| 1-14c-n-hexadecane disposition in the spiny lobster, panulirus argus and the american lobster, homarus americanus. | 1-14c-n-hexadecane, a model compound for the non-volatile aliphatic hydrocarbon components of crude oil, was administered by intrapericardial injection to the spiny lobster, panulirus argus, and the clawed or american lobster, homarus americanus. experiments were conducted in florida (spiny lobster) and maine (american lobster). the animals were sacrificed at various times from 0.5 hr to 8 wks after administration of the dose. the tissues and fluids were analyzed for 14c content by digestion or ... | 1986 | 3783435 |
| the structure of the stomatogastric neuromuscular system in callinectes sapidus, homarus americanus and panulirus argus (decapoda crustacea). | | 1974 | 4152406 |
| natural and induced bactericidal activities in the hemolymph of the lobster, homarus americanus: products of hemocyte-plasma interaction. | | 1972 | 4561034 |
| investigation of american lobster, homarus americanus, for the presence of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. | | 1987 | 3440145 |
| depletion of glycogen and adenosine triphosphate as major factors in the death of lobsters (homarus americanus) infected with gaffkya homari. | | 1973 | 4754747 |
| hemagglutinins and bacterial agglutinins of earthworms. | the biological roles of invertebrate agglutinins have been and remain an unresolved subject of controversy. classical studies on agglutinins, beginning with the pioneer work of noguchi (1903) on limulus polyphemus and homarus americanus have emphasized their hemagglutinating properties, an approach that has been criticized for its lack of biological relevance. while erythrocyte agglutination has proven useful for determining various properties of invertebrate agglutinins, it does not address the ... | 1987 | 3295894 |
| structural and functional diversity of copper-metallothioneins from the american lobster homarus americanus. | the role of copper metallothionein (cumt) in copper metabolism and metalloenzyme activation is poorly understood. we have chosen marine crustaceans, in which a direct correlation exists between levels of cu(i)mt and cu(i)-hemocyanin during the molt cycle (engel and brouwer, biol. bull. 173, 239-251, 1987) as unique model systems to study the involvement of mts in metalloprotein activation and degradation. we have isolated three low-molecular weight, cysteine-rich copper proteins from the america ... | 1989 | 2709004 |
| gaffkemia, a bacterial disease of the lobster, homarus americanus: effects of the pathogen, gaffkya homari, on the physiology of the host. | | 1969 | 5344746 |
| [human somatotropin stimulates the growth of young american lobsters, homarus americanus (crustacea, decapoda)]. | larval and postlarval lobsters, injected with human somatotropin (sth, or growth hormone), grew at a more rapid rate than untreated control animals over succeeding molts. their mean carapace length was significantly longer than that of controls and they were heavier, although the moisture content of treated and control animals was similar. injected sth increased the growth rate of individual animals by 10 to 20%. this is the first evidence for a growth enhancing effect of human somatotropin on a ... | 1989 | 2493311 |
| a functional, thioester-containing alpha 2-macroglobulin homologue isolated from the hemolymph of the american lobster (homarus americanus). | an alpha 2-macroglobulin-like protease inhibitor was isolated from the cell-free hemolymph of the american lobster (homarus americanus) by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. whereas the undissociated molecule has a molecular weight of 342,000 as determined by ultracentrifugation studies, under reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the protein has a subunit molecular weight of 180,000. on the basis of this and other evidence, we conclude that the lobster ... | 1987 | 2444589 |
| american lobster troponin. | troponin was isolated from the abdominal muscle of the american lobster (homarus americanus) by essentially the same method as used for akazara scallop troponin [j. biol. chem. 261, 16749-16754 (1986)]. the thus isolated troponin together with lobster tropomyosin confers high ca2(+)-sensitivity to rabbit reconstituted actomyosin. the troponin consists of components having mr of about 42,000, 32,000, 30,000, and 17,000, but not the mr 52,000-59,000 component previously reported to be present in s ... | 1990 | 2149856 |
