| effect of hypertonic medium on the protein synthesis in l-a9 and aedes albopictus cells infected with mayaro virus. | | 1991 | 1668789 |
| effect of heat shock on gene expression of aedes albopictus cells infected with mayaro virus. | three major mayaro virus proteins of 62, 50 and 34 kda were detected in aedes albopictus cells after 48 h postinfection at 28 degrees c. when the infected cells were shifted from 28 to 37 degrees c for 90 min (heat shock conditions), the synthesis of two major heat shock proteins (hsp) 82 and 70 kda was induced concomitantly with strong inhibition of virus and normal protein synthesis. total cellular rna was isolated from mock and infected cells incubated at 28 degrees c or under heat shock. nor ... | 1991 | 1711236 |
| ultrastructural study of mayaro virus replication in bhk-21 cells. | the replication of mayaro virus in bhk-21 cells was studied by electron microscopy. the infected cells show an intense vacuolization and proliferation of membranous structures. at 5 h post-infection, precursor virus particles were seen in the cytoplasm of infected cells. later, mature virus particles were found outside the cells and budding from the plasma membrane. enveloped virus particles were also observed inside the vesicles and budding across their membrane. the release of virus particles ... | 1990 | 2173526 |
| replication of mayaro virus in aedes albopictus cells: an electron microscopic study. | the replication of mayaro virus in aedes albopictus cells, was studied by electron microscopy at various times post-infection. in infected cells we observed the presence of cytoplasmic vesicles containing viral nucleocapsids and mature virus particles but at no time did we detect virus budding into such vacuoles. budding of virus through plasma membrane was rarely observed. our results are discussed considering the possibility of the release of virus particles to the extracellular space by exocy ... | 1989 | 2539797 |
| study of two different enzyme immunoassays for the detection of mayaro virus antibodies. | this paper presents the evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay in which mayaro virus-infected cultured cells are used as antigen (eia-icc) and an igm antibody capture elisa (mac-elisa) for mayaro serologic diagnosis using 114 human sera obtained during a mayaro outbreak occurred in bolivia, in 1987. results were compared with those obtained by haemagglutination-inhibition test (hai). mac-elisa was the most sensitive technique for anti-mayaro igm detection. mac-elisa was twice as sensitive as igm ei ... | 1989 | 2562487 |
| modulation in response to temperature of mayaro virus proteosynthesis in aedes albopictus cells. | incubation of aedes albopictus cells infected with mayaro virus at 37 degrees c causes inhibition of virus replication. during the first hour post infection (p.i.) incubation at 37 degrees c inhibited cellular and virus proteosynthesis. a preferential translation of heat shock proteins 82 kd and 70 kd was observed. after incubations longer than 1 hr at 37 degrees c, a switch to normal pattern of cell protein synthesis occurred without recovery of virus proteosynthesis. in addition, preferential ... | 1989 | 2570510 |
| effect of high temperature on aedes albopictus cells infected with mayaro virus. | the multiplication of mayaro virus in aedes albopictus cells was drastically inhibited after incubation at 37 degrees c. the effect of short-term exposure of infected cells to high temperatures (heat shock) produced a preferential translation of the heat shock messengers when compared to the viral mrnas. when cells were shifted back to 28 degrees c (the optimum growth temperature for aedes albopictus cells), preferential translation of viral mrna occurred. although the infected cells were progra ... | 1987 | 2843253 |
| further studies on the influence of steroids on viral infection in mice. | certain steroids have been reported to enhance experimental viral infections, whereas others have little or no effect. interference with the interferon system has been suggested as a possible mechanism for the viral infection-enhancing (vie) activity of hormones. in the present study, steroids (prednisolone, progesterone, testosterone) which had no effect on mm virus infection demonstrated vie activity against mayaro virus infection. it is suggested that the vie activity of a hormone may be depe ... | 1973 | 4353541 |
| isolation of mayaro virus from a migrating bird captured in louisiana in 1967. | | 1974 | 4418030 |
| synthesis of virus macromolecules in l-929 cells infected with mayaro virus. | | 1970 | 4991746 |
| an outbreak of mayaro virus disease in belterra, brazil. i. clinical and virological findings. | an outbreak of human illness caused by mayaro (may) virus occurred in belterra, pará, brazil in the first half of 1978. a total of 55 cases were confirmed, 43 by virus isolation and serology, and 12 by serology alone. the disease in belterra presented as a distinct clinical syndrome characterized by fever, arthralgia and exanthema. no fatalities could be attributed to may virus infection. arthralgia, accompanied by joint edema in 20% of cases, was a very prominent sign which caused temporary inc ... | 1981 | 6266263 |
| an outbreak of mayaro virus disease in belterra, brazil. ii. epidemiology. | epidemiological investigations of an outbreak of mayaro (may) virus which occurred inthe rural village of belterra, pará, brazil are reported. human cases were first recorded in december 1977 and continued through june 1978. approximately 20% of the more than 4,000 persons resident in belterra were infected, and a very high proportion of those infected suffered overt clinical illness. cases were identified in all areas of belterra and among all age groups; however, the greatest number of cases w ... | 1981 | 6266264 |
| an outbreak of mayaro virus disease in belterra, brazil. iii. entomological and ecological studies. | results in entomological and vertebrate host investigations made during dual outbreaks of mayaro (may) and yellow fever (yf) viruses in belterra, pará, brazil in 1978 are reported. over 9,000 insects representing 26 species were assayed in 396 pools for the presence of arboviruses. pools of haemagogus janthinomys dyar yielded the only isolates of either may or yf virus. the minimum field infection rate for nine isolates of may virus from hg. janthinomys was 1:82, and for two isolates of yf virus ... | 1981 | 6266265 |
| serologic evidence of natural togavirus infections in panamanian sloths and other vertebrates. | plasmas of sloths and other central panamanian wild vertebrates were tested for plaque-reduction neutralizing (prn) antibodies against four flaviviruses and one alpha-virus. forty percent of 97 two-toed sloths, choloepus hoffmanni, and 8% of 168 three-toed sloths, bradypus variegatus, were specifically positive against st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus. the prevalence of antibody against sle virus was considerably higher in sloths than in any other group of wild vertebrates tested, including bi ... | 1983 | 6309027 |
