| the nucleotide sequence and genome organization of strawberry mild yellow edge-associated potexvirus. | the nucleotide sequence (5966 nucleotides) of cdna clones of strawberry mild yellow edge-associated potexvirus was determined. the genome contains six open reading frames (orfs) encoding putative proteins with mrs of 149,423, 25,344, 11,576, 8079, 25,714 and 11,216. in the first three putative proteins and the coat protein considerable similarity was found to comparable polypeptides of the potexviruses potato virus x, clover yellow mosaic virus, narcissus mosaic virus, papaya mosaic virus, white ... | 1992 | 1339469 |
| characterization of cymbidium mosaic virus coat protein gene and its expression in transgenic tobacco plants. | cymbidium mosaic virus (cymv) is the most prevalent virus infecting orchids. here, we report the isolation of partial cdna clones encoding the genomic rna of cymv. like most of the polyadenylated monopartite positive-strand rna viruses, the open reading frame (orf) coding for the viral coat protein (cp) is located at the 3' end. the orf predicts a polypeptide chain of 220 amino acids with a molecular weight of 23,600. sequence comparison of this orf to the cp sequences of potato virus x(pvx) and ... | 1992 | 1600145 |
| probable reassortment of genomic elements among elongated rna-containing plant viruses. | the relationships of genome organization among elongated (rod-shaped and filamentous) plant viruses have been analyzed. sequences in coding and noncoding regions of barley stripe mosaic virus (bsmv) rnas 1, 2, and 3 were compared with those of the monopartite rna genomes of potato virus x (pvx), white clover mosaic virus (wclmv), and tobacco mosaic virus, the bipartite genome of tobacco rattle virus (trv), the quadripartite genome of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), and icosahedral trico ... | 1989 | 2504930 |
| nucleotide sequence of narcissus mosaic virus rna. | the nucleotide sequence of the genomic rna of narcissus mosaic virus (nmv) was deduced from a set of cdna clones and by direct sequencing of rna. the genome, with a length of 6955 nucleotides [excluding the 3'poly(a) tail], contains six open reading frames (orfs) with the capacity to code for polypeptides of more than 10k, with mr values of 186284, 25845, 13998, 11059, 26097 and 10519. the first five of these putative proteins show considerable homology to similar proteins encoded by the rnas of ... | 1989 | 2732689 |
| organization and interviral homologies of the 3'-terminal portion of potato virus s rna. | the sequence of 3553 nucleotides corresponding to the 3'-terminal region of potato virus s (pvs) has been determined from cloned cdna. the sequence obtained contains six open reading frames (orfs) encoding proteins of mr 10,734, mr 32,515, mr 7,222, mr 11,802, mr 25,092 and at least mr 41,052. the sequence of the 33k orf has been confirmed to be that of the viral coat protein gene. the nucleotide sequence of this orf was obtained from plasmids which were isolated by colony hybridization with a s ... | 1989 | 2732711 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the potexvirus white clover mosaic virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence (5845 nucleotides) of the genomic rna of the potexvirus white clover mosaic virus (wc1mv) has been determined from a set of overlapping cdna clones. forty of the most 5'-terminal nucleotides of wc1mv showed homology to the 5' sequences of other potexviruses. the genome contained five open reading frames which coded for proteins of mr 147, 417, mr 26,356, mr 12,989, mr 7,219 and mr 20,684 (the coat protein). the mr 147,417 protein had domains of amino acid sequenc ... | 1988 | 3340527 |
| organization and interviral homologies of the coat protein gene of white clover mosaic virus. | the sequence of 1612 nucleotides of the 3'-terminal region of white clover mosaic virus (wcimv) has been determined from cdna clones. the viral sense rna contains four open reading frames of mr 20,684, mr 7219, mr 12,989, and at least mr 17,000. the latter begins 5' to the sequence determined. the amino acid sequence of the open reading frame encoding the 20,684 polypeptide shows marked homology to the coat proteins of three other potexviruses. the putative coat protein gene was subcloned in a t ... | 1988 | 3341118 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of potato virus x and its homologies at the amino acid level with various plus-stranded rna viruses. | double-stranded cdna of potato virus x (pvx) genomic rna has been cloned and sequenced. the sequence [6435 nucleotides excluding the poly(a) tract] revealed five open reading frames (orfs) which were numbered one to five starting at the 5' terminus of the rna. they encoded proteins of mr 165588 (166k), 24622 (25k), 12324 (12k), 7595 (8k) and 25080 (coat protein), respectively. orfs 1 and 2 were inphase coding regions. the orf 1 product contained domains of homology with the tobacco mosaic virus ... | 1988 | 3404114 |
| purification of potato virus x, white clover mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus and ribosomes by column chromatography. | | 1973 | 4701541 |
| the coat protein subunits of potato virus x and white clover mosaic virus, a comparison of methods for determining their molecular weights and some in situ degradation products of potato virus x protein. | | 1972 | 5039023 |
