| zika virus infections in nigeria: virological and seroepidemiological investigations in oyo state. | a study of zika virus infections was carried out in four communities in oyo state, nigeria. virus isolation studies between 1971 and 1975 yielded two virus isolations from human cases of mild febrile illness. haemagglutination-inhibition tests revealed a high prevalence of antibodies to zika and three other flaviviruses used. the percentages of positive sera were as follows: zika (31%), yellow fever (50%), west nile (46%), and wesselsbron (59%). neutralization tests showed that 40% of nigerians ... | 1979 | 489960 |
| [serological and entomological study on yellow fever in sierra leone]. | in a serological and entomological survey on yellow fever carried out in sierra-leone in 1972, altogether 899 sera from children 0 to 14 years were tested with 12 antigens by haemagglutination-inhibition and complement fixation tests. mouse neutralization test with yellow fever, west-nile and zika viruses were also performed on selected sera. generally speaking, the incidence of arboviruses is low but the prevalence of antibodies for some viruses was found to vary considerably between different ... | 1975 | 1243735 |
| comparative studies of some african arboviruses in cell culture and in mice. | twenty african arboviruses, five alphaviruses, nine flaviviruses, three bunyamwera group viruses, two bwamba group viruses and one ungrouped virus were titrated in parallel in 11 cell systems in suckling mice and adult mice. the relative sensitivities of the in vitro and in vivo systems have been compared. the highest infectivities were obtained in suckling mice. vero and llc-mk2 cells produced plaques with the greatest number of viruses and semliki forest virus grew most readily. ntaya virus an ... | 1976 | 1245842 |
| detection of virus-specific antigen in the nuclei or nucleoli of cells infected with zika or langat virus. | two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) with molecular specificities for either the viral envelope glycoprotein (mab 541) or the non-structural ns1 glycoprotein (mab 109) were derived using west nile and yellow fever (yf) viruses respectively. their antigenic reactivity with a large number of flaviviruses was tested by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. both produced cytoplasmic fluorescent staining patterns with the homologous virus against which they were raised. additionally, mab 541 reacted wi ... | 1988 | 2841406 |
| laboratory infection with zika virus after vaccination against yellow fever. | | 1973 | 4799154 |
| isolation of zika virus from aedes aegypti mosquitoes in malaysia. | | 1969 | 4976739 |
| zika virus infection of the central nervous system of mice. | | 1971 | 5002906 |
| [serological survey for the prevalence of certain arboviruses in the human population of the south-east area of central african republic (author's transl)]. | a serological survey of antibodies to arboviruses was carried out in the human population of the south-east part of central african republic in april 1979. four hundred and fifty nine serum samples were tested using the haemagglutination inhibition test (h. i.) and fifty of them by the complement fixation test (c. f.). only 11% of the population tested had no h. i. antibodies against the following arboviruses: chikungunya, semliki-forest, sindbis, yellow fever, uganda s, west-nile, zika, bunyamw ... | 1981 | 6274526 |
| zika virus, a cause of fever in central java, indonesia. | in 1977 and 1978 selected in-patients at the tegalyoso hospital, klaten, indonesia who had recent onsets of acute fever were serologically studied for evidence for alphavirus and flavivirus infections. a brief clinical history was taken and a check list of signs and symptoms was completed on admission. acute and convalescent phase sera from 30 patients who showed evidence that a flavivirus had caused their illnesses were tested for neutralizing antibodies to several flaviviruses which occur in s ... | 1981 | 6275577 |
| yellow fever and zika virus epizootics and enzootics in uganda. | data of monkey serology are presented which, together with past evidence, support the view that yellow fever (yf) virus circulates in its primary sylvan host populations, i.e., forest monkeys, in an enzootic state in bwamba county in western uganda but as series of epizootics in the forest-savanna mosaic zone of central uganda. evidence of an epizootic of zika virus at the zika forest near entebbe is described which occurred in two episodes, the first (in 1969) apparently following the build-up ... | 1982 | 6304948 |
| [serological survey for arbovirus antibodies in the human and simian populations of the south-east of gabon (author's transl)]. | a serological survey for arbovirus antibodies was carried out in human and simian populations of the south-east of gabon. 197 human sera (adults), 34 simian sera (collected in the monkey colony of the centre international de recherches médicales de franceville) and 28 paired sera of mothers and their new-borns (samples collected from the umbilical cord) were tested using haemagglutination inhibition (hi) for all sera and complement fixation test (cf) for some of them. in the human population, 88 ... | 1982 | 6809352 |
| identification of mosquito-borne flavivirus sequences using universal primers and reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction. | a reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (rt/pcr) protocol for the rapid detection and identification of flaviviruses was developed using a set of universal oligonucleotide primers. these primers correspond to sequences in the 3' non-coding region and in the ns5 gene which are highly conserved among the mosquito-borne flaviviruses. the sequences of the resulting amplified products were analysed for dengue 1, dengue 2, dengue 3, dengue 4, japanese encephalitis, west nile, yellow fever an ... | 1994 | 7520190 |
| [surveillance of the circulation of arbovirus of medical interest in the region of eastern senegal]. | a study about the circulation of arboviruses of medical interest in southeastern senegal was conducted from 1988 to 1991, during and around the periods of transmission. specific igm antibodies were detected by elisa test in human sera, as a sign of a recent infection within 2 to 5 months. the comparison of the serological igm results from human surveys in different villages, and the isolations of arboviruses from mosquitoes during the same period of time permitted a rapid and global evaluation o ... | 1993 | 8099299 |