| serum concentration and increased temperature alter mayaro virus rna and protein synthesis in aedes albopictus (mosquito)-infected cells. | we have previously shown the inhibition of mayaro virus multiplication in aedes albopictus-infected cells maintained at a supraoptimal temperature for growth (37 degrees c) and a stimulation of virus production in response to high serum concentrations in the incubation medium. in the present study, we addressed the question of how the effect of continuous heat stress and high serum concentration soon after infection interfere with virus macromolecule synthesis. cells maintained at 28 degrees c i ... | 1995 | 7581023 |
| prostaglandin a1 inhibits replication of mayaro virus in aedes albopictus cells. | prostaglandin a1 (pga1) reduced mayaro virus replication in aedes albopictus (mosquito) cells in culture. the highest nontoxic dose of pga1, 7.5 microm, decreased virus production by 90%. in mayaro virus-infected cells, pga1 inhibited virus-specific protein synthesis. however, in mock-infected cells the presence of pga1 stimulated the synthesis of several proteins with molecular masses of 70, 57 and 23 kda, respectively. the data obtained from this study show that pga1 plays a role in the metabo ... | 1995 | 7581025 |
| interferon action on mayaro virus replication. | treatment of tc7 cells with interferon (ifn) drastically reduced the yield of infectious mayaro virus under experimental conditions that virus attachment and penetration into the cells were not affected. in ifn-treated cells, synthesis of mayaro virus proteins was inhibited and cellular protein synthesis was restored. this phenomenon is dependent on ifn concentration and multiplicity of infection. electron microscopy of these cells revealed normal and anomalous viral particles inside cytoplasmic ... | 1993 | 7905236 |
| mayaro virus proteins. | mayaro virus was grown in bhk-21 cells and purified by centrifugation in a potassium-tartrate gradient (5-50%). the electron microscopy analyses of the purified virus showed an homogeneous population of enveloped particles with 69 +/- 2.3 nm in diameter. three structural virus proteins were identified and designated p1, p2 and p3. their average molecular weight were p1, 54 kda; p2, 50 kda and p3, 34 kda. in mayaro virus infected aedes albopictus cells and in bhk-21 infected cells we detected six ... | 1993 | 8107591 |
| metabolic and morphological changes in a. albopictus cells infected with mayaro virus under heat-shock conditions. | we addressed the question how temperature elevation inhibits mayaro virus replication in aedes albopictus infected cells. the morphology and macromolecular changes induced by temperature, infection and high serum concentration were investigated in these cells. cells incubated with 2 and 10% serum at 28 degrees c disclosed an intense vacuolization and inhibition of [35s]methionine incorporation in a time-dependent manner. 34 and 50 kda viral structural proteins were detected 24 h after infection. ... | 1993 | 8392316 |
| studies on the replication of mayaro virus grown in interferon treated cells. | mayaro virus grown in interferon treated infected cells has been characterized with regard to its ability to replicate in vertebrate (tc7) and invertebrate (aedes albopictus) cells. virus purified from interferon treated tc7 cells adsorbs and penetrates to the same extent as the control virus. during infection, these virus particles caused inhibition of host protein synthesis and synthesized the same spectrum of viral proteins as normal virus. this population however, was apparently more sensiti ... | 1994 | 8524064 |
| identification of mayaro virus nucleocapsid protein in nucleus of aedes albopictus cells. | the modifications in the pattern of nuclear proteins of aedes albopictus cells in response to mayaro virus infection were analysed early and late after infection. the viral capsid (c) protein of 34 kda (p34) could be detected in the nuclear compartment 4 h after infection, soon after its synthesis in the cytoplasm. in addition to p34, a group of high molecular weight proteins was also present in this compartment late after infection. the exposition of infected cells to supra optimal temperature ... | 1997 | 9037738 |
| distribution of mayaro virus rna in polysomes during heat shock. | mayaro virus (alphavirus) infection of aedes albopictus cells results in inhibition of cell protein synthesis and viral proteins are preferably synthesized. when infected cells are heat shocked, however, there is also an inhibition of viral protein synthesis, and there is preferential synthesis of heat shock proteins. based on these observations, the distribution of mayaro viral rna in polysomes and the association of p34 (capsid protein) with ribosomal fractions of the cells under such conditio ... | 1997 | 9175251 |
| previous heat shock treatment inhibits mayaro virus replication in human lung adenocarcinoma (a549) cells. | human lung adenocarcinoma cells (a549) were submitted to mild or severe heat shock (42 degrees c or 44 degrees c) for 1 h, while another group of cells was double-heat-shocked (submitted to 42 degrees c for 1 h, returned to 37 degrees c for 3 h, then exposed to 44 degrees c for 1 h). after each heat treatment, the cells were infected with mayaro virus for 24 h and incubated at 37 degrees c. the results showed that the double-heat-shocked thermotolerant cells exhibited a 10(4)-fold virus titre in ... | 1997 | 9403932 |
| immunoglobulin a-specific capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of dengue fever. | dengue fever (df) is usually diagnosed by testing for dengue virus immunoglobulin m (igm) by a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) (mac-elisa). however, igm can last for months, and its presence might reflect a previous infection. we have tested the use of anti-dengue virus iga capture elisa (aac-elisa) for the diagnosis of df by comparing the results of mac-elisas and aac-elisas for 178 serum samples taken from patients with confirmed cases of df. igm appears more rapidly (mean de ... | 1998 | 9574674 |
| basic surface properties of aedes albopictus cells: effect of mayaro virus infection on electrostatic charge and surface tension. | aedes albopictus cells possess a negative cell surface charge of -12.7 mv with an isoelectrophoretic point (iep) located between ph 3.0 and 4.0. infection with mayaro virus rendered the surface of a. albopictus cells less negative reaching a zeta-potential value of -9.7 mv after 100 h of infection. concomitantly, the iep of the infected cells were also altered from 3.0-4.0 to 4.0-5.0. furthermore, the contact angle measurements clearly showed qualitative alterations in the cell surface of infect ... | 1997 | 9722418 |