| the reactivity of edta, copper ion, and copper citrate with metallothioneins isolated from the digestive gland of cadmium-contaminated lobster (homarus americanus). | the reactivity of edta, cu2+, and copper citrate with two metallothionein preparations (mt-1 and mt-2) isolated from the digestive gland of cd-contaminated american lobster (homarus americanus) was studied. under pseudo-first-order conditions, metallothioneins reacted with edta for removal of cd2+ in a multiphasic manner. cadmium(+ii) removal by cu2+ was complex and non-stoichiometric, suggesting different binding sites. rabbit liver metallothionein reacted similarly. cadmium removal from lobste ... | 1991 | 1925524 |
| three-dimensional structure of an invertebrate intercellular communicating junction. | gap junctions containing extensive, highly ordered crystalline arrays of hexagonally packed connexons have been isolated from the hepatopancreas of the arthropod, homarus americanus (american lobster). the structure of such junctions has been studied to a resolution of approximately 25 a in three dimensions by electron microscopy of negatively stained specimens. the structure, which has the crystallographic symmetry of the two-sided plane group p6, reveals the connexon as an annular oligomer whi ... | 1991 | 1804280 |
| two hexokinases of homarus americanus (lobster), one having great affinity for mannose and fructose and low affinity for glucose. | two major hexokinases (atp: d-hexose 6-phosphotransferases, ec 2.7.1.1) have been identified in tissues of homarus americanus (lobster) and separated from each other by deae-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the molecular weight of each, determined by gel filtration, is about 50 000. hexokinase ii, named for its column elution order, resembles hexokinase isozymes i and ii of vertebrates. km values for glucose, mannose and fructose are 0.08, 0.13 and ... | 1981 | 7213758 |
| a preliminary report of vibriosis in cultured american lobsters, homarus americanus. | | 1981 | 7217706 |
| agglutination of streptococcus suis by sialic acid-binding lectins. | the 35 streptococcus suis capsular-type reference strains as well as 45 field strains of type 2 were tested with sialic acid-binding lectins from sambucus nigra (sna i), triticum vulgaris, maackia amurensis, homarus americanus, and limax flavus. only types 1, 1/2, 2, 14, 15, and 16 agglutinated with sna i and/or the t. vulgaris lectin. all field strains agglutinated only with sna i. reaction with sna i was probably due to the sialic acid moiety since it disappeared after sialidase treatment. the ... | 1995 | 7559986 |
| alpha2-macroglobulin from hemolymph of the freshwater crayfish astacus astacus. | 1. a high mol. wt proteinase inhibitor has been purified from the haemolymph of the freshwater crayfish astacus astacus. 2. the protein is a disulphide-bonded dimer (mr 390,000) of two identical polypeptide chains (mr 185,000). 3. the inhibitor displays a broad specificity and protects trypsin from inhibition by soybean trypsin inhibitor and thus is similar to vertebrate alpha 2-macroglobulin. 4. the alpha 2-macroglobulin-like inhibitor from astacus interacts with bovine trypsin in an equimolar ... | 1991 | 1714366 |
| immunological relationships between neuropeptides from the sinus gland of the lobster homarus americanus, with special references to the vitellogenesis inhibiting hormone and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone. | antisera raised in guinea pigs against four major neuropeptides purified from sinus glands of the lobster, homarus americanus, were used to study the immunological relationships between several sinus gland peptides. on the basis of their behavior in elisa and in absorption procedures, three groups of peptides are defined. two groups may be related to the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh groups); the third one is composed of three immunologically identical peptides and, since one of these pe ... | 1991 | 1711494 |
| characterization of a g-protein from the mandibular organ of the lobster homarus americanus (nephropidae, decapoda). | 1. gtp-binding activity was found in both calf brain and male lobster mandibular organ (mo). there was approximately two to three times as much binding in the calf brain. 2. the gtp-binding activity could be extracted from the calf brain with sodium cholate, but not from the mos. 3. using adp-ribosylation catalyzed by pertussis toxin, gtp-binding was shown to be the result of the presence of g-protein. in the lobster mo the g-protein alpha subunit has a molecular weight of about 42 kda and may b ... | 1992 | 1395512 |
