| primary isolation of mycobacterium avium complex-serotype 6 on blood agar. | mycobacterium avium complex-serotype 6 was isolated in pure culture on blood agar plates from inocula taken from the heart blood, lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen of a naturally infected captive female opossum (didelphis marsupialis virginiana). repeat cultures from stored tissues and transfer of colonies from original blood agar plates revealed that the mycobacterium grew on tryptose, brilliant green, eosin-methylene blue. sabouraud glucose, and mycobiotic agar plates and in fletcher leptospir ... | 1976 | 972192 |
| isolation of a fastidious mycobacterium species from two aids patients. | two strains of fastidious mycobacteria were isolated from two patients with aids and clinical disease suggestive of mycobacterium avium complex infection. acid-fast bacilli were isolated from blood and bone marrow of both patients in bactec 12b and/or 13a media. the acid-fast bacilli failed to grow on subculture to routine löwenstein-jensen medium containing pyruvate and egg yolk agar. after several attempts, the strain from one patient was finally cultured on middlebrook 7h9 medium with agar, c ... | 1992 | 1280645 |
| detection and identification of multiple mycobacterial pathogens by dna amplification in a single tube. | a comparison of the dna sequence of the 16s rrna revealed a region in which there was a minor variation between the species of mycobacteria. this information was used to develop a multiplex amplification system that could identify the genus mycobacterium and then distinguish between m. avium and m. intracellulare, two commonly encountered mycobacteria other than tuberculosis. the combination of these rrna gene primers together with primers aimed at the mpb70 gene of m. tuberculosis complex organ ... | 1992 | 1282431 |
| structures of the glycopeptidolipid antigens of serovars 25 and 26 of the mycobacterium avium serocomplex, synthesis of allyl glycosides of the outer disaccharide units and serology of the derived neoglycoproteins. | the pentasaccharide hapten released from the glycopeptidolipid (gpl) antigen of m. avium serovar 26 has been characterized as o-(2,4-di-o-methyl-alpha-l-fucopyranosyl)-(1-->4)- o-beta-d-glucopyranosyluronic acid-(1-->4)-o-(2-o-methyl-alpha-l-fucopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-alpha-l- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-6-deoxy-l-talose. the allyl glycosides of the outer glycosyl and glycobiosyl units of this hapten have been synthesized, the latter by a route involving oxidation of the corresponding d-glucopyranose de ... | 1992 | 1284113 |
| localization of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare within a skin lesion of bacillary angiomatosis in a patient with aids. | we report a 39-year-old man who had aids and who presented with an unusual cutaneous vascular lesion, which was clinically thought to be kaposi's sarcoma. histologically, the lesion was characterized by capillary proliferation and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate that included numerous histiocytes. the lesion was found to contain slender intracellular acid-fast bacilli, as well as plump extracellular warthin-starry-positive bacilli. the acid-fast bacilli were confirmed to be mycobacterium avium-i ... | 1992 | 1285277 |
| chlorpromazine: a drug potentially useful for treating mycobacterial infections. | chlorpromazine (cpz) is one of several phenothiazines known to have antimicrobial properties. it can inhibit mycobacteria, and was reported in the early literature to improve tuberculosis clinically. cpz was tested here for its ability to inhibit the replication of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium in cultured normal human macrophages, as determined by counts of viable bacteria at 0, 4, and 7 days after bacterial infection of the macrophages. cpz inhibited the intracellular bact ... | 1992 | 1288966 |
| [ofloxacin in the treatment of pulmonary changes caused by mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium xenopii]. | two cases of atypical mycobacterial infections are reported. the first caused by mycobacterium avium in a patient with silicosis, the second by mycobacterium xenopii in a subject with evidence of extensive post-tuberculosis pulmonary lesions. both were treated with ofloxacin with good results. | 1992 | 1290992 |
| [coinfection by nocardia asteroides and mycobacterium avium- intracellulare in a patient with aids]. | | 1992 | 1292611 |
| [identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium by non-radioactive probes: evaluation of the snap syngene system]. | we evaluated an alkaline phosphatase-labeled oligonucleotide probe for the rapid identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacteria belonging to the m avium and m intracellulare complex (mais). sixty-two strains of mycobacteria and eight strains belonging to related genera were studied. all m tuberculosis strains hybridized with the tuberculosis probe. all m avium and m intracellulare gave a strong signal with their probes. however the 3 m xenopi strains tested hybridized with all pro ... | 1992 | 1294016 |
| [comparison of mb-check, bactec, and egg-based media for recovery of mycobacteria]. | the rate of recovery and time to the detection of mycobacteria from clinical specimens were measured for biphasic and radiometric liquid-based culture systems and egg-based media (3% ogawa and ogawa k). from the 245 sputum specimens processed, a total of 86 (35.1%) mycobacterial isolates were detected. of these, 81 (94.2%) and 80 (93.0%) isolates were detected with the mb-check and bactec systems, respectively, and 65 (75.6%) isolates were detected with the 3% ogawa egg method. the difference in ... | 1992 | 1294784 |
| [dna probe and polymerase chain reaction for detection and identification of mycobacteria]. | the dna probe and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique for detection and identification of mycobacteria were compared with the conventional smear and culture method. the results of identification by dna probe agreed well with those of the biochemical method. moreover, six percent of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were revealed to be mycobacteria other than mac by dna probe. the nested pcr for detection of gene coding protein antigen b of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex showed excellen ... | 1992 | 1294786 |
| [disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection]. | | 1992 | 1307520 |
| clarithromycin and azithromycin: new macrolide antibiotics. | the chemistry, mechanism of action, antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage and administration of clarithromycin and azithromycin are described. clarithromycin and azithromycin are new macrolide antibiotics that are similar in structure to erythromycin. compared with erythromycin, clarithromycin demonstrates increased activity against staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, legionella pneumophila, moraxella catarrhalis, and chlamyd ... | 1992 | 1312921 |
| ci-960 (pd127391 or am-1091), sparfloxacin, win 57273, and isepamicin activity against clinical isolates of mycobacterium avium-intracellularae complex, m. chelonae, and m. fortuitum. | a 7h9 broth microdilution method against ci-960, sparfloxacin, win57273, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, isepamicin, amikacin, kanamycin, ethambutol, isoniazid, and rifampin was used to test 35 mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mai) and five m. chelonae-fortuitum strains. the majority of mai isolates were inhibited by all tested compounds, with sparfloxacin (mic90, 0.5 micrograms/ml) being the most active among the fluoroquinolones; isepamicin (mic90, 4 micrograms/ml), the most potent amin ... | 1992 | 1315233 |