| mayaro virus fever in french guiana: isolation, identification, and seroprevalence. | this paper reports the first isolation of mayaro (may) virus from a patient infected in french guiana. the identification was initially performed using immunofluorescent antibody testing with specific mouse antibody, and confirmed by plaque-reduction neutralization testing and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. to determine if may virus infection is widespread in french guiana, a serosurvey was performed to determine the prevalence of antibody to this virus in various ethnic groups ... | 1998 | 9749643 |
| inhibition of mayaro virus replication by prostaglandin a1 and b2 in vero cells. | the effect of prostaglandins (pga1 and pgb2) on the replication of mayaro virus was studied in vero cells. pga1 and pgb2 antiviral activity was found to be dose-dependent. however, while 10 micrograms/ml pgb2 inhibited virus yield by 60%, at the same dose pga1 suppressed virus replication by more than 90%. sds-page analysis of [35s]-methionine-labelled proteins showed that pga1 did not alter cellular protein synthesis. in infected cells, pga1 slightly inhibited the synthesis of protein c, while ... | 1998 | 9876277 |
| mayaro virus disease: an emerging mosquito-borne zoonosis in tropical south america. | this report describes the clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological findings on 27 cases of mayaro virus (mv) disease, an emerging mosquito-borne viral illness that is endemic in rural areas of tropical south america. mv disease is a nonfatal, dengue-like illness characterized by fever, chills, headache, eye pain, generalized myalgia, arthralgia, diarrhea, vomiting, and rash of 3-5 days' duration. severe joint pain is a prominent feature of this illness; the arthralgia sometimes persists for mon ... | 1999 | 10028074 |
| inhibition of mayaro virus replication by cerulenin in aedes albopictus cells. | the antibiotic cerulenin, an inhibitor of lipid synthesis, was shown to suppress mayaro virus replication in aedes albopictus cells at non-cytotoxic doses. cerulenin blocked the incorporation of [3h]glycerol into lipids when present at any time post infection (p.i.). cerulenin added at the beginning of infection inhibited the synthesis of virus proteins. however, when this antibiotic was added at later stages of infection, it had only a mild effect on the virus protein synthesis. the possibility ... | 1998 | 10358744 |
| determination of natural versus laboratory human infection with mayaro virus by molecular analysis. | a laboratory worker developed clinical signs of infection with mayaro virus (togaviridae), an arbovirus of south and central america, 6 days after preparation of mayaro viral antigen and 10 days after a trip to a rain forest. there was no evidence of skin lesions during the antigen preparation, and level 3 containment safety measures were followed. therefore, molecular characterization of the virus was undertaken to identify the source of infection. rt-pcr and dna sequence comparisons proved the ... | 1999 | 10694165 |
| development of reverse transcription-pcr assays specific for detection of equine encephalitis viruses. | specific and sensitive reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assays were developed for the detection of eastern, western, and venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (eee, wee, and vee, respectively). tests for specificity included all known alphavirus species. the eee-specific rt-pcr amplified a 464-bp region of the e2 gene exclusively from 10 different eee strains from south and north america with a sensitivity of about 3,000 rna molecules. in a subsequent nested pcr, the specificity was confirmed ... | 2000 | 10747138 |
| weak bases affect late stages of mayaro virus replication cycle in vertebrate cells. | this paper describes the effect of two weak bases (ammonium chloride and chloroquine) on the morphogenesis of mayaro virus. when mayaro virus-infected tc7 (monkey kidney) cells were treated with these agents it was observed that weak bases caused a significant reduction in virus yield. also, cellular protein synthesis, which is inhibited by mayaro virus infection, recovered to nearly normal levels. however, the synthesis of mayaro virus proteins was affected. these phenomena were dose-dependent. ... | 2000 | 10755624 |
| lymphoid organs as a major reservoir for human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 in experimentally infected squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus): provirus expression, persistence, and humoral and cellular immune responses. | the aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1) in various organs of serially sacrificed squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) in order to localize the reservoir of the virus and to evaluate the relationship between viral expression and the humoral or cellular immune response during infection. six squirrel monkeys infected with htlv-1 were sacrificed 6, 12, and 35 days and 3, 6, and 26 months after inoculation, and 20 organs and tissues were ... | 2000 | 10775625 |
| effect of brefeldin a on mayaro virus replication in aedes albopictus and vero cells. | brefeldin a (bfa), a fungal metabolite that blocks transport of newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, was found to inhibit mayaro virus replication. at the concentration of 0.05 microgram/ml, the yield of the virus was inhibited by 94% in aedes albopictus cells and by 99.5% in vero cells. treatment of a. albopictus cells with bfa did not inhibit the virus protein synthesis. however, this compound drastically reduced viral protein synthesis in vero cells. the inhibitory effec ... | 1999 | 10825924 |
| evolutionary relationships and systematics of the alphaviruses. | partial e1 envelope glycoprotein gene sequences and complete structural polyprotein sequences were used to compare divergence and construct phylogenetic trees for the genus alphavirus. tree topologies indicated that the mosquito-borne alphaviruses could have arisen in either the old or the new world, with at least two transoceanic introductions to account for their current distribution. the time frame for alphavirus diversification could not be estimated because maximum-likelihood analyses indic ... | 2001 | 11581380 |
| inhibition of mayaro virus replication by prostaglandin a(1) in vero cells. | prostaglandins exhibit antiviral activity against a wide variety of rna and dna viruses. in the present report, we describe the effect of cyclopentenone prostaglandin a(1) (pga(1)) on mayaro virus replication in vero cells. virus yield was significantly reduced at nontoxic concentrations which did not suppress dna, rna or protein synthesis in uninfected or infected cells. antiviral action decreased if pga(1) was added at later times after infection. in mayaro virus-infected cells, pga(1) inhibit ... | 2001 | 11805440 |
