| influences of oyster or clam feeding on lipid metabolism in rats. | rats were fed on three kinds of diets for two weeks: (i) basal diet, (ii) containing 0.1% cholate and (iii) containing 0.1% cholesterol and 0.1% cholate. each dietary group was further divided into subgroups to whose diet was added 0, 5 or 10% (dry weight) of minced oyster (callocorchina) or clam (tapes japonica). the serum and liver cholesterol levels of the rats fed the basal diet were reduced by feeding oyster or clam. the serum and liver triglyceride levels of all dietary groups were lowered ... | 1979 | 41032 |
| fibrinolysis relating substances in marine creatures. | 1. extracts with physiological saline solution were obtained from about 20 species of invertebrates and seaweed. tosyl-l-arg-meoh hydrolysing and fibrin plate lytic activity were detected in the invertebrates stichopus japonicus, crassost gigas, tapes japonica, and kintai-gai as well as the seaweed codiales codium. 2. these activities were all labile against heat (at 65 degrees c for 1 hr). except for the extract from stichopus japonicus, lytic activities against fibrin plates with and without p ... | 1992 | 1526124 |
| changes in fatty acid composition in ruditapes philippinarum a & r (veneridae) fed on industrial yeast. | 1. the fatty acid composition of short-neck clams (ruditapes philippinarum a & r) was compared in animals (a) fed on industrial yeast, (b) fed on natural phytoplankton, (c) after starvation. 2. marked deficiencies in polyunsaturated fatty acids were found in the case of a yeast diet as well as after starvation. 3. metabolic changes are discussed. | 1991 | 1682099 |
| patterns of experimental contamination by protogonyaulax tamarensis in some french commercial shellfish. | as a result of the proliferation of toxic marine dinoflagellates along european coasts and the recent discovery of paralytic poisons in french shellfish, experimental studies were conducted on four species of shellfish from the brittany coasts. contamination rates of a culture of toxic protogonyaulax tamarensis, were determined for mytilus edulis, crassostrea gigas, pecten maximus and ruditapes philippinarum. mussels and scallops were very rapidly contaminated showing high toxin accumulation rat ... | 1989 | 2629173 |
| reduction of lipogenic enzymes by shellfish triglycerides in rat liver. | when rats were fed for 2 weeks on 3% fat diets containing 0.5 or 1%corbicula (corbicula japonica prime), clam (tapes japonica) or oyster (callocorchina) triglycerides, serum and liver triglyceride levels were significantly lowered. the activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and acetyl-coa carboxylase were markedly reduced in the rats. cholesterol synthesis by liver slices was also reduced. the results of immunochemical titrations and ouchterlony double-diffusion an ... | 1980 | 6105173 |
| procedure for recovery of enteroviruses from the japanese cockle tapes japonica. | the most likely shellfish to be harvested if sportfishing is reinstated in san francisco bay is the japanese cockle tapes japonica. the virus levels present in these shellfish are unknown and need to be evaluated before the shellfish beds are open. towards this end, a procedure for recovering and concentrating enteric viruses from these clams has been evaluated. effective elution of poliovirus from clam tissues was found to occur with ph 9.5 glycine-buffered saline rather than with the ph 7.5 fl ... | 1981 | 6263186 |
| [study on the contamination of ruditapes philippinarum by hav in jiaozhou bay and its counter-measures]. | six surveillance spots were set up in jiaozhou bay to examine the contamination of ruditapes philippinarum (r. p) by hav. specimens were collected regularly every month. seventy-five specimens were collected in july 1991-aug 1992. the precursor rna of hav was detected by methods of pcr, rna dot-blot hybridization and hav isolation. it showed that r. p. had been contaminated by hav in some areas of the bay at times, but the virus was in a state of inactivity. epidemiologic investigation in the sa ... | 1995 | 7648635 |
| kinetics of alexandrium minutum halim toxin accumulation in mussels and clams. | mussels (mytilus edulis) and clams (ruditapes philippinarum) were contaminated experimentally using cultures of alexandrium minutum, a toxic dinoflagellate isolated from french coastal waters. experiments were carried out in continually flushed and open-circuit systems using alexandrium densities of 100 to 700 cells/ml delivered to tanks containing the shellfish. all experiments indicated an inversion of the relative proportions of gonyautoxins (gtx2 and gtx3) in shellfish meat during decontamin ... | 1994 | 7866670 |
| characteristics of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins derived from short-necked clams (tapes japonica) in mikawa bay. | a "red tide" bloom of alexandrium tamarense occurred in mikawa bay in april 1991. in association with this, paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin was detected in short-necked clams by mouse bioassay. high performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated large quantities of the n-sulfocarbamoyl toxins, c1, and c2 (approximately 90% of the total toxins), whose latent potency was confirmed by treatment with boiling at low ph. | 1994 | 8087435 |
| [some examples of introductions and transfers of mollusks]. | human beings have always introduced non-indigenous species into new environments. such is the case with shellfish, which the romans, fine connoisseurs, transferred from france to italy to mature. the pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas) and the manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum) are among the most significant examples of these introductions. the author examines the causes, conditions, results, and economic and biological repercussions of these examples. the well known cases of the introduction ... | 1996 | 9019237 |
| [international trade in bivalve mollusks and the current situation in france and in europe]. | over the last century and a half, trade in shellfish has introduced into france four new species intended for aquaculture, as follows: -the portuguese oyster (crassostrea angulata) -the american clam (mercenaria mercenaria) -the pacific oyster (c. gigas) -the manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum). the development of hatcheries and air transport facilities has led to increased trade in these species among the countries of the european union (france, ireland, italy, the netherlands, portugal, spai ... | 1996 | 9019238 |
| observations on trichodinid ectoparasites (ciliophora: peritricha) from the gills of maricultured molluscs in china, with descriptions of three new species of trichodina ehrenberg, 1838. | during surveys of the trichodinid parasites in mariculture beds off the coast of shandong province, china, four species of the genus trichodina from the gills of marine molluscs were investigated and morphologically studied. of these, three are described as new: t. ruditapicis n. sp. from ruditapes philippinarum (veneridae), t. scapharcae n. sp. from scapharca subcrenata (arcidae) and t. mactrae n. sp. from mactra veneriformis (mactridae). one little-known species, t. macomarum raabe & raabe, 19 ... | 2000 | 10682920 |
| isolation of the pathogen vibrio tapetis and defense parameters in brown ring diseased manila clams ruditapes philippinarum cultivated in england. | the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum was introduced for aquacultural purposes to europe in the 1970s. in 1987, brown ring disease (brd), caused by vibrio tapetis, appeared in clams cultivated in brouënou (finistère, france) and later became increasingly widespread and was reported in cultivated and wild clams existing on the atlantic coasts of france and spain. the present study reports, for the first time, the presence of brd in clams cultivated in england. the etiologic bacterium was isolat ... | 2000 | 10918978 |
