| vasculitis with hepatitis b antigenemia: long-term observation in nine patients. | the development of generalized necrotizing vasculitis in association with hepatitis b antigenemia is the first example in man of a chronic rheumatic disease presumably caused by a viral infection. this report reviews the experience in nine biopsy-proven cases of hepatitis b-associated necrotizing vasculitis followed for up to six years. the natural history of the disease is emphasized and the manifestations of patients with vasculitis who carry hepatitis b antigen are compared with those of vasc ... | 1976 | 1628 |
| experimental studies on the transmission of hepatitis b by mosquitoes. | culex tarsalis and aedes aegypti mosquitoes were fed on chimpanzees carrying hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs ag) of known infectivity and pools were tested by radioimmunoassay daily for the presence of hbs ag. hbs ag continued to be detected at low levels in mosquito tissue after digestion of the blood meal. inoculation of susceptible chimpanzees with macerated pools of a. aegypti mosquitoes at two intervals after digestion of the blood meal did not produce hepatitis or serologic evidence of he ... | 1976 | 9000 |
| polyarteritis nodosa with hb antigens. | | 1976 | 10558 |
| hepatitis b virus and associated pathology. | | 1976 | 10617 |
| immunochemical and morphological studies of hepatitis b core antigen isolated from the nuclei of hepatocytes. | immunochemical and morphological properties of hepatitis b core antigen (hbc ag) were studied in intranuclear particles isolated from human liver. immunochemical integrity of the purified particles was indicated in the production by guinea pigs of antibody to hbc ag (anti-hbc) that was immunochemically identical to human anti-hbc. the hbc ag particles were 27-30 nm in diameter, displayed apparent icosahedral symmetry, and consisted of distinct subunits. the susceptibility of hbc ag particles to ... | 1977 | 15037 |
| immune complexes of hepatitis b surface antigen in the pathogenesis of periarteritis nodosa. a study of seven necropsy cases. | in 7 unselected necropsy cases of clinically diagnosed periarteritis nodosa, the detection of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and hepatitis b core antigen (hbcag) in the cytoplasm and nuclei of hepatocytes indicated an ongoing infection with hepititis b virus (hbv). in all these cases histologic changes found in the liver varied from "minimal" to chronic aggressive hepatitis. in all the cases, deposits of hbsag, immunoglobulins, beta1c-globulin and c1q were detected in vascular lesions. that ... | 1978 | 24342 |
| arthritis and hepatitis. | the evidence relating four clinically distinct rheumatologic syndromes to infection by the hepatitis b virus is reviewed. acute hepatitis b is not infrequently heralded by a prodromal rash and rheumatoidlike polyarthritis. chronic active hepatitis b more rarely is associated with transient arthritis or arthralgias. polyarteritis nodosa may be a manifestation of hepatitis b infection in as many as 40 percent of cases, and recently the syndrome of "essential" mixed cryoglobulinemia has also been l ... | 1979 | 33489 |
| influence of different disinfection conditions on the structure of the hepatitis b virus (dane particle) as evaluated in the morphological alteration and disintegration test (madt). | | 1978 | 34296 |
| extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis b virus infection. | | 1979 | 37191 |
| summary of an international workshop on hepatitis b vaccines. | | 1979 | 41877 |
| the localization of hepatitis viruses in tissues. | | 1979 | 43841 |
| [periarteritis nodosa in an addict with a hepatitis b injection (author's transl)]. | the authors describe a case of a drug addict with a hepatitis b who was found to have periarteritis nodosa and a nephrotic syndrome. the course was rapidly fatal and autopsy confirmed the diagnosis. this new case questions the hypothesis suggested of possible toxicity of hard drugs (especially the amphetamines) as being an etiological factor for periarteritis nodosa observed in addicts. hepatitis b virus, which is involved in the etiology of periarteritis nodosa and some nephrotic syndromes (als ... | 1979 | 44162 |
| hepatitis b virus-induced immune complex disease. | | 1979 | 44376 |
| [studies on the serological manifestation of the hepatitis b-virus-infections in the republic of liberia (author's transl)]. | the prevalence of hepatitis b virus infections was examined in four groups from liberia using radioimmunoassays for hbsag, anti-hbs and anti-hbc. at the age of 15-19 years 90% have been infected, at the age of 40 years 100%. in a rubber plantation 30% had hbsag, in the remaining 3 groups only 13% were hbsag-positive. in the first group onchocerciasis was also a more frequent finding. however the parasitic infection was not the cause of the hbs-antigenemia. the hbsag-concentration is mostly lower ... | 1979 | 44626 |
