| media for identification of gibberella zeae and production of f-2-(zearalenone). | media are described for the isolaton of fusarium graminearum in the perithecial state, gibberella zeae, and for the production of f-2 (zearalenone) by fusarium species. on soil extract-corn meal agar isolated medium, g. zeae produced perithecia in 9 to 14 days under a 12-h photoperiod. species of fusarium were screened for f-2 production on a liquid medium. from strains that produced f-2, the yields, from stationary cultures of g. zeae and f. culmorum after 12 days of incubation, ranged from 22 ... | 1977 | 15512 |
| [fusarium graminearum in silages. zearalenone production (author's transl)]. | zearalenone natural contamination of transverse sections of recently opened silages has been observed. in our in vitro experiments, there is no zearalenone production on corn by fusarium graminearum in anaerobic jar during 3 months. however, on confined atmosphere, zearalenone production is 1.5 to 3 ppm. contamination of silage is not possible if there are anaerobic conditions in silages. | 1979 | 161956 |
| [antibacterial activity of zearalenone]. | zearalenone, a mycotoxin secreted by fusarium sp. and gibberella zeae, shows a narrow range of antibacterial activity limited to some gram-positive aerobic spore-forming bacteria. in bacillus thuringiensis (berliner), a highly sensitive species, this activity is characterized by a decrease of cellular division and induction of atypical cells. these effects resemble those obtained with two other mycotoxins which possess a lactone structure: aflatoxin b1 and patulin. | 1979 | 455155 |
| variation of f-2 toxin production on different substrates. | the f-2 producing capacity of one fusarium graminearum strain (strain no. 13) and of three hyphal tip transverse lines (a b and c) isolated from the original strain and of a mixture of these lines (a b and c) was studied in two successive years on different substrates: oats, barley, wheat, grain mixture and wheat bran. in the first year the original strain produced high amounts of f-2 but was heterogenous in toxin production. the f-2 producing capacity of one of the hyphal tip transverse lines ( ... | 1978 | 568777 |
| survey of 1977 crop year preharvest corn for vomitoxin. | fifty-two preharvest corn samples were collected in mid-october 1977 from 26 farms in a four-county area of northwest ohio. vomitoxin ranging from 0.5 to 10 microgram/g was found in 24 of the samples. analysis for vomitoxin was by gas-liquid chromatography. preceding harvest in northwest ohio, unusual wet conditions prevailed, making it favorable for fusarium growth. gibberella zeae-infected kernels ranged from 2 to 50% of the kernels analyzed for 44 corn samples, and 8 corn samples showed no in ... | 1978 | 736543 |
| emetic and refusal activity of deoxynivalenol to swine. | the minimum emetic dose of deoxynivalenol to swine weighing 9 to 10 kg was 0.05 mg/kg of body weight intraperitoneally and 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg orally. there was no emesis by undosed pigs consuming vomitus from pigs orally dosed with deoxynivalenol or penned with such pigs without access to vomitus. analysis by gas-liquid chromatography of a sample of gibberella zeae-infected corn containing about 25% visually damaged kernels indicated 12 ppm of deoxynivalenol. deoxynivalenol added to feed reduced f ... | 1977 | 931376 |
| growth of broilers and quail fed fusarium (gibberella zeae)-infected corn and zearalenone (f-2). | there were no effects in commercial broilers after the long term ingesting of fusarium-infected corn supplying 1, 10, and 30 p.p.m. zearalenone (f-2) in diets. average gain and feed conversion were similar in all treatment groups. in the first feeding trial the average body weights were higher for males than for females, but the differences were not significant. purified f-2, 30 p.p.m., was fed to broilers and no chronic effects were observed. differences in mean body weights, between dietary tr ... | 1976 | 951378 |
| the regulatory gene nit-2 of neurospora crassa complements a nnu mutant of gibberella zeae (fusarium graminearum). | the nnu mutant of gibberella zeae (=fusarium graminearum) is unable to catabolize many of the nitrogen sources utilized by its wild-type parent, and may have suffered a mutation in the major nitrogen regulatory locus. transformation of this mutant with the major nitrogen regulatory gene from neurospora crassa, nit-2, restored the wild-type phenotype, thus confirming that the nnu mutation is in the major nitrogen regulatory locus of g. zeae. our results are consistent with the premise of conserva ... | 1992 | 1465117 |
| evaluation of filamentous fungi isolated from petals of bean and rapeseed for suppression of white mold. | the influence of filamentous fungi isolated from petals of bean and rapeseed on white mold caused by sclerotinia sclerotiorum was evaluated. in laboratory trials, macerates of agar plugs containing hyphal fragments of the pathogen in combination with individual fungi were applied onto celery petioles, and subsequent lesion diameters were recorded. the efficacy of 10 fungi exhibiting a spectrum of lesion suppression on celery was correlated with the efficacy of the same fungi in growth-room (r = ... | 1992 | 1521186 |
| purification and characterization of a novel antimicrobial peptide from maize (zea mays l.) kernels. | several small, acid-soluble, basic peptides with anti-microbial properties have been isolated from maize (inbred b73) kernels. one of these peptides (mbp-1) has been purified to homogeneity and characterized. the peptide has a molecular weight of 4127.08 as determined by plasma desorption mass spectroscopy, has no free cysteines, and is predominantly alpha-helical as determined by circular dichroism. the primary sequence of the peptide (33 residues) has been determined by edman degradation and s ... | 1992 | 1527010 |
| experimental study of the effects of known quantities of zearalenone on swine reproduction. | experiments were carried out in order to study the effect of known quantities of zearalenone on reproductive performance of gilts. zearalenone was produced on autoclaved corn using pure cultures of fusarium graminearum schwabe (local strain of leskovac). the amount of 22.09 mg/kg of zearalenone in the ration of breeding gilts had an obvious harmful effect on their reproductive performance decreased number of corpora lutea, decreased weight of ovaries, decreased number of live embryos, increased ... | 1992 | 1533420 |
