: progress and challenges. | The whole-genome sequencing of mosquitoes has facilitated our understanding of fundamental biological processes at their basic molecular levels and holds potential for application to mosquito control and prevention of mosquito-borne disease transmission. Draft genome sequences are available for Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Collectively, these represent the major vectors of African malaria, dengue fever and yellow fever viruses, and lymphatic filariasis, respectiv ... | 2012 | 21942845 |
| dengue-1 virus clade replacement in thailand associated with enhanced mosquito transmission. | dengue viruses (denv) are characterized by extensive genetic diversity and can be organized in multiple, genetically distinct lineages that arise and die out on a regular basis in regions where dengue is endemic. a fundamental question for understanding denv evolution is the relative extent to which stochastic processes (genetic drift) and natural selection acting on fitness differences among lineages contribute to lineage diversity and turnover. here, we used a set of recently collected and arc ... | 2011 | 22130539 |
| a novel herbal formulation against dengue vector mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | the objective of this study was to develop a herbal formulation to control dengue vector mosquitoes. ponneem, a novel herbal formulation prepared using the oils of neem (azadirachta indica), karanj (pongamia glabra) and their extracts, was tested for larvicidal, ovicidal and oviposition deterrent activities against aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus at 1, 0.5, 0.3 and 0.1 ppm concentrations. cent percent larvicidal and ovicidal activities were observed at 0.1 ppm in the two mosquito species unde ... | 2011 | 22042505 |
| wolbachia induces reactive oxygen species (ros)-dependent activation of the toll pathway to control dengue virus in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | wolbachia are maternally transmitted symbiotic bacteria that can spread within insect populations because of their unique ability to manipulate host reproduction. when introduced to nonnative mosquito hosts, wolbachia induce resistance to a number of human pathogens, including dengue virus (denv), plasmodium, and filarial nematodes, but the molecular mechanism involved is unclear. in this study, we have deciphered how wolbachia infection affects the aedes aegypti host in inducing resistance to d ... | 2011 | 22123956 |
| Factors influencing the seasonal abundance of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and the control strategy of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever in Thanlyin Township, Yangon City, Myanmar. | From June 2006 to May 2007, mosquito surveys were conducted in Thanlyin Township, Yangon City, Myanmar, to determine factors influencing the abundance of Aedes aegypti (Stegomyia aegypti) during the rainy season. Both the biological and environmental factors were included in this study. Increase in the hatchability of egg, larval survival rate, the shortened larval life-span and increased pupation rates supplemented by rainfall (i.e. continuous flooding of the containers, stimulate the ... | 2011 | 22041749 |
| Constraints on the use of lifespan-shortening Wolbachia to control dengue fever. | Dengue fever, a viral disease spread by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, affects 50-100 million people a year in many tropical countries. Because the virus must incubate within mosquito hosts for two weeks before being able to transmit the infection, shortening the lifespan of mosquitoes may curtail dengue transmission. We developed a continuous time reaction-diffusion model of the spatial spread of Wolbachia through a population of A. aegypti. This model incorporates the lifespan-shortening effects ... | 2011 | 22192469 |
| Alterations in the Aedes aegypti transcriptome during infection with West Nile, dengue and yellow fever viruses. | West Nile (WNV), dengue (DENV) and yellow fever (YFV) viruses are (re)emerging, mosquito-borne flaviviruses that cause human disease and mortality worldwide. Alterations in mosquito gene expression common and unique to individual flaviviral infections are poorly understood. Here, we present a microarray analysis of the Aedes aegypti transcriptome over time during infection with DENV, WNV or YFV. We identified 203 mosquito genes that were = 5-fold differentially up-regulated (DUR) and 202 genes t ... | 2011 | 21909258 |
| natural vertical transmission of dengue viruses by aedes aegypti in bolivia. | the natural transmission of dengue virus from an infected female mosquito to its progeny, namely the vertical transmission, was researched in wild caught aedes aegypti during an important outbreak in the town of santa cruz de la sierra, bolivia. mosquitoes were collected at the preimaginal stages (eggs, larvae and pupae) then reared up to adult stage for viral detection using molecular methods. dengue virus serotypes 1 and 3 were found to be co-circulating with significant higher prevalence in m ... | 2011 | 21894270 |
| larval development of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in peri-urban brackish water and its implications for transmission of arboviral diseases. | aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and aedes albopictus skuse mosquitoes transmit serious human arboviral diseases including yellow fever, dengue and chikungunya in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. females of the two species have adapted to undergo preimaginal development in natural or artificial collections of freshwater near human habitations and feed on human blood. while there is an effective vaccine against yellow fever, the control of dengue and chikungunya is mainly dependent on reducing f ... | 2011 | 22132243 |