| mayaro virus infection cycle relies on casein kinase 2 activity. | replication of mayaro virus in vero cells induces dramatic cytopathic effects and cell death. in this study, we have evaluated the role of casein kinase 2 (ck2) during mayaro virus infection cycle. we found that ck2 was activated during the initial stages of infection ( approximately 36% after 4h). this activation was further confirmed when the enzyme was partially purified from the cellular lysate either by mono q 5/5hr column or heparin-agarose column. using this later column, we found that th ... | 2002 | 12207921 |
| molecular genetic evidence that the hydrophobic anchors of glycoproteins e2 and e1 interact during assembly of alphaviruses. | chimeric alphaviruses in which the 6k and glycoprotein e1 moieties of sindbis virus are replaced with those of ross river virus grow very poorly, but upon passage, adapted variants arise that grow >100 times better. we have sequenced the entire domain encoding the e2, 6k, and e1 proteins of a number of these adapted variants and found that most acquired two amino acid changes, which had cumulative effects. in three independent passage series, amino acid 380 of e2, which is in the transmembrane d ... | 2002 | 12239293 |
| una virus: first report of human infection in argentina. | una virus (unav), togaviridae family, is widely distributed in south america, where infections have been detected in mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts (humans, birds and horses). we analyzed human sera from córdoba inhabitants aged 44 to 89 years and using a neutralization test, we found a prevalence of unav antibodies of 3.8% (3/79). the low titers detected suggest past infections probably acquired in rural areas of the province of córdoba (central argentina). none sera were found positive for ma ... | 2003 | 12754579 |
| mayaro virus: a new human disease agent. i. relationship to other arbor viruses. | | 1957 | 13487972 |
| mayaro virus: a new human disease agent. ii. isolation from blood of patients in trinidad, b.w.i. | | 1957 | 13487973 |
| mayaro virus: a new human disease agent. iii. investigation of an epidemic of acute febrile illness on the river guama in pará, brazil, and isolation of mayaro virus as causative agent. | | 1957 | 13487974 |
| mayaro virus isolated from a trinidadian mosquito, mansonia venezuelensis. | a strain of mayaro virus has been isolated in trinidad from the mosquito mansonia venezuelensis. this is the first record of isolation of this agent from naturally infected mosquitoes, caught in the wild. | 1960 | 13792204 |
| the morphology of mayaro virus. | | 1963 | 14062906 |
| effect of monensin on mayaro virus replication in monkey kidney and aedes albopictus cells. | the effect of a cationic ionophore, monensin, on the replication of mayaro virus in monkey kidney tc7 and aedes albopictus cells has been studied. treatment of these cells with 1 micromol/l monensin during infection did not affect the virus protein synthesis but inhibited severely the virus replication. electron microscopy of the cells infected with mayaro virus and treated with monensin revealed that the morphogenesis of mayaro virus was impaired in tc7 but not in a. albopictus cells. | 2003 | 14524478 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis beijing genotype, the netherlands. | | 2003 | 14609469 |
| mayaro virus in wild mammals, french guiana. | | 2003 | 14609474 |
| [exotic viral arthritis: role of alphavirus]. | only six of the many alphavirus known to affect humans can cause articular manifestations. they are the ross river and barmah forest viruses from the south pacific, the chikungunya, o'nyong nyong and sindbis viruses from tropical africa, and the mayaro virus from south america. in most cases, articular manifestations involve arthralgia or transient arthritis and are usually minor. however in some cases especially involving ross river virus acute polyarthritis may be the most prominent clinical f ... | 2004 | 15224565 |
| family cluster of mayaro fever, venezuela. | a cluster of protracted migratory polyarthritis involving four adult family members occurred in january 2000 after a brief overnight outing in a rural area of venezuela. laboratory testing demonstrated mayaro virus as the cause of the cluster. these results documented the first human cases of mayaro virus in venezuela. | 2004 | 15324555 |
| proteomics computational analyses suggest that the carboxyl terminal glycoproteins of bunyaviruses are class ii viral fusion protein (beta-penetrenes). | the bunyaviridae family of enveloped rna viruses includes five genuses, orthobunyaviruses, hantaviruses, phleboviruses, nairoviruses and tospoviruses. it has not been determined which bunyavirus protein mediates virion:cell membrane fusion. class ii viral fusion proteins (beta-penetrenes), encoded by members of the alphaviridae and flaviviridae, are comprised of three antiparallel beta sheet domains with an internal fusion peptide located at the end of domain ii. proteomics computational analyse ... | 2004 | 15544707 |
| mayaro virus infection alters glucose metabolism in cultured cells through activation of the enzyme 6-phosphofructo 1-kinase. | although it is well established that cellular transformation with tumor virus leads to changes on glucose metabolism, the effects of cell infection by non-transforming virus are far to be completely elucidated. in this study, we report the first evidence that cultured vero cells infected with the alphavirus mayaro show several alterations on glucose metabolism. infected cells presented a two fold increase on glucose consumption, accompanied by an increment in lactate production. this increase in ... | 2004 | 15646042 |
| duplex reverse transcription-pcr followed by nested pcr assays for detection and identification of brazilian alphaviruses and flaviviruses. | a new approach was developed for the rapid detection and identification of brazilian alphaviruses and flaviviruses. the methodology involves the genus-specific detection of alphavirus and flavivirus by a duplex reverse transcription-pcr (d-rt-pcr), followed by multiplex nested pcr (m-n-pcr) or nested pcr (n-pcr) assays for species-specific identification. by this protocol, 25 arboviruses were specifically detected and identified. detection levels between 10(1.3) and 10(3.5) 50% tissue culture in ... | 2005 | 15695666 |
| [exanthematous diseases and the first epidemic of dengue to occur in manaus, amazonas state, brazil, during 1998-1999]. | in 1998, the fmt/imt-am foundation implemented the surveillance system to diagnose acute undifferentiated febrile syndromes, with the objective of active and passive surveillance in brazilian western amazonian rainforest to identify and diagnose the etiologic agents of acute fever. the diagnoses were performed using serological tests to detect igm antibodies by elisa (enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay) cdc/opas or using commercial kits. a total of 8,557 serum samples obtained from patients with ... | 2004 | 15765597 |