| heat shock treatment of macrophages causes increased release of superoxide anion. | heat shock treatment of murine macrophages and the j774 cell line resulted in an enhanced capacity to release superoxide anion (o2-) upon stimulation. there was no concomitant increase in hydrogen peroxide production, and the macrophage microbicidal activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium complex, and staphylococcus aureus was not altered. | 1992 | 1316875 |
| azithromycin--spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics, and clinical applications. | azithromycin is an azalide antimicrobial agent. structurally related to the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin, its mechanism of activity (similar to erythromycin) is interference with bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50s component of the 70s ribosomal subunit. although slightly less potent than erythromycin against gram-positive organisms, azithromycin demonstrates superior activity in vitro against a wide variety of gram-negative bacilli, including haemophilus influenzae. absorptio ... | 1992 | 1319048 |
| rifabutin receives treatment ind status for aids-related use. | | 1992 | 1319245 |
| in vitro activity of dna gyrase inhibitors, singly and in combination, against mycobacterium avium complex. | the in vitro activities of the dna gyrase inhibitors ciprofloxacin, coumermycin, and novobiocin against 31 clinical isolates of mycobacterium avium complex were studied using a microdilution technique. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined in 4 days using middlebrook 7h9 broth, and minimal bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) were determined by subculturing to middlebrook 7h10 agar. mics were: ciprofloxacin, 0.5-greater than 16 (mean, 4.1) micrograms/ml; novobiocin, 4-greater th ... | 1992 | 1319302 |
| [extracellular and intracellular activity of sparfloxacin against mycobacterium avium complex and mycobacterium xenopi]. | activity of the new fluoroquinolone sparfloxacin against 30 strains of m. avium complex and 25 strains of m. xenopi was tested in vitro. sparfloxacin was used alone (determination of mics and mbcs) and in combination with ethambutol and rifabutin. synergy studies with determination of the fic and fbc indices showed that the sparfloxacin-ethambutol combination was synergistic against 10 m. avium complex strains and 12 m. xenopi strains. with the three-drug combination (sparfloxacin-ethambutol-rif ... | 1992 | 1323093 |
| tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulates mycobactericidal/mycobacteriostatic activity in human macrophages by a protein kinase c-independent pathway. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) is a 17-kda protein produced by endotoxin-stimulated macrophages. we have demonstrated that recombinant human tnf activates human macrophages to kill intracellular bacteria of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in a dose-related manner. tnf also primed macrophages to produce superoxide anion (o2-) following treatment with phorbol esther pma (0.1 micrograms/ml). to investigate the intracellular pathway involved in the tnf-mediated activation of mycobacteriostatic/my ... | 1992 | 1327540 |
| interleukin-6 antagonizes tumor necrosis factor-mediated mycobacteriostatic and mycobactericidal activities in macrophages. | interleukin-6 (il-6) is a cytokine produced by a number of cells, including macrophages, and is directly involved in the inflammatory response. the production of il-6 can be stimulated by monokines such as il-1 and tumor necrosis factor (tnf). mycobacterium avium complex organisms frequently cause disseminated disease in patients with aids. m. avium is an intracellular bacterium that that mainly infects macrophages. treatment of m. avium-infected macrophage monolayers with recombinant il-6 decre ... | 1992 | 1328056 |
| biologically distinct subtypes of mycobacterium avium differ in possession of insertion sequence is901. | mycobacterium avium causes disease, principally tuberculosis in immunocompromised individuals. it is the most frequent cause of disseminated infections in aids patients in the west. the pathogen is also associated with disease in animals, chiefly birds and livestock, and may be isolated from environmental samples such as soil and water. analysis of strains of m. avium isolated from clinical, veterinary, and environmental sources for the presence of the mycobacterial insertion sequences is900 and ... | 1992 | 1328288 |
| activity of azithromycin against mycobacterium avium infection in beige mice. | the comparative activities of azithromycin and clarithromycin and the activities of azithromycin alone and in combination with other antimycobacterial agents were evaluated in the beige mouse model of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection. azithromycin was similar in activity to clarithromycin. azithromycin plus clofazimine plus ethambutol reduced the number of splenic organisms more than azithromycin alone, while the combination was less active than azithromycin alone for bacteria ... | 1992 | 1329622 |
| activities of win-57273, minocycline, clarithromycin, and 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin against mycobacterium avium complex in human macrophages. | the activities of the fluoroquinolone win-57273, 14-oh clarithromycin (a human metabolite of clarithromycin), and minocycline against two virulent strains of mycobacterium avium complex were evaluated in a model of intracellular infection and compared with that of clarithromycin. human monocyte-derived macrophages were infected at day 6 of culture. intracellular cfu at 60 min and intracellular and supernatant cfu on days 4 and 7 were counted after inoculation. the concentrations used, which were ... | 1992 | 1332586 |
| the catalase-peroxidase of mycobacterium intracellulare: nucleotide sequence analysis and expression in escherichia coli. | the activation of catalase genes in response to oxidative stress may contribute to the intracellular survival of mycobacteria. in this report, the nucleotide sequence of a mycobacterial catalase gene is described. the deduced protein sequence of this mycobacterium intracellulare gene (mi85) was 60% identical to the escherichia coli hydroperoxidase i (hpi) protein, 59% identical to the salmonella typhimurium (hpi) catalase, and 47% identical to a bacillus stearothermophilus peroxidase. the mi85 p ... | 1992 | 1336034 |
| sparfloxacin, ethambutol, and cortisol receptor inhibitor ru-40 555 treatment for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection of normal c57bl/6 mice. | sparfloxacin (50 mg/kg of body weight given subcutaneously each day), alone or in combination with ethambutol (50 mg/kg given subcutaneously each day), was examined for its therapeutic efficacy against experimental infection induced with the mycobacterium avium complex in normal c57bl/6 mice. in addition, the potential anti-infective role of ru-40 555 (100 mg/kg given intraperitoneally each day), a drug that inhibits the cortisol receptors, was examined in the same model. treatments were started ... | 1992 | 1336944 |
