| enzymology of butyrate formation by butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. | butyrivibrio fibrisolvens is a major butyrate-forming species in the bovine and ovine rumen. the enzymology of butyrate formation from pyruvate was investigated in cell-free extracts of b. fibrisolvens d1. pyruvate owas oxidized to acetylcoenzyme a (coa) in the presence of coa.sh and benzyl viologen or flavin nucleotides. the bacterium uses thiolase, beta-hydroxybutyryl-coa dehydrogenase, crotonase, and crotonyl-coa reductase to form butyryl-coa from acetyl-coa. reduction of acetoacetyl-coa to b ... | 1979 | 35524 |
| the development of mesosomes of staphylococcus aureus during autolysis. | mesosomes of staphylococcus aureus were examined morphologically under the electron microscope. three different methods of specimen preparation (thin section, freeze-fracture, and negative staining) were used to eliminate artifacts due to sample processing. mesosomes were rarely seen in intact cells but were quite distinct in autolysed cells incubated in 1.2m sucrose -0.33m acetate buffer (ph 5.8) at 25 degrees c. the phospholipid content increased by 20% of the control as autolysis proceeded. s ... | 1979 | 91308 |
| spontaneous interictal spiking in the awake kindled rat. | the spontaneous interictal spike (sis) noted in eeg recordings is a signal of the abnormally excitable behavior of neurons in an epileptic focus. this study provides a detailed, quantitative, temporal and spatial profile of sis in the amygdaloid kindled rat. the reproducible nature of the development and decline of sis in kindling provides a useful model for biochemical study of the mechanisms that initiate and regulate sis. | 1979 | 91486 |
| [hygienic standards for hexachlorane, phosalone and butyphos in the atmosphere with their subsequent use in agriculture]. | | 1979 | 91548 |
| [treatment of experimental staphylococcal endophthalmitis]. | | 1979 | 92092 |
| an investigation of the optimal conditions for the in vivo production of immunologically sensitised rat mast cells. | experiments were designed to develop an optimal method for inducing in vivo production of sensitised peritoneal mast cells. rats of different strains were sensitised with whole egg-white and killed at suitable intervals to harvest the peritoneal mast cells. release of histamine was induced in vitro by both whole egg-white and its major protein constituents, and assayed by a standard spectrofluorometric method. wistar rats showed higher levels of sensitisation than black-hooded lister rats; it wa ... | 1979 | 92507 |
| chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum in africa. | | 1979 | 92720 |
| the effect of dose loading and of double labelling with 57co and 125i on the tissue distribution in animals. | dose loading effects upon the performance of 57co-bleomycin as a tumor localizing agent have been investigated in rhabdomyosarcoma bearing wag/ry rats. the addition of non-radioactively labelled co-bleomycin increased the relative uptake of 57co-bleomycin in rapid growing tumors, but the addition of non-chelated bleomycin had no influence at all. in our experimental system, iodinated bleomycin generally labelled by reaction with icl, was found to be an unsatisfactory tumor localizing agent. in o ... | 1979 | 93048 |
| education of mouse lymphocytes against human lymphoblastoid cell lines: specific recognition of determinants independent of serologically defined hla allotypes and epstein-barr virus-coded antigens. | | 1979 | 93053 |
| testing the properties of an experimental batch of zoster immune gammaglobulin (zig). | the methods of indirct haemagglutination (ih) and precipitation in gel (id) were employed to test the level of varicella-zoster (vz) antibodies in an experimental batch of zoster gammaglobulin (zig). the titre of indirect haemagglutinating antibodies in zig was about 64 times higher than in the ordinary batches of normal immunoglobulin and about 8 times higher in comparison with the level of the initial plasma pool. in the reaction of precipitation in gel, zig produced 5 to 6 zones. in compariso ... | 1979 | 93127 |
| differential location of different types of intermediate-sized filaments in various tissues of the chicken embryo. | the location of constitutive proteins of different types of intermediate-sized (about 10 mm) filaments (cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, brain filament protein) was examined in various tissues of 11--20 day chick embryos, using specific antibodies against the isolated proteins and immunofluorescence microscopy on frozen sections and on isolated serous membrane. the tissues studied which contained epithelia were small intestine, gizzard, esophagus, crop, liver, kidney, thymus, mesenteries, and epid ... | 1979 | 93557 |
| measurement of androgen receptor in cytosol of human prostatic tissues with a sepharose-linked antibody system. | | 1979 | 93753 |
| activity of retinoids against benzo(a)pyrene-induced hyperplasia in mouse prostate organ cultures. | | 1979 | 94011 |
| a serum-free medium for the growth of muscle cells in culture. | rates of cell proliferation essentially equal to those in 10% serum were obtained when yaffe's l6 myoblasts were incubated in ham's f-12 medium containing 10(-5) m fetuin, 10(-6) m insulin, and 10(-7) m dexamethasone; we have designated this mixture muscle medium-1 (mm-1). addition of other growth factors and hormones in various combinations did not increase the proliferation of myoblasts above the rate in mm-1, and neither fetuin nor insulin could be replaced by other growth factors. all glucoc ... | 1979 | 94034 |
| infectivity suppressing and virus-binding activities of a membrane material isolated from tobacco leaves. | tmv binding substance (r) was isolated from a tobacco leaf membrane fraction and was purified by extraction with organic solvents and by column chromatography. experimental results suggest that the binding of r with tmv results in inactivation of tmv. when tobacco leaves were inoculated with the r-tmv complex, it was found that the formation of polysome containing infecting viral rna was inhibited. model experiments showed that the mode of r-tmv adsorption to the membrane is different from that ... | 1979 | 94422 |
| [changes of the plasmatic correlations between t3, t4 and tsh in patients with hyperthroidism before and after treatment with synthetic antithyroid drugs]. | | 1979 | 94678 |
| [current theories on alpha amylase]. | | 1979 | 94945 |
| short-latency peripheral inputs to the motor cortex in conscious monkeys. | | 1979 | 103602 |