| [investigation surrounding a fatal case of yellow fever in côte d'ivoire in 1999]. | côte d'ivoire is an endemic country for yellow fever, but no case was officially notified in recent years. in july 1999, however, one fatal case was reported. a german citizen was infected in the national park of comoe, in the north eastern area of the country. in order to evaluate the extent of amaril virus circulation and the risk for local people, a virological, entomological and epidemiological investigation was carried out by the ministry of health, the occge, the côte d'ivoire pasteur inst ... | 2001 | 11681215 |
| health evaluation of free-ranging and semi-captive orangutans (pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) in sabah, malaysia. | baseline data on health of free-ranging wildlife is essential to evaluate impacts of habitat transformation and wildlife translocation, rehabilitation, and reintroduction programs. health information on many species, especially great apes, is extremely limited. between 1996 and 1998, 84 free-ranging orangutans captured for translocation, underwent a complete health evaluation. analogous data were gathered from 60 semi-captive orangutans in malaysia. baseline hematology and serology; vitamin, min ... | 2003 | 12685070 |
| zika virus. i. isolations and serological specificity. | | 1952 | 12995440 |
| zika virus. ii. pathogenicity and physical properties. | | 1952 | 12995441 |
| zika virus: a report on three cases of human infection during an epidemic of jaundice in nigeria. | | 1954 | 13157159 |
| electron micrographs of erythrocytes from swiss albino mice infected with zika virus. | | 1955 | 13281796 |
| a simple technique for infection of mosquitoes with viruses; transmission of zika virus. | | 1956 | 13337908 |
| zika virus infection experimentally induced in a human volunteer. | | 1956 | 13380987 |
| zika virus: further isolations in the zika area, and some studies on the strains isolated. | | 1958 | 13556872 |
| zika virus infection in man. | | 1964 | 14175744 |
| twelve isolations of zika virus from aedes (stegomyia) africanus (theobald) taken in and above a uganda forest. | in continuation of a series of studies of arboreal mosquitos as virus vectors in uganda, 12 strains of zika virus and one strain of another group b arbovirus were isolated between november 1961 and june 1963 from pools of aedes (stegomyia) africanus caught on a 120-foot (36.5-m) tower in zika forest. for five strains it is known at what height the mosquitos were caught: one was from mosquitos taken at ground level, and the other four were from mosquitos taken in or above the upper canopy after s ... | 1964 | 14230895 |
| one-step rt-pcr for detection of zika virus. | zika virus (zikv) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus circulating in asia and africa. human infection induces an influenza-like syndrome that is associated with retro-orbital pain, oedema, lymphadenopathy, or diarrhea. diagnosis of zika fever requires virus isolation and serology, which are time consuming or cross-reactive. | 2008 | 18674965 |
| genetic and serologic properties of zika virus associated with an epidemic, yap state, micronesia, 2007. | zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus first isolated in uganda from a sentinel monkey in 1947. mosquito and sentinel animal surveillance studies have demonstrated that zikv is endemic to africa and southeast asia, yet reported human cases are rare, with <10 cases reported in the literature. in june 2007, an epidemic of fever and rash associated with zikv was detected in yap state, federated states of micronesia. we report the genetic and serologic properties of the zikv associated wit ... | 2008 | 18680646 |
| zika virus outbreak on yap island, federated states of micronesia. | in 2007, physicians on yap island reported an outbreak of illness characterized by rash, conjunctivitis, and arthralgia. although serum from some patients had igm antibody against dengue virus, the illness seemed clinically distinct from previously detected dengue. subsequent testing with the use of consensus primers detected zika virus rna in the serum of the patients but no dengue virus or other arboviral rna. no previous outbreaks and only 14 cases of zika virus disease have been previously d ... | 2009 | 19516034 |
| zoonotic mosquito-borne flaviviruses: worldwide presence of agents with proven pathogenicity and potential candidates of future emerging diseases. | an update on the mosquito-borne flavivirus species including certain subtypes, as listed in the eighth report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses, is given. special emphasis is placed on viruses which have been shown to cause diseases in animals, and viruses for which no pathogenicity has been proven yet. several recent examples (usutu virus and lineage-2 west nile virus in central europe, zika virus in micronesia) have shown that sources providing information on such scientifi ... | 2010 | 19762169 |
| zika virus outside africa. | zika virus (zikv) is a flavivirus related to yellow fever, dengue, west nile, and japanese encephalitis viruses. in 2007 zikv caused an outbreak of relatively mild disease characterized by rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis on yap island in the southwestern pacific ocean. this was the first time that zikv was detected outside of africa and asia. the history, transmission dynamics, virology, and clinical manifestations of zikv disease are discussed, along with the possibility for diagnostic con ... | 2009 | 19788800 |
| structure and functionality in flavivirus ns-proteins: perspectives for drug design. | flaviviridae are small enveloped viruses hosting a positive-sense single-stranded rna genome. besides yellow fever virus, a landmark case in the history of virology, members of the flavivirus genus, such as west nile virus and dengue virus, are increasingly gaining attention due to their re-emergence and incidence in different areas of the world. additional environmental and demographic considerations suggest that novel or known flaviviruses will continue to emerge in the future. nevertheless, u ... | 2010 | 19945487 |
