| contagious equine metritis outbreak in kentucky. | | 1978 | 287097 |
| the 1872 epizootic. | | 1977 | 323206 |
| contagious equine metritis in the usa. | | 1978 | 754407 |
| prevalence and serovars of leptospira involved in equine abortions in central kentucky during the 1990 foaling season. | a study to determine the prevalence of leptospira-induced abortions in the central kentucky equine population during the 1990 foaling season and to determine the leptospira serovars responsible was conducted. from july 1, 1989 through june 30, 1990, 32 (4.4%) of 726 submissions (fetuses, stillborn foals, and/or placentas) were diagnosed as leptospirosis by the fluorescent antibody test and/or microscopic agglutination test. attempts were made to isolate leptospires from the fetal tissues and/or ... | 1992 | 1515489 |
| analysis of serotypes and electropherotypes of equine rotaviruses isolated in the united states. | equine group a rotaviruses isolated over a 10-year period in new york state, new jersey, kentucky, and texas were compared serotypically and electropherotypically. all isolates were determined to be serotype 3 by reaction with hyperimmune antiserum to the serotype 3 h-2 strain of equine rotavirus. all displayed rna electrophoretic migration patterns related to that of the h-2 strain but distinct from that of serotype 5 strain h-1. a serologic survey of 184 mares in kentucky, which was done to de ... | 1991 | 1647407 |
| diagnosis and prevalence of leptospira infection in aborted and stillborn horses. | a study was conducted to evaluate a recently available fluorescent antibody test (fat) conjugate for the detection of leptospires in tissues of aborted and stillborn horses, to determine the leptospira antibody titers and compare serologic test results with fat results, and to determine the prevalence of leptospira-induced abortions and stillbirths in the equine population of central kentucky. from july 1, 1988 through june 30, 1989, 15 (2.5%) of 594 submissions (fetuses, stillborn foals, and/or ... | 1991 | 1892931 |
| arthropod faunal composition on kentucky equine premises. | thirty-nine arthropod species representing the families muscidae, chloropidae, tabanidae, simuliidae, culicidae, and ixodidae were collected from kentucky equine premises using dry ice-baited canopy traps, light traps, water samples, tick drags, and animal inspections during late april to mid-october 1987 and 1988. thirty-three species were collected from canopy traps, consisting of 74.3% muscid, 16.7% chloropid, 5.0% simuliid, 3.8% tabanid, and 0.2% culicid species. light traps attracted eight ... | 1991 | 1941934 |
| epidemiology of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in north america based on histologically confirmed cases. a report. | following a workshop on equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm) convened at the veterinary medical forum of the american college of veterinary internal medicine in 1988, this survey of epm in north america was developed. it is based upon 364 histologically confirmed case records from california, florida, illinois, kentucky, new york, ohio, oklahoma, ontario, pennsylvania, and texas up to 1988. the highest rate of infection was found in young thoroughbred, standardbred, and quarter horses. diffe ... | 1990 | 2342022 |
| a new field strain of equine abortion virus (equine herpesvirus-1) among kentucky horses. | from restriction endonuclease characterization of the dna of 317 isolates of equine abortion virus (equine herpesvirus-1; ehv-1) from 176 epizootically unrelated outbreaks of equine virus abortion occurring over 24 years in kentucky, an epizootic pattern and variation of the virus have emerged. two electropherotypes of ehv-1 (1p and 1b) accounted for greater than 90% of the nonvaccine-related abortion isolates examined. from 1960 to 1981, ehv-1 1p was the predominant isolate circulating in the c ... | 1985 | 2982294 |
| demonstration of the carrier state in naturally acquired equine arteritis virus infection in the stallion. | the chronic carrier state was virologically confirmed in 15 thoroughbred stallions naturally infected with equine arteritis virus based on the results of test matings and, or, isolations of the virus from semen. carrier stallions were shown to shed equine arteritis virus in the semen for at least one to two years. existence of a short-term or convalescent carrier state was also demonstrated in five additional stallions. the frequency of the long-term carrier state in stallions naturally infected ... | 1986 | 3022363 |
| piperazine resistance in population-b equine strongyles: a study of selection in thoroughbreds in kentucky from 1966 through 1983. | observations were completed over an 18-year period (1966 through 1983) in thoroughbred mares (15/year) and yearlings (11 to 24/year) on a farm where benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles had emerged previously (1962 to 1965). this farm was operated as a closed, nonboarding type, which included a racing stable for its home-bred foals. at 2-week intervals, counts of worm eggs per gram of feces (epg) and larvae per gram of feces were done to monitor strongyle infections and efficacies of bimonth ... | 1988 | 3421545 |
| survey of histoplasmin and blastomycin test reactors among thoroughbred horses in central kentucky. | | 1972 | 5047123 |
| focal myelitis-encephalitis in horses. | | 1970 | 5464755 |
| arbovirus studies in the ohio-mississippi basin, 1964-1967. v. trivittatus and western equine encephalomyelitis viruses. | | 1969 | 5817893 |
| vaccination against equine herpesvirus 1 and equine influenza infection. | | 1984 | 6093330 |
| an effective program to control equine infectious anemia in kentucky. | | 1981 | 6784324 |