| an unstable donor-recipient dna complex in transformation of bacillus subtilis. | in re-extracted dna obtained shortly after uptake of transforming dna by bacillus subtilis, increased amounts of donor dna radioactivity banding at the position of donor-recipient dna complex (drc) are observed in cscl gradients, if the cells are irradiated with high doses of uv prior to reextraction of the dna. qualitatively, the same phenomenon is observed if lysates of transforming cells are irradiated. uv-irradiation of lysates of competent cells to which single-stranded dna is added after l ... | 1978 | 106232 |
| ultrastructure and development of an exosporium-like outer spore envelope in bacillus subtilis. | an exosporium-like outermost envelope is occasionally observed in thin sections of bacillus subtilis spores. treatment of the mature spores with urea and mercaptoethanol (sometimes completed by sodium dodecyl sulfate) or with naoh, disorganizes and partially solubilizes the outer spore coat. this treatment permits a clear visualization of the exosporium in all spores of several b. subtilis strains. exosporium appears either as a single sheet, 8-9 nm thick, or with a triple-layered unit membrane- ... | 1978 | 106753 |
| bacterial and strain specificities in opsonization, phagocytosis and killing of streptococcus mutans. | opsonization of streptococcus mutans, followed by phagocytosis and killing by polymorphonuclear leucocytes has been postulated as an effector mechanism in protection against dental caries. opsonization was studied by using sera from monkeys immunized with killed strep. mutans (sero-type c) and compared with sera from sham-immunized monkeys. antibodies to strep. mutans (sero-type c) induced maximal phagocytosis and killing of serotypes c and e, and this was significantly greater than with serotyp ... | 1979 | 106996 |
| experimental and postexperimental response to anteriorly directed extraoral force in young macaca nemestrina. | an anteriorly directed extraoral force was applied to the maxillas of four healthy young m. nemestrina monkeys. experimental, retention, and postretention alterations were evaluated through a combination of cephalometric, histologic, and gross techniques. in view of the results of the present study, the following conclusions can be made: 1. skeletal remodeling occurs in all circummaxillary sutures following the application of an anteriorly directed extraoral force to the maxilla. the amount of r ... | 1979 | 107808 |
| creutzfeld-jakob disease and corneal grafts. | the possible danger of surgical transmission of creutzfeld-jakob disease from one human being to another has been reported in three instances. although laboratory attempts at transmission of this disease by corneal grafting have so far failed in animals, it is emphasized that great care should be exercised in the selection of donor material for corneal grafts and renal transplants. | 1979 | 111011 |
| [radioautographic identification of dopaminergic axons in the rat cns. in vitro marking with tritiated dopamine or noradenaline]. | a new radioautographic technique for the visualization of central dopaminergic fibers is described. this technique is based upon in vitro uptake of triatiated norepinephrine or tritiated dopamine in the presence of monoamine oxidase inhibitor and specific uptake inhibitor in noradrenergic fibers. after a short step in glutaraldehyde, the use of osmium vapours as a fixative, instead of osmic acid immersion, allows a satisfactory retention of triatiated amines within dopaminergic fibers. | 1979 | 120791 |
| purification by affinity chromatography, properties and crystallisation of phosphofructokinase from thermophilic micro-organisms. | | 1975 | 124670 |
| hydrophobic interactions of the apo-gln-i polypeptide component of human high density serum lipoprotein. | apo-gln-i, the major polypeptide component of human serum high density lipoprotein, has four noninteracting hydrophobic sites which associate with alkanes, anionic detergents, and cationic detergents. hexane and octane bind to these sites with association constants of 6.8 times 10-2 and 1.8 times 10-4 liters/mol, respectively, and compete with the anionic detergent, sodium dodecyl sulfate (c12oso3-minus), at low detergent ligand binding ratios (i.e. smaller than or equal to 1.0 mol of c12oso3-mi ... | 1975 | 165177 |
| reversible hypothyroidism in growth hormone-deficient children treated with human growth hormone. | six children with human growth hormone (hgh) deficiency became hypothyroid during the course of their therapy with hgh. this was accompanied by a decreasing growth rate, clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism and decreased serum t4 concentrations. three of the 6 patients returned to the euthyroid state, both clinically and biochemically, with cessation of hgh therapy, and reinstitution of hgh precipitated hypothyroidism again in 2 of the three. the patients who remained hypothyroid have evidence of ... | 1975 | 165211 |
| structural and functional characteristics of the microcirculation in neoplasms. | the microcirculation in a transplantable rat fibrosarcoma was investigated. the vasculature of the neoplasm consisted of irregular channels lined by plump endothelium which displayed mainly pentalaminar although a few heptalaminar junctions were also found. few pericytes surround the endothelial layer while the basement-membrane varied in thickness and was often duplicated and triplicated. challenge with histamine resulted in increased permeability in comparison with normal connective tissues si ... | 1975 | 168332 |
| superfusion techniques for assessment of steriod hormone production in endocrine tissue and isolated cells cadrenal. | | 1975 | 168465 |
| conditional lethal mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus. | | 1975 | 169102 |
| agonist and antimineralocorticoid activities of spirolactones. | to investigate the mechanism of action of antimineralocorticoids, a series of spirolactone analogues was evaluated for both mineralocorticoid antagonist and agonist activity. antagonist activity was assessed by inhibition of aldosterone stimulated sodium transport employing toad bladder short-circuit current (scc) measurements. agonist activity was assessed in the same system by the direct effect of spirolactones on scc. opening of the gamma-lactone ring of a spirolactone dramatically decreased ... | 1976 | 183514 |