| a mycosis of the american lobster, homarus americanus, caused by fusarium sp. | | 1975 | 1167883 |
| comparative studies in synaptosome formation: preparation of synaptosomes from the ventral nerve cord of the lobster (homarus americanus). | a flotation method for preparing synaptosomes, previously developed for work with squid nervous tissue, has now been successfully applied to the ventral nerve cord of lobster. perhaps due to the greater content of connective tissue, homogenization of the lobster nerve cord was more difficult than with squid optic lobes and the yield of synaptosomes was lower. the synaptosomes fraction showed a 3.8-fold enrichment of bound acetylcholine relative to the homogenate and was almost 10 times richer in ... | 1976 | 1104081 |
| observations on the feeding mechanism, diet and digestive physiology of histriobdella homari van beneden 1858: an aberrant polychaete symbiotic with north american and european lobsters. | 1. the aberrant annelid histriobdella homari (polychaeta:eunicida) lives in the branchial chambers of the marine lobsters homarus americanus and h. vulgaris where it feeds on the rich microflora of bacteria, blue-green algae and related organisms which grow on the inner surface of the branchial chamber, the setae fringing the edges of the carapace, the gill filaments and, especially, the surfaces and setae of the epipodite plates between the gills. h. homari, therefore, is to be regarded as an e ... | 1976 | 1016663 |
| serological grouping of virulent and avirulent strains of the lobster pathogen aerococcus viridans. | virulent strains of aerococcus viridans (formerly gaffkya homari) are the aetiologic agents of gaffkemia, a septicaemic disease of the american lobster (homarus americanus). the virulent and avirulent forms of this bacterium, previously thought to be taxonomically indistinguishable, have been differentiated by serological studies. antisera were produced in rabbits using autoclaved bacteria as antigens. reactions were measured by agglutination tests using microtitre techniques and an antigenic sc ... | 1977 | 874455 |
| genic similarity of american and european species of the lobster homarus. | european lobsters (homarus gammarus) from the norway coast and from the irish sea are examined for electrophoretically detectable genetic variation in seventeen functionally different proteins. forty-one loci encoding these proteins are homologous with loci studied in a previous survey of eight populations of h. americanus. progeny hatched from ovigerous norway females show variation in three enzymes, but mendelian inheritance is confirmed only for triosephosphate isomerase and for one of the ph ... | 1977 | 836910 |
| natural and induced bactericidal activities of the hepatopancreas of the american lobster, homarus americanus. | | 1978 | 731070 |
| bacteria induced shell disease of lobsters (homarus americanus). | chitin degrading species of bacteria in the genera pseudomonas, vibrio, and beneckea were cultured from the lesions of lobsters (homarus americanus) with a shell disease. a species of bacterium of the genus vibrio (beneckea) produced necrosis characteristics of shell disease in experimental lobsters when the integument had been damaged prior to inoculation. | 1978 | 633512 |
| lobster (homarus americanus) striated muscle myosin. | 1. myosin from the thin-filament regulated flexor muscle of lobster contains 2 moles of each of 2 light chains. 2. the lb 1 light chain of 19,000 daltons which can be removed by dtnb is heavier than the dtnb light chain of chicken. the lb 2 light chain of 17,000 daltons can be removed with urea. 3. on electrophoresis in 8 m urea (ph 8.7) the lb 2 light chain migrates with a mobility similar to that of chicken a2, but the lb 1 migrates significantly faster than any of the chicken light chains. 4. ... | 1977 | 318240 |