| incidence and nature of cytoplasmic hepatitis b antigen in hepatocytes. | hepatitis b antigen (hb ag) in the hepatocytic cytoplasm is detected by immunofluorescence after reaction with fluoresceinated antiserum to hb ag or by electron microscopy as numerous 20- to 30-nm. tubular and circular structures in dilated cisternae of excess endoplasmic reticulum. on light microscopy, these hepatocytes can be recognized because their cytoplasm has a ground-glass appearance and stains with gomori's aldehyde fuchsin. aldehyde fuchsin-positive ground-glass hepatocytes were detect ... | 1975 | 46330 |
| severe viral hepatitis type b in infancy;. | fourteen infants aged from 2 to 5 months were admitted to hospital with acute viral hepatitis. their clinical presentation ranged from severe disease to fulminant hepatitis. in all patients the prothrombin-time was 10% or less of normal and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and bilirubin were increased. in eight cases liver-biopsy specimens were obtained during liver failure and showed a widespread necrosis without inflammatory cells. hepatitis-b-surface antigen (hbsag) and antibody (hbsab) we ... | 1975 | 47420 |
| letter: infectivity of blood containing hepatitis-b antibody. | | 1975 | 47509 |
| hb antigen: incidence of 'ad' and 'ay' subdeterminants among blood donors. | | 1975 | 47665 |
| indian childhood cirrhosis. | | 1975 | 47794 |
| the incidence of hepatitis-b-antigen and anti-hepatitis-b among blood donors in ndola, zambia. | hepatitis-b antigen (hbsag) was detected in the sera of 29 or 250 (11.6%) blood donors in ndola, zambia, most of whom were prisoners or students. the incidence among prisoners was 15.1%, among students only 1.6%. thirteen sera were subtyped, nine carried the y and four the d antigenic determinant. although there was a marked difference in the incidence of hbs antigen between prisoners and students, when donors were tested for antibody to hbsag (anti-hbs) this positive. overall, anti-hbs was dete ... | 1975 | 49111 |
| hepatitis b antigen, alpha1 fetoprotein and liver disease in the eastern highlands of papua new guinea. | the sera from 89 patients from the eastern higlands of papua new guinea, all with histologically diagnosed liver disease, were tested for hepatitis b antigen (hb ag) and hepatitis b antibody (hb ab) and alpha1 fetoprotein (afp) by a variety of techniques which included radioimmunoassay. in the three main forms of liver disease, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatoma, hb ag was found with a higher frequency than in patients with non specific liver disease. the frequency of hb ab was decreased in ... | 1975 | 49112 |
| the clinical significance of hepatitis b virus antigens and antibodies. | there are two well-characterized antigen-antibody systems which relate specificially to viral hepatitis b. tests for hbsag and anti-hbs are readily available and of great benefit to the diagnosis, prevention and understanding of hepatitis b. tests for hbcag and anti-hbc are still research techniques which requires further development before they can be used at the level of everyday medical practice. hbsag in an individual indicates that he harbors the virus of hepatitis b; it may be present in t ... | 1975 | 49464 |
| letter: hepatitis-b-virus infection and active chronic hepatitis. | | 1975 | 49595 |
| letter: evidence of exposure to hepatitis-b surface antigen in a burns unit. | | 1975 | 49640 |
| antibody to hepatitis-b core antigen in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma. | antibody to hepatitis-b core antigen (anti-hbc) was assayed in the serum of patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (p.h.c.) and controls from hong kong, west africa, and the united states. in each region the prevalence of anti-hbc was higher in p.h.c. patients than in controls, ranging from 70 to 95% in the patients and from 20 to 68% in the controls from asia and africa; 24% of p.h.c. patients and 4% of controls from the u.s. had anti-hbc. these data support the hypothesis that chronic infec ... | 1975 | 49648 |
| editorial: non-a, non-b? | | 1975 | 49656 |
| hepatitis-b virus and indian childhood cirrhosis. | the surface and core componenets of hepatitis-b virus have not been detected in livers of patients suffering from indian childhood cirrhosis using procedures such as immunoperoxidase, immunofluorescence, and orcein staining as well as electronmicroscopy. this finding, together with the other features of the disease, suggests that infection by this virus plays no significant role in the aetiology of indian childhood cirrhosis. | 1975 | 49699 |
| [prevention of the post-transfusion hepatitis]. | for prophylaxis of posttransfusion hepatitis three procedures can be considered: 1. recognition of "infectious" blood donors, 2. elimination of the infectious agent from the blood units (or blood derivatives), 3. protection of the recipient by immunophrophylaxis. among all available methods screening of blood donors for hepatitis b antigen (hb-sag) by a sensitive test (e.g. radioimmunoassay or reversed passive hemagglutination) is presently the most efficient. despite this precaution it can be e ... | 1975 | 49924 |