| activity of clarithromycin against mycobacterium avium complex infection in beige mice. | the activity of clarithromycin alone and in combination with other antimycobacterial agents was evaluated in the beige (c57bl/6j bgj/bgj) mouse model of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. a dose-response experiment was performed with clarithromycin at 50, 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg of body weight administered daily by gavage to mice infected with approximately 10(7) viable mac. a dose-related reduction in spleen and liver cell counts was noted with treatment at 50, 100, and 20 ... | 1992 | 1336945 |
| rapid detection and species identification of mycobacteria in paraffin-embedded tissues by polymerase chain reaction. | the sensitivity and specificity of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in the detection of mycobacteria in paraffin-embedded tissues and in crude lysates of mycobacterial cultures were assessed. sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were deparaffinized and then subjected to a simple proteinase k and boiling lysis procedure. these preparations were used directly for pcr amplification of the 383 bp segment of the gene encoding the 65 kda mycobacterial surface antigen. crude lysates ... | 1992 | 1342965 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection: clinical identification and epidemiologic trends. | to evaluate the incidence of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection (dmac) and to define the association between signs and symptoms and development of dmac in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, all cases of dmac at grady memorial hospital infectious disease clinic (atlanta) between 1985 and 1990 were reviewed, and a prospective study of the association of symptoms with dmac was done. between 1985 and 1990, dmac occurred in 16% of patients with aids. incidence ... | 1992 | 1347060 |
| use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for subspecies identification of mycobacteria in the mycobacterium avium complex and for isolation of dna probes. | mycobacterial strains from the mycobacterium avium complex were compared with each other and with mycobacterium phlei isolates by restriction endonuclease digestion of chromosomal dna with sspi and analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. characteristic profiles were observed for known typed strains, and five groups were identified. primary bovine isolates identified as mycobacterium paratuberculosis by classical methods were shown to fall into both the m. paratuberculosis- and m. avium-lik ... | 1992 | 1352787 |
| evaluation of a commercial chemiluminescent gene probe system 'accuprobe' for the rapid differentiation of mycobacteria, including 'maic x', isolated from blood and other sites, from patients with aids. | optimal therapy of mycobacterial infections in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is difficult to achieve because of the time needed for a conventional culture to differentiate between mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (maic) and mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc). the recent commercial availability of gene probing techniques has introduced the potential for more rapid differentiation. we have evaluated the suitability of this technique. the specificity of the chemilumines ... | 1992 | 1353090 |
| mycobacteria in crohn's disease: dna probes identify the wood pigeon strain of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium paratuberculosis from human tissue. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis is known to cause johne's disease, a granulomatous ileitis in ruminants, and may be involved in some cases of crohn's disease. like m. paratuberculosis, the wood pigeon strain of mycobacterium avium may also show mycobactin dependence on primary isolation that is attenuated on further subculturing. a wood pigeon strain, m. avium restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) type a/i, is also capable of causing granulomatous ileitis in experimental animal models b ... | 1992 | 1360477 |
| epidemiological and genetic markers, virulence factors and intracellular growth of mycobacterium avium in aids. | | 1992 | 1360693 |
| typing by dna probe of mycobacterial species isolated from patients with aids. | restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) types of mycobacterium avium intracellulare and mycobacterium kansasii isolated from patients with aids were examined. we demonstrate that one rflp type is much more common than others which confirms previous findings. carriage of individual rflp types is constant over long periods of time. in addition, we document a disseminated infection in a patient with m. avium intracellulare of three rflp types. | 1992 | 1361938 |
| incidence and natural history of mycobacterium avium-complex infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease treated with zidovudine. the zidovudine epidemiology study group. | to determine the incidence and natural history of mycobacterium avium-complex infections in persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, we studied a multicenter cohort of 1,020 persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or the aids-related complex (arc) and cd4 cell count < 0.250 x 10(9)/l initially treated with zidovudine between april 1987 and april 1988. m. avium-complex infections developed in 123 (12%) patients during follow-up, with a 2-yr actuarial risk ... | 1992 | 1362634 |
| diagnosis of mycobacterial infections by pcr and restriction enzyme digestion. | a method for the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections by pcr amplification followed by selective restriction enzyme digestion of the pcr product was developed. the amplified dna sequence used in this study occurs within the gene encoding for the mycobacterial 65 kda heat shock protein (hance et al. 1989), which is found in all mycobacteria. however, there are minute differences in the amplified sequence from the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex compared with the corresponding sequence from th ... | 1992 | 1369390 |
| [intracellular killing mechanisms of alveolar macrophages against mycobacterium avium complex]. | to clarify the intracellular killing mechanisms of alveolar macrophages against mycobacterium avium complex, effects of cytokines on o2- and no2- production from normal and bcg-induced alveolar macrophages were studied. intracellular growth of m. avium complex was inhibited in the alveolar macrophages stimulated by tnf, but not ifn. enhancement of o2- production by normal alveolar macrophages stimulated by cytokines, was associated with the inhibition of intracellular growth of m. avium complex. ... | 1992 | 1371815 |
| refractile mycobacteria in romanowsky-stained bone marrow smears. a comparison of acid-fast-stained tissue sections and romanowsky-stained smears. | the appearance of mycobacteria was studied in wright-stained bone marrow preparations of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients and compared with acid-fast-stained trephine biopsy sections and culture results. mycobacterium avium complex in romanowsky-stained preparations may be seen as extracellular and intracellular clear or red refractile beaded rods and nonrefractile "negative images." refractile mycobacteria were seen in 17 of 20 culture-positive cases. acid-fast stain of the trephi ... | 1992 | 1371899 |