| prevalence and serovars of leptospira involved in equine abortions in central kentucky during the 1991-1993 foaling seasons. | in this study, the prevalence of leptospira-induced abortions/stillbirths for the past 3 foaling seasons (1991-1993) was determined, and fetal tissues and/or the mare's urine from positive cases were cultured in an attempt to isolate and identify the leptospira serovars responsible for the abortions. the sensitivity and specificity of the primary diagnostic tests, the fluorescent antibody test (fat) and the microscopic agglutination test (mat), used for the diagnosis of leptospirosis were also d ... | 1995 | 7779971 |
| parasites in lungs of dead equids in kentucky: emphasis on dictyocaulus arnfieldi. | prevalence of natural infections of parasites from the lungs of 488 dead thoroughbreds in kentucky was investigated. the horses varied from 1 to 32 years of age; 419 horses were from 215 farms and 69 horses were from 68 individual sources for which a specific farm was not identified. examinations of the lungs were made from mar 1, 1983 through feb 29, 1984. dictyocaulus arnfieldi was recovered from 56 (11%) of the horses. other parasites found were larvae of parascaris equorum in 37 (8%) and of ... | 1985 | 4040343 |
| prevalence of equine onchocerciasis in southeastern and midwestern united states. | of 664 horses reported to have originated in southeastern and midwestern united states, 341 (51.4%) were positive for onchocerca cervicalis cutaneous microfilariasis. the highest prevalence of 68.8% was recorded for horses from virginia. horses with the highest concentrations of microfilariae (as high as 19,770 microfilariae/mg in 1 horse) were from the southeast (georgia, florida, tennessee, and alabama). for horses from south carolina, the prevalence of infection was 57.1%; from the midwest (k ... | 1985 | 4008301 |
| prevalence of some internal parasites recovered at necropsy of thoroughbreds born in 1982 in kentucky. | a total of 89 thoroughbreds, 14 to 333 days old (born in 1982), were examined at necropsy for certain internal parasites during a 1-year-period, mar 1, 1982, to feb 28, 1983. the eyes of 73 of the horses and the cranial mesenteric arteries of 71 were examined. specific interest was on prevalence of parasites according to month of the year and age of the horses at necropsy. parasites recovered (first month-last month infected horse found) were as follows: thelazia lacrymalis (eyes) immature and m ... | 1985 | 3994134 |
| onchocerca spp: frequency in thoroughbreds at necropsy in kentucky. | examination of the ligamentum nuchae for onchocerca spp was completed in 523 thoroughbreds (1 to 29 years old) at necropsy in kentucky during a 13-month period (1984 to 1985). onchocerca spp were found in 306 (59%) of the horses. frequencies of this parasite were 3%, 17%, 40%, 43%, and 42% in 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old horses, respectively. for 6- to 29-year-old horses, frequency varied from 71% to 100%, except for 26-year-old horses (50%); 87% of the 304 horses examined in the 6- to 29-year ... | 1986 | 3963592 |
| eyeworms (thelazia lacrymalis) in one- to four-year-old thoroughbreds at necropsy in kentucky (1984 to 1985). | from mar 1, 1984, to feb 28, 1985, both eyes from 189 one- to four-year-old thoroughbreds (88 males, 90 females, and 11 geldings) in kentucky were examined at necropsy for eyeworms. thelazia lacrymalis was recovered from 45% of 1-year-old horses, 26% of 2-year-old horses, 45% of 3-year-old horses, and 50% of 4-year-old horses; overall, 43% of 1- to 4-year old horses were infected. prevalence of eyeworms in horses in the present study was comparable with that in horses of similar ages examined at ... | 1986 | 3954210 |
| prevalence of internal parasites in horses in critical tests of activity of parasiticides over a 28-year period (1956-1983) in kentucky. | the prevalence and number of naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasites were compiled for horses used in critical tests of activity of parasiticides over a 28-year period (1956-1983). data are presented as follows: n = number of horses examined; % = mean prevalence; number in parentheses after % = aggregate mean number of parasites in infected horses. parasites found were: bots (n = 513) - gasterophilus intestinalis, 2nd instar, 61%(58); 3rd instar, 94%(168); g. nasalis, 2nd instar, 36%(28); ... | 1987 | 3564356 |
| epizootic of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis on a farm. | to determine the clinical findings, course of treatment, and long-term outcome of horses on a farm in central kentucky during an epizootic of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm). | 1997 | 9096721 |
| natural infection with eimeria leuckarti: prevalence of oocysts in feces of horse foals on several farms in kentucky during 1986. | during 1986, fecal specimens were collected 1 or more times from each of 164 horse foals (158 thoroughbred and 6 mixed light horse type), ranging in age from 0 to 252 days, on 13 farms in central kentucky. to detect natural infection with eimeria leuckarti, feces were examined for oocysts. oocysts were found in 67 (41%) of the foals on 11 (85%) of the farms. the earliest age at which oocysts were first detected was 15 days (1 foal); the latest age was 123 days (1 foal). the mean age for the firs ... | 1988 | 3354972 |
| chronic environmental cadmium toxicosis in horses and cattle. | | 1997 | 9373353 |
| lungworms (dictyocaulus arnfieldi): prevalence in live equids in kentucky. | prevalence of natural infections of the lungworm, dictyocaulus arnfieldi, was investigated in kentucky in 5,437 live equids (horses, ponies, and asses) on 91 farms by examination of fecal samples over a 15-month-period from january 28, 1983 to april 19, 1984. for the 91 farms investigated, asses only were examined on 1 farm; for the other 90 farms, examinations were made of horses on all of them, of ponies on 4 farms, and of asses on 9 farms. larvae of d arnfieldi were found in fecal samples of ... | 1985 | 3160271 |