| comparative studies on the structure and aggregative properties of the myosin molecule. i. the structure of the lobster myosin molecule. | myosin purified from the abdominal flexor muscle of the lobster, homarus americanus, has a number average length of 1559 +/- 218 a, a rod like tail 1335 a long and a globular head 225 x 45 a as determined from electron microscopic observations on platinum shadowed preparations. the mass of the molecule was determined to be ca. 486,000 daltons from high speed equilibrium centrifugation studies at neutral and alkaline ph, and by sds-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. both sedimentation equilibrium ce ... | 1976 | 132506 |
| mixed function oxidases and nitroreductases in hepatopancreas of homarus americanus. | | 1976 | 5238 |
| identification of nitric oxide-sensitive and -insensitive forms of cytoplasmic guanylate cyclase. | cytoplasmic, nitric oxide-activated guanylate cyclases are expressed in many regions of the mammalian brain and are thought to participate in functions as diverse as synaptogenesis and long-term potentiation. in this study, we have characterized cytoplasmic guanylate cyclases in the nervous system of an invertebrate, the american lobster. cytoplasmic cyclase specific activity is higher in lobster nerve cord than in any other lobster tissue tested, and considerably higher than in typical rat tiss ... | 1997 | 9326294 |
| partial characterization of a natural agglutinin in the hemolymph of the lobster, homarus americanus. | | 1973 | 4706243 |
| anomalous contraction of invertebrate striated muscle. | the phenomenon of a band shortening or contraction has been investigated in glycerinated myofibrils of pecten irradians, homarus americanus, cambarus virilis, and limulus polyphemus through the techniques of ultraviolet microbeam inactivation and polarization microscopy. with the former method, it has been shown that these muscles, even though exhibiting the shortening effect, contract in a manner consistent with only the sliding filament model. intrinsic birefringence studies have indicated no ... | 1965 | 4957258 |
| effects of gaffkya homari on glucose, total carbohydrates, and lactic acid of the hemolymph of the lobster (homarus americanus). | | 1972 | 5071236 |
| histamine-induced modulation of olfactory receptor neurones in two species of lobster, panulirus argus and homarus americanus. | in two species of lobster, application of the biogenic amine, histamine (ha), to the soma of olfactory receptor cells suppressed both spontaneous and odour-evoked activity, as shown by electrophysiological recording from single cells. the action of ha was graded, reversible, specific to ha, and had a threshold between 0.1 and 1 mumol l-1. ha increased the conductance of the membrane, primarily to chloride ions. the vertebrate ha receptor antagonist, cimetidine, and the nicotinic receptor antagon ... | 1989 | 2809493 |
| studies on gaffkemia, a bacterial disease of the american lobster, homarus americanus (milne-edwards). | | 1965 | 5848793 |
| studies on the structure and carbohydrate binding properties of lobster agglutinin 1 (lag1), a sialic acid-binding lectin. | lobster agglutinin 1 (lag 1) was isolated from the hemolymph of the american lobster (homarus americanus) by a sequential combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, preparative starch block electrophoresis, gel filtration and affinity chromatography on sepharose-fetuin and sepharose-colominic acid columns. two types of protomeric structures with molecular weights of 700 and 500 kilodaltons respectively were isolated. these molecules are composed of noncovalently held subunits with a molecula ... | 1984 | 6333029 |
| histamine directly gates a chloride channel in lobster olfactory receptor neurons. | biogenic amines mediate many types of intercellular communication in multicellular organisms. heretofore, little direct evidence has indicated that biogenic amines produce intracellular responses other than by triggering the enzymatic production of second messengers. our electrophysiological studies of lobster olfactory receptor neurons now reveal that one biogenic amine, histamine, can directly gate an ion channel. the channel responds to histamine concentrations of 1 microm or more, is permeab ... | 1989 | 2479018 |
| insulin-like peptides in the lobster homarus americanus. i. insulin immunoreactivity. | experiments were conducted to determine if insulin-like peptides are present in the lobster homarus americanus. peptides were found that bind specifically to bovine insulin antibodies in a modified vertebrate radioimmunoassay. extracts of whole hepatopancreas, gut, and hemolymph contained insulin immunoreactivity (iri) concentrations of 67.5, 14.0, and 11.0 ng, respectively, per 700-g lobster. no insulin immunoreactivity was detected in neurosecretory cells of the eyestalk. the highest immunorea ... | 1983 | 6350105 |
