| the solution structure and activity of caerin 1.1, an antimicrobial peptide from the australian green tree frog, litoria splendida. | caerin 1.1 is one of the major antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin of the australian green tree frog, litoria splendida. two-dimensional 1h-1h and 1h-13c nmr spectroscopy in trifluoroethanol/h2o (50:50, by vol.) have been used to assign the 1h and 13c-nmr spectra of this 25-amino-acid peptide. from an examination of these data, and using distance geometry and molecular dynamics calculations, the solution conformation of caerin 1.1 has been determined. the peptide adopts two well-define ... | 1997 | 9266696 |
| amphibian pheromones and endocrine control of their secretion. | amphibian sex pheromones of 3 urodele (cynops pyrrhogaster, c. ensicauda, and plethodon jordani) and 1 anuran (litoria splendida) species have been isolated and characterized and found to be either small peptides or larger proteins. each pheromone secreted by the male acts on conspecific females. endocrine control of pheromone secretion has been best studied in cynops. the c. pyrrhogaster pheromone, sodefrin, and the c. ensicauda pheromone, silefrin, are generated from their precursor proteins. ... | 2005 | 15891015 |
| activities of seasonably variable caerulein and rothein skin peptides from the tree frogs litoria splendida and litoria rothii. | two species of tree frog of the genus litoria, namely l. splendida and l. rothii have been reported to change the compositions of their host-defence skin peptide profiles in summer and winter. l. splendida produces the potent smooth muscle active caerulein [peqdy(so(3)h)tgwmdf-nh(2)] in summer, but in winter much of the caerulein is hydrolysed to the less active desulfated form; in addition, caerulein 1.2 [peqdy(so(3)h)tgwfdf-nh(2)] (which has only some 50% of the smooth muscle activity of caeru ... | 2009 | 19539637 |
| the effects of experimentally infecting australian tree frogs with lungworms (rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala) from invasive cane toads. | invasive species may transmit novel pathogens to native taxa, and lacking a history of coevolutionary interactions with the pathogen, the new hosts may be severely affected. cane toads (bufo marinus) were introduced to australia in 1935, bringing with them a lungworm (rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala) not found in australian frogs. previous studies suggest that most frog species are unaffected by this parasite, but one tree-frog (litoria caerulea) can harbour high numbers of lungworm. more detailed ... | 2011 | 21624371 |
| peptide and protein pheromones in amphibians. | purification, characterization and biological activity of urodele and anuran sex-pheromones were reviewed. female-attracting pheromones obtained from the abdominal gland of cynops pyrrhogaster and c. ensicauda males are peptides consisting of 10 amino acid residues being designated sodefrin and silefrin, respectively. each pheromone attracted only conspecific females. molecular cloning of cdnas encoding sodefrin and silefrin revealed that both are generated from precursor proteins. synthesis of ... | 2002 | 11997210 |
| isolation and characterisation of a novel bohle-like virus from two frog species in the darwin rural area, australia. | twelve captive magnificent tree frogs litoria splendida and 2 green tree frogs l. caerulea on a property in the darwin rural area (northern territory, australia) either died or were euthanased after becoming lethargic or developing skin lesions. samples from both species of frog were submitted for histopathology and virus isolation. an irido-like virus was cultured from tissue samples taken from both species and was characterised using electron microscopy, restriction enzyme digests and nucleic ... | 2012 | 22832715 |
| pathology of a bohle-like virus infection in two australian frog species (litoria splendida and litoria caerulea). | gross and histopathological examination was performed on seven captive magnificent tree frogs (litoria splendida) and one green tree frog (litoria caerulea) that had died or been humanely destroyed while naturally infected with mahaffey road virus, a bohle iridovirus-like ranavirus. necropsy examination revealed skin lesions consisting of multiple small pale or haemorrhagic papules and ulcers in most frogs. other common gross findings were perineural haemorrhage affecting the spinal nerves, hydr ... | 2015 | 25678427 |
| surface movement in water of splendipherin, the aquatic male sex pheromone of the tree frog litoria splendida. | the aquatic sex pheromone splendipherin (glvssigkalgglladvvkskgqpa-oh) of the male green tree frog litoria splendida moves across the surface of water to reach the female. surface pressure and x-ray reflectometry measurements confirm that splendipherin is a surface-active molecule, and are consistent with it having an ordered structure, whereby the hydrophilic portion of the peptide interacts with the underlying water and the hydrophobic region is adjacent to the vapour phase. the movement of sp ... | 2008 | 18494800 |
| first record of host defence peptides in tadpoles. the magnificent tree frog litoria splendida. | tadpoles of the magnificent tree frog litoria splendida produce host defence peptides early in their development and well before metamorphosis. peptides were identified and characterized using high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray mass spectrometry. no host defence peptides were identified in the eggs. the neuropeptide caerulein was detected 10 d after egg deposition, and the antibiotic peptides caerin 1.1, caerin 1.6 and caerin 3.1 first appeared at 14 d. the concentration of ... | 1998 | 9924992 |
| differences in the skin peptides of the male and female australian tree frog litoria splendida. the discovery of the aquatic male sex pheromone splendipherin, together with phe8 caerulein and a new antibiotic peptide caerin 1.10. | the skin secretions of female and male litoria splendida have been monitored monthly over a three-year period using hplc and electrospray mass spectrometry. two minor peptides are present only in the skin secretion of the male. the first of these is the female-attracting aquatic male sex pheromone that we have named splendipherin, a 25 amino acid peptide (glvssigkalgglladvvkskgqpa-oh). this pheromone constitutes about 1% of the total skin peptides during the breeding season (january to march), d ... | 2000 | 10601876 |
| new caerin antibacterial peptides from the skin glands of the australian tree frog litoria xanthomera. | the secretion of the skin glands of the 'orange-thighed frog' litoria xanthomera contains seven peptides. one of these is the know hypotensive peptide caerulein. two new peptides, caerin 1.6 [glfsvlgavakhvlphvvpviaekl(nh2)], and caerin 1.7 [glfkvlgsvakhllphvapviaekl(nh2)] show antibacterial properties. two other peptides lack the first two amino acid residues of caerins 1.6 and 1.7 and show no antibacterial activity. the identification of the peptides in litoria xanthomera confirms that this spe ... | 2004 | 9230483 |
| host-defence peptide profiles of the skin secretions of interspecific hybrid tree frogs and their parents, female litoria splendida and male litoria caerulea. | five healthy adult female first-generation hybrid tree frogs were produced by interspecific breeding of closely related tree frogs litoria splendida and l. caerulea in a cage containing large numbers of males and females of both species. phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial dna sequences established the female parent to be l. splendida. the peptide profile of the hybrid frogs included the neuropeptide caerulein, four antibiotics of the caerin 1 family and several neuronal nitric oxide synthase ... | 2006 | 16824041 |