| structural and functional analyses of a conserved hydrophobic pocket of flavivirus methyltransferase. | the flavivirus methyltransferase (mtase) sequentially methylates the n7 and 2'-o positions of the viral rna cap (gpppa-rna → m(7)gpppa-rna → m(7)gpppam-rna), using s-adenosyl-l-methionine (adomet) as a methyl donor. we report here that sinefungin (sin), an adomet analog, inhibits several flaviviruses through suppression of viral mtase. the crystal structure of west nile virus mtase in complex with sin inhibitor at 2.0-å resolution revealed a flavivirus-conserved hydrophobic pocket located next t ... | 2010 | 20685660 |
| probable non-vector-borne transmission of zika virus, colorado, usa. | clinical and serologic evidence indicate that 2 american scientists contracted zika virus infections while working in senegal in 2008. one of the scientists transmitted this arbovirus to his wife after his return home. direct contact is implicated as the transmission route, most likely as a sexually transmitted infection. | 2011 | 21529401 |
| fever from the forest: prospects for the continued emergence of sylvatic dengue virus and its impact on public health. | the four dengue virus (denv) serotypes that circulate among humans emerged independently from ancestral sylvatic progenitors that were present in non-human primates, following the establishment of human populations that were large and dense enough to support continuous inter-human transmission by mosquitoes. this ancestral sylvatic-denv transmission cycle still exists and is maintained in non-human primates and aedes mosquitoes in the forests of southeast asia and west africa. here, we provide a ... | 2011 | 21666708 |
| Tembusu virus in ducks, china. | In China in 2010, a disease outbreak in egg-laying ducks was associated with a flavivirus. The virus was isolated and partially sequenced. The isolate exhibited 87%-91% identity with strains of Tembusu virus, a mosquito-borne flavivirus of the Ntaya virus group. These findings demonstrate emergence of Tembusu virus in ducks. | 2011 | 22000358 |
| insights into arbovirus evolution and adaptation from experimental studies. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are maintained in nature by cycling between vertebrate hosts and haematophagous invertebrate vectors. these viruses are responsible for causing a significant public health burden throughout the world, with over 100 species having the capacity to cause human disease. arbovirus outbreaks in previously naïve environments demonstrate the potential of these pathogens for expansion and emergence, possibly exacerbated more recently by changing climates. these recen ... | 2010 | 21994633 |
| vector-borne infections. | infections with vector-borne pathogens are a major source of emerging diseases. the ability of vectors to bridge spatial and ecologic gaps between animals and humans increases opportunities for emergence. small adaptations of a pathogen to a vector can have profound effects on the rate of transmission to humans. | 2011 | 21529382 |
| drivers, dynamics, and control of emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases. | emerging vector-borne diseases are an important issue in global health. many vector-borne pathogens have appeared in new regions in the past two decades, while many endemic diseases have increased in incidence. although introductions and emergence of endemic pathogens are often considered to be distinct processes, many endemic pathogens are actually spreading at a local scale coincident with habitat change. we draw attention to key differences between dynamics and disease burden that result from ... | 2012 | 23200503 |
| toward an activist agenda for monitoring virus emergence. | the continuing emergence of arboviruses such as chikungunya virus requires thoughtful attention and approaches for risk management. incorporating experimental evolutionary studies, as described in this issue by stapleford et al. (2014), has the potential to move public health toward a more proactive agenda for predicting and responding to disease emergence. | 2014 | 24922566 |
| immunoglobulin m for acute infection: true or false? | immunoglobulin m (igm) tests have clear clinical utility but also suffer disproportionately from false-positive results, which in turn can lead to misdiagnoses, inappropriate therapy, and premature closure of a diagnostic workup. despite numerous reports in the literature, many clinicians and laboratorians remain unaware of this issue. in this brief review, a series of virology case examples is presented. however, a false-positive igm can occur with any pathogen. thus, when an accurate diagnosis ... | 2016 | 27193039 |
| disease vectors in the era of next generation sequencing. | almost 20 % of all infectious human diseases are vector borne and, together, are responsible for over one million deaths per annum. over the past decade, the decreasing costs of massively parallel sequencing technologies have facilitated the agnostic interrogation of insect vector genomes, giving medical entomologists access to an ever-expanding volume of high-quality genomic and transcriptomic data. in this review, we highlight how genomics resources have provided new insights into the physiolo ... | 2016 | 27154554 |
| lyme disease risk in southern california: abiotic and environmental drivers of ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae) density and infection prevalence with borrelia burgdorferi. | tick-borne diseases, particularly lyme disease, are emerging across the northern hemisphere. in order to manage emerging diseases and predict where emergence will likely occur, it is necessary to understand the factors influencing the distribution, abundance and infection prevalence of vector species. in north america, lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease and is transmitted by blacklegged ticks. this study aimed to explore the abiotic and environmental drivers of density and infe ... | 2017 | 28057067 |
| public health round-up. | | 2016 | 27429485 |