| detection of cryptosporidium oocysts in bivalve molluscs destined for human consumption. | clams (dosinia exoleta, ruditapes philippinarum, venerupis pullastra, venerupis rhomboideus, venus verrucosa), mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis), and oysters (ostrea edulis) were tested for the presence of cryptosporidium sp. oocysts using various stain techniques and a commercially available kit containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibodies. all molluscs were harvested in northwest spain (galicia) except for r. philippinarum, which was from italy, and 1 of the 6 oyste ... | 2000 | 10958471 |
| alterations in hemolymph and extrapallial fluid parameters in the manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum, challenged with the pathogen vibrio tapetis. | in a recent study, we demonstrated the presence of defense factors, competent hemocytes and high enzymatic activities (peptidases, hydrolases, lytic, etc.), in the extrapallial fluid, located between the mantle and the shell, of the manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum. in europe, this species is affected by brown ring disease, an epizootic disease caused by the bacterium vibrio tapetis. the present work focused on the effect of the development of the disease on cellular and humoral defense para ... | 2000 | 10963405 |
| characterization of the ribosomal rna locus of perkinsus atlanticus and development of a polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic assay. | the rrna locus of perkinsus atlanticus from the clam ruditapes decussatus cultivated on the atlantic coast of spain was cloned and sequenced. sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (its) from the rrna locus were compared to sequences reported earlier for a p. atlanticus isolate from portugal and to those from other perkinsus species. the its i sequence of the spanish p. atlanticus isolate was identical to the portuguese p. atlanticus sequence and had 76.6% identity to the its1 of perkinsus ... | 2000 | 11128520 |
| evidence for interspecies transmission of oyster herpesvirus in marine bivalves. | since 1991, numerous herpesvirus infections associated with high mortality have been reported around the world in various marine bivalve species. in order to determine whether these infections are due to ostreid herpesvirus-1 (oshv1), a previously characterized pathogen of the japanese oyster (crassostrea gigas), pcr analysis was carried out on 30 samples of larvae collected from four bivalve species (c. gigas, ostrea edulis, ruditapes decussatus and ruditapes philippinarum), most exhibiting mor ... | 2001 | 11257192 |
| haemocyte parameters associated with resistance to brown ring disease in ruditapes spp. clams. | brown ring disease (brd) is a shell disease caused by vibrio tapetis. this pathogen disturbs the periostracal lamina causing the appearance of a brown conchiolin deposit on the inner face of the shell, within the extrapallial space. although differences in resistance to brd have been documented, their relationship to possible defense functions has never been investigated. in this study, flow cytometry was used to analyze cellular parameters in asymptomatic and experimentally infected ruditapes p ... | 2001 | 11356217 |
| a herpes-like virus infects a non-ostreid bivalve species: virus replication in ruditapes philippinarum larvae. | sporadic high mortalities were reported in june 1997 among hatchery-reared larval manila clam ruditapes philippinarum in a french commercial hatchery. cellular abnormalities were observed in semi-thin sections in affected animals. transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of herpes-like virus particles in larvae. this is the first description of a herpes-like virus infection in larval r. philippinarum, a non-ostreid bivalve species. virus particles were similar to other herpes-like ... | 2001 | 11411639 |
| viability and infectivity of oocysts recovered from clams, ruditapes philippinarum, experimentally contaminated with cryptosporidium parvum. | this study confirms the important role of marine bivalve molluscs, destined for human consumption, as transmitters of cryptosporidiosis, zoonotic diarrhoeal disease caused by cryptosporidium parvum. c. parvum oocysts recovered from seawater clams (ruditapes philippinarum) were viable and infective in five of eight infected neonatal cd-1 swiss mice. oocysts were observed in clam gill and gastrointestinal tract tissue homogenates as well as in gill histological sections, by an immunofluorescent an ... | 2001 | 11411939 |
| rapid and efficient extraction method for reverse transcription-pcr detection of hepatitis a and norwalk-like viruses in shellfish. | as part of an effort to develop a broadly applicable test for norwalk-like viruses and hepatitis a virus (hav) in shellfish, a rapid extraction method that is suitable for use with one-step reverse transcription (rt)-pcr-based detection methods was developed. the method involves virus extraction using a ph 9.5 glycine buffer, polyethylene glycol (peg) precipitation, tri-reagent, and purification of viral poly(a) rna by using magnetic poly(dt) beads. this glycine-peg-tri-reagent-poly(dt) method c ... | 2001 | 11526018 |
| heavy metal concentrations in edible bivalves and gastropods available in major markets of the pearl river delta. | molluscs are able to accumulate heavy metals and impose health hazard to consumers. the main objective of the present study is to investigate the heavy metal concentrations in edible bivalves and gastropods available in major markets of the pearl river delta. fourteen species of edible molluscs were purchased from six markets in hong kong and guangdong province. the fresh of these biota were tested for their cadmium (cd), copper (cu), zinc (zn), lead (pb), nickel (ni), chromium (cr), antimony (s ... | 2001 | 11590745 |
| effects of toxic dinoflagellate alexandrium tamarense on the energy budgets and growth of two marine bivalves. | harmful algal blooms (hab) may impose a serious threat to aquatic lives and human health. we determined the effects of a toxic dinoflagellate alexandrium tamarense (clone atcio1, isolated from hong kong coastal waters) on the energy budget, quantified as scope for growth (sfg), and the growth rate of the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum and the green-lipped mussel perna viridis. to quantify the sfg, clams and mussels were dosed with different amounts of toxic a. tamarense for 6 days, resultin ... | 2002 | 11829010 |
| effect of temperature and salinity on in vitro zoosporulation of perkinsus sp. in manila clams ruditapes philippinarum. | the effects of temperature and salinity on in vitro development of perkinsus sp. prezoosporangia isolated from cultured manila clams in korea were investigated, and the difference in resistance to low temperature between prezoosporangia collected in winter and those collected in summer was compared. temperature and salinity had significant effects on the development of prezoosporangia, and the developmental rates increased with increasing temperature and salinity. prezoosporangia isolated in win ... | 2001 | 11843139 |
| seasonality of contamination, toxicity, and quality values in sediments from littoral ecosystems in the gulf of cádiz (sw spain). | to seasonally evaluate littoral contamination, toxicity and quality values of sediments from the gulf of cádiz, we measured chemical concentrations and conducted toxicity tests in winter and summer and linked these results by means of multivariate analysis. sediment samples were subjected to two separate, replicated sediment toxicity tests (microdeutopus gryllotalpa amphipod survival, and ruditapes philippinarum clam reburial), and to comprehensive sediment chemistry analyses (grain size, organi ... | 2002 | 11999767 |
| pathogenicity of vibrio tapetis, the etiological agent of brown ring disease in clams. | brown ring disease (brd) causes high mortalities in the introduced manila clam ruditapes philippinarum cultured in western europe. the etiological agent of brd, vibrio tapetis, adheres to and disrupts the production of the periostracal lamina, causing the anomalous deposition of periostracum around the inner shell. because the primary sign of brd is found outside the soft tissues, the processes leading to death are not as obvious as those for internal pathogens. this study was designed to evalua ... | 2002 | 12033709 |