| [a new, highly synergistic drug combination for the treatment of infections with multiresistant mycobacteria, especially the mycobacterium avium complex]. | rationally designed combinations of rifampicin/thiacetazone plus isoniazid and/or ethambutol are highly effective in the treatment of patients (including hiv-pos.) infected with multiply resistant mycobacteria of the m. avium complex (mac). clinical results are very promising. the high efficacy of these combinations is due to the synergistic potentiation of single drug activities. as soon as rifabutin is marketed it should replace rifampicin in the combination treatment of patients with highly r ... | 1992 | 1377169 |
| clarithromycin. a review of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential. | clarithromycin is an acid-stable orally administered macrolide antimicrobial drug, structurally related to erythromycin. it has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, similar to that of erythromycin and inhibits a range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, atypical pathogens and some anaerobes. significantly, clarithromycin demonstrates greater in vitro activity than erythromycin against certain pathogens including bacteroides melaninogenicus, chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydia tracho ... | 1992 | 1379907 |
| comparative antigenic analysis of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolates from aids patients. | sonicates of several mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains isolated from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients were characterized in order to study the prominent antigens of these strains. sonicates of 6-week-old cultures were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and western blotting. a major 12 kda glycoprotein antigen was observed in all the sonicates along with other proteins ranging up to 100 kda. western blotting, using the 12 kda ... | 1992 | 1292716 |
| in-vivo activity of streptomycin and clofazimine against established infections of mycobacterium avium complex in beige mice. | beige mice were challenged with 10(6)-10(7) cfu of mycobacterium avium intracellulare strain 101 and 22 days later treated with streptomycin 150 mg/kg/day alone, clofazimine 20 mg/kg/day alone, streptomycin 150 mg/kg/day plus clofazimine 20 mg/kg/day, or no antimicrobial agent (untreated controls). both single-drug therapies partially reduced the cfu counts in spleen, liver and lungs compared with the controls however the combination was significantly more effective and completely eliminated the ... | 1992 | 1289358 |
| sources of mycobacterium avium complex infection resulting in human diseases. | human disease caused by organisms in the mycobacterium avium complex occur virtually worldwide. a 20-year ongoing study conducted in western germany has been analyzed to elucidate the ecologic and epidemiologic characteristics of these infections in man. organisms included in this investigation have been cultured from man, from domestic and wild animals and fowl, and from a variety of environmental sources. in addition to the usual taxonomic studies of these bacilli, infrasubspecific typing by s ... | 1977 | 931182 |
| comparison of four culture media for isolation of mycobacterium avium complex from porcine tissues. | the efficiency of four culture media was compared for the isolation of mycobacterium avium complex from 197 procine tissues. in 82 tissues with microscopic granulomas and acid-fast bacilli, a significantly greater number of isolates were obtained on middlebrook 7h10 medium with sodium pyruvate than on stonebrink medium, herrold egg yolk agar medium, or lowenstein-jensen medium (p=0.01). in 46 tissues in which no microscopic granulomas or acid-fast bacilli were observed, a significantly greater n ... | 1979 | 429541 |
| identification of a beta 1 integrin on mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare. | mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare (mai) is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen responsible for the highest incidence of disseminated bacterial infection in patients with aids. treatment of the infection is extremely difficult and has shown limited efficacy. a critical event in the initiation of a variety of bacterial infections involves the adherence of bacteria to host cell surfaces. in the present study, we have shown that mai organisms bind avidly to extracellular matrix pr ... | 1992 | 1379987 |
| development of effective drug combinations for the inhibition of multiply resistant mycobacteria, especially of the mycobacterium avium complex. | rationally designed combinations of rifampicin (ramp) and thiacetazone plus isonicotinic acid hydrazide and/or ethambutol are highly effective in the treatment of patients (including hiv-positive) infected with multiply resistant mycobacteria of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). clinical results are very promising. the high efficacy of these combinations is due to the synergistic potentiation of single-drug activities. as soon as rifabutin is marketed, it should replace ramp in the combinat ... | 1992 | 1380906 |
| comparison of the intracellular activities of clarithromycin and erythromycin against mycobacterium avium complex strains in j774 cells and in alveolar macrophages from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals. | the intracellular activities of clarithromycin and erythromycin, alone and in combination with other antimicrobial agents, were tested against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains inside mouse j774 cells and inside alveolar macrophages obtained from human immunodeficiency type 1-infected individuals. clarithromycin alone had greater intracellular activity than erythromycin alone, and drug combinations that included clarithromycin were usually more active than combinations that included eryt ... | 1992 | 1387302 |
| [studies on whole chromosomal dna probes from mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium intracellulare]. | the whole chromosomal dna probes prepared from m. tuberculosis and m. intracellulare were used to hybridize in dna dot blot and bacterial dot blot hybridization with 9 reference strains of mycobacteria, including m. tuberculosis, m. bovis, m. avium, m. intracellulare, m kansasii, etc. these two probes showed good sensitivity and specificity for m. tuberculosis complex and m. avium complex respectively. using the colony hybridization in situ, we can detect and identify m. tuberculosis with the pr ... | 1992 | 1394583 |
| activity of defensins from human neutrophilic granulocytes against mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare. | we have examined the activity of defensins from human neutrophilic granulocytes against mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare. m. avium-m. intracellulare at 2.5 x 10(6)/ml or 2.5 x 10(8)/ml was cultured in the presence of defensins at 37 degrees c from 4 to 48 h. after incubation, cfu were enumerated. human neutrophil peptide 1 (hnp-1) at 5 micrograms/ml had the ability to kill m. avium-m. intracellulare. treatment with hnp-1 resulted in significant (96.3 to 97.7%) killing of m. avium ... | 1992 | 1398982 |