| hepatitis-b immunoglobulin in prevention of hbs antigenaemia in haemodialysis patients. | in a double-blind study, hepatitis-b immunoglobulin significantly protected patients in a haemodialysis unit against the development of hbs antigenaemia, compared to control patients receiving normal human immunoglobulin (p less than 0-01). injections were given at the beginning and after 6 months, and observations extended over 16 months. analysis of antihbc and anti-hbs antibodies suggested that neutralisation of the virus inoculum, as well as modification of infection, may be implicated in th ... | 1975 | 51188 |
| integrator enzyme hypothesis for replication of hepatitis-b virus. | a hypothetical model for the replication of hepatitis-b virus is presented. it is suggested that the d.n.a. polymerase associated with dane particles facilitates integration of viral d.n.a. into the genome of the liver cell. the viral d.n.a. is then replicated with the host genome. the hypothesis accounts for certain curious experimental and clinical observations and makes several predictions which are amenable to laboratory investigation. | 1975 | 51241 |
| serology and epidemiology. | | 1975 | 51538 |
| promising developments in viral hepatitis. | | 1975 | 51539 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis associated with intravenous injection of factor-viii concentrate. | an outbreak of jaundice associated with three out of four batches of a commercial brand of freeze-dried factor-viii concentrate occurred at the bournemouth haemophilia centre between april and june, 1974. seven cases of non-b hepatitis and four of hepatitis b occurred within 6 months of the first use of this product. two patients contracted both types of hepatitis; thus nine patients became ill out of a total of twenty regularly seen at the centre, eighteen of whom received commercial factor-vii ... | 1975 | 51975 |
| letter: unresolved hepatitis in a patient with hepatitis a and b. | | 1975 | 52074 |
| letter: seroepidemiology of hepatitis-b infections. | | 1975 | 52075 |
| letter: e antigen in hbs ag-carrier mothers. | | 1975 | 52116 |
| [viral hepatitis b (serum hepatitis). ii. laboratory study]. | | 1975 | 52124 |
| some epidemiological and clinical aspects of hepatitis b antigen and its subtypes. | the close association between hepatitis b antigen (hbag) and the infectious agent of hepatitis b is clear. many investigations have shown hbag to be a useful tool for epidemiological studies of hepatitis b. the relation between hbag and the postulated hepatitis b virus (hbv) is as yet not clear. in light of recent results a possible candidate could be the so-called dane particle, which has hbag reactivity on the surface, but possesses an antigenically distinct core. the core has been shown to ha ... | 1975 | 52189 |
| [nature, character, occurrence, and demonstration of hepatitis b antigens (author's transl)]. | the morphological, chemical and physical properties of hbag suggest that the 42 nm component of the antigen, the dane particle, represents the agent of viral hepatitis b. its core contains a circular, double stranded dna, a dna polymerase and carried hbc-ag. hbc-ag is localized on the 21 nm particle, the tubular structures and the surface of the dane particles. at least 8 different subdeterminants of hbs-ag could be distinguished by means of specific animal anti-sera. hbs-ag activity was demonst ... | 1975 | 52590 |
| [morphological characteristics and pattern of hepatitis b antigen expression in liver tissue in acute and chronic forms of hepatitis (author's transl)]. | immunofluorescent and electron microscopic methods allow the localization of hepatitis virus b-components at the cytologic and histologic level. the acute and chronic forms of viral hepatitis are re-evaluated in the light of these new findings. in hb-ag-positive hepatitis four types of correlation between the expression pattern of hg-ag components and different forms of hepatitis are recognized which are of diagnostic and prognostic relevance (elimination type, immunosuppression type, aggression ... | 1975 | 52591 |
| acute and chronic hepatitis in adolescents. | | 1975 | 52765 |
| evidence against breast-feeding as a mechanism for vertical transmission of hepatitis b. | a follow-up study of 147 babies born to mothers known to be carriers of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) revealed no evidence for a relationship between breast-feeding and the subsequent development of antigenaemia in the babies. all babies were tested at three or more months of age, and the mean age at last follow-up was eleven months with a mean of three serum specimens per baby (not counting cord-blood specimens). the frequency of acquisition of hbsag and anti-hbs was almost identical amon ... | 1975 | 52772 |
| letter: the nature of hepatitis-b virus. | | 1975 | 52807 |