| vibrios isolated from the cultured manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum): numerical taxonomy and antibacterial activities. | a numerical taxonomic study of halophilic vibrio isolated from healthy and brown ring disease (brd) affected manila clams (ruditapes philippinarum), harvested from the atlantic coast of south-western spain, was performed. | 2002 | 12174042 |
| effects of toxic dinoflagellates and toxin biotransformation in bivalves. | attempts were made to elucidate the different responses of shellfish to paralytic shellfish poison (psp) and the psp donor alexandrium minutum t1. five species of edible bivalves (crassostrea gigas, meretrix lusoria, mytilus edulis, ruditapes philippinarum, and soletellina diphos) were collected and examined for susceptibility to psp and psp donor. it was determined that all five bivalves had low susceptibility to psp following an intramuscular injection (> 300 mu/20 g). the abnormal effects on ... | 2002 | 12503874 |
| heavy metals in oysters, mussels and clams collected from coastal sites along the pearl river delta, south china. | concentrations of 8 heavy metals: cadmium (cd), copper (cu), zinc (zn), lead (pb), nickel (ni), chromium (cr), antimony (sb) and tin (sn) were examined in 3 species of bivalves ( perna viridis, crassostrea rivularis and ruditapes philippinarum) collected from 25 sites along the pearl river delta coastal waters in the south china sea from july to august 1996. in general, cd, cu, zn and sn concentrations in the three bivalve species collected from the estuarine zone were significantly higher than ... | 2003 | 12602597 |
| natural water-purification system observed in a shallow coastal lagoon: matsukawa-ura, japan. | field surveys and in situ experiments were conducted in the shallow matsukawa-ura in summer to evaluate the biological efficiencies of shallow-water areas for preserving coastal ecosystems. in matsukawa-ura (5.8 km(2)), the suspension-feeding bivalves ruditapes philippinarum and crassostrea gigas were the dominant animals--their total biomasses (wet weight) were estimated to be 3.4 x 10(6) and 2.3 x 10(6) kg, respectively. ulva sp. and zostera marina were the dominant macrophyte species during t ... | 2003 | 12787612 |
| effect of a mono-specific algal diet on immune functions in two bivalve species--crassostrea gigas and ruditapes philippinarum. | the impact of diets upon the fatty acid composition of haemocyte polar lipids and consequently upon immune parameters has been tested in the oyster crassostrea gigas and the clam ruditapes philippinarum. oysters and clams were fed each of three cultured algae: chaetoceros calcitrans, which is rich in 20:5(n-3) and 20:4(n-6) and poor in 22:6(n-3) fatty acids; t-iso (isochrysis sp.), which is rich in 22:6(n-3) and deficient in 20:5(n-3) and 20:4(n-6); and tetraselmis suecica, which is deficient in ... | 2003 | 12878673 |
| a small chimerically bifunctional monomeric protein: tapes japonica lysozyme. | the lysozyme of the marine bilave tapes japonica (13.8 kda) is a novel protein. the protein has 46% homology with the destabilase from medicinal leech that has isopeptidase activity. based on these data, we confirmed hydrolysis activity of t. japonica lysozyme against three substrates: l-gamma-glu-pna, d-gamma-glu-pna, and epsilon-(gamma-glu)-l-lys. the optimal ph of chitinase and isopeptidase activity was 5.0 and 7.0, respectively. the isopeptidase activity was inhibited with serine protease in ... | 2003 | 14523554 |
| salinity effects on immune parameters of ruditapes philippinarum challenged with vibrio tapetis. | the occurrence of brown ring disease (brd) in farmed manila clams ruditapes philippinarum is seasonal. development of the disease is believed to require the presence of the infective agent vibrio tapetis and particular environmental conditions. this paper studies the effect of salinity (20 to 40 per thousand) on measurable immune parameters of manila clams, and the progression of brd in experimentally infected individuals. at 20 per thousand salinity, the total haemocyte count was reduced and di ... | 2003 | 14667037 |
| reduction of adhesion properties of ruditapes philippinarum hemocytes exposed to vibrio tapetis. | vibrio tapetis is the causative agent of brown ring disease (brd), which affects a species of clam, ruditapes philippinarum. after incubation with v. tapetis, hemocytes lose filopods and become rounded, indicating cytotoxic activity of the bacterium. to rapidly quantify this cytotoxicity, a flow-cytometry test was developed based on the capacity of v. tapetis to inhibit adhesion of clam hemocytes to plastic. several bacteria:hemocyte ratios, the cytotoxicity of other vibrio spp. pathogenic to bi ... | 2003 | 14735928 |
| understanding the differences in cd and zn bioaccumulation and subcellular storage among different populations of marine clams. | the marine clams mactra veneriformis were collected from three different locations in a contaminated bay in northern china. another species of clams ruditapes philippinarum was collected from the same contaminated bay as well as from a relatively clean site in hong kong. the indices of cd and zn bioaccumulation (assimilation efficiency, dissolved uptake rate, and efflux rate), tissue concentration, subcellular distribution, metallothionein (mt) content, and clearance rate of the clams were subse ... | 2004 | 14750719 |
| sediment quality in the atlantic coast of spain. | sediments from the atlantic coast of spain have been studied to evaluate environmental quality by using an integrated approach including chemical and toxicological data. sediment samples were collected in four littoral ecosystems located in spain, bay of cádiz, guadalquivir river estuary, ría of huelva, and ría of coruña. to characterize the sediments, organic carbon, granulometric content, total sulfide, eight trace metals (hg, cd, pb, cu, zn, as, ni, and cr), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), ... | 2004 | 14982372 |
| evaluation of mollusks as biomonitors to investigate heavy metal contaminations along the chinese bohai sea. | two gastropod species (rapana venosa and neverita didyma) and three bivalve species (mytilus edulis, crassostrea talienwhanensis and ruditapes philippinarum) were collected from eight sites along the coastline of the chinese bohai sea for the investigation of heavy metal contaminations. cd, co, cu, ni, pb and zn were analyzed by using pressure nebulization-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. two certified reference materials dogfish mussel (dorm-2) and mussel (gbw 08571) were used to v ... | 2004 | 15081700 |
| purification and characterisation of a lectin isolated from the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum in korea. | the characteristics of a lectin from the marine bivalve ruditapes philippinarum (manila clam) were investigated in this study. a method was developed for the isolation of the manila clam lectin (mcl). affinity chromatography using mucin-sepharose, ion-exchange chromatography with deae-toyoperl, and gel filtration with superose 6 were used for mcl isolation. sds-page showed that the mcl protein had a molecular mass of 138 kda, and consisted of 74-, 34-, and 30-kda subunits. the native lectin in s ... | 2004 | 15123291 |
| the influence of ph and salinity on the toxicity of heavy metals in sediment to the estuarine clam ruditapes philippinarum. | an approach is presented for determining the influence of two key variables, ph and salinity (s), on the toxicity of four common heavy metals bound to sediments in estuaries. two samples of environmental sediment taken from two estuaries in southern spain (the huelva estuary and the guadalquivir river estuary), together with a dilution of toxic mud from the aznalcóllar (spain) mining spill (april 1998) were used to determine their toxicity at different values of ph (6.5, 7.5, and 8.5) and salini ... | 2004 | 15180359 |