| recurrent arthralgias in a patient with previous mayaro fever infection. | mayaro fever is an acute, self-limited, febrile, mosquito-borne viral disease manifested by fever, chills, headache, myalgias, and arthralgias. the virus belongs to the family togaviridae and the genus alphavirus. five other mosquito-borne viruses have been described as causing a similar dengue-like illness. the virus was first isolated in 1954, and the first epidemics were described in 1955 in brazil and bolivia. other cases have been reported in suriname, brazil, peru, french guiana, and trini ... | 2005 | 15898531 |
| a family of mammalian e3 ubiquitin ligases that contain the ubr box motif and recognize n-degrons. | a subset of proteins targeted by the n-end rule pathway bear degradation signals called n-degrons, whose determinants include destabilizing n-terminal residues. our previous work identified mouse ubr1 and ubr2 as e3 ubiquitin ligases that recognize n-degrons. such e3s are called n-recognins. we report here that while double-mutant ubr1(-/-) ubr2(-/-) mice die as early embryos, the rescued ubr1(-/-) ubr2(-/-) fibroblasts still retain the n-end rule pathway, albeit of lower activity than that of w ... | 2005 | 16055722 |
| mayaro virus: complete nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic relationships with other alphaviruses. | mayaro (may) virus is a member of the genus alphavirus in the family togaviridae. alphaviruses are distributed throughout the world and cause a wide range of diseases in humans and animals. here, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of may from a viral strain isolated from a french guianese patient. the deduced may genome was 11,429 nucleotides in length, excluding the 5' cap nucleotide and 3' poly(a) tail. nucleotide and amino acid homologies, as well as phylogenetic analyses of the o ... | 2006 | 16343676 |
| characterization of ross river virus tropism and virus-induced inflammation in a mouse model of viral arthritis and myositis. | mosquito-borne alphaviruses are a significant cause of both encephalitic and arthritic disease in humans worldwide. in contrast to the encephalitic alphaviruses, the pathogenesis of alphavirus-induced arthritic disease is not well understood. utilizing a mouse model of ross river virus (rrv) disease, we found that the primary targets of rrv infection are bone, joint, and skeletal muscle tissues of the hind limbs in both outbred cd-1 mice and adult c57bl/6j mice. moreover, histological analyses d ... | 2006 | 16378976 |
| the fusogenic state of mayaro virus induced by low ph and by hydrostatic pressure. | mayaro virus is an enveloped virus that belongs to the alphavirus genus. to gain insight into the mechanism involved in mayaro virus membrane fusion, we used hydrostatic pressure and low ph to isolate a fusion-active state of mayaro glycoproteins. in response to pressure, e1 glycoprotein undergoes structural changes resulting in the formation of a stable conformation. this state was characterized and correlated to that induced by low ph as measured by intrinsic fluorescence, 4,4'-dianilino-1,1'- ... | 2006 | 16679519 |
| genome microevolution of chikungunya viruses causing the indian ocean outbreak. | a chikungunya virus outbreak of unprecedented magnitude is currently ongoing in indian ocean territories. in réunion island, this alphavirus has already infected about one-third of the human population. the main clinical symptom of the disease is a painful and invalidating poly-arthralgia. besides the arthralgic form, 123 patients with a confirmed chikungunya infection have developed severe clinical signs, i.e., neurological signs or fulminant hepatitis. | 2006 | 16700631 |
| [arbovirus causing hemorrhagic fever at imss]. | to know the arbovirus causing hemorrhagic fever in patients at the mexican institute of social security. | 2006 | 16904038 |
| phylogenetic analysis of buggy creek virus: evidence for multiple clades in the western great plains, united states of america. | we present the first detailed phylogenetic analysis of buggy creek virus (bcrv), a poorly known alphavirus with transmission cycles involving a cimicid swallow bug (oeciacus vicarius) vector and cliff swallows (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and house sparrows (passer domesticus) as the principal avian hosts. nucleotide sequences of a 2,075-bp viral envelope glycoprotein-coding region, covering the entire pe2 gene, were determined for 33 bcrv isolates taken from swallow bugs at cliff swallow colonies ... | 2006 | 16936062 |
| reverse transcription-pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid detection and differentiation of alphavirus infections. | due to the lack of a rapid, simple, and inexpensive assay for detecting alphavirus infections, we combined a reverse transcription-pcr with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (rt-pcr-elisa) to identify human pathogenic alphaviruses that are endemic in the new world. by combining the sensitivity of pcr, the detection simplicity of elisa, and the specificities of dna probes, this method rapidly detected and differentiated closely related species and subtypes of several medically important alphav ... | 2006 | 16957044 |
| o'nyong-nyong virus, chad. | we report the first laboratory-confirmed human infection with o'nyong-nyong virus in chad. this virus was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with evidence of a seroconversion to a virus related to chikungunya virus. genome sequence was partly determined, and phylogenetic studies were conducted. | 2006 | 16965706 |
| vp4 protein from human rhinovirus 14 is released by pressure and locked in the capsid by the antiviral compound win. | rhinoviruses are the major causative agents of the common cold in humans. here, we studied the stability of human rhinovirus type 14 (hrv14) under conditions of high hydrostatic pressure, low temperature, and urea in the absence and presence of an antiviral drug. capsid dissociation and changes in the protein conformation were monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy, light scattering, circular dichroism, gel filtration chromatography, mass spectrometry and infectivity assays. the data show that h ... | 2007 | 17161425 |
| chikungunya infection in travelers. | the largest described outbreak of chikungunya virus has been occurring on the islands of the southwest indian ocean since march 2005. we describe the manifestations of chikungunya virus infection in travelers returning from these islands, with focus on skin manifestations. | 2006 | 17176573 |
| characterization of minaçu virus (reoviridae: orbivirus) and pathological changes in experimentally infected newborn mice. | minaçu virus was isolated from ochlerotatus scapularis (diptera: culicidae) in minaçu, goiás state, brazil, in 1996. in attempting characterization of virus serological (hemagluttination inhibition, hi; indirect immunofluorescence assay, ifa), physicochemical [test for deoxycholate acid (dca) sensitivity; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page)] tests and ultrastructural studies were made. virus was also assayed in suckling mice after intracerebral inoculation of 0.02 ml and in vero and c6/36 ... | 2007 | 17244340 |