| equine herpesviruses. 6. sequential infection of horses with types 2, 3 and 1. | the immunological and virological status of 3 foals in respect of equine herpesviruses (ehv) was established and the foals were sequentially infected with ehv2, ehv3 and ehv1. following experimental infection with ehv2, no clinical signs of disease were observed in any foal. the inoculation of ehv3 into the genital tract resulted in lesions of the mucous membrane and perineal skin that were considered typical of equine coital exanthema. following intransal inoculation of ehv3 extensive ulceratio ... | 1976 | 183644 |
| duck viral enteritis: a comparison of replication by ccl-141 and primary cultures of duck embryo fibroblasts. | cultures of primary cells and a line of fibroblast-like cells from the pekin duck were both compared for their replication of the herpesvirus of duck viral enteritis. the two kinds of cells were equally accurate for quantifying virus upon isolation. also, one-step growth curves showed that in both kinds of cultures new virus appeared by the 18th hour and that infectivity peaked at about 36 hours. primary cultures yielded about 5.6 times as much virus as did the cell line, though plaques were mor ... | 1976 | 183645 |
| the effects of prostaglandins e1 and e2 on heart rate responses to cervical sympathetic nerve stimulation and gaglion stimulant drugs in the anaesthetized mouse [proceedings]. | | 1976 | 184870 |
| simian virus 40 facilitates multiplication of replication defective mutants of polyoma virus in balb/3t3 mouse cells. | | 1977 | 195219 |
| inhibitory effect of hypothalamic lesions on liver tumor induction by n-2-fluorenylacetamide in male rats. | bilateral electrolytic lesions were placed in the median eminence area of the hypothalamus in 12-week-old male wistar rats. sham-operated and untreated control rats were also included. two weeks later, one-half of them were given 0.03% n-2-fluorenylacetamide incorporated into the diet for 16 weeks with adequate resting periods in between. the animals were killed 34 weeks after the last carcinogen feeding. the results show that lesions in the hypothalamus effectively inhibited liver tumor formati ... | 1978 | 201376 |
| proposed effects of brain noradrenaline on neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow during rem sleep. | we propose that the observed increases of both neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow seen throughout the brain during rem sleep may be effects of decreased central noradrenaline release. | 1977 | 201486 |
| fibrous histiocytoma of the tarsus. | a 21-year-old white man had an asymptomatic eyelid mass that had slowly enlarged for one year. on clinical examination the lesion was well circumscribed; it appeared subconjunctivally but provoked no conjunctival inflammation, and had a consistency suggestive of cartilage. microscopic examination showed it was matted and composed of elongated fibro-histiocytes and an evenly distributed population of xanthoma cells and touton giant cells. the lesion was easily removed by local excision because of ... | 1977 | 202162 |
| studies of membrane fusion. ii. fusion of human erythrocytes by sendai virus. | | 1977 | 202607 |
| a universal lipid exchange protein from rat hepatoma. | the postmicrosomal protein fraction from rat hepatoma 27 adjusted to ph 5.1 stimulates phospholipid exchange between rat liver microsomes and mitochondria with higher rates and in a less specific way than the corresponding fraction from rat liver. a phospholipid exchange protein has been purified to homogeneity from the hepatoma ph-5.1 supernatant by gel filtration on sephadex g-75 and ion-exchange chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose. the isolated protein had a molecular weight of 11200 as ... | 1978 | 203454 |
| dissociation of cyclic gmp from the negative inotropic action of carbachol in guinea pig atria. | the relationship between the negative inotropic action of carbachol and its ability to elevate cyclic gmp was determined in isolated paced guinea pig atria. a clear dissociation was observed between that concentration of carbachol which depressed contractility and that which elevated tissue cyclic gmp content. doses as low as 0.03 micronm caused a negative inotropic effect while cyclic gmp was not elevated until concentrations nearly 100-fold higher were used. thus a correlation between tissue c ... | 1977 | 203613 |
| mammary tumors, hepatocellular carcinomas, and pancreatic islet changes in c3h-avy mice. | studies of tumor incidence and assorted lesions found in 187 c3h-avy mice throughout their natural life-spans revealed the following: hepatocellular carcinomas occurred in 54.3% of males, mammary carcinomas in 95% of females, pancreatic islet cell adenomas in 9.4% of males and in no females, and pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia in 41% of males and 23% of fefemales. islet cell hyperplasia and adenomas appeared to consist predominantly of alpha and delta cells. multiple tumors, or hyperplasia, or ... | 1978 | 203711 |
| human lymphoblastoid cells as hosts for parvoviruses h-1 and rat virus. | a human t-cell line (molt-4) was shown by viral hemagglutination and infectivity assays to support the replication of rat virus (rv) and h-1 virus. in addition, h-1 virus, but not rv, multiplied in two human b-cell lines, av-1 and nc-37. the ability to bind radioactively labeled rv was demonstrated for each of the cell lines, but viral adsorption occurred to a greater degree with molt-4 cells than with either av-1 or nc-37 cells. after challenge with rv, virus-specific antigens were detected in ... | 1978 | 203718 |
| necrotizing pancreatitis due to simian adenovirus type 31 in a rhesus monkey. | simian adenovirus type 31 was isolated from pancreatic tissue of an 8-year-old male rhesus monkey that died as the result of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. histologically, the pancreas showed wide-spread necrosis, extensive infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and nuclear inclusions in pancreatic acinar cells. large numbers of adenovirus particles were demonstrable in the acinar cells by electron microscopy. this is the second case of adenovirus-associated pancreatitis we have found in ... | 1978 | 205187 |
| the "sarcoma-specific" region of moloney murine sarcoma virus 124. | labeled, purified 30s rna from moloney murine sarcoma virus was annealed to an excess of moloney murine leukemia virus complementary dna. upon treatment of the resulting dna.rna hybrids with rnase h followed by sucrose gradient sedimentation, and undigested 18s rna molecule was recovered. this rna molecule was shown to represent the "sarcoma-specific" region of the virus. the unintegrated linear dna provirus of murine sarcoma virus 124 was isolated from newly infected cells and a physical map of ... | 1978 | 208071 |