| determination of the complete cdna sequence, construction of expression systems, and elucidation of fibrinolytic activity for tapes japonica lysozyme. | the lysozyme of the marine bivalve, tapes japonica (13.8 kda), belongs to the invertebrate lysozyme family and displays both chitinase and isopeptidase activities. we determined the complete cdna sequence and constructed effective expression systems for this enzyme using escherichia coli (bl21) and pichia pastoris. the native and recombinant proteins indicated lysozyme activity and isopeptidase activity, including the proteolysis of d-dimer, a plasminolytic product of stabilized polymeric fibrin ... | 2004 | 15249048 |
| effect of temperature on defense parameters in manila clam ruditapes philippinarum challenged with vibrio tapetis. | brown ring disease (brd), a vibriosis affecting the clam ruditapes philippinarum, is present on the atlantic coasts of western europe and is considered to be a cold water disease. the present work investigated the effect of temperature on immune response and its relationships with brd development. clams maintained at different temperatures (8, 14 and 21 degrees c) were experimentally challenged with the pathogen vibrio tapetis, the etiologic agent of brd. results demonstrated significant effects ... | 2004 | 15264721 |
| geochemical survey and metal bioaccumulation of three bivalve species (crassostrea gigas, cerastoderma edule and ruditapes philippinarum) in the nord medoc salt marshes (gironde estuary, france). | a 15-month experiment combining a geochemical survey of cd, cu, zn and hg with a bioaccumulation study for three filter-feeding bivalve species (oysters, crassostrea gigas; cockles, cerastoderma edule; and clams, ruditapes philippinarum) was conducted in a breeding basin of the nord medoc salt marshes connected to the gironde estuary, which is affected by historic polymetallic pollution. regular manual surface measurements of temperature, salinity, ph and dissolved o(2) concentration and hourly ... | 2005 | 15626396 |
| bioaccumulation and toxicity of dissolved heavy metals from the guadalquivir estuary after the aznalcóllar mining spill using ruditapes philippinarum. | the shore clam ruditapes philippinarum was used as a biomonitoring organism to measure the potential impact that the mining spill in the guadalquivir estuary (sw, spain) in 1998 may have exerted on local biota. individuals were exposed to dissolved cadmium, copper, and zinc at concentrations found in local waters after the spill (3 microg x l(-1) cd, 15 microg x l(-1) cu, 700 microg x l(-1) zn) at two salinity values: 10 and 35. residues of metals were measured in gill and digestive gland, toget ... | 2005 | 15696344 |
| study on the contamination of heavy metals and their correlations in mollusks collected from coastal sites along the chinese bohai sea. | mollusks living in seas can accumulate heavy metals, and may serve as excellent passive biomonitors. during a period of 1 year, bioaccumulation of as, cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, mn, ni, pb, se, and zn was examined in nine kinds of mollusks (rapana venosa, neverita didyma, scapharca subcrenata, mytilus edulis, amusium, crassostrea talienwhanensis, meretix meretrix, ruditapes philippinarum, and mactra veneriformis), which were collected at eight coastal sites along the chinese bohai sea. metal concen ... | 2005 | 15936079 |
| incorporation and modification of dietary fatty acids in gill polar lipids by two bivalve species crassostrea gigas and ruditapes philippinarum. | two bivalve species crassostrea gigas and ruditapes philippinarum were fed eight weeks with three mono-specific algae diets: t-isochrysis galbana, tetraselmis suecica, chaetoceros calcitrans, selected on the basis of their polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa) composition. the incorporation and the modification of dietary fatty acids in c. gigas and r. philippinarum gill lipids were analysed and compared. essential pufa (20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3) and non-methylene interrupted pufas (known to be ... | 2005 | 15936706 |
| first report of three protozoan parasites (a haplosporidian, marteilia sp. and marteilioides sp.) from the manila clam, venerupis (=ruditapes) philippinarum in japan. | recently, natural stocks of the manila clam, venerupis (=ruditapes) philippinarum, have been drastically reduced in japan. to clarify the reason for this decline in number, clams were sampled monthly from yamaguchi and processed for histological observations, during which three protozoan parasites were discovered. transmission electron microscopy revealed that these parasites were unidentified haplosporidian in the connective tissues, marteilia sp. in the digestive gland and marteilioides sp. in ... | 2005 | 15955337 |
| phenoloxidase activity in three commercial bivalve species. changes due to natural infestation with perkinsus atlanticus. | the phenoloxidase (po) activity of the haemolymph and haemocytes from three clam species of commercial interest (ruditapes philippinarum, chamelea gallina and tapes decussatus) has been compared. the activity was assayed spectrophotometrically by recording the formation of dopachrome from l-dopa using sodium dodecyl sulphate, laminarin, trypsin or lipopolysaccharide as elicitors. fewer po units were observed in the haemolymph from t. decussatus than in the haemolymph from r. philippinarum, while ... | 2006 | 15979898 |
| effects of the pathogenic vibrio tapetis on defence factors of susceptible and non-susceptible bivalve species: ii. cellular and biochemical changes following in vivo challenge. | this work compared the effect of challenge with vibrio tapetis, the etiologic agent of brown ring disease (brd) in clams, and other bacterial strains on defence-related factors in four bivalve species: ruditapes philippinarum (highly susceptible to brd), r. decussatus (slightly susceptible to brd), mercenaria mercenaria and crassostrea virginica (both non-susceptible to brd). results show that bacterial challenge modulated defence-related factors, namely total and differential haemocyte counts, ... | 2006 | 16005645 |
| effects of the pathogenic vibrio tapetis on defence factors of susceptible and non-susceptible bivalve species: i. haemocyte changes following in vitro challenge. | in microbial infections, the interaction between microorganisms and phagocytic cells is a crucial determinant in the outcome of the disease process. we used flow cytometry to study the in vitro interactions between vibrio tapetis, the bacterium responsible for brown ring disease (brd) in the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum, and haemocytes from three bivalve species: the manila clam (susceptible to brd), the hard clam mercenaria mercenaria and the eastern oyster crassostrea virginica (both no ... | 2006 | 16023865 |
| use of molecular markers for species identification of korean perkinsus sp. isolated from manila clams ruditapes philippinarum. | perkinsus is the pathogen responsible for mass mortality of the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum. perkinsus sp. isolated from manila clams collected in korean waters was assayed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to determine its phylogenetic affinity with other congeneric species. regions of rrna of perkinsus sp. isolated from clam haemolymph were cloned and sequenced. sequences of a non-transcribed spacer (nts), internal transcribed spacers (its 1, 2) and 5.8s rrna genes were compared to th ... | 2005 | 16261941 |
| field validation of antioxidant enzyme biomarkers in mussels (perna viridis) and clams (ruditapes philippinarum) transplanted in hong kong coastal waters. | green-lipped mussels, perna viridis, and manila clams, ruditapes philippinarum were sourced from "clean" sites in the hong kong region, depurated in a laboratory using uncontaminated filtered seawater for 8 days, and transplanted to a suspected gradient of chemically polluted sites in hong kong. after 14- and 28-days of field exposure, several antioxidant parameters including glutathione s transferase (gst), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), and glutathione (gsh) were quantified in g ... | 2005 | 16291185 |