| translation in vitro of ribonucleic acids from potato virus x, potato virus m and white clover mosaic virus. | ribonucleic acids from three plant viruses: potato virus x (pvx), potato virus m (pvm) and white clover mosaic virus (wclmv) have been purified and used as messengers in a wheat germ cell-free system. it was demonstrated that each of these viruses contained heavy genomic rna species of mol. wt. about 2 x 10(6), which appeared to be very efficient templates for protein synthesis in vitro. the synthesis of high-molecular-weight polypeptides: 180 x 10(3), 190 x 10(3) and 170 x 10(3) was directed by ... | 1981 | 7324703 |
| disruption of virus movement confers broad-spectrum resistance against systemic infection by plant viruses with a triple gene block. | white clover mosaic virus strain o (wclmv-o), species of the potexvirus genus, contains a set of three partially overlapping genes (the triple gene block) that encodes nonvirion proteins of 26 kda, 13 kda, and 7 kda. these proteins are necessary for cell-to-cell movement in plants but not for replication. the wclmv-o 13-kda gene was mutated (to 13*) in a region of the gene that is conserved in all viruses known to possess triple-gene-block proteins. all 10 13* transgenic lines of nicotiana benth ... | 1994 | 7937946 |
| nucleotide sequence and in vitro translation of the coat protein gene of cymbidium mosaic virus. | the nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene of cymbidium mosaic virus (cymv) has been determined from a cdna clone that encompassed the 3'-region of the virus genome. the 0.75 kb coat protein open reading frame (orf) codes for a 24kd polypeptide. the coat protein coding region was separated from the 3'-poly(a) terminal of the viral genome by an 80 base noncoding region. the derived amino acid sequence of this orf showed considerable homology with other potexvirus coat protein sequences, not ... | 1993 | 8103614 |
| sequence-, tissue-, and delivery-specific targeting of rna during post-transcriptional gene silencing. | transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing an untranslatable version of the coat protein (cp) gene from the tamarillo mosaic virus (tamv) were either resistant to tamv infection or recovered from infection. these phenotypes were the result of a post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs) mechanism that targeted tamv-cp sequences for degradation. the tamv-cp sequences were degraded when present in the wild-type tamv potyvirus, in transgene mrna, or in chimeric viral vectors based on white ... | 2002 | 12182332 |
| the complete sequence of the genomic rna of an isolate of lily virus x (genus potexvirus). | the complete sequence of the genomic rna of an isolate of lily virus x (lvx) has been determined for the first time. the isolate from the netherlands was 5823 nucleotide (nt) long excluding the 3'-poly(a) tail, making it the shortest reported potexvirus sequence. the 5'-non-coding region begins with ggaaaa like that of scallion virus x (scavx) and some isolates of cymbidium mosaic virus (cymmv), whereas those of other sequenced potexviruses probably all begin with gaaaa. the genome organisation ... | 2004 | 15578239 |
| the rx gene confers resistance to a range of potexviruses in transgenic nicotiana plants. | rx-mediated resistance was analyzed in rx-expressing transgenic nicotiana plants. the infection outcome of nine potato virus x isolates mutated at amino acid positions 121 and 127 of the coat protein (cp) confirmed the key role of these amino acids but provided a more complex picture than previously reported. in particular, in rx-expressing nicotiana spp., eliciting activity modulated by amino acid 121 was conditioned by the nature of amino acid 127. these results suggest that the specificity of ... | 2008 | 18700820 |
| activation of the salicylic acid signaling pathway enhances clover yellow vein virus virulence in susceptible pea cultivars. | the wild-type strain (cl-wt) of clover yellow vein virus (clyvv) systemically induces cell death in pea cv. plant introduction (pi) 118501 but not in pi 226564. a single incompletely dominant gene, cyn1, controls systemic cell death in pi 118501. here, we show that activation of the salicylic acid (sa) signaling pathway enhances clyvv virulence in susceptible pea cultivars. the kinetics of virus accumulation was not significantly different between pi 118501 (cyn1) and pi 226564 (cyn1); however, ... | 2009 | 19132869 |
| co-infection patterns and geographic distribution of a complex pathosystem targeted by pathogen-resistant plants. | increasingly, pathogen-resistant (pr) plants are being developed to reduce the agricultural impacts of disease. however pr plants also have the potential to result in increased invasiveness of nontarget host populations and so pose a potential threat to nontarget ecosystems. in this paper we use a new framework to investigate geographical variation in the potential risk associated with unintended release of genetically modified alfalfa mosaic virus (amv)-resistant trifolium repens (white clover) ... | 2012 | 22471074 |
| p3n-pipo of clover yellow vein virus exacerbates symptoms in pea infected with white clover mosaic virus and is implicated in viral synergism. | mixed infection of pea (pisum sativum) with clover yellow vein virus (clyvv) and white clover mosaic virus (wclmv) led to more severe disease symptoms (a phenomenon called viral synergism). similar to the mixed clyvv/wclmv infection, a wclmv-based vector encoding p3n-pipo of clyvv exacerbated the disease symptoms. infection with the wclmv vector encoding clyvv hc-pro (a suppressor of rna silencing involved in potyviral synergisms), also resulted in more severe symptoms, although to a lesser exte ... | 2014 | 24418553 |