| optimal timing of insecticide fogging to minimize dengue cases: modeling dengue transmission among various seasonalities and transmission intensities. | dengue infection is endemic in many regions throughout the world. while insecticide fogging targeting the vector mosquito aedes aegypti is a major control measure against dengue epidemics, the impact of this method remains controversial. a previous mathematical simulation study indicated that insecticide fogging minimized cases when conducted soon after peak disease prevalence, although the impact was minimal, possibly because seasonality and population immunity were not considered. periodic out ... | 2011 | 22039560 |
| Potential impact of a presumed increase in the biting activity of dengue-virus-infected Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) females on virus transmission dynamics. | Recently, we showed that infection with dengue virus increases the locomotor activity of Aedes aegypti females. We speculate that the observed increased locomotor activity could potentially increase the chances of finding a suitable host and, as a consequence, the relative biting rate of infected mosquitoes. We used a mathematical model to investigate the impact of the increased locomotor activity by assuming that this activity translated into an increased biting rate for infected mosquitoes. Th ... | 2011 | 22012232 |
| Successful establishment of Wolbachia in Aedes populations to suppress dengue transmission. | Genetic manipulations of insect populations for pest control have been advocated for some time, but there are few cases where manipulated individuals have been released in the field and no cases where they have successfully invaded target populations. Population transformation using the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia is particularly attractive because this maternally-inherited agent provides a powerful mechanism to invade natural populations through cytoplasmic incompatibility. When Wolbachia ... | 2011 | 21866160 |
| Thermal sensitivity of Aedes aegypti from Australia: empirical data and prediction of effects on distribution. | An understanding of physiological sensitivity to temperature and its variability is important for predicting habitat suitability for disease vectors under different climatic regimes. In this study, we characterized the thermal sensitivity of larval developmental rates and survival in several Australian mainland populations of the dengue virus vector Aedes aegypti. Males developed more rapidly than females, but there were no differences among populations for development time or survival despite p ... | 2011 | 21845954 |
| dengue virus infection in renal allograft recipients: a case series during 2010 outbreak. | dengue virus infection is an emerging global threat caused by arbovirus, a virus from flaviridiae family, which is transmitted by mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. renal transplant recipients who live in the endemic zones of dengue infection or who travel to an endemic zone could be at risk of this infection. despite multiple epidemics and a high case fatality rate in the southeast asian region, only a few cases of dengue infection in renal transplant recipients have been reported. ... | 2011 | 22212524 |
| natural transovarial dengue virus infection rate in both sexes of dark and pale forms of aedes aegypti from an urban area of bangkok, thailand. | transovarial dengue virus infection status of two forms of adult aedes aegypti (dark or ae. aegypti type form and pale or form queenslandensis), reared from field-collected larval and pupal stages, was determined by one-step rt-pcr and dengue viral serotype by nested-pcr. natural transovarial transmission (tot) of dengue virus was detected in the two ae. aegypti forms, and in both adult males and females. male ae. aegypti had a higher rate of tot dengue virus infection than female. the overall m ... | 2012 | 23431820 |
| effects of ribavirin and hydroxyurea on oral infection of aedes aegypti (l.) with dengue virus. | this study was conducted to determine the inhibitory effects of ribavirin and hydroxyurea on dengue virus replication in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. female ae. aegypti mosquitoes were infected with dengue-2 virus and fed ribavirin at a dose of 0.3 mg/ml and/or hydroxyurea at a dose of 6 mg/ml via artificial membrane feeding technique. the virus in infected mosquitoes was isolated using c6/36 cell culture. peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) staining was used to detect dengue-infected c6/36 cells and t ... | 2012 | 23413698 |
| protein expression in the salivary glands of dengue-infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes and blood-feeding success. | mosquito salivary glands (sg) play an essential role in food digestion and pathogen transmission. the function of the salivary components during infection is poorly understood. in this study, female aedes aegypti mosquitoes were infected with dengue virus serotype 2 (denv-2) via an artificial membrane feeding apparatus. the mosquito sgs were examined for denv-2 infection for 14 days post-infection (dpi). the amount of dengue virus increased throughout the 14 dpi. three different meals were provi ... | 2012 | 23413697 |