| choline transport in fusarium graminearum a 3/5. | fusarium graminearum a 3/5 possesses a high affinity system (km = 32 +/- 8 microm; mean +/- se) for uptake of choline, which was shown to be energy-dependent and constitutive. the maximum rate of choline uptake by this system was repressed by ammonia and glucose, showing a three-fold increase in maximum activity after nitrogen (2 h) or carbon (4 h) starvation. the system was highly specific for choline with only dimethylethanolamine (ki = 198 +/- 29 microm), betaine aldehyde (ki = 95 +/- 14 micr ... | 1992 | 1624123 |
| hydrolysis of vicine and convicine from fababeans by microbial beta-glucosidase enzymes. | the toxic glycosides vicine and convicine which are present in fababeans have been implicated in favism, an anaemic disease of humans. vicine and convicine concentrations are reduced by growth of lactobacillus plantarum on fababean suspensions. the glycosides are eliminated from the fababean substrate by the growth of the filamentous fungus fusarium graminearum. incubation of fababean suspension with concentrated culture filtrate of aspergillus oryzae, induced for extracellular beta-glucosidase ... | 1992 | 1644702 |
| exogenous camp and cgmp modulate branching in fusarium graminearum. | a study was made of the effects of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (camp), guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cgmp) and choline on the morphology and growth of a wild-type strain (a 3/5) and a highly branched, 'colonial' mutant strain (c106) of fusarium graminearum. addition of up to 50 mm-camp or cgmp to the medium had no effect on the specific growth rate of strain a 3/5. for strain a 3/5, but not for strain c106, exogenous camp caused significant decreases in both mean hyphal extensio ... | 1991 | 1649893 |
| mycoprotein reduces blood lipids in free-living subjects. | mycoprotein is a food produced by continuous fermentation of fusarium graminearum (schwabe). a previous metabolic study showed that mycoprotein decreased total and low-density-lipoprotein (ldl) cholesterol and increased high-density-lipoprotein (hdl) cholesterol. this study was undertaken to determine the effects of mycoprotein under free-living conditions. two groups of subjects with slightly raised cholesterol concentrations participated in the 8-wk study. the experimental group was fed cookie ... | 1992 | 1734679 |
| production of mycotoxins by selected fusarium graminearum and f. crookwellense isolates. | corn cultures (five isolates each of fusarium graminearum group 1 from wheat crowns, group 2 from scabby wheat grains and from ear rot of corn and five isolates of f. crookwellense) were screened for their ability to produce deoxynivalenol (don), nivalenol (niv), fusarenon-x (fus-x) and zearalenone (zea). nine of the ten f. graminearum isolates from wheat produced don (5-165 micrograms g-1) but none produced either niv or fus-x. conversely, 3/5 and 2/5 of the f. graminearum isolates from corn pr ... | 1991 | 1826664 |
| isolation and characterization of zearalenone sulfate produced by fusarium spp. | a water-soluble compound related to zearalenone was isolated from a culture of fusarium graminearum 30 grown in rice. the structure of the novel metabolite was determined to be zearalenone-4-sulfate on the basis of fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, uv spectroscopy, and by chemical and enzymatic reactions. strains representing fusarium equiseti, fusarium sambucinum, and fusarium roseum produced the sulfate conjugate as well. in the rat uterus enlargement ... | 1991 | 1827972 |
| influence of temperature on zearalenone production by regional strains of fusarium graminearum and fusarium oxysporum in culture. | zearalenone production by fusarium graminearum and fusarium oxysporum was studied under two temperature conditions. incubation at 25 degrees c for 4 weeks enhanced zearalenone synthesis, improving detection of zearalenone-producing strains of fusarium oxysporum. zearalenone production was either totally or partially inhibited when temperature was lowered to 12-14 degrees c during the last 2 weeks of incubation. | 1991 | 1832924 |
| mechanism by which ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium sulfate inhibit mycotoxigenic fungi. | in this study we examined the mechanism by which ammonium bicarbonate inhibits mycotoxigenic fungi. elevated extracellular ph, alone, was not responsible for the antifungal activity. although conidia of penicillium griseofulvum and fusarium graminearum had internal ph (phi) values as high as 8.0 in buffer at an external ph (pho) of 9.5, their viability was not markedly affected. the phi values from conidia equilibrated in glycine-naoh-buffered treatments without ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium ... | 1990 | 2082821 |
| [relation between the production of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone and the mycelial growth of fusarium graminearum on solid natural substrates]. | a toxicogenic strain of fusarium graminearum which produces don and zea was cultivated on natural solid substrates (wheat, polished rice and hulled rice) under different environmental conditions. the production of both toxins and mycelium growth (in terms of glucosamine) were evaluated to establish the relation between the production of don and zea and the different mycelium growth on the substrates mentioned above. polished rice was the substrate on which most production of both toxins was obta ... | 1990 | 2151302 |
| effect of mycoprotein on blood lipids. | this metabolic study was designed to investigate the effects of mycoprotein on blood lipids. mycoprotein is a food produced by continuous fermentation of fusarium graminearum (schwabe) on a carbohydrate substrate. two groups of subjects with slightly raised cholesterol concentrations took part in the 3-wk study. the experimental group was fed mycoprotein in place of meat and the control diet contained meat. there was no change in plasma cholesterol in the control group but there was a 13% reduct ... | 1990 | 2169701 |
| mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi on cereal grains in western canada. | toxins occasionally present on cereal grains in the field in western canada include ergot alkaloids produced by claviceps purpurea and trichothecenes produced by fusarium species, particularly fusarium sporotrichiodes and fusarium graminearum. ht-2 toxin, t-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, and deoxynivalenol are the main trichothecenes encountered. during storage of cereals, the predominant toxins and toxigenic fungi are ochratoxin a and citrinin produced by penicillium aurantiogriseum, p. chrysogen ... | 1990 | 2200591 |