| synthesis and enzymatic activity of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate analogs. | | 1979 | 225047 |
| binding of digitoxin to human serum proteins: influence of ph on the binding of digitoxin to human albumin. | | 1975 | 238355 |
| protamine kinase from yeast. | a protein kinase (atp: protein phosphotransferase, ec 2.7.1.37) which preferentially phosphorylates protamine is purified about 250-fold from the soluble fraction of baker's yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae). this enzyme is not sensitive to activation by cyclic nucleotides. histone is about 5% as active as protamine in the reaction rate. neither casein, phosvitin nor glycogen phosphorylase is active as substrate. the enzyme is distinguishable from casein kinase of the classical type (rabinowitz, ... | 1975 | 238628 |
| comparison of the cardiostimulatory effects of nicotine in dogs and monkeys. | | 1975 | 241822 |
| biochemical and topographical studies on escherichia coli cell surface. iv. giant spheroplast formation from a filamentous cell. | long, nonseptate filamentous cells consisting of 5 to 40 single-cell unit lengths were formed from escherichia coli surface mutant ont-3 by treatment with a sublethal concentration of sodium dodecyl sylfate. as distinct from several other elongated cells (e.g., thymine-starved filaments), it was found here that stable giant spheroplasts, 5 to 10 micrometers in diameter, were produced by the action of lysozyme in the presence of bovine serum albumin via the gradual fusion of distinct spheroplasti ... | 1979 | 374397 |
| an inducible proline transport system in candida albicans. | 1. when candida albicans cells were preincubated with proline or grown in the presence of proline as the sole nitrogen source they exhibited a rapid increase in the influx of proline (the inducible transport system). 2. the induction appeared to be specific for proline and also demonstrated in other candida species. 3. both the inducible and constitutive proline uptake systems exhibited similar characteristic features. 4. the nature of the inducer for proline uptake in c. albicans appeared to be ... | 1979 | 383150 |
| demonstration of 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase activity in various rat tissues. some properties of the enzyme from rat lung. | an enzyme (5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase) that catalyzes the phosphorolytic cleavage of 5'-methylthioadenosine to 5-methylthioadenosine to 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate and adenine was found in various rat tissues. liver and lung had the highest enzyme activities and heart the lowest, most of the activity (greater than 90%) was recovered in soluble tissue fractions. the enzyme from rat lung was purified about 30-fold by ph treatment (nh4)2so4 fractionation, and gel filtration. the enzyme ... | 1978 | 415762 |
| biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. presence of dithionite and an endogenous electron donor in butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. | two oxygen-consuming substances were isolated from cell-free extracts of the rumen anaerobe, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. the major fraction comprising 97% of the total activity was characterized as a three-component mixture of glucose, maltose, and dithionite. the minor activity fraction contained an electron donor for the reduction of cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoate to trans-11-octadecenoate. after oxidation, the electron donor could be reduced by the dithionite, thereby accounting for the previ ... | 1979 | 438161 |
| some effects of uncouplers and inhibitors on growth and electron transport in rumen bacteria. | uncouplers and inhibitors of electron transport affected growth and electron transport of rumen bacteria in various ways. selenomonas ruminantium was not affected by inhibitor and uncoupler concentrations which affected growth and electron transport of bacteroides ruminicola, b. succinogenes, and butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. inhibitors, when active, led to accumulation of reduced electron carriers before the site of action, but differences were found among organisms in the site of action of these ... | 1979 | 457609 |
| studies on some characteristics of hydrogen production by cell-free extracts of rumen anaerobic bacteria. | hydrogen production was studied in the following rumen anaerobes: bacteroides clostridiiformis, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, enbacterium limosum, fusobacterium necrophorum, megasphaera elsdenii, ruminococcus albus, and ruminococcus flavefaciens. clostridium pasteurianum and escherichia coli were included for comparative purposes. hydrogen production from dithionite, dithionite-reduced methyl viologen, pyruvate, and formate was determined. all species tested produced hydrogen from dithionite-reduce ... | 1977 | 558042 |
| effects of heavy metals and other trace elements on the fermentative activity of the rumen microflora and growth of functionally important rumen bacteria. | the inhibitory effects of high concentrations of essential and non-essential trace elements were tested on the rumen microflora using the rate of fermentation in vitro as the assay. the elements (and the concentration causing 50% inhibition) in decreasing order of toxicity were hg2+ (20 microgram/ml), cu2+ (21 microgram/ml), cr6+ (70 microgram/ml), se4+ (73 microgram/ml), ni2+ (160 microgram/ml), cd2+ (175 microgram/ml), as3+ (304 microgram/ml) and as5+ (1610 microgram/ml). the elements tested t ... | 1978 | 565671 |
| production of branched-chain volatile fatty acids by certain anaerobic bacteria. | net production of isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, and 2-methylbutyric acid by cultures of bacteroides ruminicola and megasphaera elsdenii on media that contained trypticase or casein hydrolysate continued (up to 5 days) after growth had ceased. only trace quantities of these acids were produced in a medium that contained a mixture of amino acids that did not include the branched-chain amino acids. m. elsdenii produced increased quantities of the branched-chain fatty acids in a medium that cont ... | 1978 | 566082 |
| isolation of lipoteichoic acids from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. | lipoteichoic acid (lta) and deacylated lipoteichoic acid have been isolated from the bovine-rumen gram-negative anaerobe butyrivibrio fibrisolvens by phenol extraction. lipoteichoic acid (21.8 mumol phosphorus/g cells) consisted of a conventional 1, 3-phosphodiester-linked chain of glycerol phosphate units joined covalently to a glycolipid. it was not substituted with glycosyl or d-alalyl ester groups. deacylated lipoteichoic acid (57.5 mumol phosphorus/g cells) was similar in constitution but l ... | 1976 | 819620 |