| zika virus: an update on epidemiology, pathology, molecular biology, and animal model. | zika virus (zikv) was first described in 1947, and became a health emergency problem in 2016 when its association with fetal microcephaly cases was confirmed by centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) in the united states. to date, zikv infection has been documented in 66 countries. zikv is recognized as a neurotropic virus and numerous diseases manifested in multiple neurological disorders have been described, mainly in countries that have been exposed to zikv after the 2007 outbreak i ... | 2016 | 27124623 |
| zika virus damages the human placental barrier and presents marked fetal neurotropism. | an unusually high incidence of microcephaly in newborns has recently been observed in brazil. there is a temporal association between the increase in cases of microcephaly and the zika virus (zikv) epidemic. viral rna has been detected in amniotic fluid samples, placental tissues and newborn and fetal brain tissues. however, much remains to be determined concerning the association between zikv infection and fetal malformations. in this study, we provide evidence of the transplacental transmissio ... | 2016 | 27143490 |
| multiplex nucleic acid amplification test for diagnosis of dengue fever, malaria, and leptospirosis. | dengue, leptospirosis, and malaria are among the most common etiologies of systemic undifferentiated febrile illness (ufi) among travelers to the developing world, and these pathogens all have the potential to cause life-threatening illness in returned travelers. the current study describes the development of an internally controlled multiplex nucleic acid amplification test for the detection of dengue virus (denv) and leptospira and plasmodium species, with a specific callout for plasmodium fal ... | 2014 | 24671788 |
| complicated weil disease. | | 2016 | 27606150 |
| zika virus infection and guillain-barré syndrome in three patients from suriname. | we present three patients from suriname who were diagnosed with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) during the zika virus (zikv) outbreak in this country. one patient had a positive zikv urine real-time rt-pcr (qrt-pcr) result. the other two patients had a negative zikv urine qrt-pcr but a positive virus neutralization test and presence of igg antibodies against zikv in the serum. considering the evidence of a past zikv infection and absence of evidence for recent infections with the most common prece ... | 2016 | 28066317 |
| zika virus: a review from the virus basics to proposed management strategies. | this review aims to summarize the body of knowledge available on zika virus to date. a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on zika virus was performed with the aim to stress relevant aspects for healthcare professionals in the non-endemic areas. for several years, the zika virus infection was considered an extremely rare exotic disease with poor clinical relevance. however, zika virus has recently gained the attention of the scientific community and public opinion since the virus s ... | 2016 | 27872736 |
| zika virus and neurology: proving cause and effect. | | 2016 | 27230852 |
| overview of zika virus (zikv) infection in regards to the brazilian epidemic. | zika virus (zikv), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, belongs to the flaviviridae family, genus flavivirus. zikv was initially isolated in 1947 from a sentinel monkey in the zika forest, uganda. little clinical importance was attributed to zikv, once only few symptomatic cases were reported in some african and southeast asiatic countries. this situation changed in 2007, when a large outbreak was registered on the yap island, micronesia, caused by the asian zikv lineage. between 2013 and 2014, zikv spr ... | 2016 | 27143174 |
| guillain-barré syndrome (42 cases) occurring during a zika virus outbreak in french polynesia. | zika virus (transmitted by mosquitoes) reached french polynesia for the first time in 2013, leading to an epidemic affecting 10% of the total population. so far, it has not been known to induce any neurological complications, but, a few weeks after the outbreak, an unexpectedly high number of 42 patients presented with guillain-barré syndrome.we report the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of this series. males predominated with a sex ratio of 2.82 (mean age: 46). all patients (e ... | 2016 | 27057874 |
| zika: the origin and spread of a mosquito-borne virus. | to describe the temporal and geographical distribution of zika virus infection and associated neurological disorders, from 1947 to 1 february 2016, when zika became a public health emergency of international concern (pheic). | 2016 | 27708473 |
| when obligate partners melt down. | insect hosts derive benefits from their obligate symbionts, including nutrient supplementation and the ability to colonize otherwise inhospitable niches. but long-term symbionts sometimes also limit the ecological range of their hosts; in particular, they are often more temperature sensitive than the hosts themselves. even small increases in average temperature, comparable to those occurring under current conditions of climate change, can kill symbionts and, with them, their hosts. in some cases ... | 2016 | 27935842 |
| heat sensitivity of wmel wolbachia during aedes aegypti development. | the wmel strain of wolbachia bacteria is known to prevent dengue and zika virus transmission in the mosquito vector aedes aegypti. accordingly, the release of wmel-infected a. aegypti in endemic regions has been recommended by the world health organization as a potential strategy for controlling dengue and zika outbreaks. however, the utility of this approach could be limited if high temperatures in the aquatic habitats where a. aegypti develop are detrimental to wolbachia. we exposed wmel-infec ... | 2016 | 27459519 |
| open-air biowarfare testing and the evolution of values. | the united states and the united kingdom ended outdoor biological warfare testing in populated areas nearly half a century ago. yet, the conduct, health effects, and propriety of those tests remain controversial. the varied views reflect the limits of currently available test information and evolving societal values on research involving human subjects. western political culture has changed since the early days of the american and british testing programs. people have become less reluctant to qu ... | 2016 | 27564984 |