| hepatitis b antigen - an incomplete history. | hepatitis b virus still cannot be grown in an in vitro system; therefore, research into hepatitis b antigen (hb ag) is limited to laboratory methods such as serology, electron microscopy, and biochemistry. these have established the presence of two distinct antigenic components of hb ag, that associated with the small forms and the outer covering of the dane particle (hbs ag), and that of the dane particle core (hbc ag). current findings make it almost certain that the dane particle represents ... | 1975 | 53003 |
| biophysical and biochemical characterization of hepatitis b antigen. | hepatitis b surface antigens specified by the genome of the hepatitis b virus are shared by various particulate forms which circulate in the sera of chronic hbs ag carriers. as purified from sera, hbs ag consists of at least seven polypeptides, two of which appear to be glycoproteins. most or all of these polypeptides contain both group-specific (a) and subtype-specific (d or y) determinants aspart of their structure. one particulate form, the dane particle, is present as a minor component in mo ... | 1975 | 53004 |
| biophysical and biochemical properties of purified preparations of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs ag). | two antigenically distinct subtypes, adw and ayw, of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs ag), have been purified from the plasma of anicteric hepatitis patients. biophysical studies of these purified preparations revealed considerable heterogeneity in their overall surface charge, morphology and molecular weights. chemical studies revealed that the composition of the particles is complex in that four to six different polypeptides and three glycoproteins were identified. in addition, cholesterol, th ... | 1975 | 53005 |
| structural and immunoreactive characteristics of hepatitis b core antigen. | the ultrastructural study of liver tissues from 38 patients with type b viral hepatitis consistently showed the presence of hepatitis b core antigen of 21-25 nm size in the liver cell nuclei and to a lesser extent in the cytoplasm. this finding and the demonstration of the tubular form of hepatitis b surface antigen in the proliferative degranulated endoplasmic reticulum constituted the etiologic criterion for the diagnosis of the disease. the double-shelled dane-like particles were frequently f ... | 1975 | 53006 |
| hepatitis b antigen subtypes-history, significance and immunogenicity. | initial work showed that all hepatitis b surface antigens (hbs ag) were identical. subsequent, additional studies revealed that hepatitis b surface antigens have a group reactive determinant, a, plus additional specificities which are not universally present on all antigens. four well-defindd subtypes of hbs ag exist (hbs ag/adw, hbs ag/ayw, hbs ag/adr, hbs ag/ayr) but additional subtypes will be forthcoming as newly described determinants are confirmed. the subtype specificities are determined ... | 1975 | 53007 |
| serotypes of hepatitis b antigen (hbs ag): the problem of "new" determinants, as exemplified by "t". | the principal antigenic determinants of hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbs ag) are specified by distinct genotypes of hepatitis-b virus (hbv). this hypothesis still stands undisproven. these specificities include the common antigen(s), called a, and two pairs of subdeterminants, d/y and w/r. the members of each pair are in general mutually exclusive, resulting in four "primary" phentoypes of hbs ag: adw, adr, ayw, and ayr. the newer "a(w) subcategories" probably also reflect differences in viral g ... | 1975 | 53008 |
| hepatitis b surface antigen and human serum proteins. | the purification of hbs ag is briefly discussed with emphasis on the immunochemical characterization of the resulting preparations. results of experimental work in various laboratories aimed at establishing presence or absence of human serum proteins as integral parts of (highly purified) hbs ag particles do not yet allow definite conclusions. | 1975 | 53009 |
| antibody to hepatitis b core antigen. | two distinct antigen-antibody systems are associated with the hepatitis b virus (hbv): hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs ag) and antibody (anti-hbs) and the more recently described hepatitis b core antigen (hbc ag) and antibody (anti-hbc). testing of serial serum samples from patients with type b hepatitis demonstrates the regular occurrence of anti-hbc during the course of this disease. in general, highest titers of anti-hbc are seen with prolonged circulation of hbs ag as in the chronic carrier ... | 1975 | 53010 |
| hepatitis b surface antigen and liver cell carcinoma. | the frequency distribution of hbs ag in different parts of the world reveals a relatively high frequency among healthy members of population groups inhabiting areas of high incidence of liver cell carcinoma. similar high frequencies of hbs ag are also found in those areas where macronodular cirrhosis is relatively common and is usually complicated by liver cell carcinoma. in geographic areas with low incidence of liver cell carcinoma and macronodular cirrhosis, a relatively low frequency of hbs ... | 1975 | 53011 |