| ultrastructure of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens: a gram-positive bacterium. | the cells of bacteria of the genus butyrivibrio are universally described as being gram negative, and they produce an unequivocal gram-negative reaction in the standard staining procedure. however, their cell walls contain derivatives of teichoic acid, which are characteristic of gram-positive cells. in this study, the cell walls of two representative strains of butyrivibrio were of the gram-positive morphological type, as seen by electron microscopy, but they were very thin (12 to 18 nm). the t ... | 1977 | 845122 |
| characterization of the predominant bacteria occurring in the rumen of goats (capra hircus). | a total of 44 strains of bacteria were isolated from rumen contents of the goat. based on morphology, gram stain, anaerobiosis, motility, and fermentation end products, they were grouped into 11 different types. for each type, all or representative strains were characterized in detail. the type, number of strains characterized over total number of strains, and identification were as follows: type 1, 6/21, atypical butyrivibrio fibriosolvens; type 2, 6/9, atypical butyrivibrio fibrisolvens; type ... | 1977 | 879766 |
| some aspects of the metabolism of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. | the growth responses of an acetate-utilizing isolate of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens to co2, acetate and pyruvate were determined using a chemically-defined medium. carbon dioxide was essential for growth and both acetate and pyruvate increased growth. 14c from [i-14c]pyruvate appeared predominantly in formate and lactate. these results, together with those obtained with enzyme preparations, indicated pyruvate synthase, pyruvate-co2 exchange and pyruvate formate lyase to be active. | 1976 | 993781 |
| ampicillin-resistant hemophilus sp. | | 1976 | 1082793 |
| in vitro production of erythropoietin by mouse fetal liver. | mouse fetal liver tissue has been cultured and shown to produce and release into the culture medium an erythropoietically active substance for up to 30 days of culture. since this substance can be completely neutralized by an antiserum to erythropoietin and shows a dose--response relationship in the plethoric mouse assay, it is suggested that the culture medium contains erythropoietin, a hormone important in the regulation of erythropoiesis. using this procedure, we have obtained the equivalent ... | 1975 | 1131429 |
| [periodicity of changes in halobacterium cultures]. | | 1975 | 1183309 |
| the isomerization of 2,5- and 9,12-octadecadienoic acids by an extract of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. | a cell-free particulate preparation from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens was used to study the relative rates of isomerization of all cis,cis-methylene-interrupted isomers of octadecadienoic acid. only two isomers were found to be substrates, the 9,12-isomer was isomerized at 41 +/- 4 mumol/min per mg protein, and the 2,5-isomer at 11 +/- 1 mumol/min per mg. the product of the isomerization of the 2,5-isomer had an ultraviolet absorption maximum at 233 nm indicating that it was the 3,5-isomer. the iso ... | 1976 | 1252494 |
| biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. hydrogenation by cell-free preparations of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. | hydrogenation of cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid to yield trans-11-octadecenoic acid by cell-free preparations of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens has been obtained under strictly anaerobic conditions. reduced methyl viologen, nadh, and an endogenous electron donor each can serve as a reductant. inhibition studies and gel filtration patterns reveal the presence of at least two hydrogenation systems, one of which is coupled through a flavin, possibly fmn. although the enzymes comprising the biohydro ... | 1976 | 1262324 |
| the gene encoding the cellulase (avicelase) cel1 from streptomyces reticuli and analysis of protein domains. | streptomyces reticuli produces an unusual cellulase (avicelase), with an apparent molecular weight of 82 kda, which is solely sufficient to degrade crystalline cellulose. during cultivation the processing of the avicelase to a truncated enzyme (42 kda) and an inactive protein (40 kda) correlated with the occurrence of an extracellular protease. after its purification this 36 kda protease cleaved the s. reticuli avicelase in vitro in the same manner. using antibodies raised against the avicelase ... | 1992 | 1282194 |
| dap-decarboxylase activity and lysine production by rumen bacteria. | the last step of pathway of lysine biosynthesis by rumen bacteria was tested. the first measurements of dap-decarboxylase activity and of lysine production by megasphera elsdenii, selenomonas ruminantium, clostridium spp., butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and bacteroides succinogenes as well as the first attempts to increase the lysine production by ruminal streptococci by mutation are described. the highest values were measured in selenomonas ruminantium (dap-decarboxylase activity = 146 micrograms da ... | 1992 | 1295484 |
| cloning and expression of an amylase gene from streptococcus bovis in escherichia coli. | an amylase gene was identified in a streptococcus bovis 033 lambda gtwes lambda b genomic library. using a starch overlay and a congo red-iodine staining procedure, amylase positive clones could be identified by zones of clearing. ten amylase positive clones were identified using this procedure. the clone chosen for further study, lambda sba105, contained an insert of approximately 7.5 kb. the insert was mapped, and subcloning localized the amylase gene to a region of approximately 3.1 kb. cloni ... | 1992 | 1380794 |
| identification and validation of a new nursing diagnosis: sick role conflict. | the purpose of this research is to assess the presence, etiology, and effects of sick role conflict experienced by hospitalized patients. data from 99 hospitalized adult subjects were analyzed using a path analysis design. patients were interviewed at the bedside using a structured interview tool developed by the researchers. it was found that subjects who occupied multiple roles, who were not adequately prepared for hospitalization, and who had an acute rather than chronic illness were prone to ... | 1992 | 1489584 |