| [the mitogenic properties of fusarium graminearum and rhodococcus erythropolis enzymes]. | blast transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in healthy people is studied by enzymes of the microbic origin possessing the lectin activity. galactose oxidase of fusarium graminearum imv-f-1060 is shown to be mitogenically active with respect to the lymphocytes in the culture in vitro and may be one of home sources of lymphocytic mitogens for the laboratory investigations. | 1990 | 2215288 |
| occurrence of gibberella zeae strains that produce both nivalenol and deoxynivalenol. | by single ascospore isolation, several sets of asci containing eight ascospores were isolated from perithecia of gibberella zeae. of these sets, seven were investigated for their ability to produce 8-ketotrichothecene mycotoxins on rice grains. analyses were made with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with 63ni electron capture detection. of 56 total isolates, 11 produced nivalenol, 4-acetylnivalenol, and deoxynivalenol, 1 produced nivalenol and deoxynivalenol, 7 produc ... | 1990 | 2285316 |
| mycotoxins in cereal grain. part 13. deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol in wheat kernels and chaff with head fusariosis symptoms. | in the period of harvest at 1987 field samples of wheat heads with fusariosis symptoms were collected in 18 provinces of poland. subsamples of heads infected with fusarium culmorum (w.g.sm) sacc. and fusarium graminearum schwabe were analyzed for fusarium metabolites. in fractions of kernels with visible fusarium-damage deoxynivalenol (don) was present in average amount of 18.7 mg/kg (range 9.6-25.3 mg/kg) and 3-acetyl don 1.9 mg/kg. fractions of kernels without symptoms of visible fusarium-dama ... | 1990 | 2388686 |
| influence of zearalenone on some metabolic pathways of the rat liver. | zearalenone, a natural product isolated from fusarium graminearum, has anabolic properties and affects glycogen catabolism in the rat liver. in the isolated perfused liver, l-lactate production, glucose release from endogenous glycogen and oxygen uptake are increased upon infusion of the compound. fructose metabolism is only slightly affected by zearalenone, except for the transformation of fructose into glucose which is decreased. the action of zearalenone seems to be related to the amount of d ... | 1989 | 2529942 |
| effect of gamma-irradiation on f-2 and t-2 toxin production in corn and rice. | fusarium graminearum and f. tricinctum were grown on moistened corn and rice. after inoculation the substrates were exposed to gamma-irradiation and growth rate together with mycotoxin production were measured. a delay in mycelium growth and an increase in f-2 and t-2 toxin production occurred after irradiation with 1 and 3 kgy. the maximum f-2 production was 10.7 mg/kg on rice at 3 kgy, whereas t-2 was 735 micrograms/kg on rice at 3 kgy. at 9 kgy neither growth nor toxin production could be det ... | 1989 | 2530143 |
| effect of choline on the morphology, growth and phospholipid composition of fusarium graminearum. | studies were made of the growth kinetics, morphology and phospholipid composition of two strains of fusarium graminearum, a wild-type strain (a3/5) and a highly branched variant (c106) which arose spontaneously during cultivation of a3/5. no significant difference was observed between the hyphal diameters of the two strains and therefore increased branching of c106 could not be explained in the terms of an increase in hyphal radius in the absence of a change in hyphal growth unit volume. the two ... | 1989 | 2634081 |
| mycological survey of korean cereals and production of mycotoxins by fusarium isolates. | the fungal species isolated from korean cereals (barley, polished barley, wheat, rye, and malt) were alternaria spp., aspergillus spp., chaetomium spp., drechslera spp., epicoccum sp., fusarium spp., and penicillium spp., etc. the number of fusarium strains isolated was 36, and their ability to produce fusarium mycotoxins on rice was tested. nivalenol (niv) was produced by fusarium graminearum (7 of 9 isolates), fusarium oxysporum (3 of 10 isolates), and fusarium spp. (7 of 15 isolates). of 15 i ... | 1986 | 2947538 |
| production of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone by isolates of fusarium graminearum schw. | the production of deoxynivalenol (doni) on rice, corn, wheat, and barley grains by fusarium graminearum schw. nrrl 5883 was investigated. highest yields (91.9-202 ppm) were obtained on rice; yields on the other substrates were: corn (34.1-84.5 ppm), wheat (3.6-24.4 ppm), and barley (0-6.6 ppm). fifty isolates of fusarium from corn inoculated in the field in 1979 with a mixture of strains of f. graminearum, originally collected from corn plants infected with stalk rot, were tested for doni produc ... | 1986 | 2951515 |
| suppression of immune response in the b6c3f1 mouse after dietary exposure to the fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) and zearalenone. | the effect that dietary exposure to the naturally-occurring fusarium graminearum toxins deoxynivalenol (don) and zearalenone (zea) may have on immune function was assessed in the b6c3f1 mouse. dietary don depressed the plaque-forming response to sheep red blood cells, the delayed hypersensitivity response to keyhole limpet haemocyanin and the ability to resist listeria monocytogenes. listerial resistance was similarly decreased in control mice fed restricted diets comparable to the dietary restr ... | 1987 | 2953660 |
| determination of ergosterol as a measure of fungal growth using si 60 hplc. | in order to determine to fungal growth of fusarium graminearum 480, a method was developed for the extraction and estimation of ergosterol, a sterol specific for fungi. this method includes the direct saponification of bound ergosterol to fungal mycelia followed by n-hexane extraction and quantification using. high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with uv-detection. this procedure proved to be superior compared with other methods, since the yield of ergosterol yields was higher (up to 40 ... | 1988 | 2973698 |
| influence of water activity and temperature on the accumulation of zearalenone in corn. | the influence of water activity (aw) and temperature on the zearalenone biosynthesis in corn has been examined. viable corn kernels were conditioned at different values of water activity (0.90, 0.95 and 0.97), inoculated with fusarium graminearum and incubated at different temperatures. zearalenone was determined at selected times. for the strain used, a constant temperature of 25 degrees c resulted more favorable than 15 degrees c, 20 degrees c and the combination of two weeks at 25 degrees c f ... | 1988 | 2978950 |