| enantiomer signature and carbon isotope evidence for the migration and transformation of ddts in arable soils across china. | due to the adverse impact of ddts on ecosystems and humans, a full fate assessment deems a comprehensive study on their occurrence in soils over a large region. through a sampling campaign across china, we measured the concentrations, enantiomeric fractions (efs), compound-specific carbon isotope composition of ddt and its metabolites, and the microbial community in related arable soils. the geographically total ddt concentrations are higher in eastern than western china. the efs and δ(13)c of o ... | 2016 | 27922096 |
| effects of interferons and viruses on metabolism. | interferons (ifns) are potent pleiotropic cytokines that broadly alter cellular functions in response to viral and other infections. these alterations include changes in protein synthesis, proliferation, membrane composition, and the nutritional microenvironment. recent evidence suggests that antiviral responses are supported by an ifn-induced rewiring of the cellular metabolism. in this review, we discuss the roles of type i and type ii ifns in regulating the cellular metabolism and biosyntheti ... | 2016 | 28066439 |
| non-culture methods for detecting infection. | | 2016 | 27789929 |
| tiger mosquito - generated devastation in the biosphere!!! | | 2016 | 27041891 |
| highlights from the 2016 international symposium on hiv & emerging infectious diseases (isheid): 25-27 may, marseille, france. | for three days in may 2016, the international symposium on hiv & emerging infectious diseases gathered participants from all over the world around the theme 'fighting deadly viruses'. hiv infection remained the main topic of the meeting but hepatitis, ebola and zika viruses as well as other emergent pathogens were also extensively covered. in this article we have tried to summarise what was presented during the plenary lectures, the two keynote lectures, and some of the work accepted for oral pr ... | 2016 | 27482461 |
| arbovirosis and potential transmission blocking vaccines. | infectious diseases caused by arboviruses (viruses transmitted by arthropods) are undergoing unprecedented epidemic activity and geographic expansion. with the recent introduction of west nile virus (1999), chikungunya virus (2013) and zika virus (2015) to the americas, stopping or even preventing the expansion of viruses into susceptible populations is an increasing concern. with a few exceptions, available vaccines protecting against arboviral infections are nonexistent and current disease pre ... | 2016 | 27664127 |
| design and testing of novel lethal ovitrap to reduce populations of aedes mosquitoes: community-based participatory research between industry, academia and communities in peru and thailand. | dengue virus (and chikungunya and zika viruses) is transmitted by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes and causes considerable human morbidity and mortality. as there is currently no vaccine or chemoprophylaxis to protect people from dengue virus infection, vector control is the only viable option for disease prevention. the purpose of this paper is to illustrate the design and placement process for an attractive lethal ovitrap to reduce vector populations and to describe lessons learne ... | 2016 | 27532497 |
| celebration of 60th anniversary of brazilian society for microbiology. | | 2016 | 27865633 |
| mosquito-transmitted viruses - the great brazilian challenge. | arboviruses pose a serious threat to public health worldwide, overloading the healthcare system and causing economic losses. these viruses form a very diverse group, and in brazil, arboviruses belonging to the families flaviviridae and togaviridae are predominant. unfortunately, the number of arboviruses increases in proportion with factors such as deforestation, poor sanitation, climate changes, and introduction of new viruses like chikungunya virus and zika virus. in brazil, dengue is endemic, ... | 2016 | 27818091 |
| molecular detection of flaviviruses and alphaviruses in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from coastal ecosystems in the colombian caribbean. | arboviruses belonging to the genera flavivirus and alphavirus were detected in mosquitoes in a rural area of san bernardo del viento (córdoba, colombia). a total of 22,180 mosquitoes were collected, sorted into 2,102 pools, and tested by generic/nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, dengue virus, west nile virus, st. louis encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, and culex flavivirus were detected and identified by sequencing. the detection ... | 2016 | 27706377 |
| a field-deployable reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of the chikungunya virus. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-borne virus currently transmitted in about 60 countries. chikv causes acute flu-like symptoms and in many cases prolonged musculoskeletal and joint pain. detection of the infection is mostly done using rt-rcr or elisa, which are not suitable for point-of-care diagnosis. | 2016 | 27685649 |
| alphavirus infection: host cell shut-off and inhibition of antiviral responses. | alphaviruses cause debilitating disease in humans and animals and are transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods, typically mosquitoes. with a traditional focus on two models, sindbis virus and semliki forest virus, alphavirus research has significantly intensified in the last decade partly due to the re-emergence and dramatic expansion of chikungunya virus in asia, europe, and the americas. as a consequence, alphavirus-host interactions are now understood in much more molecular detail, and importa ... | 2016 | 27294951 |
| preparing for the next epidemic with basic virology. | | 2015 | 26492495 |
| syndromic approach to arboviral diagnostics for global travelers as a basis for infectious disease surveillance. | arboviruses have overlapping geographical distributions and can cause symptoms that coincide with more common infections. therefore, arbovirus infections are often neglected by travel diagnostics. here, we assessed the potential of syndrome-based approaches for diagnosis and surveillance of neglected arboviral diseases in returning travelers. | 2015 | 26372010 |