| interaction of ruminal bacteria in the production and utilization of maltooligosaccharides from starch. | the degradation and utilization of starch by three amylolytic and one nonamylolytic species of ruminal bacteria were studied. pure cultures of streptococcus bovis jb1, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 49, and bacteroides ruminicola d31d rapidly hydrolyzed starch and maltooligosaccharides accumulated. the major starch hydrolytic products detected in s. bovis cultures were glucose, maltose, maltotriose, and maltotetraose. in addition to these oligosaccharides, b. fibrisolvens cultures produced maltopenta ... | 1992 | 1539992 |
| [the immunotherapy of herpetic stomatitis in children]. | immunoglobulin with a high titer of antiherpetic antibodies (1:640 to 1:1280) was used for the treatment of children with acute and recurrent herpetic stomatitis. the agent was injected intramuscularly, 2 to 4 injections, depending on the disease severity. the results evidence a favorable effect of the drug on the clinical and immunologic parameters of patients suffering from the acute condition and permit a conclusion that this immunoglobulin prevented the development of recurrent forms in the ... | 1991 | 1656548 |
| conjugal transfer of tn916, tn916 delta e, and pam beta 1 from enterococcus faecalis to butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strains. | anaerobic filter matings of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c, cf3, d1, or gs113, representing different dna relatedness groups, were done with enterococcus faecalis cg110, which contains chromosomally inserted tn916. tetracycline-resistant transconjugants were obtained with each mating pair at average frequencies of 4.4 x 10(-6) (per recipient) and 5.2 x 10(-6) (per donor). the transfer frequencies of tn916 into b. fibrisolvens varied 5- to 10-fold with mating time, strain, and growth stage. by us ... | 1991 | 1662939 |
| introduction of tn916 and pam beta 1 into streptococcus bovis jb1 by conjugation. | the transposon tn916 and self-mobilizing plasmid pam beta 1 were conjugated from enterococcus faecalis to the ruminal bacterium streptococcus bovis jb1. transconjugants were identified by resistance to tetracycline (tn916) or erythromycin (pam beta 1) and by southern hybridization analyses. transfer frequencies were 7.0 x 10(-6) and 1.0 x 10(-6) per recipient cell for tn916 and pam beta 1, respectively. the transconjugants jb1/tn916 and jb1/pam beta 1 were used as donors for matings with e. faec ... | 1991 | 1662940 |
| mechanism of gram variability in select bacteria. | gram stains were performed on strains of actinomyces bovis, actinomyces viscosus, arthrobacter globiformis, bacillus brevis, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, clostridium tetani, clostridium thermosaccharolyticum, corynebacterium parvum, mycobacterium phlei, and propionibacterium acnes, using a modified gram regimen that allowed the staining process to be observed by electron microscopy (j. a. davies, g. k. anderson, t. j. beveridge, and h. c. clark, j. bacteriol. 156:837-845, 1983). furthermore, since ... | 1990 | 1689718 |
| antigenic nature of the chloride-stimulated cellobiosidase and other cellulases of fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85 and related fresh isolates. | polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to the cl-stimulated cellobiosidase of fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85 reacted with numerous proteins of both higher and lower molecular weights from f. succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85, but not with escherichia coli proteins, and only one protein each from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and ruminococcus albus. different profiles were observed for western blots (immunoblots) of peptide digests of both the purified enzyme from f. succinogenes a ... | 1990 | 1692677 |
| a survey of peptidase activity in rumen bacteria. | twenty-nine strains of 14 species of rumen bacteria were screened for their ability to hydrolyse ala2, ala5, glyarg-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (glyarg-mna) and leu-mna. several species, notably megasphaera elsdenii, were active against ala2, and a smaller number, including bacteroides ruminicola, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, ruminococcus flavefaciens, lachnospira multipara and ruminobacter amylophilus, broke down ala5. streptococcus bovis had an exceptionally high leucine arylamidase activity. howe ... | 1991 | 1748877 |
| an analysis of the extracellular xylanases and cellulases of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c. | the extracellular xylanase and cellulase components of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c were investigated. two major peaks of enzyme activity were eluted by hydroxylapatite chromatography and designated complex a (ca), having cellulase activity, and complex b (cb) having predominantly xylanase activity but with some activity on carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc). cb was further purified on a de-52 column and subjected to gel filtration. the xylanase and cmcase activities eluted in a single peak with an ... | 1991 | 1778443 |
| mutations that alter the charge of type i regulatory subunit and modify activation properties of cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase from s49 mouse lymphoma cells. | mutations in regulatory (r) subunit of camp-dependent protein kinase were analyzed from camp-resistant mutants of s49 mouse lymphoma cells by direct sequencing of amplified regions of mutant r subunit cdnas. eight distinct single base-change lesions were identified in 24 independent mutants that were hemizygous for expression of mutant r subunits with altered protein charge. cg----ta transitions predominated, but at----gc transitions and gc----ta transversions were also observed. four of five sp ... | 1991 | 1847378 |
| codon bias and gene expression. | the frequencies with which individual synonymous codons are used to code their cognate amino acids is quite variable from genome to genome and within genomes, from gene to gene. one particularly well documented codon bias is that associated with highly expressed genes in bacteria as well as in yeast; this is the so-called major codon bias. here, it is suggested that the major codon bias is not an arrangement for regulating individual gene expression. instead, the data suggest that this codon bia ... | 1991 | 1855585 |