| identification of mycobacterium avium complex strains and some similar species by high-performance liquid chromatography. | strains of mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare, mycobacterium scrofulaceum, mycobacterium xenopi, and mycobacterium gordonae were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis of mycolic acids as bromophenacyl esters. hplc criteria were used to develop a flow chart identification scheme, which was evaluated in our laboratory with a set of 234 strains representing five species and a hitherto undescribed species. correct identifications of m. gordonae and m. xe ... | 1992 | 1400970 |
| [identification of mycobacteria by the acridinium-ester labeled dna probes for m. tuberculosis and m. avium-intracellulare complex in culture and its clinical application]. | the detectability of mycobacterium in culture by non-isotopic, chemiluminescent dna probes for mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) and m. avium-intracellulare complex (mac) was evaluated and compared with that by 125i-labeled dna probe for the same mycobacteria. the sensitivity and specificity of the ae-dna probes for mac were 97.2% and 100%, respectively, for the conventional method and were both 100% for the 125i-labeled dna probes. the detection limits of the ae-dna probes tests for ... | 1992 | 1402066 |
| [evaluation of the alkaline-phosphatase labeled dna probes for mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex]. | non-radioisotopic, alkaline phosphatase-labeled dna (ap-dna) probe tests for the identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtb) and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were evaluated. the overall agreement, sensitivity and specificity of the ap-dna probes for mtb and mac were 100% respectively compared with the conventional biochemical method. because the procedure is rapid (it can be completed approximately 120 min), safe (it does not use radioisotopes) and convenient (it does not nee ... | 1992 | 1402115 |
| bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of antituberculosis drugs against mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex and mycobacterium kansasii in different growth phases. | bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of rifampicin, isoniazid, streptomycin, enviomycin and ethambutol against mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium--m. intracellulare complex and mycobacterium kansasii were studied in different growth phases. bacteriostatic activities of the drugs were similar in different growth phases, except isoniazid. m. tuberculosis was much less susceptible to isoniazid in the lag phase than in the log and the stationary phases. in contrast, bactericidal a ... | 1992 | 1406364 |
| cytokine activation of killer cells in mycobacterial immunity. | mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai) is an ubiquitous soil contaminant that rarely causes disseminated disease in adults, regardless of immunological status. in aids patients, however, this microorganism invades virtually every tissue and organ, and most conventional chemotherapeutic agents are usually ineffective against mai. we report here that monocytes, in which mai has established an intracellular parasitic stage, appear to be under the control of natural killer (nk) cells. autologous l ... | 1992 | 1414586 |
| bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of gentamicin alone and in combination with clarithromycin against mycobacterium avium. | the inhibitory activity of gentamicin against mycobacterium avium depended on the ph of the medium, and the broth-determined mics for 90% of strains were 5.0 micrograms/ml at ph 7.4, 9.5 micrograms/ml at ph 6.8, and greater than 16.0 micrograms/ml at ph 5.0. the mbcs were two- to eightfold higher than the mics. the combined effect of gentamicin and clarithromycin was additive, and the mics and mbcs of each drug were either the same as those in the single-drug tests or reduced twofold. | 1992 | 1416852 |
| activities of clarithromycin against eight slowly growing species of nontuberculous mycobacteria, determined by using a broth microdilution mic system. | mics of clarithromycin against 324 clinical isolates belonging to eight species of slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria were determined by using a broth microdilution system. isolates were inoculated into twofold drug dilutions in middlebrook 7h9 broth (ph corrected to 7.4) and then incubated at 30 degrees c for 7 days for mycobacterium marinum and for 14 days for all other species. the mic for 90% of the strains (mic90) was less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml for isolates of mycobacte ... | 1992 | 1416891 |
| a new glycolipid from mycobacterium avium--mycobacterium intracellulare complex. | from a nonpolar lipid fraction of mycobacterium avium--mycobacterium intracellulare complex cell mass, a new glycolipid was obtained, which was shown to be 5-mycoloyl-beta-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->2)-5-mycoloyl-alpha-ar abinofuranosyl- (1-->1')-glycerol. when examined by tlc, all the 12 strains of this species tested, including clinical isolates, were found to contain this glycolipid. but the glycolipid was not detected in mycobacterium bovis bcg or mycobacterium tubrculosis h37rv. | 1992 | 1420348 |
| skin testing with recombinant mycobacterium intracellulare antigens. | the immunoreactivity of four recombinant mycobacterium intracellulare beta-galactosidase fusion proteins, which correspond to 22, 40, 43 and 85 kda m. intracellulare antigens, was assessed. lymphoproliferative assays demonstrated that escherichia coli lysates containing each of the fusion proteins stimulated t cells in vitro. purified preparations of three of these recombinant m. intracellulare antigens (22, 43 and 85 kda) also induced delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) reactions in sensitized ... | 1992 | 1421343 |
| effectiveness of the macrolide clarithromycin in the treatment of mycobacterium avium complex infection in hiv-infected patients. | in a randomized double-blind study, nine mycobacteremic patients with aids-related disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection received clarithromycin or placebo in addition to a basic regimen that included isoniazid, ethambutol and clofazimine. all four patients receiving clarithromycin showed blood culture conversion and clinical response. of the five patients treated without clarithromycin, two showed resolution of mycobacteremia and clinical response, while another two died with ... | 1992 | 1428183 |
| correlation between inhibitory effect of quinolones and mycolic acid metabolism in mycobacteria. | mycolic acids are important components having a significant role in maintaining the rigidity of mycobacterial cell wall. they could also be the barrier for penetration of certain drugs into the bacterial cell. a novel in vitro model system was established for assessing the effect of ciproflaxacin on mycolic acid metabolism in pathogenic mycobacteria m. kansasii (which has similar mycolic acid pattern to that from m. leprae) and the effect of norfloxacin in m. intracellulare. these test mycobacte ... | 1992 | 1431322 |
| copyrine alkaloids: synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and antimycotic/antimycobacterial activity of a- and b-ring-functionalized sampangines. | several a- and b-ring-substituted sampangines were synthesized and evaluated for antifungal and antimycobacterial activity against aids-related opportunistic infection pathogens. electrophilic halogenation provided a channel for structural elaboration of the sampangine b-ring at position 4, while the synthesis of a-ring 3-substituted sampangines and benzo[4,5]sampangine (24) were achieved from the corresponding functionalized cleistopholines. two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy was used to rigorous ... | 1992 | 1433213 |