| the molecular and cellular aspects of arthritis due to alphavirus infections: lesson learned from ross river virus. | alphaviruses such as the sindbis-group viruses, scandinavian ockelbo virus, the african asian chikungunya virus, the african o'nyong-nyong virus, the south american mayaro virus, and the australasian barmah forest and ross river viruses, are commonly associated with outbreaks of acute and persistent arthritis and arthralgia in humans. the mechanisms by which these viruses cause arthritis/arthralgia are poorly understood. this chapter summarizes our current understanding of viral arthritides usin ... | 2007 | 17470914 |
| human muscle satellite cells as targets of chikungunya virus infection. | chikungunya (chik) virus is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes in humans an acute infection characterised by fever, polyarthralgia, head-ache, and myalgia. since 2005, the emergence of chik virus was associated with an unprecedented magnitude outbreak of chik disease in the indian ocean. clinically, this outbreak was characterized by invalidating poly-arthralgia, with myalgia being reported in 97.7% of cases. since the cellular targets of chik virus in humans are unknown, we studied t ... | 2007 | 17565380 |
| infection by una virus (alphavirus; togaviridae) and risk factor analysis in black howler monkeys (alouatta caraya) from paraguay and argentina. | a neutralizing antibody (ntab) survey on una and mayaro viruses in black howler monkeys (aloutta caraya) from subtropical regions of argentina and paraguay was carried out. risk factors for infection in monkeys were analyzed. no positive sera for mayaro virus were detected. a prevalence of 73% (61/84) of ntab against unav was detected with titers ranging from 20 to 1280. according to the statistical analysis performed, the monkey's age was a significant risk factor, but not the origin or sex. th ... | 2007 | 17658571 |
| lactate favours the dissociation of skeletal muscle 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase tetramers down-regulating the enzyme and muscle glycolysis. | for a long period lactate was considered as a dead-end product of glycolysis in many cells and its accumulation correlated with acidosis and cellular and tissue damage. at present, the role of lactate in several physiological processes has been investigated based on its properties as an energy source, a signalling molecule and as essential for tissue repair. it is noteworthy that lactate accumulation alters glycolytic flux independently from medium acidification, thereby this compound can regula ... | 2007 | 17666012 |
| mayaro virus: imported cases of human infection in são paulo state, brazil. | mayaro virus (mayv) is an arbovirus (togaviridae: alphavirus) enzootic in tropical south america and maintained in a sylvan cycle involving wild vertebrates and haemagogus mosquitoes. mayv cases occur sporadically in persons with a history of recent activities inside or around forests. this paper reports three cases of mayv fever detected in men infected in camapuã, ms, brazil. serum samples collected at four days and two months after the onset of the symptoms and examined by hemagglutination in ... | 2007 | 17823750 |
| the exanthem of dengue fever: clinical features of two us tourists traveling abroad. | dengue fever is the most common identifiable cause of acute febrile illness among travelers returning from south america, south central asia, southeast asia, and the caribbean. although the characteristic exanthem of dengue fever occurs in up to 50% of patients, few descriptions of it are found in the dermatology literature, and discussions of how to distinguish the dengue exanthem from other infectious disease entities are rare. chikungunya fever is an emerging infectious disease now seen in re ... | 2008 | 17959270 |
| discovery of frameshifting in alphavirus 6k resolves a 20-year enigma. | the genus alphavirus includes several potentially lethal human viruses. additionally, species such as sindbis virus and semliki forest virus are important vectors for gene therapy, vaccination and cancer research, and important models for virion assembly and structural analyses. the genome encodes nine known proteins, including the small '6k' protein. 6k appears to be involved in envelope protein processing, membrane permeabilization, virion assembly and virus budding. in protein gels, 6k migrat ... | 2008 | 18822126 |
| venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in iquitos, peru: urban transmission of a sylvatic strain. | enzootic strains of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev) have been isolated from febrile patients in the peruvian amazon basin at low but consistent levels since the early 1990s. through a clinic-based febrile surveillance program, we detected an outbreak of veev infections in iquitos, peru, in the first half of 2006. the majority of these patients resided within urban areas of iquitos, with no report of recent travel outside the city. to characterize the risk factors for veev infection w ... | 2008 | 19079600 |
| gene expression in primate liver during viral hemorrhagic fever. | rhesus macaques infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) provide a model for human lassa fever. disease begins with flu-like symptoms and progresses rapidly with fatal consequences. previously, we profiled the blood transcriptome of lcmv-infected monkeys (m. djavani et al j. virol. 2007) showing distinct pre-viremic and viremic stages that discriminated virulent from benign infections. in the present study, changes in liver gene expression from macaques infected with virulent lcmv ... | 2009 | 19216742 |
| human febrile illness caused by encephalomyocarditis virus infection, peru. | etiologic studies of acute febrile disease were conducted in sites across south america, including cusco and iquitos, peru. patients' clinical signs and symptoms were recorded, and acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples were obtained for serologic examination and virus isolation in vero e6 and c6/36 cells. virus isolated in vero e6 cells was identified as encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) by electron microscopy and by subsequent molecular diagnostic testing of samples from 2 febrile patient ... | 2009 | 19331761 |
| performance of the realstar chikungunya virus real-time reverse transcription-pcr kit. | a novel commercial chikungunya virus real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) kit was evaluated on a comprehensive panel of original patient samples. the assay was 100% sensitive and specific in comparison to a published real-time rt-pcr. viral loads from both assays were highly correlated. the kit proved to be suitable for routine use in patient care. | 2009 | 19625474 |