| [effect of a ruditapes philippinarum diet on the development of experimental fatty liver in rabbits]. | | 2006 | 16420774 |
| tributyltin contamination of bivalves in coastal areas around northern kyushu, japan. | we determined tributyltin (tbt) concentrations in bivalve samples of blue mussel (myitlus edulis), manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum) and pen shell (atrina pectinata) collected from coastal areas around northern kyushu in 1998 and 2001. tbt was detected in all bivalve samples collected, ranging in concentration from 0.008 to 0.135 microg/g wet wt. in hakata port, which is an industrial area, high tbt concentrations were detected in bivalves (blue mussel, maximum concentration of 0.135 microg/ ... | 2006 | 16646019 |
| analysis of est and lectin expressions in hemocytes of manila clams (ruditapes philippinarum) (bivalvia: mollusca) infected with perkinsus olseni. | the hemocytes of invertebrates play key roles in both cellular and humoral immune reactions by phagocytosis or delivering immune factors such as lectin and anti-microbial peptides. bacterial infection causes changes in components such as lectins, anti-bacterial peptides, and lysosomal enzymes of plasma or hemolymph in molluscs. previously, we found that infection with the protozoan parasite, perkinsus, increases lectin synthesis in hemocytes. in order to investigate the patterns of genes express ... | 2006 | 16690126 |
| molecular fingerprinting of vibrio tapetis strains using three pcr-based methods: eric-pcr, rep-pcr and rapd. | brown ring disease (brd) is a bacterial disease caused by vibrio tapetis which affects cultured clams and causes heavy economic losses. in this study, 28 v. tapetis strains isolated from 5 different hosts were intraspecifically characterized by 3 different polymerase chain reaction- (pcr-) based typing methods: enterobacteria repetitive intergenic consensus (eric)-pcr, repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep)-pcr and randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)-pcr. cluster analysis of genetic profi ... | 2006 | 16724561 |
| trace metal concentrations in suspended particles, sediments and clams (ruditapes philippinarum) from jiaozhou bay of china. | suspended particulate matter (spm), sediments and clams were collected at three sites in jiaozhou bay to assess the magnitude of trace metal pollution in the area. metal concentrations in spm (cu: 40.11-203; zn: 118-447; pb: 50.1-132; cd: 0.55-4.39; cr: 147.6-288; mn: 762-1670 microg/g), sediments (cu: 17.64-34.26; zn: 80.79-110; pb: 24.57-49.59; cd: 0.099-0.324; cr: 41.6-88.1; mn: 343-520 microg/g) and bivalves (cu: 6.41-19.76; zn: 35.5-85.5; pb: 0.31-1.01; cd: 0.51-0.67; mn: 27.45-67.6 microg/ ... | 2006 | 16738770 |
| occurrence of perkinsus olseni in the venus clam protothaca jedoensis in korean waters. | this is the first report of the occurrence of perkinsus olseni in the venus clam protothaca jedoensis off the western and southern coasts of south korea. histological observations revealed perkinsus-like organisms in the mantle, gills, digestive tubules, and gonad. haemocytic infiltration and tissue necrosis were also observed in heavily infected clams. hypnospore formation of the perkinsus-like organism was confirmed with ray's fluid thioglycollate medium assay (rftm). when incubated in filtere ... | 2006 | 16764886 |
| lectin from the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum is induced upon infection with the protozoan parasite perkinsus olseni. | glycan-binding proteins (lectins) are widely expressed in many invertebrates, although the biosynthesis and functions of the lectins are not well understood. here we report that manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum) synthesizes a lectin termed manila clam lectin (mcl) upon infection with the protozoan parasite perkinsus olseni. mcl is synthesized in hemocytes as a approximately 74-kda precursor and secreted into hemolymph where it is converted to 30- and 34-kda polypeptides. the synthesis of mcl ... | 2006 | 16785239 |
| investigation of organochlorine pesticides (ocps) in mollusks collected from coastal sites along the chinese bohai sea from 2002 to 2004. | mollusks living in seas can accumulate organochlorine pesticides (ocps). the residue levels of selected ocps: dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-ddt, o,p'-ddt, p,p'-dde, p,p'-ddd), hexachlorocyclohexanes (alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-hch) in gastropod and bivalve species collected from ten coastal cites along the chinese bohai sea were investigated from 2002 to 2004. the species included nine kinds of mollusks: rapana venosa, neverita didyma, scapharca subcrenata, mytilus edulis, amusium, ... | 2007 | 16978749 |
| repeated sampling of individual bivalve mollusks i: intraindividual variability and consequences for haemolymph constituents of the manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum. | components of the haemolymph are understood to constitute the internal defense system of bivalve mollusks and their levels are often considered to be indicators of "health"; however, relatively little proof exists of the role that these elements play in the success or failure of defense against a pathogen. a change associated with infection may be the consequence of disease rather than a measure of the capacity to respond effectively to a pathogen. one way to assess whether haemocyte or serum-co ... | 2007 | 17175171 |
| the susceptibility of irish-grown and galician-grown manila clams, ruditapes philippinarum, to vibrio tapetis and brown ring disease. | brown ring disease (brd), which affects the manila clam in europe, is caused by the bacterium, vibrio tapetis. brd has been diagnosed in ireland on only one occasion (1997) although the aetiological agent has recently been detected in apparently healthy manila clams from a number of sites around the irish coast. the present work investigated the susceptibilities to brd of two stocks of manila clams, one from ireland and the second from galicia, north-western spain, where brd has been reported on ... | 2007 | 17296205 |
| temporal occurrence of cryptosporidium in the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum in northern adriatic italian lagoons. | in order to evaluate the temporal occurrence of cryptosporidium oocysts in ruditapes philippinarum clams bred along the northeastern italian adriatic coast and molecularly characterize the isolates, 2,160 specimens (180 clams per month) were collected from three clam farms from january to december 2004. two farms (sites a and b) were located in venice (chioggia, veneto region) and one (site c) in the marano lagoons (friuli venezia giulia region). clams from 36 pools (i.e., one pool of 60 clams p ... | 2007 | 17340889 |
| [secondary productivity of macrobenthos in jiaozhou bay]. | from september 2003 to september 2004, seven cruises bimonthly survey was conducted on the macrobenthos at five research stations in the jiaozhou bay, and the abundance, biomass, secondary productivity, and p/b value of the macrobenthos were studied by using brey' s empirical formula. the results showed that the secondary productivity of the macrobenthos was averagely 47.34 g x m(-2) x a(-1), and the mean p/b value was 0.58. correlation analysis indicated that chl-a was the important environment ... | 2007 | 17396515 |
| biomarkers study for sediment quality assessment in spanish ports using the crab carcinus maenas and the clam ruditapes philippinarum. | intermolt crab carcinus maenas and clam ruditapes philippinarum were used to determine the toxicity of sediments collected in four spanish ports (cádiz, huelva, pasajes, and bilbao) under laboratory conditions during 28 days. sediment samples were analyzed to determine chemical concentration of metals (as, cd, cr, cu, fe, hg, mn, ni, pb, and zn), polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, grain size distribution, and organic matter content. different biomarkers of exposure of early bi ... | 2007 | 17502980 |