| differentiation of growth signal requirement of b lymphocyte precursor is directed by expression of immunoglobulin. | during b cell differentiation, at least three stages can be defined in terms of their growth signal requirement by using two different growth signals, which are recombinant interleukin 7 (il-7) and a stromal cell clone pa6 which does not produce il-7; first a pa6 dependent stage, second a pa6 + il-7 dependent stage and third an il-7 dependent stage. in order to test the possibility that this differentiation of growth signal requirement is controlled by the expression of functional immunoglobulin ... | 1991 | 1899373 |
| sequencing and expression of the butyrivibrio fibrisolvens xylb gene encoding a novel bifunctional protein with beta-d-xylosidase and alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase activities. | a single gene (xylb) encoding both beta-d-xylosidase (ec 3.2.1.37) and alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase (ec 3.2.1.55) activities was identified and sequenced from the ruminal bacterium butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. the xylb gene consists of a 1.551-bp open reading frame (orf) encoding 517 amino acids. a subclone containing a 1.843-bp dna fragment retained both enzymatic activities. insertion of a 10-bp noti linker into the ecorv site within the central region of this orf abolished both activities. sodiu ... | 1991 | 1905520 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression of a gene encoding a 73 kda xylanase enzyme from the rumen anaerobe butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c. | the cloning, expression and nucleotide sequence of a 3 kb dna segment on pls206 containing a xylanase gene (xynb) from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c was investigated. the open reading frame (orf) of 1905 bp encoded a xylanase of 635 amino acid residues (mr 73156). at least 850 bp at the 3' end of the gene could be deleted without loss of xylanase activity. the deduced amino acid sequence was confirmed by purifying the enzyme and subjecting it to n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. in esche ... | 1991 | 1909424 |
| characterization of the butyrivibrio fibrisolvens glgb gene, which encodes a glycogen-branching enzyme with starch-clearing activity. | a butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c glgb gene, was isolated by direct selection for colonies that produced clearing on starch azure plates. the gene was expressed in escherichia coli from its own promoter. the glgb gene consisted of an open reading frame of 1,920 bp encoding a protein of 639 amino acids (calculated mr, 73,875) with 46 to 50% sequence homology with other branching enzymes. a limited region of 12 amino acids showed sequence similarity to amylases and glucanotransferases. the b. fibri ... | 1991 | 1938880 |
| the cellodextrinase from pseudomonas fluorescens subsp. cellulosa consists of multiple functional domains. | a genomic library of pseudomonas fluorescens subsp. cellulosa dna was constructed in puc18 and escherichia coli recombinants expressing 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-d-cellobioside-hydrolysing activity (mucase) were isolated. enzyme produced by mucase-positive clones did not hydrolyse either cellobiose or cellotriose but converted cellotetraose into cellobiose and cleaved cellopentaose and cellohexaose, producing a mixture of cellobiose and cellotriose. there was no activity against cm-cellulose, in ... | 1991 | 1953673 |
| the hydrolysis of lucerne cell-wall monosaccharide components by monocultures or pair combinations of defined ruminal bacteria. | the defined ruminal bacterial strains fibrobacter succinogenes s85, ruminococcus flavefaciens fd1, ruminococcus albus 7, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens d1, and bacteroides ruminicola ga33 were grown, in monocultures or as combinations of pair strains, on isolated lucerne cell-walls (cw) as the sole carbohydrate substrate. fibrobacter succinogenes s85 was the dominant strain determining extent of cw hydrolysis in all combinations with s85. the hydrolysis of cellulose, xylan, hemicellulose side-sugars, ... | 1991 | 2030098 |
| cloning, nucleotide sequence, and enzymatic characterization of an alpha-amylase from the ruminal bacterium butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c. | a butyrivibrio fibrisolvens amylase gene was cloned and expressed by using its own promoter on the recombinant plasmid pbamy100 in escherichia coli. the amylase gene consisted of an open reading frame of 2,931 bp encoding a protein of 976 amino acids with a calculated mr of 106,964. in e. coli(pbamy100), more than 86% of the active amylase was located in the periplasm, and tnphoa fusion experiments showed that the enzyme had a functional signal peptide. the b. fibrisolvens amylase is a calcium m ... | 1991 | 2061294 |
| preservation of ruminal bacterium capsules by using lysine in the electron microscopy fixative. | ruminal bacteria from axenic cultures of ruminococcus flavefaciens fd1, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 49, and bacterial types from the ruminal ecosystem that were fixed with 50 mm lysine (l-lysine hydrochloride) added to glutaraldehyde had better-preserved capsules and extracellular material than bacteria fixed without lysine. | 1990 | 2125818 |
| soluble factor requirements for the tetrahymena peptide elongation system and the ribosomal atpase as a counterpart of yeast elongation factor 3 (ef-3). | peptide elongation factor 3 (ef-3), which is widely present in yeasts and fungi (eumycota), does not occur in another lower eukaryote, the unicellular protozoan tetrahymena pyriformis, as was shown by the following findings: (a) there is no activity to satisfy the ef-3 requirement of yeast ribosomes in the post-ribosomal supernatant fraction from tetrahymena, and (b) the tetrahymena ribosomes displayed their full capacity for polyphenylalanine synthesis with purified ef-1 alpha and ef-2 alone fr ... | 1990 | 2150964 |
| changes in synaptosomal membranes from cerebral cortex due to psychogenic stress in rats. | the changes in synaptosomal membranes in comparison with those of macrophages and mitochondria during repeated psychogenic stress were evaluated using a specially designed multiprobe procedure. activity of na,k-atpase activity was measured as a functional marker for synaptosomal membranes. the interaction of peritoneal macrophages with nitrobluetetrazole (nbt-test) was also evaluated. some bioenergetic parameters were measured in mitochondria using spectrophotometric techniques. the data reveale ... | 1990 | 2168138 |