| status of equine viral arteritis in kentucky, 1985. | clinical cases of equine arteritis virus infection have not been diagnosed in kentucky since 1984, and there has been no indication that any of the horses involved in the 1984 epizootic have since been responsible for spread of the disease to horses in other states or other countries. cases of abortion caused by naturally acquired infection with this virus have not been confirmed in 1984 or 1985. neither field nor vaccine strains of equine arteritis virus have been shown to induce teratologic ab ... | 1987 | 3038806 |
| results of physical inspection before races and race-related characteristics and their association with musculoskeletal injuries in thoroughbreds during races. | to estimate the relative risk of injury among horses deemed to be at increased risk of injury on the basis of prerace physical inspection findings and to examine the association of injury during races with race-related characteristics. | 1999 | 10476712 |
| status of equine viral arteritis in kentucky for 1986. | | 1987 | 3035776 |
| common internal parasites found in the stomach, large intestine, and cranial mesenteric artery of thoroughbreds in kentucky at necropsy (1985 to 1986). | a total of 278 thoroughbreds (less than 1 to 31 years old) were examined at necropsy (july 9, 1985, to feb 2, 1986) in kentucky for various internal parasites. examination was not made of all the horses for each of the parasites. specific parasites recovered from the stomach of foals (n = 30) and yearlings and older horses (n = 96) and percentage (in parentheses) of each age category infected, respectively, were as follows: gasterophilus intestinalis 2nd instar (53% and 32%) and 3rd instar (37% ... | 1987 | 2950814 |
| use of repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction for molecular epidemiologic analysis of streptococcus equi subspecies equi. | to determine whether repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr) could be used to differentiate streptococcus equi isolates, to examine s equi isolates from throughout the world, and to determine whether a horse had > 1 subtype of s equi during an outbreak of disease. | 2000 | 10850848 |
| distribution of equine infectious anemia in equids in southeastern united states. | state veterinarians in 11 southeastern states completed a questionnaire designed to determine the proportion of equids in the region that were seropositive for equine infectious anemia (eia). cases of eia were diagnosed in each of the states surveyed. distinct geographic clusters of cases were apparent in tennessee and kentucky adjacent to the mississippi river, in the piedmont of north carolina at the virginia border, in north central georgia, and throughout the florida peninsula. it is suggest ... | 1990 | 2173692 |
| trajectory analysis of winds and eastern equine encephalitis in usa, 1980-5. | backward trajectories of winds were determined to identify possible sources of eastern equine encephalitis virus associated with isolation of virus from mosquitoes or birds or outbreaks in horses between 1980 and 1985 in maryland, new jersey, new york and michigan, usa. the results of the trajectory analyses suggested that eastern equine encephalitis virus could have been carried by infected mosquitoes on surface winds at temperatures 13 degrees c or higher from north carolina north-eastwards al ... | 1990 | 1969804 |
| distribution and control of chironomus riparius (diptera: chironomidae) in a polluted creek. | mass emergences of adult chironomus riparius have been regularly occurring in late february near residential areas adjacent to a creek receiving municipal sewage effluent located in lexington, kentucky. prior to attempting control of this chironomid, the larval distribution of this species in the creek was investigated. although large numbers of larvae were being produced in this creek, the greatest larval density occurred downstream from an adjacent horse "muck" pile and an adjacent landfill. a ... | 1992 | 1431860 |
| occurrence of the eyeworm, thelazia lacrymalis, in horses in kentucky. | | 1975 | 1238519 |
| occurrence of second and third instars of gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis in stomachs of horses in kentucky. | the occurrence of 2nd and 3rd instars of gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis was determined in 476 horses during the 22-year period from 1951 to 1973. overall, g intestinalis infected 98.7% of the horses and averaged 168/horse; whereas g nasalis infected 80.7% of the horses and averaged 52/horse. aggregate average total numbers for g intestinalis ranged from a low of 50 in september to a high of 229 in march, and for g nasalis, from a low of 14 in september to a high of 82 in fe ... | 1975 | 1190600 |
| kentucky veterinarians investigate mysterious foal death syndrome. | | 2001 | 11417724 |
| caterpillars, cherry trees may take blame for foal deaths in kentucky. | | 2001 | 11439761 |
| thelazia lacrymalis in horses in kentucky and observations on the face fly (musca autumnalis) as a probable intermediate host. | eyes from 114 (30.3%) of 376 dead horses, examined from 3 april 1975 to 3 april 1976, were naturally infected with adult thelazia lacrymalis; 1 horse was also infected with 1 male thelazia skrijabini. adult t. lacrymalis from dead horses were successfully transferred mechanically to the eyes of 3 of 4 shetland ponies raised helminth-free. larvae from gravid female t. lacrymalis underwent development in experimentally infected, laboratory-raised face flies (musca autumnalis) and third-stage larva ... | 1976 | 1033990 |
| contagious equine metritis--outbreak of the disease in kentucky and laboratory methods for diagnosing the disease. | contagious equine metritis (cem) was initially reported during the 1977 breeding season in england (crowhurst, 1977) and ireland (timoney, ward & kelly, 1977. the disease has also been diagnosed in france and australia (huges, bryden & macdonald, 1978). the first occurrence of cem in the united states followed the importation or 2 stallions from france late in 1977 which resulted in an outbreak early in the 1978 breeding season (swerczek, 1978). mares usually develop clinical signs of cem 8--10 ... | 1979 | 383988 |