| field validation of a battery of biomarkers to assess sediment quality in spanish ports. | two marine invertebrates, the crab carcinus maenas and the clam ruditapes philippinarum, were used as bioindicator species to assess contamination when exposed in situ to sediment from different sites from four spanish ports cadiz (sw spain), huelva (sw spain), bilbao (ne spain) and pasajes (ne spain). in an attempt to determine sediments toxicity, a combination of exposure biomarkers was analyzed in both species: metallothionein-like-proteins (mtlps), ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod), glutat ... | 2008 | 17582664 |
| hemocyte responses of manila clams, ruditapes philippinarum, with varying parasite, perkinsus olseni, severity to toxic-algal exposures. | this study assessed the possible combined effects of harmful algae and parasite infection on hemocyte and hemolymph parameters of a bivalve mollusc. manila clams ruditapes philippinarum, were exposed for 1 week, under controlled laboratory conditions, to bloom concentrations of two cultured dinoflagellates: karenia selliformis, and karenia mikimotoi, with demonstrated, sub-lethal, pathological effects upon these bivalves. each dinoflagellate treatment was added to a basal diet of chaetoceros neo ... | 2007 | 17727971 |
| two trichodinid ectoparasites from marine molluscs in the yellow sea, off china, with the description of trichodina caecellae n. sp. (protozoa: ciliophora: peritrichia). | the morphology and infraciliature of two ectoparasitic ciliates, trichodina caecellae n. sp. and t. ruditapicis xu, song & warren, 2000, parasitising the gills of marine molluscs from the shandong coast of the yellow sea, china, were investigated following wet silver nitrate and protargol impregnation. t. caecellae was found on the small marine sand clam caecella chinensis deshayes and is distinguished mainly by the acute triangle-like blade, the very delicate central part and the needle-shaped ... | 2008 | 18030597 |
| immunological responses of the manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum) with varying parasite (perkinsus olseni) burden, during a long-term exposure to the harmful alga, karenia selliformis, and possible interactions. | the present study evaluated the possible effects of a toxic dinoflagellate, karenia selliformis, upon immunological hemocyte functions of the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum, and on the progression of infection by perkinsus olseni. clams with variable levels of perkinsosis were exposed for 6 weeks to simulated blooms of cultured the k. selliformis (10(2) and 10(3)cell ml(-1)). samples were collected after 0, 2, 3, and 6 weeks of exposure. the following hemocyte parameters were measured by fl ... | 2008 | 18171580 |
| the role of biomarkers to assess oil-contaminated sediment quality using toxicity tests with clams and crabs. | a 28-d bioassay was conducted with two invertebrate species with different feeding habits, the clam ruditapes philippinarum and the shore crab carcinus maenas. the purpose of the present study was to assess the quality of sediments affected by oil spills in different areas of the spanish coast. the organisms were exposed to environmental samples of oil-contaminated sediments during four weeks and, after the experiment, a suite of biomarkers of exposure was measured: the phase one detoxification ... | 2008 | 18198936 |
| accumulation and histopathological damage in the clam ruditapes philippinarum and the crab carcinus maenas to assess sediment toxicity in spanish ports. | the degree of contamination and toxicity in sediment from four spanish ports (cádiz, huelva, pasajes and bilbao) was assessed in the present study. two marine invertebrate species, the shore crab carcinus maenas and the clam ruditapes philippinarum, were exposed to the different sediments under laboratory conditions for 28 days. relationships were developed among metal contamination (as, cd, cr, cu, fe, hg, mn, ni, pb and zn) in sediments, metal accumulation in gill tissues and histopathological ... | 2008 | 18313100 |
| purification and antibacterial characterization of a novel isoform of the manila clam lectin (mcl-4) from the plasma of the manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum. | in many bivalve molluscs, lectins are present in the hemolymph and are thought to be important for internal host defense mechanisms. for this study, we purified a novel isoform of the manila clam lectin (designated mcl-4) from the plasma of the manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum, using affinity chromatography and gel filtration. native page results showed that the mcl-4 consisted of 70 kda protein. mcl-4 was found to be composed of 58-kda and 43-kda bands when examined using sds-page under red ... | 2008 | 18337136 |
| noble tandem-repeat galectin of manila clam ruditapes philippinarum is induced upon infection with the protozoan parasite perkinsus olseni. | the galectin family of lectins plays crucial roles in the innate immunity systems of vertebrates and invertebrates. noble galectin (mcgal) was cloned from the marine invertebrate ruditapes philippinarum and characterized. this protein has an open reading frame of 918 nucleotides, with 309 amino acid residues, and a predicted molecular weight of 33.9kda. similar to other galectins, mcgal has neither a signal peptide nor a transmembrane domain, but it contains tandemly repeated carbohydrate recogn ... | 2008 | 18440068 |
| pathology survey of the short-neck clam ruditapes philippinarum occurring on sandy tidal flats along the coast of ariake bay, kyushu, japan. | the pathological condition of the short-neck clam ruditapes philippinarum was surveyed along the coast of kumamoto, japan, in june 2004. dna sequences of the non-transcribed spacer region and internal transcribed spacer region flanking 5.8s rrna identified perkinsus olseni among the clams. ray's fluid thioglycollate medium assay indicated that 96.7% of the clams surveyed from the kiguchi river tidal flat (native clams, stn kr-n) and 96.7% of the clams surveyed from the midori river tidal flat (s ... | 2008 | 18602398 |
| djla, a membrane-anchored dnaj-like protein, is required for cytotoxicity of clam pathogen vibrio tapetis to hemocytes. | djla is an inner membrane cochaperone belonging to the dnaj family, which has been shown to be involved in legionella sp. pathogenesis. in this study, we explored the role of this protein in the physiology and virulence of vibrio tapetis, the etiological agent of brown ring disease (brd) in manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum). analysis of the djla locus in v. tapetis revealed a putative organization in an operon with a downstream gene that we designated duf924(vt), which encodes a conserved pr ... | 2008 | 18641167 |
| characterization, tissue expression, and immunohistochemical localization of mcl3, a c-type lectin produced by perkinsus olseni-infected manila clams (ruditapes philippinarum). | a novel c-type lectin designated manila clam lectin 3 (mcl3), with a molecular weight of 17.380kda, was identified among haemocyte expressed sequence tags of perkinsus olseni-infected manila clams. mcl3 was expressed in escherichia coli m15 cells and purified with a ni-nta his-binding resin matrix. mcl3 agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes in the presence of ca(+2). mcl3-induced agglutination was partially inhibited by galnac, man, lactose, and raffinose, whereas the polysaccharides bovine mucin typ ... | 2008 | 18721887 |
| brown muscle disease (bmd), an emergent pathology affecting manila clam ruditapes philippinarum in arcachon bay (sw france). | we describe an emerging pathology, brown muscle disease (bmd), which specifically affects the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum in arcachon bay (france). bmd induces a transformation of the posterior adductor muscle, which becomes infused by conchiolin and calcified, reducing the ability of clams to bury. the disease affects both types of muscular tissue, with striated muscle becoming affected to a higher degree than smooth muscle. two indices were created to quantify the symptoms: the muscle ... | 2008 | 18814547 |