| 13c nmr study of the biosynthesis of toxins by fusarium graminearum. | 13c nmr spectroscopic investigations on the biosynthesis of mycotoxins produced by fusarium graminearum (m69) were carried out through the incorporation of [1-13c]- and [2-13c]acetate precursors. the major secondary metabolites produced by this species in still culture were deoxynivalenol (3,7,15-trihydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-one), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and butenolide. [1-13c]- and [2-13c]acetate were incorporated in alternate carbon atoms in zearalenone, consistent with ... | 1985 | 3156854 |
| rejection by pigs of mouldy grain containing deoxynivalenol. | weaner pigs on a farm near beaudesert in south eastern queensland refused to eat feed comprised largely of wheat and barley. older pigs consumed small amounts and some prepubertal gilts subsequently displayed enlarged and reddened vulvas. wheat, barley and triticale were grown on the farm during 1983, which was unusually and persistently wet. the wheat and triticale were harvested and stored for about 3 weeks with moisture contents above 14% before being fed. samples of the wheat and triticale c ... | 1985 | 3158298 |
| isolation and characterization of trichothecin from corn cultures of fusarium graminearum mrc 1125. | trichothecin was isolated and purified from corn cultures of a toxic strain of fusarium graminearum. this strain, designated mrc 1125, was obtained from corn in southern africa. the brine shrimp toxicity assay was used throughout the isolation procedure to monitor the toxicity of the fractions. the compound was characterized by detailed 1h (500-mhz) and 13c (125-mhz) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. this is the first report of the production of trichothecin by a fus ... | 1988 | 3415233 |
| production of mycotoxins by fusarium species isolated in germany. 2. time course of deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol formation by fusarium graminearum in different liquid media. | several semisynthetic liquid media were examined for the large-scale production of deoxynivalenol (don) und 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (acdon) by fusarium graminearum 183. only in three of the eight media used could high toxin yields of don and acdon be detected. the maximum levels of don in a medium according to miller were 3 mg/l and of acdon 32 mg/l. in glucose-yeast extract-peptone (gyep) medium containing 1% glucose, the acdon concentrations reached 33 mg/l and the don yields were 19 mg/l. in a ... | 1987 | 3439351 |
| impact of high dietary vomitoxin on yolk yield and embryonic mortality. | single comb white leghorn hens at 58 weeks of age were given control (c) and vomitoxin (v)-contaminated feed for 4 weeks; then the v treatment was changed to c for 2 subsequent weeks. fusarium graminearum-infected corn was substituted for sound corn to attain a practical extreme of 38 ppm v. hen-day production, feed consumption, body weight, and gross pathology were the same between treatments. egg weight, internal quality, and shell strength were not adversely affected; however, dietary v led t ... | 1987 | 3658889 |
| feeding grain contaminated with fusarium graminearum and fusarium moniliforme to pigs and chickens. | | 1987 | 3675418 |
| decreased feed consumption and body-weight gain in the b6c3f1 mouse after dietary exposure to 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol. | 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-adon), a biosynthetic precursor of deoxynivalenol (don), was extracted from rice cultures of fusarium graminearum r6576 and purified. growing female b6c3f1 mice were fed semi-purified diets containing 0, 0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 ppm 15-adon over 56 days and assessed for effects on feed intake, body-weight gain, terminal organ weights and blood clotting function. a significant reduction in feed intake was observed at the 5.0-ppm level after 44 days, whereas reduced rates of we ... | 1986 | 3804133 |
| deoxynivalenol and 15-monoacetyl deoxynivalenol production by fusarium graminearum r6576 in liquid media. | growth and toxigenesis by fusarium graminearum r6576, were compared in four liquid media. parameters monitored during the fermentation were deoxynivalenol (don) and 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (15-adon) production, fungal mass, carbohydrate utilization, and ph. factors which were varied included basal medium composition, corn steep liquor (csl) concentration, sucrose concentration and ammonium tartrate concentration. growth in modified fries medium resulted in only low levels of don (0.25 mg/l) and ... | 1985 | 3840229 |
| deoxynivalenol-contaminated wheat in swine diets. | two studies were conducted using fusarium graminearum-infected (scabby) wheat containing 6.8 ppm deoxynivalenol (don), commonly called vomitoxin, substituted for normal wheat in starter pig diets to give varying levels of don. after 3 wk on experimental treatments, one-half of the pigs in trial one were sacrificed to evaluate the effects of don on heart, kidney, spleen and liver. analyses for don residues in these tissues were also performed. the remaining 16 pigs were placed on a conventional d ... | 1985 | 3972745 |
| ingestion of vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol)-contaminated wheat by nonlactating dairy cows. | our objective was to determine if there were serious deleterious effects of wheat naturally contaminated with vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) on nonlactating dairy cows. comparisons were between two quebec spring wheat sources contaminated with fusarium graminearum in a feeding trial involving 10 nonlactating holstein dairy cattle offered good quality hay for ad libitum intake supplemented with wheat-oats concentrate (1 kg concentrate/100 kg body weight). initially, for 3 wk all cows were fed hay plu ... | 1985 | 3998233 |
| assessment of extraction procedures in the analysis of naturally contaminated grain products for deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin). | a comparison of 2 extraction solvent systems (acetonitrile-water, 21 + 4 and methanol-water, 1 + 1) and 3 mixing apparatus (high-speed blender, wrist-action shaker, and mechanical stirrer) was carried out for different extraction time periods. methods were evaluated using uncontaminated corn spiked with pure deoxynivalenol (don), field-inoculated (fusarium graminearum) corn, and uncontaminated and naturally infected wheat in swine diets. after sample extraction, aliquots were passed through alum ... | 1985 | 4030633 |