| wolbachia biocontrol strategies for arboviral diseases and the potential influence of resident wolbachia strains in mosquitoes. | arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes are a major cause of human disease worldwide. the absence of vaccines and effective vector control strategies has resulted in the need for novel mosquito control strategies. the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia has been proposed to form the basis for an effective mosquito biocontrol strategy. resident strains of wolbachia inhibit viral replication in drosophila fruit flies and induce a reproductive phenotype known as cytoplasmic incompatibility that allows ... | 2016 | 26925368 |
| current status of invasive mosquito surveillance in the uk. | non-native invasive mosquitoes have for many years made incursions into europe, and are now established in many european countries. the continued european importation of potential vectors and their expansion within europe increases their potential for importation and establishment in the uk. coupled with increasing numbers of returning dengue and chikungunya infected travellers, the potential exists for transmission of vector borne disease in new regions. | 2015 | 26122427 |
| a review of the invasive mosquitoes in europe: ecology, public health risks, and control options. | there has been growing interest in europe in recent years in the establishment and spread of invasive mosquitoes, notably the incursion of aedes albopictus through the international trade in used tires and lucky bamboo, with onward spread within europe through ground transport. more recently, five other non-european aedine mosquito species have been found in europe, and in some cases populations have established locally and are spreading. concerns have been raised about the involvement of these ... | 2012 | 22448724 |
| an updated checklist of mosquito species (diptera: culicidae) from madagascar. | an updated checklist of 235 mosquito species from madagascar is presented. the number of species has increased considerably compared to previous checklists, particularly the last published in 2003 (178 species). this annotated checklist provides concise information on endemism, taxonomic position, developmental stages, larval habitats, distribution, behavior, and vector-borne diseases potentially transmitted. the 235 species belong to 14 genera: aedeomyia (3 species), aedes (35 species), anophel ... | 2016 | 27101839 |
| zikavr: an integrated zika virus resource for genomics, proteomics, phylogenetic and therapeutic analysis. | current zika virus (zikv) outbreaks that spread in several areas of africa, southeast asia, and in pacific islands is declared as a global health emergency by world health organization (who). it causes zika fever and illness ranging from severe autoimmune to neurological complications in humans. to facilitate research on this virus, we have developed an integrative multi-omics platform; zikavr (http://bioinfo.imtech.res.in/manojk/zikavr/), dedicated to the zikv genomic, proteomic and therapeutic ... | 2016 | 27633273 |
| development of 2, 7-diamino-1, 8-naphthyridine (danp) anchored hairpin primers for rt-pcr detection of chikungunya virus infection. | a molecular diagnostic platform with danp-anchored hairpin primer was developed and evaluated for the rapid and cost-effective detection of chikungunya virus (chikv) with high sensitivity and specificity. the molecule 2, 7-diamino-1, 8-naphthyridine (danp) binds to a cytosine-bulge and emits fluorescence at 450 nm when it is excited by 400 nm light. thus, by measuring the decline in fluorescence emitted from danp-primer complexes after pcr reaction, we could monitor the pcr progress. by adapting ... | 2016 | 27571201 |
| the insect-specific palm creek virus modulates west nile virus infection in and transmission by australian mosquitoes. | insect-specific viruses do not replicate in vertebrate cells, but persist in mosquito populations and are highly prevalent in nature. these viruses may naturally regulate the transmission of pathogenic vertebrate-infecting arboviruses in co-infected mosquitoes. following the isolation of the first australian insect-specific flavivirus (isf), palm creek virus (pcv), we investigated routes of infection and transmission of this virus in key australian arbovirus vectors and its impact on replication ... | 2016 | 27457250 |
| vector competence of aedes aegypti and aedes polynesiensis populations from french polynesia for chikungunya virus. | from october 2014 to march 2015, french polynesia experienced for the first time a chikungunya outbreak. two aedes mosquitoes may have contributed to chikungunya virus (chikv) transmission in french polynesia: the worldwide distributed ae. aegypti and the polynesian islands-endemic ae. polynesiensis mosquito. | 2016 | 27144888 |
| membrane feeding of dengue patient's blood as a substitute for direct skin feeding in studying aedes-dengue virus interaction. | understanding the interaction between aedes vectors and dengue viruses (denv) has significant implications in determining the transmission dynamics of dengue. the absence of an animal model and ethical concerns regarding direct feeding of mosquitoes on patients has resulted in most infection studies using blood meals spiked with laboratory-cultured denv. data obtained from such studies may not reflect the natural human-mosquito transmission scenario. this study explored the potential of using me ... | 2016 | 27083158 |
| the usual suspects: comparison of the relative roles of potential urban chikungunya virus vectors in australia. | the global re-emergence of chikungunya virus (chikv) over the last decade presents a serious public health risk to australia. an increasing number of imported cases further underline the potential for local transmission to occur if local mosquitoes bite an infected traveller. laboratory experiments have identified a number of competent australian mosquito species, including the primary vectors of chikv abroad, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, and local endemic species aedes vigilax and aedes ... | 2015 | 26247366 |