| the native wolbachia symbionts limit transmission of dengue virus in aedes albopictus. | the chikungunya (chik) outbreak that struck la reunion island in 2005 was preceded by few human cases of dengue (den), but which surprisingly did not lead to an epidemic as might have been expected in a non-immune population. both arboviral diseases are transmitted to humans by two main mosquito species, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. in the absence of the former, ae. albopictus was the only species responsible for viral transmission on la reunion island. this mosquito is naturally super-in ... | 2012 | 23301109 |
| house-to-house human movement drives dengue virus transmission. | dengue is a mosquito-borne disease of growing global health importance. prevention efforts focus on mosquito control, with limited success. new insights into the spatiotemporal drivers of dengue dynamics are needed to design improved disease-prevention strategies. given the restricted range of movement of the primary mosquito vector, aedes aegypti, local human movements may be an important driver of dengue virus (denv) amplification and spread. using contact-site cluster investigations in a case ... | 2012 | 23277539 |
| storm sewers as larval habitats for aedes aegypti and culex spp. in a neighborhood of merida, mexico. | we report the collection of aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, cx. interrogator, cx. thriambus, cx. coronator, and cx. salinarius larvae from storm sewers within an endemic area for dengue transmission in merida, mexico, during the rainy season of 2011. this is the first record of the dengue vector ae. aegypti breeding in storm sewers in the southeast of mexico. | 2012 | 23833907 |
| [susceptibility of natural populations of dengue vector to insecticides in colombia]. | physiological resistance of natural population of aedes aegypti to insecticides contribute to the decreased efficacy of chemical control as a main control strategy during dengue outbreaks. | 2012 | 23715182 |
| bioactivity of seagrass against the dengue fever mosquito aedes aegypti larvae. | to identify the larvicidal activity of the seagrass extracts. | 2012 | 23569973 |
| residual effects of tmof-bti formulations against 1(st) instar aedes aegypti linnaeus larvae outside laboratory. | to evaluate the effectiveness and residual effects of trypsin modulating oostatic factor-bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis (tmof-bti) formulations against aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) (l.) larvae at ukm campus kuala lumpur. | 2012 | 23569922 |
| unusual developing sites of dengue vectors and potential epidemiological implications. | to identify the unusual breeding sites of two dengue vectors, i.e. aedes albopictus (ae. albopictus) and aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti). | 2012 | 23569903 |
| household survey of container-breeding mosquitoes and climatic factors influencing the prevalence of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in makkah city, saudi arabia. | to investigate the prevalence of container breeding mosquitoes with emphasis on the seasonality and larval habitats of aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) in makkah city, adjoining an environmental monitoring and dengue incidence. | 2012 | 23569860 |
| analysis of lipids by gas-liquid chromatography and complementary methods in four strains of aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | fatty acid composition of total lipids, neutral lipids and phospholipids of strains of aedes aegypti were determined. the fatty acid composition of the strains differed quantitatively with regard to the relative percentage of commonly occurring fatty acids. gas-liquid chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters showed 18:1 (oleic or elaidic) to be the predominant fatty acid. the fatty acid was identified as oleic by argentation thin-layer chromatography. a modified colorimetric method was used to ... | 2013 | 4017543 |
| transmission-blocking antibodies against mosquito c-type lectins for dengue prevention. | c-type lectins are a family of proteins with carbohydrate-binding activity. several c-type lectins in mammals or arthropods are employed as receptors or attachment factors to facilitate flavivirus invasion. we previously identified a c-type lectin in aedes aegypti, designated as mosquito galactose specific c-type lectin-1 (mosgctl-1), facilitating the attachment of west nile virus (wnv) on the cell membrane. here, we first identified that 9 a. aegypti mosgctl genes were key susceptibility factor ... | 2014 | 24550728 |
| dengue virus infection of aedes aegypti requires a putative cysteine rich venom protein. | dengue virus (denv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes serious human disease and mortality worldwide. there is no specific antiviral therapy or vaccine for denv infection. alterations in gene expression during denv infection of the mosquito and the impact of these changes on virus infection are important events to investigate in hopes of creating new treatments and vaccines. we previously identified 203 genes that were ≥5-fold differentially upregulated during flavivirus infection of the ... | 2015 | 26491875 |
| detection of dengue, west nile virus, rickettsiosis and leptospirosis by a new real-time pcr strategy. | dengue virus (denv) infection causes sudden fever along with several nonspecific signs and symptoms and in severe cases, death. denv is transmitted to people by aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes, whose populations increase during rainy season. west nile virus (wnv), rickettsia spp. and leptospira spp. are fever-causing pathogens that share many of the initial symptoms of denv infection and also thrive in the rainy season. outbreaks in some regions may be due to any of these pathogens t ... | 2016 | 27350908 |