| amelioration of alphavirus-induced arthritis and myositis in a mouse model by treatment with bindarit, an inhibitor of monocyte chemotactic proteins. | alphaviruses such as chikungunya virus, sindbis virus, o'nyong-nyong virus, mayaro virus, and ross river virus (rrv), are commonly associated with arthralgias and overt arthritides worldwide. understanding the processes by which arthritogenic viruses cause disease is a prerequisite in the quest for better treatments. in this regard, we have recently established that monocyte/macrophages are mediators of alphavirus-induced arthritis in mice. we hypothesized that chemokines associated with monocyt ... | 2009 | 19644852 |
| present and future arboviral threats. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are important causes of human disease nearly worldwide. all arboviruses circulate among wild animals, and many cause disease after spillover transmission to humans and agriculturally important domestic animals that are incidental or dead-end hosts. viruses such as dengue (denv) and chikungunya (chikv) that have lost the requirement for enzootic amplification now produce extensive epidemics in tropical urban centers. many arboviruses recently have increased i ... | 2010 | 19857523 |
| evolutionary patterns of eastern equine encephalitis virus in north versus south america suggest ecological differences and taxonomic revision. | the eastern equine encephalitis (eee) complex consists of four distinct genetic lineages: one that circulates in north america (na eeev) and the caribbean and three that circulate in central and south america (sa eeev). differences in their geographic, pathogenic, and epidemiologic profiles prompted evaluation of their genetic diversity and evolutionary histories. the structural polyprotein open reading frames of all available sa eeev and recent na eeev isolates were sequenced and used in evolut ... | 2010 | 19889755 |
| mayaro fever virus, brazilian amazon. | in february 2008, a mayaro fever virus (mayv) outbreak occurred in a settlement in santa barbara municipality, northern brazil. patients had rash, fever, and severe arthralgia lasting up to 7 days. immunoglobulin m against mayv was detected by elisa in 36 persons; 3 mayv isolates sequenced were characterized as genotype d. | 2009 | 19891877 |
| epidemic dynamics at the human-animal interface. | few infectious diseases are entirely human-specific: most human pathogens also circulate in animals or else originated in nonhuman hosts. influenza, plague, and trypanosomiasis are classic examples of zoonotic infections that transmit from animals to humans. the multihost ecology of zoonoses leads to complex dynamics, and analytical tools, such as mathematical modeling, are vital to the development of effective control policies and research agendas. much attention has focused on modeling pathoge ... | 2009 | 19965751 |
| diagnosis of chikungunya fever in an indian population by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay protocol based on an antigen detection assay: a prospective cohort study. | a chikungunya virus (chikv) outbreak continues in india. monitoring of the clinical features of chikv infection is an important component of assessing the disease process. diagnosis is usually made by an immunoglobulin m (igm)/igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). however, these assays have extremely low sensitivities for the detection of infection in the majority of chikv patients during the acute stage of infection (during the 1 to 4 days after infection). in our laboratory, a sensiti ... | 2010 | 20007365 |
| novel functions of the alphavirus nonstructural protein nsp3 c-terminal region. | the functions of the alphavirus-encoded nonstructural protein nsp3 during infection are poorly understood. in contrast, nsp1, nsp2, and nsp4 have known enzymatic activities and functions. a functional analysis of the c-terminal region of nsp3 of semliki forest virus revealed the presence of a degradation signal that overlaps with a sequence element located between nsp3 and nsp4 that is required for proteolytic processing. this element was responsible for the short half-life (1 h) of individually ... | 2010 | 20015978 |
| recovery from viral encephalomyelitis: immune-mediated noncytolytic virus clearance from neurons. | viral encephalomyelitis is caused by virus infections of neurons in the brain and spinal cord. recovery is dependent on immune-mediated control and clearance of virus from these terminally differentiated essential cells. preservation of neuronal function is essential for prevention of neurologic sequelae such as paralysis, seizures and cognitive deficits. using the model system of sindbis virus-induced encephalomyelitis in mice, we have shown that immune-mediated clearance of infectious virus fr ... | 2010 | 20087684 |
| a nonhuman primate model of chikungunya disease. | chikungunya disease is a severely debilitating, mosquito-borne, viral illness that has reached epidemic proportions in africa, asia, and the islands of the indian ocean. a mutation enhancing the ability of the chikungunya virus (chikv) to infect and be transmitted by aedes albopictus has increased the geographical range at risk for infection due to the continuing global spread of this mosquito. research into disease pathogenesis, vaccine development, and therapeutic design has been hindered by t ... | 2010 | 20179348 |
| chikungunya disease in nonhuman primates involves long-term viral persistence in macrophages. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that induces in humans a disease characterized by fever, rash, and pain in muscles and joints. the recent emergence or reemergence of chikv in the indian ocean islands and india has stressed the need to better understand the pathogenesis of this disease. previous chikv disease models have used young or immunodeficient mice, but these do not recapitulate human disease patterns and are unsuitable for testing immune-based therapies. herein, w ... | 2010 | 20179353 |
| assessing yellow fever risk in the ecuadorian amazon. | this study reports results of a cross-sectional study based on interviews and seroepidemiological methods to identify risk factors for yellow fever infection among personnel of a military garrison in the amazonian rainforest. clinical symptoms and signs observed among yellow fever cases are also described. humoral immune response to yellow fever, mayaro, venezuelan equine encephalitis, oropouche, and dengue 2 infection was assessed by evaluating igm and igg specific antibodies. a yellow fever at ... | 2009 | 20300380 |