| stimulation of b cells, but not t cells or thymocytes, by a sialic acid-specific lectin. | haemolymph of the american lobster, homarus americanus, contains several lectins. one of these, lobster agglutinin 1 (lag1) is specific for n-acetylneuraminic acid and agglutinates mouse and human erythrocytes. in addition, this lectin agglutinates peripheral t cells and cortisone-resistant thymocytes, but agglutinates whole thymocytes poorly. because this material is being used to prepare purified populations of cortical thymocytes, and then to study their maturation, it was important to determ ... | 1982 | 7035340 |
| organization of native and in vitro-reassembled myosin filaments from lobster tonic muscle. | tonic muscle of the crusher claw of the american lobster (homarus americanus) was investigated with respect to sarcomeric organization and the capacity for self-assembly of extracted myosin for comparison with the same properties of rabbit muscle. native myosin filaments in the lobster muscle are much longer than in rabbit skeletal fibers, and differ further in sarcomeric organization in showing an actin-to-myosin relationship in which two actin filaments are shared between adjacent myosins in a ... | 1981 | 7194522 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of two cdnas encoding cathepsin l-related cysteine proteinases in the nervous system and in the stomach of the norway lobster (nephrops norvegicus). | two cathepsin l-related cysteine proteinase molecular clones were isolated from cdna libraries of mrna from the eyestalk nervous system and the stomach of nephrops norvegicus and sequenced. the cdna from nervous system was first obtained by screening an eyestalk cdna library with an oligonucleotide whose sequence derived from the amino acid sequence of a peptide isolated previously and subsequently with the 5' end of the longest cdna probe thus obtained. several clones were isolated and analysed ... | 1995 | 7613761 |
| transport of (22)na(+) and( 45)ca(2+) by xenopus laevis oocytes expressing mrna from lobster hepatopancreas. | this paper describes the development of a functional assay system to express crustacean epithelial electrogenic 2na(+)/1h(+) antiporters in xenopus laevis oocytes. subsequent publications will use this assay method to establish nucleotide and amino acid sequence information about this transporter by functionally screening an hepatopancreatic cdna library. in this method, oocytes were injected with hepatopancreatic mrna (50 ng) isolated from homarus americanus, while control oocytes received inje ... | 2001 | 11550182 |
| evidence for a common structure for a class of membrane channels. | electron microscopic analysis of gap-junction-like structures isolated from an anthropod (nephrops norvegicus) and composed of a 16-kda polypeptide, show the functional unit to be a star-shaped hexamer of protein arranged around a central channel which runs perpendicular to the plane of the membrane. estimations of the molecular volume carried out on an averaged projection are consistent with a subunit mass of 16-18 kda. fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicates a high alpha-helical cont ... | 1993 | 7682941 |
| a gelsolin-related protein from lobster muscle: cloning, sequence analysis and expression. | the tail muscle of the lobster homarus americanus contains an actin-binding protein with an apparent molecular mass of 105 kda determined by sds/page and gelsolin-like properties. we isolated this protein and peptide sequences were obtained after limited proteolysis with chymotrypsin. a tail-muscle-specific cdna library was constructed in a lambda expression vector and a full-length clone was obtained by screening with a polyclonal anti-(crustacean gelsolin) antibody. the cdna insert of approx. ... | 1995 | 7848275 |
| immunocytochemical localization of the multicatalytic proteinase (proteasome) in crustacean striated muscles. | multicatalytic proteinase (mcp) is thought to play a central role in the processing and turnover of intracellular proteins in eukaryotic cells. immunocytochemistry was used to determine the intracellular distribution of the mcp in the claw muscles of the land crab, gecarcinus lateralis, and the claw and abdominal muscles of the american lobster, homarus americanus. cryosections were stained with an affinity-purified polyclonal antibody to lobster mcp that cross-reacted with the land crab enzyme. ... | 1992 | 1518511 |