| a biphasic system for primary isolation of mycobacteria compared to solid medium and broth culture. | a biphasic culture system, the mb check, was compared with conventional culture on löwenstein-jensen egg (lj) solid medium and with bactec broth culture for primary isolation of mycobacteria from clinical samples. a total of 104 mycobacterial isolates was detected from 985 samples examined by the three methods. the most sensitive primary isolation was with lj culture and mb check; these methods detected 93% and 87% of all positive cultures, respectively. mb check allowed a somewhat more rapid de ... | 1992 | 1433255 |
| [rapid diagnosis of mycobacteria, especially mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex, using mb check system]. | fourty-five sputum specimens were subjected to isolation for mycobacteria either mb check system (mb method; f. hoffmann-la roche ltd., basel, switzerland) or 3% ogawa egg medium (ogawa method). test sputum was treated with 4 volumes of 4% naoh for 1-2 min and 0.1 ml of the resulting mixture was inoculated onto 3% ogawa egg medium. the remaining portion of the mixture was neutralized with in hcl, diluted with 1/15 m phosphate buffer (pb; ph 6.8), and subsequently centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 20 ... | 1992 | 1434318 |
| [clinical characteristics of the patients with primary infection of mycobacterium avium complex]. | clinical characteristics are analyzed in patients with primary infection of mycobacterium avium complex (mac). the definition of primary infection of mac are determined as follows; 1) mac is found several times since the beginning of the disease, 2) clinical symptoms or abnormal shadow corresponding to mac infection on chest roentgenogram, 3) no old tuberculous lesions nor other abnormal shadows like bronchiectasis, 4) no abnormal serological results suggesting other bacterial or viral infection ... | 1992 | 1434320 |
| mycobacterium avium complex and mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | primary care physicians play an important role in identifying and treating bacterial infections in adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). mycobacterium avium complex and mycobacterium tuberculosis are pathogens that can cause systemic or local infection in these patients. we review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and principles of treatment for these two mycobacterial pathogens. because m tuberculosis disease is preventable and curable and yet communi ... | 1992 | 1441463 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis and serologic characterization of the mycobacterium intracellulare homologue of the mycobacterium tuberculosis 19 kda antigen. | disseminated mycobacterium avium/mycobacterium intracellulare complex (mac) disease is a frequent complication in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). in this report, we present the nucleotide sequence of the m. intracellulare mi22 gene. computer sequence comparisons reveal that the mi22 gene, which encodes a serologically active protein, has 78% dna sequence identity and 77% protein sequence identity with the seroreactive 19 kda mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoprotein an ... | 1992 | 1445568 |
| postantibiotic effect of amikacin and rifapentine against mycobacterium avium complex. | postantibiotic effect (pae) has received little attention in the therapy of chronic intracellular infections, such as those caused by mycobacteria. amikacin is active therapeutically against mycobacterium avium complex, even though serum levels exceed the mic for only a few hours. to determine the pae of amikacin and rifapentine for m. avium, bacteria were exposed to concentrations of 1x, 4x, and 10x the mic of each drug for up to 120 min. regrowth of m. avium was compared with similarly diluted ... | 1992 | 1445599 |
| gastrointestinal obstruction due to mycobacterium avium intracellulare associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | three patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) had complete or incomplete gastrointestinal obstruction resulting from infection with mycobacterium avium intracellulare. the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the obstruction in the three cases were ileal volvulus due to adhesions from matted infected mesenteric lymph nodes, ileal intussusception due to engorged infected ileal mucosa, and small bowel displacement and compression by massively enlarged infected intraabdominal lymph no ... | 1992 | 1449151 |
| differential susceptibilities of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare to sodium nitrite. | sixty-seven of 72 strains of mycobacterium avium (93.1%) were resistant to sodium nitrite at a concentration of 3 mg/ml in 7h11 agar medium, while 57 of 59 strains of mycobacterium intracellulare (96.6%) were susceptible to the agent. the difference in the susceptibilities of m. avium and m. intracellulare to sodium nitrite is therefore useful for the differentiation of the two species. | 1992 | 1452672 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex in non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected pediatric patients. | | 1992 | 1454440 |
| control of disease progress in mycobacterium avium-infected aids patients. | | 1992 | 1455066 |
| macrophages, mycobacteria and hiv: the role of cytokines in determining mycobacterial virulence and regulating viral replication. | the marriage of two scourges, one old (mycobacterial disease) and one new (hiv), has presented an enormous challenge to the medical and public health communities, and has stirred renewed interest in mechanisms for immune control of mycobacterial infection. virulence of both m. avium and m. tuberculosis appears to be inversely related to the capacity of the microorganisms to induce production of protective cytokines in infected hosts. tnf alpha and ifn gamma are central to this process, and mycob ... | 1992 | 1455067 |
| in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against the mycobacterium avium complex inside macrophages from hiv1-infected individuals: the link to clinical response to treatment? | | 1992 | 1455069 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterial disease of the lungs in singapore. | information on lung disease due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) is lacking in singapore. a review of the records at the central tuberculosis laboratory up to the end of 1988 showed that 23 patients seen between 1976 to 1988 inclusive had cultures which were repeatedly positive for ntm. of the 23 cases analyzed, 15 were found to have lung disease which could be attributed to ntm. there were 9 males and 6 females with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. the patients were either middle aged or el ... | 1992 | 1455269 |
| mycobacterium avium rough-to-smooth colony conversion resulting from growth in tween 80 without presence of type-specific glycopeptidolipid antigens. | growth of a mycobacterium avium complex serotype 20 rough-colony variant in 1.0% tween 80 resulted in a smooth-colony morphological conversion that was reversible upon removal of tween and was not associated with the presence of serotype-specific glycopeptidolipid antigens. electron microscopic examination suggested the role of an outer layer in the tween-related morphological modification. | 1992 | 1459410 |