| effect of cleaning, milling, and baking on deoxynivalenol in wheat. | samples of wheat naturally infected by fusarium graminearum schwabe were obtained from mills in oklahoma, missouri, kansas, and minnesota and fields in nebraska and kansas in 1982; they were analyzed for deoxynivalenol (don). the wheat was milled, and don was found throughout all the milling fractions (bran, shorts, reduction flour, and break flour). the don recoveries for each mill run ranged from 90 to 98%. these samples, regardless of don concentration, also gave similar fractional distributi ... | 1985 | 4051489 |
| production of the mycotoxin, zearalenone, by fusarium graminearum growing on stored grain. i. grain storage at reduced temperatures. | | 1974 | 4427436 |
| production of the mycotoxin, zearalenone, by fusarium graminearum growing on stored grain. ii. treatment of wheat grain with organic acids. | | 1974 | 4427437 |
| estrogenic activity of fusarium graminearum on rats in experimental conditions. | | 1972 | 4666547 |
| [effect of carbon compounds on the formation of proteolytic enzymes by fusarium graminearum and alternaria sp]. | | 1972 | 4674656 |
| regulation of sexual reproduction in gibberella zeae (fusarium roxeum "graminearum") by f-2 (zearalenone). | | 1973 | 4712507 |
| [effect of fusarium graminearum on the fertility of ganders]. | | 1973 | 4726621 |
| [formation of proteolytic enzymes by fusarium graminearum and alternaria sp. fungi in relation to nitrogen sources in the medium]. | | 1973 | 4797720 |
| [estrogenic metabolites of a strain of gibberella zeae (fusarium graminearum) cultivated on various substrates]. | | 1973 | 4798066 |
| biosynthesis of rubrofusarin by fusarium graminearum. | | 1969 | 5353286 |
| ph, nutrients and macrospore germination in gibberella zeae. | | 1971 | 5563951 |
| chemically defined medium for the production of fusarium graminearum. | | 1968 | 5652142 |
| estrogenic metabolite produced by fusarium graminearum in stored corn. | a derivative of resorcinylic acid, produced by the fungus fusarium graminearum, has been found to be responsible for the estrogenic signs in swine and laboratory rats. an estrogenic response in rats can be incited by injecting intramuscularly as little as 20 mug of the estrogen (f-2). stimulation in growth of rats was noted at the lower concentrations (20 to 40 mug) of a series. up to 3,500 ppm of the estrogen was produced on a solid corn medium. the compound is relatively stable to heat and ult ... | 1967 | 6068123 |
| [various properties of galactose oxidase from fusarium graminearum imv-f-1060 immobilized on aminoorganosilochromes]. | galactose oxidase preparations are obtained from fusarium graminearum imv-f-n 1060 immobilized on aminoorganosilochromes activated by cyanuron chloride and 2.4-toluylene diizocyanate. the immobilized preparations were studied for their selective action on different carbohydrate substrates and for the ph-medium dependence of the obtained preparation activity. potassium ferricyanide is established to have an activating effect on the immobilized enzyme. it is shown that the immobilized galactose ox ... | 1984 | 6093302 |
| the effect of grain preservatives on the growth of the fungus fusarium graminearum and on the quantity of zearalenone. | | 1981 | 6211963 |
| high tolerance of broilers to vomitoxin from corn infected with fusarium graminearum. | corn purposely infected with fusarium graminearum was found to contain 800 to 900 mg vomitoxin/kg. contaminated corn was substituted for control corn at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24% in a corn-soybean meal ration. broiler cockerels were given each experimental diet from 6 to 11 days of age; then sample groups were necropsied. remaining birds were subsequently offered commercial starter for 2 days and sample groups again necropsied. growth and diet consumption were not significantly reduced until contami ... | 1982 | 6215643 |
| [identification of the mycotoxin zearalenone in argentina]. | zearalenone, an estrogenic toxin produced by several fusarium sp., was detected by two chromatographic methods in grain and food samples from several farms of th buenos aires province. suspected zearalenone spots were identified by comparing their rf against that of the pure substance, by their change of behaviour under ultraviolet light of different wavelengths, by comparing the rf against a standard preparation after thin layer chromatography in four different solvent systems, and by color rea ... | 1980 | 6216499 |
| the effects of "gasol" grain preservative dosages on the growth of fusarium graminearum and the quantity of the toxin zearalenone. | in earlier experiments regarding the effects of preservative "gasol" (containing various acids and additional compounds and intended for whole grain preservations) in recommended dosages, prevents the growth of fusarium graminearum and reduces the amount of zearalenone when added to milled grain. it was proved in the tests carried out that the smaller dosages of "gasol" were sufficient for the prevention of growth of the fungus and reduction in quantity of zearalenone. the degree to which the to ... | 1982 | 6217444 |
| deoxynivalenol, acetyl deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone formation by canadian isolates of fusarium graminearum on solid substrates. | three isolates of fusarium graminearum (daom 180377, 180378, and 180379) were screened for their ability to produce mycotoxins on the solid substrates corn and rice. they all produced deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on corn. on rice, only daom 180378 and 180379 produced significant amounts of these mycotoxins, with levels of deoxynivalenol being much higher than those of zearalenone. the effects of the initial moisture content before autoclaving, incubation temperature, and time were studied with ... | 1983 | 6227284 |
| chemotaxonomy of gibberella zeae with special reference to production of trichothecenes and zearalenone. | by adopting a single-spore isolation technique, 113 isolates of gibberella zeae, the perfect stage of fusarium graminearum, were isolated from rice stubbles in barley and wheat fields and tested for production of trichothecenes and zearalenone on rice grains. of the isolates, 93% produced the trichothecenes, and they could be subdivided into two chemotaxonomic groups: nivalenol and fusarenon-x producers and deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol producers. no cross production of these two typ ... | 1983 | 6229218 |