| relationship of hepatitis a antigen to viral hepatitis. | progress in research on hepatitis type a has begun to accelerate because of the recent discovery of an antigen associated specifically with hepatitis type a infection and the development of tests for antibody to the antigen. hepatitis a antigen is associated with 27 nm virus-like particles found in the liver and stool of animals experimentally infected with hepatitis type a and in the stool of humans experimentally or naturally infected with the virus. the density of the particulate antigen when ... | 1975 | 53012 |
| mode of inhibition of herpes simplex virus dna polymerase by phosphonoacetate. | phosphonoacetate is a highly specific inhibitor of herpes simplex virus-induced dna polymerase. sensitivity of herpesvirus type 1 or type 2 induced dna polymerase to the drug was similar. however, dna polymerases from other sources such as the host cells (wi-38), micrococcus luteus, and hepatitis b virus were highly resistant. in addition, escherichia coli rna polymerase and reverse transcriptase of rous sarcoma virus were also insensitive to the drug. enzyme kinetic studies showed that inhibiti ... | 1975 | 53071 |
| clinical and serological analysis of transfusion-associated hepatitis. | of 108 prospectively followed, multiply transfused, open-heart-surgery patients, 12 (11%) developed hepatitis. patients received only volunteer donor blood tested for hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbsag) prior to transfusion by counterelectrophoresis (c.e.p.). 4 of the 12 patients developed hepatitis-b-virus infection. subsequent testing of donor serums by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (r.i.a.) revealed that an r.i.a.-positive, c.e.p.-negative blood unit was transfused to 3 of the 4 type-b hepatit ... | 1975 | 53329 |
| chronic liver disease developing after outbreak of hbsag-negative hepatitis in haemodialysis unit. | chronic liver disease developing after acute hepatitis type b is well documented, but is not thought to occur after acute hepatitis due to other viruses. however, follow-up of 29 patients in a haemodialysis unit who contracted hbsag-negative acute hepatitis during 1968-70 revealed 8 cases with raised serum-aminotransferase levels dating from that time. liver biopsy in 7 of these disclosed chronic aggressive hepatitis in 3, of whom 2 had already progressed to advanced cirrhosis. chronic persisten ... | 1975 | 53371 |
| letter: hepatitis-b virus infection of children born to mothers with severe hepatitis. | | 1975 | 53570 |
| letter: vertical transmission of hepatitis-b surface antigen. | | 1975 | 53695 |
| antigenic subgroups of hepatitis b (surface) antigen in berlin (west) and their epidemiological aspects. | sera of 334 hepatitis b patients and 118 sera of hbsag carriers were tested for the distribution of the subgroups ad and ay by means of rheophoresis technique or solid phase radiommunoassay. the distribution of subgroups revealed a typical pattern. the ad-antigen determinant was more frequent in hepatitis b patients, blood donors and hemodialysis patients whereas the ay determinant was detected in drug users, guest workers and juveniles at a considerably higher percentage. the difference in dist ... | 1975 | 53969 |
| spread of hepatitis-b infections. a seroepidemiologic study. | a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (r.i.a.), allowing simultaneous detection and quantitation either of hb, ag or of anti-hbs, was applied to check the spread of hepatitis-b virus (h.b.v.) infections in various groups of population. r.i.a. procedures were also used to validate positive reactions and to determine the subtype specificity of sera. the overall prevalence of neutralizing anti-hbs in tested sera was almost 4-fold higher, although generally at rather low titres, than prevalence of hbs ag. ... | 1975 | 54186 |
| a new hepatitis b virus surface antigen. | a new determinant of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs ag), g, which is distinct from the previously identified determinants a, d, y, w, and r, was studied. this new antigen tended to be associated with the d antigen; it was found in 97% of ad specimens and in 15% of ay specimens. with few exceptions, the atypical subtypes, adg- and ayg+, were identified in sera from blood donors, but not in sera from patients with acute viral hepatitis; this finding possibly reflects a reduced tendency of these ... | 1976 | 54396 |
| approaching the control of viral hepatitis type b. | | 1976 | 54398 |
| letter: hepatitis-b antibody in polymyalgia rheumatica. | | 1976 | 54548 |
| two immunologic reactions in the pathogenesis of hepatitis? | | 1976 | 54877 |