| quantitative and qualitative involvement of p3n-pipo in overcoming recessive resistance against clover yellow vein virus in pea carrying the cyv1 gene. | in pea carrying cyv1, a recessive gene for resistance to clover yellow vein virus (clyvv), clyvv isolate cl-no30 was restricted to the initially infected cells, whereas isolate 90-1 br2 overcame this resistance. we mapped the region responsible for breaking of cyv1-mediated resistance by examining infection of cyv1 pea with chimeric viruses constructed from parts of cl-no30 and 90-1 br2. the breaking of resistance was attributed to the p3 cistron, which is known to produce two proteins: p3, from ... | 2013 | 23616656 |
| detection of new viruses in alfalfa, weeds and cultivated plants growing adjacent to alfalfa fields in saudi arabia. | a total of 1368 symptomatic plant samples showing different virus-like symptoms such as mottling, chlorosis, mosaic, yellow mosaic, vein clearing and stunting were collected from alfalfa, weed and cultivated plant species growing in vicinity of alfalfa fields in five principal regions of alfalfa production in saudi arabia. das-elisa test indicated occurrence of 11 different viruses in these samples, 10 of which were detected for the first time in saudi arabia. eighty percent of the alfalfa sampl ... | 2017 | 28855829 |
| virus infection decreases the attractiveness of white clover plants for a non-vectoring herbivore. | plant pathogens and insect herbivores are prone to share hosts under natural conditions. consequently, pathogen-induced changes in the host plant can affect herbivory, and vice versa. even though plant viruses are ubiquitous in the field, little is known about plant-mediated interactions between viruses and non-vectoring herbivores. we investigated the effects of virus infection on subsequent infestation by a non-vectoring herbivore in a natural genotype of trifolium repens (white clover). we te ... | 2012 | 22526939 |
| the potential of plant viruses to promote genotypic diversity via genotype x environment interactions. | genotype by environment (g × e) interactions are important for the long-term persistence of plant species in heterogeneous environments. it has often been suggested that disease is a key factor for the maintenance of genotypic diversity in plant populations. however, empirical evidence for this contention is scarce. here virus infection is proposed as a possible candidate for maintaining genotypic diversity in their host plants. | 2011 | 21515605 |
| post-transcriptional gene silencing as an efficient tool for engineering resistance to white clover mosaic virus in white clover (trifolium repens). | the lack of naturally occurring resistance to white clover mosaic virus (wcmv) has demanded exploration of a transgenic approach for the development of wcmv-resistant white clover plants. transgenic white clover plants producing sense (co-suppression), antisense and hairpin rna (hprna) transcripts corresponding to the wcmv replicase gene were produced and analysed at the molecular and phenotypic levels. expression of hprna and antisense transgenes provided a high level resistance to wcmv, while ... | 2009 | 19660828 |
| salicylic acid-, but not cytokinin-induced, resistance to wclmv is associated with increased expression of sa-dependent resistance genes in phaseolus vulgaris. | two-week-old phaseolus vulgaris plants, wick-fed with 1 mmol/l salicylic acid (sa) or 50 nmol/l dihydrozeatin (dhz), showed partial inhibition of the accumulation of white clover mosaic virus (wclmv) in infected primary leaves. this inhibition was measured as a decrease in the accumulation of both viral mrna and viral coat protein, especially at the early stages of infection. salicylic acid treatment resulted in moderately increased expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal), npr1, pr1 and ... | 2004 | 15128033 |
| trans-complementation of long-distance movement of white clover mosaic virus triple gene block (tgb) mutants: phloem-associated movement of tgbp1. | the triple gene block proteins (tgbp1-3) and coat protein (cp) of potexviruses are required for cell-to-cell movement. both cell-to-cell and long-distance movement of white clover mosaic virus in which individual, combinations, or all movement functions were mutated could be rescued by transgenic nicotiana benthamiana expressing complementary viral products. to address the importance of tgb functions in vascular transport, we used an experimental system based on grafted plants and trans-compleme ... | 2001 | 11543654 |
| influence of the poly(a) tail and putative polyadenylation signal on the infectivity of white clover mosaic potexvirus. | a series of mutations has been constructed in a cdna clone of white clover mosaic virus (wcimv) which decreases the poly(a) tail length of run-off transcripts from 74 to 27, 10 or zero 3'-terminal (a) residues. although transcripts with short poly(a) tails were less infectious than wild-type rna, complete removal of the (a) tail did not abolish infectivity. addition of nonviral nucleotides to the 3' terminus of transcripts with no 3'-terminal (a) residues eliminated infectivity. heterogenous-len ... | 1991 | 2024479 |
| infectious transcripts and nucleotide sequence of cloned cdna of the potexvirus white clover mosaic virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of white clover mosaic virus (wcimv) strain o has been determined and compared to the wcimv strain m sequence. the two virus strains show 12% divergence at the nucleotide level and 3% divergence at the amino acid level (open reading frames 1 to 5). two open reading frames, 10 and 21 kda, identified in the strain m sequence were not found in the strain o sequence. high levels of infectious rna transcripts were produced from a full-length cdna clone of strain o con ... | 1990 | 2353451 |
| some chemical studies on a strain of white clover mosaic virus. | | 1967 | 6017407 |