| survey of vomitoxin-contaminated feed grains in midwestern united states, and associated health problems in swine. | during the 1981 corn harvest season in illinois and surrounding states, cold wet weather enhanced the growth of fusarium graminearum, with resulting contamination by vomitoxin and, to a lesser extent, zearalenone. of 342 feed samples analyzed, 274 contained vomitoxin at a concentration ranging from 0.1 to 41.6 ppm (mean, 3.1 ppm) and 40 samples contained zearalenone at a concentration ranging from 0.1 to 8 ppm (mean, 0.66 ppm). animal health problems and reduced growth performance were observed ... | 1984 | 6230342 |
| [characteristics of purified preparations of the galactose oxidase of fusarium graminearum imv-f no. 1060]. | | 1983 | 6400788 |
| lack of mutagenicity of some phytoestrogens in the salmonella/mammalian microsome assay. | 8 phytoestrogens were tested for mutagenicity using a variation of the salmonella/mammalian microsome (or ames) assay. zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced by a grain contaminant, fusarium graminearum (gibberella zeae) and the isomers of zearalanol are reduced derivatives of this compound. the remaining compounds are all flavonoids which occur naturally at relatively high concentrations in many plants, particularly legumes. 4 of these flavonoids (daidzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin-a) ... | 1980 | 6449666 |
| laboratory screening for zearalenone formation in corn hybrids and inbreds. | grains from 14 corn inbreds and 4 single cross hybrids were inoculated with 3 isolates of gibberella zeae to determine their inhibition of zearalenone production. the corn hybrids: pa762 x a632 (50 mg/kg zearalenone production), a619 x a632 (17 mg/kg zearalenone production), h95 x mo17 (132 mg/kg zearalenone production), and b73 x mo17 (33 mg/kg zearalenone production) appear to have less resistance than the inbreds to toxin formation. inbred h95 (64 mg/kg zearalenone production) supported the h ... | 1980 | 6450196 |
| field outbreaks of hyperoestrogenism (vulvo-vaginitis) in pigs consuming maize infected by fusarium graminearum and contaminated with zearalenone. | during the spring and summer of 1979 field outbreaks of porcine hyperoestrogenism characterized by swelling and reddening of the vulva and teats in prepubertal gilts and enlargement of the mammae in young males occurred in the mistbelt of the natal midlands. on a farm in the ixopo district, pigs were fed a mixed ratio containing home-grown yellow maize stored on the cob in a crib and all the young pigs with a mass of 25-85 kg (=a total of 350) were affected. maize ears from the crib had a high p ... | 1980 | 6455520 |
| decomposition of the fusarium graminearum toxin zearalenone in storage conditions. | the studies illustrate the effects of preservatives - "luprosil" (propionic acid) and "gasol" (contains organic acids and some additional compounds) on the growth of fusarium graminearum and the quality of zearalenone in contaminated grain. the laboratory conditions resembled, concerning the supply of oxygen, the circumstances in the surface layers of preserved grain mass. the mycelium growth of the fungus fusarium graminearum was visually observed. three successions of studies of grain cultures ... | 1981 | 6460219 |
| simple method for isolation of 4-deoxynivalenol from rice inoculated with fusarium graminearum. | a new method for preparative isolation of 4-deoxynivalenol (don) is presented. this method avoids the loss of material during purification on silica gel by column chromatography. don and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol in crude extracts of rice inoculated with fusarium graminearum were converted to triacetyldeoxynivalenol; the acetylated product was easier to purify by silica gel chromatography than don is. after hydrolysis and further purification on a charcoal-alumina column, the 71% pure don was recov ... | 1984 | 6508304 |
| [properties of fusarium graminearum galactose oxidase]. | the kinetics and action mechanism of the galactose oxidase from fusarium graminearum were studied. ph-optimum of the enzyme activity and stability was 7.0, the activity and stability of the galactose oxidase being decreased at any other values of ph. the enzyme is destabilized at acidic ph that is connected with protonization of its ionogenic group with pk 4.7. the temperature optimum of the galactose oxidase is 35 degrees c. when studying the enzyme thermoinactivation, it was found that at temp ... | 1983 | 6647421 |
| preparation of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) from field-inoculated corn. | a process was developed for production of gram quantities of deoxynivalenol (don) from corn that had been inoculated in the field with fusarium graminearum and was estimated to contain 400-500 mg don/kg. steps in the purification procedure included extraction with methanol-water (1 + 1), partition from an aqueous solution into ethyl acetate by using a hydrophilic matrix, defatting, florisil column chromatography, methylene chloride-water partition, semipreparative liquid chromatography (lc), and ... | 1984 | 6698925 |
| fungal contamination and mycotoxin-producing potential of dried beans. | a total of 604 samples of about 7 different types of beans was examined to determine their mycological profiles, and suitability for use as solid substrates for mycotoxin production. all of the samples were collected from bean jam makers in tokyo by the official food examiners. genera penicillium and aspergillus were predominant, and genus wallemia was also found commonly in all types of beans. mycotoxin-producing aspergillus strains were isolated from 52 samples of beans, approximately 9% of th ... | 1981 | 6783913 |
| [affinity chromatography of galactose oxidase of fusarium graminearum imv-f 1060 on sepharose 6b]. | | 1983 | 6865809 |
| distribution of vomitoxin in dry milled fractions of wheat infected with gibberella zeae. | | 1983 | 6886223 |
| production of vomitoxin on corn by fusarium graminearum nrrl 5883 and fusarium roseum nrrl 6101. | two vomitoxin-producing isolates of fusarium spp. were grown on cracked corn for 1 to 8 weeks at 15, 20, 25, 28, and 32 degrees c. maximum production of vomitoxin by fusarium graminearum schw. nrrl 5883 occurred at 30 degrees c and 40 days, and that by fusarium roseum schw. nrrl 6101 occurred at 26 degrees c and 41 days. these optimum production points were determined from response surface contour graphs in relation to temperature and time. only small amounts of vomitoxin were produced at 15 and ... | 1982 | 7081990 |