| localization of hepatitis b surface antigen in conventional paraffin sections of the liver. comparison of immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase, and orcein staining methods with regard to their specificity and reliability as antigen marker. | hepatitis b antigen (hbag) has been demonstrated in conventional formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver tissue by peroxidase and fluorescent immunostaining as well as by orcein. complete locational and morphologic identity is seen between material stained by specific immunologic methods and by orcein. the antigen is restricted to the cytoplasm and is generally observed in the hepatocyte; it is present in three morphologic forms. certain morphologic forms can even be identified in hematoxylin and ... | 1975 | 55076 |
| letter: detection of e antigen by immunofluorescence in cytoplasm of hepatocytes of hbsag carriers. | | 1976 | 55751 |
| efficacy of prophylactic gamma-globulin in preventing non-a, non-b post-transfusion hepatitis. | of 279 cardiac-surgery patients receiving a mean of twelve transfusions, 47 had significantly increased transaminase concentrations 14 to 180 days postoperatively and 10 were icteric. preoperatively, each patient randomly received high-titre hbsab gamma-globulin, normal gamma-globulin, or placebo and was followed at intervals for 9 months. only 3 patients had serological evidence of hepatitis-b infection. 3 additional patients had serological evidence of cytomegalovirus infection, while none had ... | 1976 | 55838 |
| relation of e antigen to hepatitis b virus infection in an area of hyperendemicity. | a study of the e determinant of hepatitis b surface antigen in an area of hepatitis b hyperendemicity revealed that the presence of e antigen or of antibody to e in the sera of individuals was specifically related to evidence of past or present infection with hepatitis b virus. among asymptomatic long-term carriers of hepatitis b surface antigen, presence of the e antigen was associated with elevated levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases in serum; this observation suggested that the ... | 1976 | 56411 |
| identification of additional antigenic sites on dane particles and the tubular forms of hepatitis b surface antigen. | additional antigenic sites, distinct from those present on spherical 20 nm diam. particles of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), are exposed on the surface of dane particles and tubular forms of hbsag. the immunological relationship of these sites to e-antigen, an antigen detected earlier in hbsag-positive sera from patients with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis or acute hepatitis but not in healthy hbsag-carriers, was established by immune electron microscopy and affinity chromatography. these fi ... | 1976 | 56422 |
| an epidemic of infantile papular acrodermatitis (gianotti's disease) in japan associated with hepatitis-b surface antigen subtype ayw. | an epidemic of infantile papular acrodermatitis (i.p.a.) (gianotti's disease) occurred in matsuyama city, in south-east japan in 1974-75. patients ages ranged from less than one year to eight years. hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbsag) was detected by an immune adherence haemagglutination method in the serum samples of 48 of the 54 patients tested. hbsag subtypes were determined by a haemagglutination-inhibition method. ayw antigens were identified in 42 patients and adr antigens in 3; it was not ... | 1976 | 56530 |
| seroepidemiological study of hbv infections in athens, greece. | a seroepidemiological survey of a sample-roughly representative by age and sex - of 2744 persons of the greater athens area revealed that hepatitis b virus (hbv) infections are highly endemic in greece. hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was detected in 72(2-6%) of them. the subtype was identified in 70 of the 72 carriers, and 69 were ay; the other was ad. determinant w was present in all 61 that were capable of being typed further, and a23y(w) was twice as common as a11y(w). antibody to hbsag ... | 1976 | 57193 |
| letter: infectivity of serum containing hbsag and antibody to e antigen. | | 1976 | 57433 |
| recent advances in viral hepatitis: part i. | | 1976 | 57645 |
| [prophylaxis of viral hepatitis]. | | 1975 | 57897 |
| [can therapeutic measures cause a hepatitis virus infection to become chronic? (author's transl)]. | the question whether a hepatitis b virus infection can become chronic as a result of prophylactic or therapeutic measures is investigated. experience with standard or hepatitis b gamma-globulin has shown no negative influence on the development of chronic hepatitis b virus infections. on the other hand it cannot be excluded that a hepatitis b virus infection may be so modified by steroid therapy, by immunosuppressive or cytostatic treatment that the disease runs a milder course and then tends to ... | 1976 | 58376 |
| viral hepatitis. | | 1976 | 58754 |