| epidemiological observations on contagious equine metritis in kentucky, 1978. | contagious equine metritis, introduced by importation of 2 comtaminated stallions from france, affected 54 thoroughbred brood mares during the 1978 breeding season in kentucky. the infection was diagnosed bacteriologically and by the use of a complement fixation test. although lateral spread to stallions, and probably to a few mares, occurred through human agency in the breeding sheds of 2 stud farms, control measures instituted early in the epidemic confined the disease to brood mares bred by s ... | 1979 | 289808 |
| survey in central kentucky for prevalence of anoplocephala perfoliata in horses at necropsy in 1992. | a total of 118 horses was examined at necropsy in central kentucky for the tapeworm anoplocephala perfoliata. the examination period was between 28 august and 21 december 1992. prevalence was 64% for thoroughbreds (n = 81 examined) and 54% for non-thoroughbreds (n = 37 examined). the number of tapeworms per infected horse varied from one to 853. data on infections are categorized by breed, sex (n = 38 males, 8 geldings, and 72 females), age (1-31 years), and month of necropsy of the horses. | 1994 | 7886922 |
| prevalence of microfilariae (onchocerca spp) in skin of kentucky horses at necropsy. | | 1981 | 7341604 |
| descriptive epidemiology of late-term abortions associated with the mare reproductive loss syndrome in central kentucky. | epidemiological and pathological findings of 433 late-term abortions associated with the mare reproductive loss syndrome (mrls) in central kentucky were identified by reviewing the records of the university of kentucky livestock diseases diagnostic center. the distribution of dates of abortion was clustered during a brief period of time, presumably from a simultaneous environmental exposure. the most common pathological findings were microscopic pulmonary lesions consisting of squamous epithelia ... | 2003 | 12735356 |
| prevalence of strongylus vulgaris and parascaris equorum in kentucky thoroughbreds at necropsy. | at necropsy of 49 thoroughbreds from farms with generally good parasite control programs in central kentucky, examination was specifically made for presence of strongylus vulgaris in all of the horses and of parascaris equorum in 21 of them. none of the deaths of the horses was caused by infections of internal parasites. visceral arteries were examined for specimens of s vulgaris and lesions related to migrating stages of this parasite. contents of the small intestines were examined for p equoru ... | 1981 | 7341597 |
| age distribution of horses in kentucky infected with the eye worm thelazia lacrymalis. | | 1980 | 7189189 |
| parasites in kentucky thoroughbreds at necropsy: emphasis on stomach worms and tapeworms. | a total of 363 thoroughbreds (62 males, 292 females, and 9 geldings), 1 to 26 years of age, were examined at necropsy for internal parasites for about a 12-month period from february 1981 through february 1982. emphasis was on examining the stomach for nematodes and the small intestine and cecum for tapeworms. parasites recovered from the stomach and infection rates were: habronema spp--immature (24%), h muscae--adult (38%), draschia megastoma--immature (13%), d megastoma--adult (62%), and trich ... | 1983 | 6869991 |
| prevalence of anoplocephala perfoliata and lesions of draschia megastoma in thoroughbreds in kentucky at necropsy. | a total of 396 thoroughbreds (86 males, 293 females, and 17 geldings) in kentucky, 1 to 30 years of age, were examined at necropsy for presence of anoplocephala perfoliata (2 female horses were not examined) in the cecum for lesions of draschia megastoma in the stomach, during the 1-year period of mar 1, 1982 through feb 28, 1983. prevalence of a perfoliata was 53% and of lesions of d megastoma was 63%. all lesions of d megastoma were partially or entirely in the glandular region of the stomach. ... | 1984 | 6732037 |
| [equine infectious arteritis: molecular biology, epidemiology and preventative measures]. | after a brief historical account of the outbreak of infectious arteritis of horses which occurred in 1984 in kentucky (united states of america), the author reports on the present state of knowledge concerning the organisation of the genome of the virus. clinical signs of the disease are described, as well as modes and routes of transmission. finally, currently-available vaccination procedures are discussed and their value is assessed. | 1994 | 7949357 |
| transmission of some species of internal parasites in horses born in 1990, 1991, and 1992 in the same pasture on a farm in central kentucky. | studies were conducted on transmission of natural infections of several species of internal parasites in horses born and kept on the same pasture on a farm in central kentucky. data for the first year (1989) of a 4 year study on this farm have been published recently. the present research represents the second (1990), third (1991), and fourth (1992) years of the investigation. the number of animals (n = 28) examined varied from eight born in 1990 to ten each born in 1991 and 1992. for each year, ... | 1994 | 8073609 |
| epidemiology of equine cryptosporidium and giardia infections. | prevalence and infection patterns of cryptosporidium and giardia infections in horses were studied by a direct immunofluorescence staining method. faecal examinations of 222 horses of different age groups revealed cryptosporidium infection rates of 15-31% in 66 foals surveyed in central ohio, southern ohio and central kentucky, usa. only 1 of 39 weanlings, 0 of 46 yearlings, and 0 of 71 mares were positive. giardia infection was found in all age groups, although the infection rates for foals wer ... | 1994 | 8143656 |