| enhancement of infusion-induced brain edema by mediator compounds. | mediator compounds such as bradykinin, arachidonic acid, and lt are released in the brain in conditions causing cerebral swelling. the potential of these compounds to enhance this process was studied in the infusion-induced model of brain edema. cats subjected to chloralose anesthesia were infused with 400 microliters of artificial csf into the right and left frontal white matter within 2.5 hr. csf infused into the left hemisphere contained either bradykinin (40 microm), arachidonic acid (3 mm), ... | 1990 | 2168664 |
| cloning, sequencing, and expression of a xylanase gene from the anaerobic ruminal bacterium butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. | a gene coding for xylanase activity, xyna, from the anaerobic ruminal bacterium butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 49 was cloned into escherichia coli jm83 by using plasmid puc19. the gene was located on a 2.3-kilobase (kb) dna insert composed of two adjacent ecori fragments of 1.65 and 0.65 kb. expression of xylanase activity required parts of both ecori segments. in e. coli, the cloned xylanase enzyme was not secreted and remained cell associated. the enzyme exhibited no arabinosidase, cellulase, alpha ... | 1990 | 2198249 |
| nucleotide sequence of the ruminococcus albus sy3 endoglucanase genes cela and celb. | the complete nucleotide sequences of ruminococcus albus genes cela and celb coding for endoglucanase a (ega) and endoglucanase b (egb), respectively, have been determined. the cela structural gene consists of an open reading frame of 1095 bp. confirmation of the nucleotide sequence was obtained by comparing the predicted amino acid sequence with that derived by n-terminal analysis of purified ega. the celb structural gene consists of an open reading frame of 1227 bp; 7 bp upstream of the transla ... | 1990 | 2250649 |
| sequencing and expression of a cellodextrinase (ced1) gene from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c cloned in escherichia coli. | the nucleotide sequence of a 2.314 kb dna segment containing a gene (ced1) expressing cellodextrinase activity from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c was determined. the b. fibrisolvens h17c gene was expressed from a weak internal promoter in escherichia coli and a putative consensus promoter sequence was identified upstream of a ribosome binding site and a gtg start codon. the complete amino acid sequence (547 residues) was deduced and homology was demonstrated with the clostridium thermocellum en ... | 1990 | 2250655 |
| cloning, sequencing and analysis of expression of a butyrivibrio fibrisolvens gene encoding a beta-glucosidase. | the cloning, expression and nucleotide sequence of a 3.74 kb dna segment on pls215 containing a beta-glucosidase gene (bgla) from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c was investigated. the b. fibrisolvens bgla open reading frame (orf) of 2490 bp encoded a beta-glucosidase of 830 amino acid residues with a calculated mr of 91,800. in escherichia coli c600(pls215) cells the beta-glucosidase was localized in the cytoplasm and these cells produced an additional protein with an apparent mr of approximately ... | 1990 | 2262790 |
| cloning and sequencing of the cela gene encoding endoglucanase a of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain a46. | genomic dna from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain a46 was digested with ecori and ligated into lambda gt11. two recombinant phages isolated from the gene bank hydrolysed carboxymethylcellulose and were shown to contain the same 2.3 kb ecori restriction fragment, which was cloned into puc12 to generate pba46. escherichia coli jm83 harbouring pba46 expressed an endoglucanase (ega) which hydrolysed a range of other substrates including barley beta-glucan, avicel, filter paper and p-nitrophenyl beta ... | 1990 | 2269875 |
| physiology and genetics of xylan degradation by gastrointestinal tract bacteria. | hemicelluloses or xylans are major components (35%) of plant materials. for ruminant animals, about 50% of the dietary xylans are degraded, but only small amounts of xylans are degraded in the lower gut of nonruminant animals and humans. in the rumen, the major xylanolytic species are butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and bacteroides ruminicola. in the human colon, bacteroides ovatus and bacteroides fragilis subspecies "a" are major xylanolytic bacteria. xylans are chemically complex, and their degradat ... | 1990 | 2283426 |
| 4-o-(1-carboxyethyl)-l-rhamnose, a second unique acidic sugar found in an extracellular polysaccharide from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain 49. | butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain 49 excretes a polysaccharide that contains d-glucose, d-galactose, 4-o-(1-carboxyethyl)-d-galactose, and an acidic component of previously unknown structure. we report here the identity of the unknown as 4-o-(1-carboxyethyl)-l-rhamnose. the structure of this previously unknown compound was deduced from (1) comprehensive electron-impact and chemical-ionization mass-spectroscopic studies of differentially labelled derivatives prepared from the unknown, (2) 13c-n.m. ... | 1990 | 2363673 |
| age-related differences in the induction of 2-5a synthetase and 2-5a dependent binding protein activities by interferon in guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. | 2-5a synthetase and binding protein activities in peritoneal macrophages have been compared between young (6 month) and old (22-24 month) guinea pigs. enzyme activities are lower in aged animals with a 17% and a 31% reduction in synthetase and binding protein activities, respectively. in addition, the response to the addition of mouse fibroblast interferon by macrophages from these two age groups is also substantially different. whereas addition of interferon to young guinea pig macrophages elic ... | 1986 | 2430566 |
| a yeast nuclear gene, mrs1, involved in mitochondrial rna splicing: nucleotide sequence and mutational analysis of two overlapping open reading frames on opposite strands. | we have cloned a 1.6-kb fragment of yeast nuclear dna, which complements pet- mutant mk3 (mrs1). this mutant was shown to be defective in mitochondrial rna splicing: the excision of intron 3 from the mitochondrial cob pre-rna is blocked. the dna sequence of the nuclear dna fragment revealed two open reading frames (orf1 with 1092 bp; orf2 with 735 bp) on opposite strands, which overlap by 656 bp. as shown by in vitro mutagenesis, orf1, but not orf2, is responsible for complementation of the spli ... | 1987 | 2443348 |