| chikungunya virus-vector interactions. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes chikungunya fever, a severe, debilitating disease that often produces chronic arthralgia. since 2004, chikv has emerged in africa, indian ocean islands, asia, europe, and the americas, causing millions of human infections. central to understanding chikv emergence is knowledge of the natural ecology of transmission and vector infection dynamics. this review presents current understanding of chikv infection dynamics in mosquito v ... | 2014 | 25421891 |
| multi-gene detection and identification of mosquito-borne rna viruses using an oligonucleotide microarray. | arthropod-borne viruses are important emerging pathogens world-wide. viruses transmitted by mosquitoes, such as dengue, yellow fever, and japanese encephalitis viruses, infect hundreds of millions of people and animals each year. global surveillance of these viruses in mosquito vectors using molecular based assays is critical for prevention and control of the associated diseases. here, we report an oligonucleotide dna microarray design, termed arbochip5.1, for multi-gene detection and identifica ... | 2013 | 23967358 |
| factors shaping the adaptive landscape for arboviruses: implications for the emergence of disease. | many examples of the emergence or re-emergence of infectious diseases involve the adaptation of zoonotic viruses to new amplification hosts or to humans themselves. these include several instances of simple mutational adaptations, often to hosts closely related to the natural reservoirs. however, based on theoretical grounds, arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, may face several challenges for adaptation to new hosts. here, we review recent findings regarding adaptive evolution of arboviruse ... | 0 | 23374123 |
| mayaro virus in child with acute febrile illness, haiti, 2015. | mayaro virus has been associated with small outbreaks in northern south america. we isolated this virus from a child with acute febrile illness in rural haiti, confirming its role as a cause of mosquitoborne illness in the caribbean region. the clinical presentation can mimic that of chikungunya, dengue, and zika virus infections. | 0 | 27767924 |
| zika virus strains potentially display different infectious profiles in human neural cells. | the recent zika virus (zikv) epidemic has highlighted the poor knowledge on its physiopathology. recent studies showed that zikv of the asian lineage, responsible for this international outbreak, causes neuropathology in vitro and in vivo. however, two african lineages exist and the virus is currently found circulating in africa. the original african strain was also suggested to be neurovirulent but its laboratory usage has been criticized due to its multiple passages. in this study, we compared ... | 2016 | 27688094 |
| adapting the stress response: viral subversion of the mtor signaling pathway. | the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) is a central regulator of gene expression, translation and various metabolic processes. multiple extracellular (growth factors) and intracellular (energy status) molecular signals as well as a variety of stressors are integrated into the mtor pathway. viral infection is a significant stress that can activate, reduce or even suppress the mtor signaling pathway. consequently, viruses have evolved a plethora of different mechanisms to attack and co-opt the m ... | 2016 | 27231932 |
| dengue virus reporter replicon is a valuable tool for antiviral drug discovery and analysis of virus replication mechanisms. | dengue, the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease, is caused by the dengue virus (denv), a member of the flaviviridae family, and is a considerable public health threat in over 100 countries, with 2.5 billion people living in high-risk areas. however, no specific antiviral drug or licensed vaccine currently targets denv infection. the replicon system has all the factors needed for viral replication in cells. since the development of replicon systems, transient and stable reporter replicon ... | 2016 | 27164125 |
| development of one-step quantitative reverse transcription pcr for the rapid detection of flaviviruses. | the genus flavivirus includes several pathogenic agents that cause severe illness in humans. re-emergence of west nile virus in europe and continuous spread of certain flaviviruses such as dengue, yellow fever and japanese encephalitis viruses represent a global danger to public health. therefore, a rapid and accurate molecular method is required for diagnostics and epidemiological surveillance of flaviviruses. | 2013 | 23410000 |
| yellow fever virus capsid protein is a potent suppressor of rna silencing that binds double-stranded rna. | mosquito-borne flaviviruses, including yellow fever virus (yfv), zika virus (zikv), and west nile virus (wnv), profoundly affect human health. the successful transmission of these viruses to a human host depends on the pathogen's ability to overcome a potentially sterilizing immune response in the vector mosquito. similar to other invertebrate animals and plants, the mosquito's rna silencing pathway comprises its primary antiviral defense. although a diverse range of plant and insect viruses has ... | 2016 | 27849599 |
| genome investigations of vector competence in aedes aegypti to inform novel arbovirus disease control approaches. | dengue (denv), yellow fever, chikungunya, and zika virus transmission to humans by a mosquito host is confounded by both intrinsic and extrinsic variables. besides virulence factors of the individual arboviruses, likelihood of virus transmission is subject to variability in the genome of the primary mosquito vector, aedes aegypti. the "vectorial capacity" of a. aegypti varies depending upon its density, biting rate, and survival rate, as well as its intrinsic ability to acquire, host and transmi ... | 2016 | 27809220 |