| equine abortion and stillbirth in central kentucky during 1988 and 1989 foaling seasons. | pathologic and microbiologic examinations were performed on 1,211 aborted equine fetuses, stillborn foals, and placentas from premature foals in central kentucky during the 1988 and 1989 foaling seasons to determine the causes of reproductive loss in the mare. placentitis (19.4%) and dystocia-perinatal asphyxia (19.5%) were the 2 most important causes of equine reproductive loss. the other causes (in decreasing order) were contracted foal syndrome and other congenital anomalies (8.5%), twinning ... | 1993 | 8286455 |
| natural infections of strongyloides westeri: prevalence in horse foals on several farms in central kentucky in 1992. | during the period 28 february-1 july 1992, fecal samples were collected and examined for eggs of strongyloides westeri once from each of 382 horse foals (364 thoroughbreds, 16 standardbreds, one lippizaner, and one draft-type horse) in central kentucky. ages of the foals at the time of sampling ranged from 7 to 63 days (mean 22 days). the nine farms in the study were considered to have overall excellent deworming programs. none of the foals had been treated with an antiparasitic compound before ... | 1993 | 8291184 |
| west nile virus activity--united states, september 22-28, 2004. | during september 22-28, a total of 180 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported in the district of columbia (dc) and 24 states (alabama, arizona, california, georgia, illinois, iowa, kansas, kentucky, louisiana, maryland, michigan, minnesota, mississippi, missouri, montana, nebraska, nevada, new mexico, ohio, pennsylvania, texas, utah, wisconsin, and wyoming). | 2004 | 15457147 |
| transmission of some species of internal parasites in horses born in 1993, 1994, and 1995 on the same pasture on a farm in central kentucky. | data are presented on the last 3 years of a 7-year study (1989-1995) on transmission of natural infections of internal parasites in horse foals (n = 27) born in 1993, 1994, and 1995 on the same pasture on a farm in central kentucky. the foals were in a closed breeding herd of horses. research on the first 4 years (1989-1992) of the study was published earlier (lyons et al., 1991, 1994). thirty-five species of endoparasites were identified, including 24 species of small strongyles. monthly, seaso ... | 1997 | 9211648 |
| prevalence of anthelmintic resistant cyathostomes on horse farms. | to determine prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostome nematodes of horses in the southern united states. | 2004 | 15485051 |
| west nile virus activity--united states, october 20-26, 2004. | during october 20-26, a total of 80 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from 16 states (arizona, california, florida, iowa, kentucky, louisiana, michigan, mississippi, missouri, montana, nebraska, new york, ohio, south dakota, texas, and utah). | 2004 | 15514584 |
| external anomalies of anoplocephala perfoliata from remainder of a collection from equids in kentucky with notes on anoplocephala magna. | | 1998 | 9654001 |
| molecular epidemiologic features of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from horses. | to characterize isolates of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from horses, cattle, and sheep in colorado, kentucky, utah, and california in samples collected during perceived epidemics of infection (increased numbers of cases identified) in 2002 and 2003, and determine how closely isolates were related and their possible source. | 2004 | 15631043 |
| microbiologic and pathologic findings in an epidemic of equine pericarditis. | during the spring and summer of 2001 and in association with the mare reproductive loss syndrome, 22 terminal and 12 clinical cases of equine pericarditis were diagnosed in central kentucky. actinobacillus species were the principal isolates from 8 of 10 nontreated, terminally affected and 3 of 10 clinically affected horses. enterococcus faecalis and streptococcus zooepidemicus were cultured from the remaining 2 nontreated terminal cases. no viruses were isolated in tissue culture. nucleic acid ... | 2005 | 15690949 |
| use of a bayesian risk-mapping technique to estimate spatial risks for mare reproductive loss syndrome in kentucky. | to estimate spatial risks associated with mare reproductive loss syndrome (mrls) during 2001 among horses in a specific study population and partition the herd effects into those attributable to herd location and those that were spatially random and likely attributable to herd management. animals-pregnant broodmares from 62 farms in 7 counties in central kentucky. | 2005 | 15691030 |
| molecular genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of restricted genomic dna of strains of taylorella equigenitalis isolated in ireland and in the united states. | the profiles, after digestion with apai or noti and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), of genomic dna from 18 strains of taylorella equigenitalis isolated in ireland were of three different types. the 13 strains in one of these types gave pfge profiles identical to that of an american prototype strain, kentucky 188, but different from strain nctc11184t and from a strain isolated in japan. eight additional strains isolated in the united states gave four distinct types of genomic pfge profil ... | 1998 | 9686436 |
| current concerns about control programs in temperate climates. | efforts to control cyathostome nematodes in temperate climates have not been uniformly successful, as evidenced by contemporary reports of clinical disease and widespread anthelmintic failure. indeed, effective control is confounded by numerous factors, including ignorance of local transmission patterns, confusing or conflicting control recommendations, and use of ineffective anthelmintics or regimens. most of these problems are universal rather than being climatically unique, and it is importan ... | 1999 | 10485362 |