| benthic ecosystem development in an artificial tidal flat constructed from dredged spoil. | dredged spoil (ds) was used as a silt and clay additive in the construction of artificial tidal flats from mountain sand (ms). as the ratio of ds in the sediment media increased, the number of emerging macrobenthos increased. the composition of the macrobenthic community was also affected by the addition of ds, and the changes might be dependent on the ratio of ds to ms. in addition, the macrobenthos in the artificial tidal flats was more abundant than that in the control tidal flat, which was c ... | 2008 | 18834603 |
| vibrio tapetis-like strain isolated from introduced manila clams ruditapes philippinarum showing symptoms of brown ring disease in norway. | the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum was introduced to norway in 1987 and was produced in 2 hatcheries until 1991. clam seed was planted at 6 sites. two sites were on the island of tysnes, south of bergen. surviving adult manila clams were recovered in 1995 and 1996. in the present study, manila clams from the original seeding that displayed morphological signs of brown ring disease (brd) were recovered in june 2003 (n=7) and in june 2004 (n=17). samples from extrapallial fluid, tissues and h ... | 2008 | 18924380 |
| vibrio gallaecicus sp. nov. isolated from cultured clams in north-western spain. | a group of three motile facultative anaerobic marine bacteria were isolated from cultured manila clams (ruditapes philippinarum) in galicia, north-western spain. the strains were characterized phenotypically and genotypically. phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene and four housekeeping genes, rna polymerase alpha-chain (rpoa), reca protein (reca), the alpha-subunit of bacterial atp synthase (atpa) and the uridine monophosphate (ump) kinase (pyrh), indicated that these strains were closely r ... | 2009 | 19186015 |
| gymnophallid digenean parvatrema duboisi uses manila clam as the first and second intermediate host. | to identify the metacercariae of a gymnophallid trematode in the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum from the ariake sea, experimental infection and molecular analysis were conducted. based on the morphology of adult worms obtained from experimentally infected mice, the parasite was identified as parvatrema duboisi. comparison of internal transcribed spacer (its) region of ribosomal dna (rdna) sequences for metacercariae and sporocysts from manila clams and adult worms collected from wild wigeon ... | 2009 | 19460459 |
| virus-like particles associated with brown muscle disease in manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum, in arcachon bay (france). | recently, manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum, populations have suffered mortalities in arcachon bay (sw france). mortality was associated with extensive lesions of the posterior adductor muscle, which become progressively brown and calcified. ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy revealed tissue degradation with necrotized muscle fibres and granulocytomas. unenveloped virus-like particles (vlps) were detected in muscle, granulocytic, epithelial and rectal cells. vlps ... | 2009 | 19476559 |
| using ruditapes philippinarum conglutination mud to produce bioflocculant and its applications in wastewater treatment. | a novel bioflocculant-producing bacterium, zht4-13, was isolated from ruditapes philippinarum conglutination mud. by biomicroscope morphological observation, 16s rdna sequence identification and physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain zht4-13 was identified as rothia sp. the bioflocculant mbf4-13 produced by strain zht4-13 had a flocculating efficiency of 86.22% for 5 g l(-1) kaolin clay suspension when the initial ph was 9 and the temperature was 20 degrees c. it had flocculating ... | 2009 | 19535246 |
| vibrio breoganii sp. nov., a non-motile, alginolytic, marine bacterium within the vibrio halioticoli clade. | seven non-motile, facultatively anaerobic, alginolytic marine bacteria were isolated from the cultured clams ruditapes philippinarum and ruditapes decussatus. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences showed that these marine bacteria were closely related to the recently described species vibrio comitans, vibrio rarus and vibrio inusitatus (>or=99.0 % sequence similarity). phylogenetic analysis based on the housekeeping genes rpoa, reca and atpa grouped the isolates together and all ... | 2009 | 19542146 |
| distribution of butyltins (tbt, dbt, mbt) in sediments of gulf of cádiz (spain) and its bioaccumulation in the clam ruditapes philippinarum. | surface sediment samples were analyzed for organotins namely tributyltin (tbt), dibutyltin and monobutyltin from six areas located in the gulf of cádiz (14 stations), spain. the total butyltin ranged between undetected and 1,580 ng sn g(-1). tbt generally prevailed in most of the samples, suggesting fresh inputs of butyltin compounds and/or less degradation of tbt. the observed levels of butyltins at several sites are much higher than that required to induce toxic effect on marine organisms, sug ... | 2009 | 19618267 |
| nitrogen stable isotope ratio in the manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum, reflects eutrophication levels in tidal flats. | understanding the effects of anthropogenic eutrophication on coastal fisheries may help in the enhancement of fishery production by effective utilization of sewage effluents, as well as in the consequent reduction of eutrophication. in this study, it was revealed that the nitrogen stable isotope ratio (delta(15)n) in the soft tissues of the manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum, can be used as an indicator of anthropogenic eutrophication levels in tidal flat environments by investigation of delta ... | 2009 | 19647270 |
| aliivibrio finisterrensis sp. nov., isolated from manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum and emended description of the genus aliivibrio. | four strains isolated from cultured manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum, in the north-western coast of spain were characterized phenotypically and genotypically. phylogenetic analyses based on the 16s rrna gene sequences indicated that these bacteria were closely related to aliivibrio wodanis, aliivibrio salmonicida, aliivibrio fischeri and aliivibrio logei with sequence similarities between 98.1 and 96.0 %. phylogenetic analysis based on the rna polymerase alpha chain (rpoa), reca protein (rec ... | 2010 | 19648323 |
| effect of some habitual cooking processes on the domoic acid concentration in the cockle (cerastoderma edule) and manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum). | the effect of cooking on the concentration and burden of domoic acid in two bivalve molluscs was studied. the manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum) and cockle (cerastoderma edule) were subjected to steaming and boiling, respectively. in both cases, factorial plans were used to evaluate the effects of common cooking methods and the variations likely to take place during the cooking procedure (cooking time and salt concentration in both species, in addition to ethanol percentage in manila clam). t ... | 2009 | 19680984 |
| clam shell repair from the brown ring disease: a study of the organic matrix using confocal raman micro-spectrometry and wds microprobe. | since 1987, the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum has been regularly affected by the brown ring disease (brd), an epizootic caused by the bacterium vibrio tapetis. this disease is characterized by the development of a brown deposit on the inner face of valves. while most of the clams die from the brd infection, some of them are able to recover by mineralizing a new repair shell layer, which covers the brown deposit by a process of encapsulation. the purpose of this work was to study the organi ... | 2010 | 19838689 |