| detection of surface and core antigens of hepatitis b virus in the liver of 164 human subjects. a study by immunoperoxidase and orcein staining. | the surface (hbsag) and core (hbcag) antigens of hepatitis b virus (hbv) have been searched by optic microscopy in the liver specimens from patients hospitalized for various conditions and from 38 hgsag chronic carriers. the study was done blindly using shikata et al.'s orcein staining on fixed and frozen material and direct immunoperoxidase on frozen material with antisera specific for surface (anti-hbs) and core (anti-hbc) antigens of hbv. no liver staining could be found in the 98 hbsag seron ... | 1976 | 58802 |
| hepatitis-b vaccine. safety criteria and non-b infection. | | 1976 | 59027 |
| behaviour of e antigen and antibody during chronic active liver disease. relation to hb antigen-antibody system and prognosis. | serial determinations of e antigen and e antibody were made in 20 patients with chronic active liver disease and hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbsag) or antibody (anti-hbs). the presence of e antigen was associated with failure to clear hbsag, produce anti-hbs, or respond to treatment with steroids. it is proposed that the presence of the e antigen is associated with impaired host immune responses to hepatitis-b virus infection and a poor prognosis. | 1976 | 59188 |
| differential distribution of hepatitis b surface antigen and hepatitis b core antigen in the liver of hepatitis b patients. | one hundred liver biopsies from 100 patients with clinical presumptive diagnosis of hepatitis were examined by immunofluorescence for the presence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and hepatitis b core antigen (hbcag). of the 60 hbsag-positive livers, 51 were diagnosed as chronic hepatitis on histological grounds, 6 as acute hepatitis, and 3 as "near-normal liver." from the 60 tissue-positive cases, 3 subjects were hbsag seronegative. hbcag was detected in 44 livers, all of which also had h ... | 1976 | 59675 |
| primary carcinoma of the liver. | primary carcinoma of the liver is rare in western countries but it is a common malignant tumour in many parts of the tropics. much has been learnt in recent years about its pathology, manifestations, and aetiology that is relevant to the whole field of oncology. the important distinction between carcinomas of liver-cell and bile-duct origin, the phenomenon of alpha-fetoprotein production, and the role of cirrhosis are discussed in the context of newly discovered aetiological factors such as gona ... | 1976 | 60075 |
| hepatitis-b: a review. | the recent literature on various aspects of hepatitis-b is reviewed with emphasis on the interrelationships of viral structure, antigenic components, and host immune response in acute, chronic, and asymptomatic carrier states of the infection. the mode of replication and mechanisms of transmission are discussed. special attention is paid to potential non-parenteral routes of spread. the role of hepatitis-b in associated immune complex diseases and in hepatoma is outlined. a guide to the interpre ... | 1976 | 60200 |
| administration of human fibroblast interferon in chronic hepatitis-b infection. | one patient with hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive chronic aggressive hepatitis, and two chimpanzee carriers of hbsag, were each given seven doses of 10(7) i.u. of human fibroblast interferon over two weeks. the main differnce observed after treatment was a depression of the nucleocapsid hepatitis-0 core antigen in the liver, indicating that hepatitis-b virus infection is sensitive to interferon. except for a short febrile reaction, no undesirable effects were seen after the administr ... | 1976 | 60513 |
| predicting progression of acute type-b hepatitis to chronicity. | | 1976 | 60583 |
| host responses to hepatitis-b infection in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma and their families. a case/control study in senegal, west africa. | a case/control study of patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (p.h.c.) and their families was carried out in dakar, senegal. 28 p.h.c. cases were matched by age,sex, and ethnic group with 28 controls. serum was collected from cases, controls, parents (28 mothers, 27 fathers) of cases, parents of controls, 71 siblings of cases, and 58 siblings of controls. assays of their sera for hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbsag), antibody to hbsag (anti-hbs) and antibody to hepatitis-b core antigen (anti-hb ... | 1976 | 60621 |
| letter: decreasing frequency of e antigen with age in serum of symptom-free carriers of hepatitis b antigen. | | 1976 | 60656 |
| [hepatitis: an international problem (author's transl)]. | three kinds of virus hepatitis are recognized today: hepatitis a, b, and "non a-nonb". hepatitis a is transmitted mainly by the anal-oral route, hepatitis b and probably also the third form of hepatitis principally by direct inoculation or close physical contact. normal human immune serum globulin protects against hepatitis a, but only gives limited protection against hepatitis b and "non a-non b" hepatitis. special immune serum globulin provides better protection but it is only available in sma ... | 1976 | 60698 |