| efficacy of omeprazole paste in the treatment and prevention of gastric ulcers in horses. | equine gastric ulcer syndrome (egus) is very common among performance horses, with a reported prevalence of approximately 90% in racehorses, and also > 50% in foals. omeprazole, an acid pump inhibitor 5 times more potent than ranitidine, has been used with great success to treat egus. this multicentre study of thoroughbred racehorses with endoscopically verified gastric ulcers was designed to demonstrate the efficacy of an equine oral paste formulation of omeprazole in the treatment and preventi ... | 1999 | 10696301 |
| prevalence of selected species of internal parasites in equids at necropsy in central kentucky (1995-1999). | a survey to determine current prevalence of several species of endoparasites in equids (n=350) at necropsy was conducted at the livestock disease diagnostic center in central kentucky (1995-1999). thelazia lacrymalis were found in 42% of the 1- to 4-year olds (n=132), which was the only age group examined for these parasites. five- to 30-year olds (n=157), examined for onchocerca spp. worms/lesions, had a prevalence of 24%. in > or =1-year olds (n=324), the infection rate for gasterophilus intes ... | 2000 | 10936545 |
| continuance of studies on population s benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles in a shetland pony herd in kentucky: effect of pyrantel pamoate (1992-1999). | research on benzimidazole-resistant population s small strongyles began in a shetland pony herd in 1974 at the university of kentucky and has continued for over 25 years. the present update, for the period 1992-1999, evaluated activity of pyrantel pamoate (prt) in field tests in the pony herd. additional critical tests with prt and oxibendazole (obz) were done in foals born in the herd. activity of prt was initially excellent in field tests, based on epg/lpg count data, but declined rapidly duri ... | 2001 | 11137272 |
| u of l partnership helps backside workers stay healthy as a horse. | | 2006 | 16894913 |
| west nile virus activity--united states, january 1-august 15, 2006. | this report summarizes west nile virus (wnv) surveillance data reported to cdc through arbonet as of 3 a.m. mountain daylight time, august 15, 2006. a total of 26 states had reported 388 cases of human wnv illness to cdc. a total of 214 (56%) cases for which such data were available occurred in males; median age of patients was 49 years (range: 2-91 years). dates of illness onset ranged from january 6 to august 10; a total of 13 cases were fatal. a total of 68 presumptive west nile viremic blood ... | 2006 | 16915222 |
| colic surgery in 206 juvenile thoroughbreds: survival and racing results. | the purpose of our study was to determine the types of lesions that cause colic in juvenile thoroughbreds, factors associated with these lesions and the subsequent survival and athletic performance of the juveniles. the age of juvenile thoroughbreds requiring surgical exploration for abdominal pain has an influence on the type of lesion causing colic. the short-term survival rate (discharge from the hospital) after colic surgery for foals was 85% and was strongly influenced by the lesion causing ... | 2000 | 11202379 |
| use of an insect cell culture growth medium to isolate bacteria from horses with effusive, fibrinous pericarditis: a preliminary study. | effusive, fibrinous pericarditis is an uncommon disease entity in horses. in 2001, pericarditis occurred in conjunction with an epizootic in central kentucky that was associated with exposure to eastern tent caterpillars (etcs). bacterial isolation from equine pericardial fluid samples was attempted using an insect cell culture growth medium (iccgm). using previously cultured, stored frozen samples from four horses with fibrinous pericarditis, inoculation of 10% blood agar plates yielded no grow ... | 2007 | 17204376 |
| transmission of endoparasites in horse foals born on the same pasture on a farm in central kentucky (1996-1999). | research carried out during the last 4 years (1996-1999) of an 11-year study of the prevalence of internal parasites naturally transmitted to horse foals born on the same pasture on a farm in central kentucky is presented here. horses in this herd were not treated with any antiparasitic compound for over 20 years except for a replacement stallion in 1994. a total of 22 species, including 12 species of small strongyles, were recovered in the 4-year period. transmission patterns of all species (n= ... | 2001 | 11358626 |
| an equine mystery in the bluegrass. an epidemic is killing kentucky's finest foals. | | 2001 | 11383129 |
| association of soil concentrations of rhodococcus equi and incidence of pneumonia attributable to rhodococcus equi in foals on farms in central kentucky. | to determine whether soil concentrations of total or virulent rhodococcus equi differed among breeding farms with and without foals with pneumonia caused by r equi. | 2008 | 18312138 |
| diverged evolution of recent equine-2 influenza (h3n8) viruses in the western hemisphere. | we reported previously that equine-2 influenza a virus (h3n8) had evolved into two genetically and antigenically distinct "eurasian" and "american" lineages. phylogenetic analysis, using the ha1 gene of more recent american isolates, indicated a further divergence of these viruses into three evolution lineages: a south american lineage, a kentucky lineage, and a florida lineage. these multiple evolution pathways were not due to geographic barriers, as viruses from different lineages co-circulate ... | 2001 | 11504416 |
| pathological, entomological, avian and meteorological investigation of a west nile virus epidemic in a horse farm. | pathological, entomological and avian investigations were conducted during the summer of 2002, in a horse farm that had four cases of west nile virus (wnv) infection in horses. all the four horses had encephalitis and wnv infection was confirmed by rt-pcr and in situ hybridization procedure. forty-seven per cent of house sparrows that resided on the farm were tested positive for wnv infection. mosquitoes (98%culex pipiens) collected by trapping at the farm, during this period were positive for w ... | 2008 | 18397501 |