| systemic dissemination by a newly recognized intestinal microsporidia species in aids. | primarily to determine whether an intestinal microsporidian recently identified in aids patients disseminates from the bowel to infect other organs. | 1992 | 1466846 |
| zidovudine-induced restoration of cell-mediated immunity to mycobacteria in immunodeficient hiv-infected patients. | to describe a localized form of mycobacterium avium intracellulare (mai) infection occurring concurrently with the restoration of cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) responses to mycobacterial antigens after commencement of zidovudine therapy in immunodeficient hiv-infected patients. | 1992 | 1472334 |
| evaluation of new anti-infective drugs for the treatment and prevention of infections caused by the mycobacterium avium complex. infectious diseases society of america and the food and drug administration. | the bacteria of the mycobacterium avium complex are ubiquitous; thus it is often difficult to distinguish environmental contamination from colonization or infection. patients with either pulmonary or disseminated infection may be enrolled in clinical trials. disseminated disease occurs mostly in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. in general, a randomized, active-control, double-blinded clinical trial is preferred; there should at least be a blinded evaluator. with regard to ... | 1992 | 1477245 |
| in vitro, in vivo, and intracellular chemotherapeutic activity of b746, a clofazimine analogue against mycobacterium avium complex. | b746, an analogue of clofazimine, was compared with the parent compound for its activity against mycobacterium avium complex (mac), using several methods. all the studies using simulated in vivo conditions, and those with macrophages from healthy mice or from those treated with these drugs, revealed b746 to be similar to clofazimine. when used alone against experimental mac infections in beige mice, b746 required an optimal dose of 20 mg/kg. at that dose it proved to be inferior to clofazimine, ... | 1992 | 1477384 |
| evaluation of syngene dna-dna probe assays for the identification of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and the mycobacterium avium complex. | two hundred mycobacterial cultures were used to evaluate two alkaline-phosphatase-labeled dna probe (snap) kits developed by syngene (san diego, ca) for identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and m. avium complex. the m. tuberculosis complex snap probe, when compared with standard biochemical identification tests, gave results that were in agreement at 100% sensitivity and 98.7% specificity. ninety-nine m. avium complex strains that were previously tested by the gen-probe m. avium ... | 1992 | 1478047 |
| efficacies of liposome-encapsulated streptomycin and ciprofloxacin against mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex infections in human peripheral blood monocyte/macrophages. | current treatments of disseminated infection caused by the mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex (mac) are generally ineffective. liposome-mediated delivery of antibiotics to mac-infected tissues in vivo can enhance the efficacy of the drugs (n. düzgüneş, v. k. perumal, l. kesavalu, j. a. goldstein, r. j. debs, and p. r. j. gangadharam, antimicrob. agents chemother. 32:1404-1411, 1988; n. düzgüneş, d. a. ashtekar, d. l. flasher, n. ghori, r. j. debs, d. s. friend, and p. r. j. gangadhara ... | 1992 | 1482150 |
| pneumocystis carinii and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of the choroid. | it has been hypothesized that coinfection with mycobacteria occurs in patients with pneumocystis carinii choroiditis, but cases demonstrating ocular infection by both organisms have not been reported. this study reports the case of a patient with p. carinii choroiditis who was treated with intravenous trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, followed by intravenous trimethoprim and dapsone. the choroidal lesions failed to resolve despite 6 weeks of treatment, and the patient died from massive pulmonar ... | 1992 | 1485017 |
| evaluation of the septi-chek afb system in the recovery of mycobacteria. | the performance of the septi-chek afb system (roche) in the isolation of mycobacteria was compared to that of culture on lowenstein-jensen (lj) medium and the bactec radiometric system. the septi-chek afb system detected a significantly higher number of positive specimens (62/66 versus 47/66 for bactec and 39/56 for lj medium) and was more often the only medium in which an isolate was recovered. the average time for detection of isolates was very similar for the septi-chek afb and bactec systems ... | 1992 | 1486886 |
| [in vitro susceptibilities of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare to new macrolides, new quinolones, and antituberculous drugs on dubos agar medium]. | mycobacterium avium and m. intracellulare were isolated from the sputum of patients infected with atypical mycobacteria using 1% ogawa medium and identified by the dna probe test. then the mics of various kinds of drugs against these mycobacterial species were determined on dubos agar medium, and the drug susceptibilities were also determined on 1% ogawa medium in parallel. the drugs tested were new macrolides, such as clarithromycin (cam) and roxithromycin (rxm), new quinolones, such as ofloxac ... | 1992 | 1487866 |
| [mycobacterioses in patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. | | 1992 | 1488438 |
| the in-vitro bactericidal activities of combinations of antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. | the in-vitro activities of five antimicrobial agents (rifabutin, clarithromycin, ethambutol, ciprofloxacin and amikacin), alone and in combination, were evaluated against 21 strains of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare isolated from patients with aids. the combined activities of these agents were studied on solid medium by a full chequerboard method. synergy was demonstrated most frequently (28-71% of isolates) with those combinations that included ethambutol. in killing curve experiments where ... | 1992 | 1493981 |
| comparison of the abilities of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare to infect and multiply in cultured human macrophages from normal and human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. | patients with aids commonly develop disseminated infections with mycobacterium avium (ma) but not its close relative, m. intracellulare (mi). in non-aids patients who have these infections, the two species are about equally distributed. the higher incidence of infection with ma than with mi in aids patients might be due to the selective susceptibility of these patients to ma. this possibility was tested by comparing the abilities of ma and mi to infect and replicate in cultured macrophages from ... | 1992 | 1500179 |
| characterization of a distinct group of slowly growing mycobacteria by biochemical tests and lipid analyses. | a group of slowly growing mycobacterial strains (n = 14) isolated from respiratory tract specimens was collected from 1971 to 1990 on the basis of growth characteristics and uncommon biochemical and glycolipid profiles. growth at 25 to 45 degrees c, a negative tween 80 hydrolysis test, a strong positive reaction in a 14-day arylsulfatase test, and susceptibility to ethambutol in combination with resistance to cycloserine were important for the initial separation. the strains had a distinctive gl ... | 1992 | 1500501 |
| immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg serum antibodies to mycobacterial antigens in crohn's disease patients and their relatives. | sera from patients with crohn's disease, their relatives, their spouses, and unrelated healthy controls were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin g (igg) and iga antibodies to mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. avium, and m. gordonae. the patients had significantly higher iga responses to mycobacterial antigens than did either their relatives or the controls. on the other hand, both the patients and their relatives had significantly higher igg responses against these antig ... | 1992 | 1500507 |
| chronic mycobacterium avium complex infection of the central nervous system in a nonimmunosuppressed woman. | we report the case of a woman who developed chronic meningitis and a brain abscess due to mycobacterium avium, without immunosuppressed state. she was treated with antituberculous drugs but the infection progressed and she died 4 years after first becoming ill. the occurrence of cns infection with m. avium in the absence of acquired immunosuppression is rare. its diagnosis is difficult, delaying clinical recognition and appropriate therapy. | 1992 | 1521552 |
| distinctive western blot antibody patterns induced by infection of mice with individual strains of the mycobacterium avium complex. | systemic infection of mice with organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) induced antibody responses, characteristic for each of the three tested individual strains. the influence of host genetic factors was reflected up to 3 months after infection by the finding of generally oligobanded and multibanded western blot patterns in c57b1/6 and balb/c mice, respectively. nevertheless, more bands developed at 6 months in c57bl/6 mice. the response to three antigens of 18,000, 38,000 and 24,00 ... | 1992 | 1526646 |
| acquired resistance of mai to clarithromycin. | | 1992 | 1533999 |
| comprehensive approach to identification of serovars of mycobacterium avium complex. | serotyping of nontuberculous mycobacteria, especially those of the mycobacterium avium complex, provides important epidemiological information, particularly in tracing origins of infections. seroagglutination with whole cells and polyclonal rabbit antibodies was the original way of identifying serovars and is still commonly used. the discovery of the glycolipid nature of the typing antigens allows differentiation of serovars on the basis of thin-layer chromatography of whole antigens and gas chr ... | 1992 | 1537919 |
| clinical and epidemiological importance of typing of mycobacterium avium complex isolates. | the results of the application of a range of typing procedures to the identification and classification of 6,264 cultures of nontuberculous mycobacteria from human sources and the environment are reported. seroagglutination, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay applied to whole bacteria or the glycolipid typing antigens and based on serovar-specific polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies, thin-layer chromatography of these antigens, and gas chromatography of their specific sugar determinants were u ... | 1992 | 1537920 |
| [relationship between virulence to mice and macrophage chemiluminescence-triggering activity of the mycobacterium avium complex belonging to various serovars]. | macrophage chemiluminescence (m phi cl)-triggering activities of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains belonging to various serovars were examined. when smt colonial variant (smooth, transparent, irregularly shaped) of m. intracellulare n-260 strain was compared with its smd variant (smooth, opaque, dome-shaped) for m phi cl-triggering function and resistance to antimicrobial activity of murine resident peritoneal m phi s, the smt variant showed much lower m phi cl-triggering activity accomp ... | 1992 | 1542203 |
| [effect of natural resistance gene on the immune response against mycobacterium avium complex infection]. | natural resistance gene (bcg) is mapped to chromosome # 1 and known to control the host resistance against mycobacterium avium mino infection in mice. using two sets of bcg-congenic mice, balb/c vs c.d2 and b10.a vs b10.a.bcgr, we determined phenotypic differences in macrophages between bcgs and bcgr. bcg gene product is not detected yet but thought to be expressed in macrophages and should be effective in mycobacteria-killing mechanisms of the host macrophages. it was found that acm.1 expressio ... | 1992 | 1542207 |
| [immunosuppressive macrophages induced in mycobacterium avium complex infection induced in mice]. | profiles of generation and characteristic of splenic macrophages (m phi s), which suppress the cona mitogenic response of splenic t cells, induced in mice during the course of mycobacterium avium complex infections were investigated. in mac-infected mice, reduction of cona mitogenesis of spleen cells (spcs) was seen after week 2 and the reduced state thereafter durated as long as at least for 8 weeks. splenic m phi s with a potent suppressive activity against spc mitogenesis were transiently ind ... | 1992 | 1542208 |
| [effect of cytokines on anti-mycobacterium avium complex (mac) activities of human alveolar macrophages]. | the macrophage is an essential component of the host defense against intracellular pathogens including mac. especially alveolar macrophages act as a first line defense in the lungs against mac infection. some cytokines were reported to activate mouse peritoneal macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages to inhibit growth or kill mac. but we could find only one report describing the effect of cytokines on anti-mac activities of human alveolar macrophages (pam). thus, we investigated the e ... | 1992 | 1542209 |
| [clinico-immunological study of the patients infected with mycobacterium avium complex (mac)]. | lymphocyte functions of the peripheral blood in the patients infected with mac (mac-pts) were evaluated comparatively with age-matched normal controls by using flow cytometry. the results obtained were as follows: 1) in normal controls, the number of total lymphocytes and the proportion and number of t lymphocyte subsets significantly decreased with age. the proportion of natural killer lymphocytes significantly increased in elder controls. 2) in mac-pts, the number of total lymphocytes and t ly ... | 1992 | 1542210 |
| differential release of interleukin (il)-1 alpha, il-1 beta, and il-6 from normal human monocytes stimulated with a virulent and an avirulent isogenic variant of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex. | members of the mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac) can exist in a transparent or opaque colonial morphology when cultured on synthetic medium. an opaque variant was developed from a transparent strain of a clinical mac isolate. comparison of the two variants showed a greater ability of the transparent colonial variant to infect normal human monocytes as measured by growth in monocyte-bacteria cocultures. further analyses indicated diminished ability of the transparent variant to ind ... | 1992 | 1552199 |