| anamnestic immune response to dengue and decreased severity of yellow fever. | a protective immunity against yellow fever, from cross-reactive dengue antibodies, has been hypothesized as an explanation for the absence of yellow fever in southern asia where dengue immunity is almost universal. this study evaluates the association between protective immunity from cross-reactive dengue antibodies with yellow fever infection and severity of the disease. the study population consisted of military personnel of a jungle garrison and its detachments located in the ecuadorian amazo ... | 2009 | 20300401 |
| mosquitoes and mosquito-borne arboviruses in the qinghai-tibet plateau--focused on the qinghai area, china. | an investigation was conducted to identify the distribution of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne arboviruses in the qinghai-tibet plateau, china from july to august in 2007. a total of 8,147 mosquitoes representing six species from three genera (aedes, culex, and anopheles) were collected in three locations (geermu city, altitude of 2,780 m; xining city, 2,200 m; minhe county, 1,700 m). six virus isolates were obtained including tahyna virus (tahv), liaoning virus, and culex pipiens pallens densovir ... | 2010 | 20348523 |
| chikungunya outbreak in a rural area of western cameroon in 2006: a retrospective serological and entomological survey. | abstract: | 2010 | 20444282 |
| infection with mayaro virus in a french traveller returning from the amazon region, brazil, january, 2010. | mayaro virus (mayv) disease is a mosquito-borne zoonosis endemic in humid forests of tropical south america. mayv is closely related to other alphaviruses that produce a dengue-like illness accompanied by long-lasting arthralgia. a french tourist developed high-grade fever and severe joint manifestations following a 15-day trip in the amazon basin, brazil, and was diagnosed with mayv infection in january 2010. this case is the first reported in a traveller returning from an endemic south america ... | 2010 | 20460093 |
| detection of all species of the genus alphavirus by reverse transcription-pcr with diagnostic sensitivity. | clinical arbovirus screening requires exclusion of a broad range of viruses with as few assays as possible. we present a reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) for the detection of all species of the genus alphavirus qualified for exclusion screening (limit of detection [lod], 5 to 100 rna copies per reaction across all alphavirus species; detection of viremia down to ca. 10,000 copies per ml). | 2010 | 20504990 |
| imported mayaro virus infection in the netherlands. | a dutch couple, presenting with persisting arthralgias, temporary fever and rash after a stay in surinam were diagnosed with mayaro virus infection. mayaro virus is a relatively unknown south american alphavirus responsible for dengue-like clinical features and persisting arthralgias. an important, but probably underappreciated cross-reactivity with other alphaviruses like chikungunya virus is present, which may become of clinical importance in the event the various alphaviruses will have overla ... | 2010 | 20600300 |
| detection of saint louis encephalitis virus in dengue-suspected cases during a dengue 3 outbreak. | arboviruses are frequently associated with outbreaks in humans and represent a serious public health problem. among the brazilian arboviruses, mayaro virus, dengue virus (denv), yellow fever virus, rocio virus, saint louis encephalitis virus (slev), and oropouche virus are responsible for most of human cases. all these arboviruses usually produce undistinguishable acute febrile illness, especially in the acute phase of infection. in this study we investigated the presence of arboviruses in sera ... | 2011 | 20645866 |
| arboviral etiologies of acute febrile illnesses in western south america, 2000-2007. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are among the most common agents of human febrile illness worldwide and the most important emerging pathogens, causing multiple notable epidemics of human disease over recent decades. despite the public health relevance, little is know about the geographic distribution, relative impact, and risk factors for arbovirus infection in many regions of the world. our objectives were to describe the arboviruses associated with acute undifferentiated febrile illness ... | 2010 | 20706628 |
| serologic evidence of the recent circulation of saint louis encephalitis virus and high prevalence of equine encephalitis viruses in horses in the nhecolândia sub-region in south pantanal, central-west brazil. | as in humans, sub-clinical infection by arboviruses in domestic animals is common; however, its detection only occurs during epizootics and the silent circulation of some arboviruses may remain undetected. the objective of the present paper was to assess the current circulation of arboviruses in the nhecolândia sub-region of south pantanal, brazil. sera from a total of 135 horses, of which 75 were immunized with bivalent vaccine composed of inactive eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) and w ... | 2010 | 20945001 |
| envelope lipid-packing as a critical factor for the biological activity and stability of alphavirus particles isolated from mammalian and mosquito cells. | alphaviruses are enveloped arboviruses. the viral envelope is derived from the host cell and is positioned between two icosahedral protein shells (t = 4). because the viral envelope contains glycoproteins involved in cell recognition and entry, the integrity of the envelope is critical for the success of the early events of infection. differing levels of cholesterol in different hosts leads to the production of alphaviruses with distinct levels of this sterol loaded in the envelope. using mayaro ... | 2010 | 21075845 |
| mutations in nsp1 and pe2 are critical determinants of ross river virus-induced musculoskeletal inflammatory disease in a mouse model. | the viral determinants of alphavirus-induced rheumatic disease have not been elucidated. we identified an rrv strain (dc5692) which, in contrast to the t48 strain, does not induce musculoskeletal inflammation in a mouse model of rrv disease. substitution of the rrv t48 strain nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) coding sequence with that from strain dc5692 generated a virus that was attenuated in vivo despite similar viral loads in tissues. in contrast, substitution of the t48 pe2 coding region with t ... | 2010 | 21131014 |
| a mouse model of chikungunya virus-induced musculoskeletal inflammatory disease: evidence of arthritis, tenosynovitis, myositis, and persistence. | chikungunya virus (chikv), an emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus, causes debilitating rheumatic disease in humans that can last for weeks to months. starting in 2004, a chikv outbreak in the indian ocean region affected millions of people, and infected travelers introduced chikv to new regions. the pathogenesis of chikv is poorly understood, and no approved vaccines or specific therapies exist. a major challenge to the study of chikv disease is the lack of a small animal model that recapitulates ... | 2010 | 21224040 |