| injury during contact with horses: recent experience with 75 patients at a level i trauma center. | the objective of this study was to examine equine-related trauma at a trauma center servicing a region in which there is significant contact between horses and humans. | 2002 | 11958244 |
| case-control study of early-term abortions (early fetal losses) associated with mare reproductive loss syndrome in central kentucky. | to identify factors associated with abortions during early gestation classified as mare reproductive loss syndrome (mrls). | 2003 | 12555985 |
| amycolatopsis kentuckyensis sp. nov., amycolatopsis lexingtonensis sp. nov. and amycolatopsis pretoriensis sp. nov., isolated from equine placentas. | actinomycete strains isolated from lesions on equine placentas from two horses in kentucky and one in south africa were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. chemotaxonomic and morphological characteristics indicated that the isolates are members of the genus amycolatopsis: on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16s rdna sequences, the isolates are related most closely to amycolatopsis mediterranei. physiological characteristics of these strains indicated that they do not belong to a. med ... | 2003 | 13130055 |
| application of an automated surveillance-data-analysis system in a laboratory-based early-warning system for detection of an abortion outbreak in mares. | to develop an early-warning automated surveillance-data-analysis system for early outbreak detection and reporting and to assess its performance on an abortion outbreak in mares in kentucky. | 2009 | 19231958 |
| environmental salmonella surveillance in the ohio state university veterinary teaching hospital. | sampling was conducted at the ohio state university's veterinary teaching hospital (osu-vth) to evaluate the extent of environmental contamination with salmonella enterica, at 1-week intervals beginning march 19, 2007, through may 21, 2007. environmental samples were collected from various surface and floor locations in the equine and food animal areas using sterile moistened gauze sponges. all samples were processed using standard bacteriologic culture to identify the presence of salmonella spp ... | 2009 | 19272003 |
| nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and musculoskeletal injuries in thoroughbred racehorses in kentucky. | injuries sustained by horses during racing have been considered as an unavoidable part of horse racing. many factors may be associated with the musculoskeletal injuries of thoroughbred race horses. this study surveyed the amounts of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (nsaids) in injured horse's biological system (plasma) at kentucky racetracks from january 1, 1995 through december 31, 1996. during that period, there were 84 catastrophic cases (euthanized horses) and 126 noncatastrophic cases. ... | 2009 | 19646092 |
| prevalence of various presale radiographic findings and association of findings with sales price in thoroughbred yearlings sold in kentucky. | to estimate prevalences of various presale radiographic findings and of presale arthroscopy in horses offered for sale at the 2006 keeneland september yearling sale and to compare sales prices between yearlings with and without various presale radiographic findings or a history of arthroscopy. | 2010 | 20151870 |
| case-control study of factors associated with fibrinous pericarditis among horses in central kentucky during spring 2001. | to identify factors significantly associated with an epidemic of fibrinous pericarditis during spring 2001 among horses in central kentucky. | 2003 | 14507101 |
| critical tests evaluating efficacy of moxidectin against small strongyles in horses from a herd for which reduced activity had been found in field tests in central kentucky. | critical tests were performed in 2009 and 2010 in four 2-year-old horses naturally infected with internal parasites. the horses were from a herd (farm mc) where reduced activity of ivermectin and moxidectin on small strongyles was demonstrated previously from epg (eggs/gram of feces) data in field tests. also, in critical tests in horses from the same herd, ivermectin was less effective on immature small strongyles in the lumen of the large intestine than when the drug was first marketed. the ma ... | 2010 | 20714749 |
| botulism in foals less than 6 months of age: 30 cases (1989-2002). | botulism has been recognized as a clinical entity in foals since the 1960s. also known as "shaker foal" disease, the toxicoinfectious form of botulism affects foals, with the highest incidence in the united states seen in kentucky and the mid-atlantic region. the disease is characterized by progressive muscular weakness caused by the action of botulism neurotoxin at cholinergic neuromuscular junctions. increased number of episodes and duration of recumbency, muscular trembling, and dysphagia are ... | 2003 | 14529138 |
| population-s benzimidazole- and tetrahydropyrimidine-resistant small strongyles in a pony herd in kentucky (1977-1999): effects of anthelmintic treatment on the parasites as determined in critical tests. | population-s small strongyles have been studied since 1974 in central kentucky in a closed shetland pony breeding herd. the ponies were treated approximately every 8 weeks with cambendazole (1974-1978), oxibendazole (obz) (1978-1992), or pyrantel pamoate (prt) (1992-1999). small strongyles in the ponies have shown resistance to these compounds in field and critical tests. one purpose of this presentation was to compare different parameters for determination of effects on the small strongyle spec ... | 2003 | 14530968 |
| prevalence of parasite eggs (strongyloides westeri, parascaris equorum, and strongyles) and oocysts (emeria leuckarti) in the feces of thoroughbred foals on 14 farms in central kentucky in 2003. | prevalence of internal parasites was determined by fecal examination for eggs and oocysts in thoroughbred foals in central kentucky in 2003. fecal samples were examined from 733 foals on 14 farms. this included 70 trips to the farms and a total of 2,346 fecal samplings. monthly collection of fecal samples was begun for four farms in february, six in march, three in april, and one farm in may. termination of the study for all farms was the end of july. a criterion was that the foals be at least 1 ... | 2004 | 14760526 |