| photochemical interaction of dictamnine, a furoquinoline alkaloid, with fungal dna. | the furoquinoline alkaloid dictamnine has been shown to provoke lethal damage to filamentous fungi in near ultraviolet light. the phototoxicity was more pronounced against mucor hiemalis and mucor ramannianus than against fusarium graminearum and penicillium italicum. in vitro, labeled dictamnine was shown to form covalent monoadducts with purified dna from m. hiemalis in the presence of long-wave ultraviolet light. addition of [3h]dictamnine to cultures of the same organism showed photobinding ... | 1982 | 7104872 |
| comparison of extracts of "fusarium graminearum" as antigens and three immunization procedures for the production of anti-fusaria sera. | | 1982 | 7171244 |
| microbial acetyl conjugation of t-2 toxin and its derivatives. | the acetyl conjugation of t-2 toxin and its derivatives, the 12,13-epoxytrichothecene mycotoxins, was studied by using mycelia of trichothecene-producing strains of fusarium graminearum, f. nivale, calonectria nivalis, and f. sporotrichoides, t-2 toxin was efficiently converted into acetyl t-2 toxin by all strains except a t-2 toxin-producing strain of f. sporotrichoides, which hydrolyzed the substrate to ht-2-toxin and neosolaniol. ht-2 toxin was conjugated to 3-acetyl ht-2 toxin as an only pro ... | 1980 | 7396487 |
| sexual maturation of boars and growth of swine exposed to extended photoperiod during decreasing natural photoperiod. | littermate pairs of crossbred boars, barrows and gilts were used to study the effects of an artificially extended photoperiod during decreasing daylength on puberty in boars and on weight gain and feed efficiency. libido scores of the boars exposed to the extended photoperiod were higher (p < .01) than those of controls at 24 and 26 weeks of age. at 26 weeks of age, semen had been collected from 74% of the boars on supplemental light but from only 26% of the controls. lighting treatment did not ... | 1980 | 7440451 |
| melting fine structure of filamentous fungus nuclear dna. | melting fine structure of the nuclear dna isolated from the filamentous fungus fusarium graminearum schwabe is presented. optical melting profiles of nuclear dna were analyzed by using a combination of curve fitting and derivative techniques. the "melting components" were obtained from the derivative curve by a simple decomposition technique. differential optical melting curves of unsheared nuclear dna indicate the presence of 15 "melting components" in filamentous fungus nuclear genome. it shou ... | 1980 | 7443512 |
| choline- and acetylcholine-induced changes in the morphology of fusarium graminearum: evidence for the involvement of the choline transport system and acetylcholinesterase. | the response of fusarium graminearum to choline, acetylcholine and a number of related analogues was investigated and their ability to induce a morphological response quantified. a number of mutants resistant to the alkylating agent nitrogen mustard (nim strains) were generated and found to have lost the ability to transport choline. these mutants were found to be insensitive to choline and acetylcholine but not to betaine, ethanolamine and other analogues. in addition, the non-competitive inhib ... | 1995 | 7670634 |
| production of trichothecene mycotoxins by fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum on barley and wheat. | wheat cultivars (stoa, mn87150, sumai-3, ymi-6, wheaton) and barley cultivars (robust, excel, chevron, m69) were inoculated in the field with isolates of fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum. the disease (fusarium head blight) kernels were analyzed for deoxynivalenol (don), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-adon) and nivalenol (niv). f. culmorum produced all three trichothecenes on all cultivars tested whereas f. graminearum only produced don and 15-adon. there was no well defined correlation between ... | 1994 | 7708088 |
| production of hormones by fungi. | twenty species of filamentous fungi were tested for their gibberellin and sterol production, with emphasis on the action of some factors on these products. while all cultures produced both gibberellin and sterol in variable amounts, aspergillus flavus, a. niger, a. ochraceus, cladosporium cladosporioides, gibberella zeae, penicillium funiculosum, p. italicum and p. rubrum were the best producers. the isolates of a. niger isolated from soil and p. italicum isolated from citrus fruit were selected ... | 1994 | 7740983 |
| use of a series of chemostat cultures to isolate 'improved' variants of the quorn mycoprotein fungus, fusarium graminearum a3/5. | variants (designated a23-s and a24-s) of the quorn myco-protein fungus, fusarium graminearum a3/5 were isolated from a series of glucose-limited cultures grown at a dilution rate of 0.18 h-1 for a combined total of 109 d. these variants had unchanged mycelial morphologies but, when grown in mixed culture with the parental strain (a3/5) in glucose-limited chemostat culture at 0.18 h-1, a23-s and a24-s had selection coefficients of 0.013 and 0.017 h-1, respectively, and supplanted a3/5. when a mon ... | 1994 | 7812441 |
| evolution of fusarium graminearum a3/5 grown in a glucose-limited chemostat culture at a slow dilution rate. | the evolution of fusarium graminearum a3/5 grown in a glucose-limited chemostat at a dilution rate of 0.05 h-1 (doubling time of 13.9 h) was followed for 957 h or 69 generations. periodic selection of advantageous mutants was monitored in the culture by determining increases and decreases in the concentration of cycloheximide-resistant macroconidia in the population. six peaks in the concentration of cycloheximide-resistant macroconidia were observed representing five adaptive changes in the pop ... | 1994 | 7812442 |
| mycoprotein reduces glycemia and insulinemia when taken with an oral-glucose-tolerance test. | this study investigated the effects of mycoprotein, a food produced by the continuous fermentation of fusarium graminearum (schwabe), on acute glycemia and insulinemia in normal healthy individuals. subjects participated in two single-meal study periods in a crossover design. after an overnight fast, subjects were given milkshakes containing mycoprotein or a control substance, which were isoenergetic and nutrient balanced. each milkshake contained 75 g carbohydrate, equivalent to a standard worl ... | 1995 | 7825525 |