| intrahepatic localization of the surface (hbsag) and core (hbcag) antigenic determinants associated with hepatitis b virus in biopsy samples from patients with liver disease. | 109 biopsy samples from 35 hbag serologically positive and 74 negative patients were examined by ifl for the presence of the surface and core antigenic determinants associated with the dane particle. in no serologically negative case was specific ifl detected. different patterns were observed in serologically positive patients: negative in acute hepatitis, strongly positive cytoplasmic hbs fluorescence in chronic hbag carriers with normal liver, and discrete hbsag parenchymal and mesenchymal sta ... | 1976 | 60776 |
| passive immunization against exposure to hepatitis b virus in the military: potential and possibilities. | | 1976 | 60830 |
| detection of e antigen and antibody: correlations with hapatitis b surface and hepatitis b core antigens, liver disease, and outcome in hepatitis b infections. | testing for e antigen and antibody (anti-e) was performed by immunodiffusion and counterelectrophoresis in patients with polyarteritis nodosa fulminant hepatitis, and chronic active hepatitis (cah), in 59 asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) who underwent liver biopsy, and in 150 carriers followed with sequential sgpt determinations. counterelectrophoresis was more sensitive that immunodiffusion. neither e antigen nor anti-e was found in the absence of hbsag. among hcsag- ... | 1976 | 61146 |
| modification of chronic hepatitis-b virus infection in chimpanzees by administration of an interferon inducer. | chimpanzees chronically infected with hepatitis-b virus showed transient changes in several markers of infection when treated with the interferon inducer polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid-poly-l-lysine carboxymethyl cellulose. serum dane-particle-associated d.n.a. polymerase, e antigen and hepatitis-b surface antigen, and intrahepatic hepatitis-b surface and core antigens diminished during treatment. defective (d.n.a.-polymerase-negative) dane particles increased in titre transiently durin ... | 1976 | 61440 |
| [detection and prognostic significance of ag "e" and its antibody in the course of hb virus infections[]. | a new antigen antibody system the e ag and ab has been investigated by immunodiffusion and counterelectrophoresis in the serum of 509 subjects. those included 242 patients with polyarteritis, acute chronic or fulminant hepatitis; 85 hemodialysis hbs ag carriers and 182 asymptomatic hbs ag carrier blood donors. neither e ag nor anti- e were detected in any of the non hepatitis b virus associated cases. counterelectrophoresis was found to be more sensitive than immunodiffusion and detected either ... | 1976 | 61579 |
| the virus of hepatitis, type b (first of two parts). | | 1976 | 62280 |
| structure and nature of hepatitis b antigen. | | 1976 | 62373 |
| induction of antibody to the "y" determinant of hbsag in a chimpanzee carrier of hbsag subtype "adw". | antibody to the y determinant of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was induced in a chimpanzee chronically infected with hepatitis b virus and circulating hbsag subtype adw. the chimpanzee was immunized with purified preparations of hbsag subtypes adw and ayw. six weeks after immunization, antibody to hbsag (anti-hbs) specific for the y determinant, appeared. no change occurred in titers of hbsag or antibody to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc) and "e" antigen remained detectable. the circul ... | 1976 | 62804 |
| current status of post-transfusion hepatitis. | | 1976 | 63244 |
| the prevention of viral hepatitis. | studies with heat-inactivated ms-2 serum have indicated that active immunization against hepatitis b infection can be achieved even though the virus has not been cultivated in tissue culture. the development of new biophysical, biochemical and immunological techniques has increased knowledge of the hepatitis b virus and its associated antigens. in the wake of these recent developments the accumulating evidence indicates that active immunization could be achieved by the use of purified hepatitis ... | 1976 | 63266 |
| coincident hepatitis b surface antigen and antibodies of different subtypes in human serum. | three patients with simultaneously detectable hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and antibody (anti-hbs) in their sera were studied for subtypes of hbsag and anti-hbs. in each case anti-hbs was found to be directed to a different subtype than that of the circulating hbsag, indicating that reinfection (or simultaneous infection) with a second subtype occurred. | 1977 | 63520 |
| [the core antigen of hepatitis b virus]. | | 1976 | 64022 |
| viral hepatitis research leading towards control by vaccination. | | 1976 | 64239 |