| infectivity of equine h3n8 influenza virus in bovine cells and calves. | serological evidence for influenza a, subtype h1 and h3 virus infections of bovines, associated with respiratory disease and decreased milk production, has been reported. equine h3n8 influenza virus circulates widely and was responsible for the introduction of h3n8 influenza into canines. | 2010 | 20976994 |
| alternate circulation of recent equine-2 influenza viruses (h3n8) from two distinct lineages in the united states. | phylogenetic and antigenic analyses indicate that recent circulating equine-2 influenza viruses in the united states have been alternating between two genetic and antigenic distinct lineages since 1996. the evolution rates for these two lineages, the kentucky and the florida lineage, are very similar. for the earlier isolates in the kentucky lineage, there are multiple and sequential nonsynonymous substitutions at antigenic sites b and d. however, there are no changes at any of these antigenic s ... | 2004 | 15019234 |
| the mare reproductive loss syndrome and the eastern tent caterpillar: a toxicokinetic/statistical analysis with clinical, epidemiologic, and mechanistic implications. | during 2001, central kentucky experienced acute transient epidemics of early and late fetal losses, pericarditis, and unilateral endophthalmitis, collectively referred to as mare reproductive loss syndrome (mrls). a toxicokinetic/statistical analysis of experimental and field mrls data was conducted using accelerated failure time (aft) analysis of abortions following administration of eastern tent caterpillars (etcs; 100 or 50 g/day or 100 g of irradiated caterpillars/day) to late-term pregnant ... | 2003 | 15136975 |
| west nile virus activity--united states, august 4-10, 2004. | during august 4-10, a total of 89 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from 14 states (alabama, arizona, california, florida, illinois, kentucky, louisiana, minnesota, mississippi, missouri, new mexico, north dakota, south dakota, and wyoming). | 2004 | 15306758 |
| west nile virus activity--united states, august 18-24, 2004. | during august 18-24, a total of 154 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from 18 states (alabama, arizona, california, colorado, connecticut, florida, georgia, illinois, kentucky, minnesota, mississippi, missouri, nevada, new mexico, north carolina, south dakota, tennessee, and wisconsin). | 2004 | 15329654 |
| west nile virus activity--united states, september 29-october 5, 2004. | during september 29-october 5, a total of 81 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from 18 states (alabama, arizona, arkansas, california, florida, georgia, illinois, iowa, kansas, kentucky, minnesota, missouri, ohio, oklahoma, pennsylvania, south dakota, texas, and virginia). | 2004 | 15470326 |
| Adaptation and validation of a bacteria-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of farm-specific Lawsonia intracellularis seroprevalence in central Kentucky Thoroughbreds. | Lawsonia intracellularis is the causative agent of equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE), a disease for which no large-scale seroprevalence studies have been conducted. Objectives: To validate and use an equine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for L. intracellularis to determine the seroprevalence of L. intracellularis on numerous farms. | 2011 | 22082442 |
| compounded equine drugs seized from kentucky pharmacy. | | 2004 | 15515973 |
| risk of transplacental transmission of sarcocystis neurona and neospora hughesi in california horses. | the study objective was to assess the risk of transplacental transmission of sarcocystis neurona and neospora hughesi in foals from 4 california farms during 3 foaling seasons. serum of presuckle foals and serum and colostrum of periparturient mares were tested using indirect fluorescent antibody tests for s. neurona and n. hughesi. serum antibody titers were < or =10 in 366 presuckle foals tested. there was no serologic or histologic evidence of either parasite in aborted fetuses or placentas e ... | 2004 | 15715226 |
| phylogenetic relationships of sarcocystis neurona of horses and opossums to other cyst-forming coccidia deduced from ssu rrna gene sequences. | phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the nuclear-encoded small subunit rrna (ssurrna) gene were performed to examine the origin, phylogeny, and biogeographic relationships of sarcocystis neurona isolates from opossums and horses from the state of michigan, usa, in relation to other cyst-forming coccidia. a total of 31 taxa representing all recognized subfamilies and genera of sarcocystidae were included in the analyses with clonal isolates of two opossum and two horse s. neurona. phylogen ... | 2005 | 16133298 |
| temporality of early-term abortions associated with mare reproductive loss syndrome in horses. | to characterize the temporality of dates of breeding and abortion classified as mare reproductive loss syndrome (mrls) among mares with abortions during early gestation. | 2005 | 16273913 |
| field studies on endoparasites of thoroughbred foals on seven farms in central kentucky in 2004. | fecal samples (n=1,584) for a parasite study were collected from thoroughbred foals (n=349), 28 to 330 days old, on seven farms in central kentucky during 49 monthly trips from may to october, november, or december 2004. the main purpose was to determine possible drug resistance of ascarids, also of strongyles, to ivermectin (ivm) and other commercially available compounds [fenbendazole, moxidectin (mox), oxibendazole (obz), and pyrantel pamoate]. in addition, interest was on prevalence of foal ... | 2006 | 16385405 |