| mapping quantitative trait loci (qtls) for resistance to gibberella zeae infection in maize. | the basic prerequisite for an efficient breeding program to improve levels of resistance to pathogens in plants is the identification of genes controlling the resistance character. if the response to pathogens is under the control of a multilocus system, the utilization of molecular markers becomes essential. stalk and ear rot caused by gibberella zeae is a widespread disease of corn: resistance to g. zeae is quantitatively inherited. our experimental approach to understanding the genetic basis ... | 1993 | 7901750 |
| restriction enzyme fragment patterns of mtdna from a galactose oxidase-producing mold. | 1. mitochondrial dnas from dactylium dendroides, hypomyces rosellus, fusarium graminearum, gibberella fujikuroi, fusarium tricinctum strains and a galactose oxidase (gao)-producing mold (original strain) presented distinctive restriction enzyme fragment patterns with the endonucleases hind iii and ecori. 2. a small number of comigrating bands was found when the gao-producing mold was compared with the others. the molecular size of mtdna from the gao-producing mold, as judged by summation of frag ... | 1993 | 7906173 |
| the 1994 marjory stephenson prize lecture. evolution of the quorn myco-protein fungus, fusarium graminearum a3/5. | | 1994 | 7952168 |
| fungicide inhibition of aflatoxins, diacetoxyscirpenol and zearalenone production. | the effect of fungicides on the production of aflatoxin by aspergillus flavus imi 89717, diacetoxyscirpenol and zearalenone by fusarium graminearum was studied. in a yeast extract-sucrose medium, dicloran, iprodione and vinclozolin fungicides significantly inhibited mycelial growth of a. flavus at 250 ppm and significantly decreased aflatoxin production at 100, 250 and 500 ppm, respectively. in potato-dextrose broth, these fungicides diminished the mycelial growth of f. graminearum and productio ... | 1993 | 8112694 |
| acute effects of mycoprotein on subsequent energy intake and appetite variables. | the effect of mycoprotein, a food produced by continuous fermentation of fusarium graminearum (schwabe), on energy intake and appetite was investigated. female subjects, all classified as nonrestrained eaters, participated in two 3-d study periods. subjects weighed food consumed on the day before the study, on the day of the meal, and on the following day. subjects were presented with an isoenergetic meal containing either mycoprotein or chicken and visual analogue scales were completed immediat ... | 1993 | 8257542 |
| periodic selection in longterm continuous-flow cultures of the filamentous fungus fusarium graminearum. | by monitoring increases and decreases in the proportion of cycloheximide-resistant macroconidia, periodic selection was observed in populations of the filamentous fungus fusarium graminearum, grown in glucose-limited chemostat cultures. the results indicated that periodic selection of advantageous mutants of f. graminearum occurred at intervals of about 124 h at both high (d = 0.19 h-1, approximately 34 generations) and low (d = 0.06 h-1, approximately 11 generations) dilution rates. several 'ad ... | 1993 | 8277261 |
| choline: its role in the growth of filamentous fungi and the regulation of mycelial morphology. | choline is an essential metabolite for the growth of filamentous fungi. it occurs most notably as a component of the major membrane phospholipid, phosphatidyl choline (lecithin), and fulfills a major role in sulphate metabolism in the form of choline-o-sulphate in many species. choline is usually synthesised endogenously, but exogenous choline can also be taken up, either to compensate for metabolic deficiencies in choline-requiring mutants such as those of aspergillus nidulans and neurospora cr ... | 1993 | 8318261 |
| investigation of possible adverse allergic reactions to mycoprotein ('quorn'). | mycoprotein ('quorn') is a food produced for human consumption from fusarium graminearum. crossreactivity studies showed that mycoprotein shared multiple common allergenic determinants with aspergillus fumigatus and cladosporium herbarum and some with alternaria alternata. there is, therefore, a potential for mould allergic patients to react adversely to inhaled or ingested mycoprotein. mycoprotein rast screening of mycoprotein production workers was made during a 2 year period. two of the produ ... | 1993 | 8319120 |
| inhibition of phosphatidylcholine and chitin biosynthesis in pyricularia oryzae, botrytis fabae and fusarium graminearum by edifenphos. | colony growth of the fungi pyricularia oryzae, botrytis fabae and fusarium graminearum was reduced by 50% (ed50) by edifenphos concentrations of 7, 25 and 190 microm respectively; the phosphatidylcholine (pc) content of biomass of p. oryzae, b. fabae, and f. graminearum harvested from fungicide-containing-cultures was reduced by 50% by 6, 95 and 350 microm-edifenphos respectively. by contrast, the activities of membrane-bound chitin synthase preparations isolated from the three fungi were approx ... | 1993 | 8360628 |
| multiple isomers of phosphatidyl inositol monophosphate and inositol bis- and trisphosphates from filamentous fungi. | the range of inositol phosphates and inositol phospholipids present in three filamentous fungi, neurospora crassa, fusarium graminearum and phanerochaete chrysosporium has been investigated by hplc analysis. the profiles obtained demonstrate that two isomers of phosphatidyl inositol monophosphate are present, and that an apparent complexity in the number of isomers of inositol bis- and trisphosphates is found in filamentous fungi that has not been observed in animal or plant cells. | 1993 | 8394259 |
| toxins derived from fusarium graminearum, f. culmorum and f. crookwellense: zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and fusarenone x. | | 1993 | 8411625 |
| [identification of aurofusarin in fusarium graminearum isolates, causing a syndrome of worsening of egg quality in chickens]. | twenty isolates of fusarium graminearum have been isolated from infested grain. when laying hens were fed with biomass of most isolates, the quality of eggs deteriorated. it was found that all the isolated produced a yellow-orange metabolite with an antibiotic activity against mycelial fungi and yeasts. the metabolite was identified by physico-chemical methods as the dimeric naphthoquinone aurofusarin. the production of the other mycotoxins zearalenone and deoxynivalenol by the fungal isolates d ... | 1993 | 8415517 |