| interferon gamma: influence on neural stem cell function in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease. | interferon-gamma (ifnγ), a pleiotropic cytokine, is expressed in diverse neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory conditions. its protective mechanisms are well documented during viral infections in the brain, where ifnγ mediates non-cytolytic viral control in infected neurons. however, ifnγ also plays both protective and pathological roles in other central nervous system (cns) diseases. of the many neural cells that respond to ifnγ, neural stem/progenitor cells (nspcs), the only pluripotent cell ... | 2016 | 27774000 |
| climate change influences on the global potential distribution of the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus, vector of west nile virus and lymphatic filariasis. | rapid emergence of most vector-borne diseases (vbds) may be associated with range expansion of vector populations. culex quinquefasciatus say 1823 is a potential vector of west nile virus, saint louis encephalitis virus, and lymphatic filariasis. we estimated the potential distribution of cx. quinquefasciatus under both current and future climate conditions. the present potential distribution of cx. quinquefasciatus showed high suitability across low-latitude parts of the world, reflecting the c ... | 2016 | 27695107 |
| working with zika and usutu viruses in vitro. | usutu (usuv) and zika (zikv) viruses are emerging arboviruses of significant medical and veterinary importance. these viruses have not been studied as well as other medically important arboviruses such as west nile (wnv), dengue (denv), or chikungunya (chikv) viruses. as such, information regarding the behavior of zikv and usuv viruses in the laboratory is dated. usutu virus re-emerged in austria in 2001 and has since spread throughout the european and asian continents causing significant mortal ... | 2016 | 27541001 |
| larval food quantity affects the capacity of adult mosquitoes to transmit human malaria. | adult traits of holometabolous insects are shaped by conditions experienced during larval development, which might impact interactions between adult insect hosts and parasites. however, the ecology of larval insects that vector disease remains poorly understood. here, we used anopheles stephensi mosquitoes and the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum, to investigate whether larval conditions affect the capacity of adult mosquitoes to transmit malaria. we reared larvae in two groups; one ... | 0 | 27412284 |
| genetic dissection of flaviviridae host factors through genome-scale crispr screens. | the flaviviridae are a family of viruses that cause severe human diseases. for example, dengue virus (denv) is a rapidly emerging pathogen causing an estimated 100 million symptomatic infections annually worldwide. no approved antivirals are available to date and clinical trials with a tetravalent dengue vaccine showed disappointingly low protection rates. hepatitis c virus (hcv) also remains a major medical problem, with 160 million chronically infected patients worldwide and only expensive tre ... | 0 | 27383987 |
| dissecting virus infectious cycles by cryo-electron microscopy. | | 2016 | 27362353 |
| viral inhibition of the ifn-induced jak/stat signalling pathway: development of live attenuated vaccines by mutation of viral-encoded ifn-antagonists. | the interferon (ifn) induced anti-viral response is amongst the earliest and most potent of the innate responses to fight viral infection. the induction of the janus kinase/signal transducer and activation of transcription (jak/stat) signalling pathway by ifns leads to the upregulation of hundreds of interferon stimulated genes (isgs) for which, many have the ability to rapidly kill viruses within infected cells. during the long course of evolution, viruses have evolved an extraordinary range of ... | 2016 | 27367734 |
| mosquito saliva increases endothelial permeability in the skin, immune cell migration, and dengue pathogenesis during antibody-dependent enhancement. | dengue remains the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease in humans. while probing for blood vessels, aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes transmit the four serotypes of dengue virus (denv1-4) by injecting virus-containing saliva into the skin. even though arthropod saliva is known to facilitate transmission and modulate host responses to other pathogens, the full impact of mosquito saliva on dengue pathogenesis is still not well understood. inoculating mice lacking the interferon-α ... | 2016 | 27310141 |
| the phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine receptor cd300a binds dengue virus and enhances infection. | dengue virus (denv) is the etiological agent of the major human arboviral disease. we previously demonstrated that the tim and tam families of phosphatidylserine (ptdser) receptors involved in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells mediate denv entry into target cells. we show here that human cd300a, a recently identified phospholipid receptor, also binds directly denv particles and enhances viral entry. cd300a facilitates infection of the four denv serotypes, as well as of other mosquito-borne vir ... | 2015 | 26468529 |
| targeting transmission pathways for emerging zoonotic disease surveillance and control. | we used literature searches and a database of all reported emerging infectious diseases (eids) to analyze the most important transmission pathways (e.g., vector-borne, aerosol droplet transmitted) for emerging zoonoses. our results suggest that at the broad scale, the likelihood of transmission occurring through any one pathway is approximately equal. however, the major transmission pathways for zoonoses differ widely according to the specific underlying drivers of eid events (e.g., land-use cha ... | 0 | 26186515 |
| development of an algorithm for production of inactivated arbovirus antigens in cell culture. | arboviruses are medically important pathogens that cause human disease ranging from a mild fever to encephalitis. laboratory diagnosis is essential to differentiate arbovirus infections from other pathogens with similar clinical manifestations. the arboviral diseases branch (adb) reference laboratory at the cdc division of vector-borne diseases (dvbd) produces reference antigens used in serological assays such as the virus-specific immunoglobulin m antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent as ... | 2014 | 25102428 |