| phylogenetic relationship of perkinsus olseni from the ebro delta, spain, to other perkinsus species, based on ribosomal dna sequences. | the phylogenetic relationship of perkinsus olseni originating from the ebro delta, spain, to other perkinsus spp. was investigated using the nontranscribed spacer (nts) region and the internal transcribed spacer (its) region (including its1, 5.8s and its2) of the ribosomal dna sequences. these 2 molecular markers (nts and its) were sequenced from prezoosporangia of perkinsus sp. originating from manila clam ruditapes philippinarum from the ebro delta. the sequence of the 5.8s its region of the r ... | 2009 | 19902842 |
| resistance to brown ring disease in the manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum: a study of selected stocks showing a recovery process by shell repair. | european stocks of the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum are affected by the brown ring disease (brd), which is caused by vibrio tapetis. brd is characterized by an accumulation of a brown organic matrix on the inner face of the shell. clams that recover from brd develop a white mineralized layer covering the brown matrix. stocks of clams that showed resistance to brd development, as enhanced recovery, have been monitored since 2000. we have examined two selected stocks: a low susceptibility ( ... | 2010 | 20035765 |
| detection of sapoviruses and noroviruses in an outbreak of gastroenteritis linked genetically to shellfish. | norovirus (nov) and sapovirus (sav) are important pathogens of human gastroenteritis. compared to nov, the transmission route of sav is unclear. an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a restaurant in june 2008, and sav and nov were detected in fecal specimens from 17 people who ate at the restaurant and one asymptomatic food handler and also in stripped shellfish and liquids remaining in the shellfish packages by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and/or real-time rt-pc ... | 2010 | 20513092 |
| isolation and identification of perkinsus olseni from feces and marine sediment using immunological and molecular techniques. | molecular and immunological probes were used to identify various life stages of perkinsus olseni, a protozoan parasite of the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum, from a marine environment and decomposing clam tissue. western blotting revealed that the antigenic determinants of the rabbit anti-p. olseni antibody developed in this study were peptides with molecular masses of 55.9, 24.0, and 19.2kda. immunofluorescent assay indicated that the rabbit anti-p. olseni igg was specific to all life stag ... | 2010 | 20691188 |
| vibrio celticus sp. nov., a new vibrio species belonging to the splendidus clade with pathogenic potential for clams. | a group of four motile facultative anaerobic marine isolates (rd 8.15(t) [=cect 7224(t), =lmg 23850(t)], rd 16.13, rd 6.8 [=lmg 25696] and rd2l5) were obtained from cultured clams (ruditapes philippinarum and venerupis pullastra) in galicia, north-western spain. they formed a tight phylogenetic group based on sequences of the 16s rrna gene and the four housekeeping genes rpoa (encoding the α-chain of rna polymerase), rpod (encoding the sigma factor of rna polymerase), reca (encoding reca protein ... | 2010 | 20724091 |
| interactive effects of metal contamination and pathogenic organisms on the introduced marine bivalve ruditapes philippinarum in european populations. | in natural environment, marine organisms are concomitantly exposed to pollutants and multiple disease agents resulting in detrimental interactions. the present study evaluated interactive effects of metal contamination (cadmium) and pathogenic organisms (trematode parasites himasthla elongata and pathogenic bacteria vibrio tapetis) singularly and in combination on the bivalve ruditapes philippinarum, an introduced species to europe, under laboratory controlled conditions. after 7 days, metal bio ... | 2010 | 20800936 |
| experimental evaluation of the pathogenicity of perkinsus olseni in juvenile manila clams ruditapes philippinarum. | we evaluated the pathogenicity of perkinsus olseni towards the manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum, by an experimental challenge. for production of prezoosporangia of p. olseni, we injected uninfected manila clams with cells of a pure strain of p. olseni and reared them for 7d. prezoosporangia were isolated from the soft tissue of the injected clams after culturing in ray's fluid thioglycollate medium. hatchery-reared, uninfected juvenile clams (3-10 mm shell length) were challenged by immersio ... | 2010 | 20807538 |
| vibrio atlanticus sp. nov. and vibrio artabrorum sp. nov. isolated from clams ruditapes philippinarum and r. decussatus. | facultative anaerobic marine bacteria isolated from cultured clams ruditapes decussatus and ruditapes philippinarum were previously investigated using aflp and 16s rrna gene sequences analyses. the isolates formed two aflp clusters and belonged to the genus vibrio, more precisely to the splendidus clade. in this study, phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the housekeeping genes rpoa, rpod, pyrh, atpa and reca supported their inclusion in that clade forming two well differentiated groups w ... | 2010 | 21075909 |
| comparison of antibacterial activity in the hemolymph of marine bivalves from galicia (nw spain). | a screening study of in vitro antibacterial activity was conducted in marine bivalves with economical importance and widespread along the coast of galicia (nw spain). hemocyte lysate supernatant (hls) and plasma of mytilus galloprovincialis, ostrea edulis, crassostrea gigas, ruditapes decussatus, ruditapes philippinarum, and cerastoderma edule were incubated with vibrio splendidus and micrococcus sp. hls and plasma for all the species demonstrated antibacterial activity, and c. edule had the hig ... | 2010 | 21134379 |
| variability of shell repair in the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum affected by the brown ring disease: a microstructural and biochemical study. | for more than two decades, the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum has been regularly affected by brown ring disease (brd), an epizootic event caused by the bacterium vibrio tapetis and characterized by the development of a brown deposit on the inner face of valves. although brd infection is often lethal, some clams recover by mineralizing a new repair shell layer, which covers the brown deposit and fully isolates it from living tissues. in order to understand this specific shell repair process, ... | 2010 | 21168415 |
| evidence for the role of horizontal transfer in generating pvt1, a large mosaic conjugative plasmid from the clam pathogen, vibrio tapetis. | the marine bacterium vibrio tapetis is the causative agent of the brown ring disease, which affects the clam ruditapes philippinarum and causes heavy economic losses in north of europe and in eastern asia. further characterization of v. tapetis isolates showed that all the investigated strains harbored at least one large plasmid. we determined the sequence of the 82,266 bp plasmid pvt1 from the cect4600(t) reference strain and analyzed its genetic content. pvt1 is a mosaic plasmid closely relate ... | 2011 | 21326607 |
| spatio-temporal patterns of perkinsosis in the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum from arcachon bay (sw france). | pathogens belonging to the genus perkinsus infect many bivalve molluscan species around the world, including the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum. we investigated the spatial distribution of this parasite at 34 stations throughout arcachon bay (sw france). prevalence of perkinsosis was 93% and mean infection abundance was 96 x 10(3) cells g(-1) wet gill. lowest mean abundances were found close to the leyre river mouth and a significant negative correlation was observed between mean abundance ... | 2010 | 21387994 |