| a novel ef-hand ca(2+)-binding protein from abdominal muscle of crustaceans with similarity to calcyphosine from dog thyroidea. | the amino acid sequence of a novel ef-hand ca(2+)-binding protein from the abdominal muscle of the crayfish, orconectes limosus, has been elucidated by tandem mass spectrometry and automated edman degradation. the name ccbp-23 (23-kda crustacean ca(2+)-binding protein) is proposed. the protein can also exist as a disulfide-linked homodimer. the sequence of the monomeric form spans 200 residues with an acetylated n-terminal ser and reveals four ef-hand domains. the 174-mass-unit difference betwee ... | 1995 | 7851448 |
| purification and characterization of a cadmium-induced metallothionein from the shore crab carcinus maenas (l.). | two metallothionein variants were purified from the midgut gland of crabs (carcinus maenas) exposed to a high cadmium concentration (2 p.p.m.). one of the variants was purified from crabs exposed to a low cadmium concentration (0.5 p.p.m.). the purification method involved acetone precipitation, gel filtration and reversed-phase h.p.l.c. the complete amino acid sequences of both variants have been elucidated by m.s. and automated sequence analysis on s-methylated proteins or fragments produced b ... | 1994 | 8110201 |
| expression of na(+) / d-glucose cotransport in xenopus laevis oocytes by injection of poly(a)(+) rna isolated from lobster (homarus americanus) hepatopancreas. | xenopus laevis oocytes were used for expression and characterization of lobster (homarus americanus) hepatopancreas na(+)-dependent d-glucose transport activity. poly(a)(+) rna from the whole hepatopancreatic tissue was injected and transport activity was assayed by alpha-d-[2-(3)h] glucose. injection of lobster hepatopancreatic poly(a)(+) rna resulted in a dose (1-20 ng) and time (1-5 days) dependent increase of na(+)-dependent d-glucose uptake. kinetics of na(+)-dependent glucose transport was ... | 2003 | 12829054 |
| complete primary structure of the molt-inhibiting hormone (mih) of the mexican crayfish procambarus bouvieri (ortmann). | the amino acid sequence of mih was elucidated by means of digestions with specific proteases, manual edman degradation, and mass spectrometry. mih consists of a 72-residue peptide chain (molecular mass 8322 da) with six cysteines forming three disulfide bridges that connect residues 7-43, 23-39, and 26-52. it has blocked n- and c-termini and lacks tryptophan, histidine, and methionine. mih shows striking similarity to the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) isomorphs of procambarus bouvieri ( ... | 1996 | 8735961 |
| the lobster parasite anophryoides haemophila (scuticociliatida: orchitophryidae): nuclear 18s rdna sequence, phylogeny and detection using oligonucleotide primers. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the nuclear gene encoding small-subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid of the ciliate anophryoides haemophila, a parasite of the american lobster homarus americanus. the gene is 1763 bp in length, and has a guanosine-plus-cytosine content of 43.9%. inferred phylogenetic frameworks strongly support the monophyly of the scuticociliates, and suggest that order scuticociliatida should be elevated to at least subclass rank. oligonucleotide probes based on a. ... | 1996 | 8768439 |
| characterization of microsatellite markers in homarus (crustacea, decapoda). | three variable microsatellite loci have been isolated from the american lobster, homarus americanus. in a population sample from the gulf of maine, the effective numbers of alleles (ne) for the two most variable loci were 16.33 and 13.19, respectively. reduced variability at all three loci was seen in the european lobster, h. gammarus, for which the maximum ne was 4.00. the reduction in variability in h. gammarus is consistent with a bottleneck event. inheritance analysis using h. americanus dem ... | 1996 | 8817929 |
| a lobster cysteine protease with immunoreactivity and activities of calcitonin and cgrp. | the high concentrations of molecules immunologically related to salmon calcitonin (ct) and/or to human calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) in the oesophagus of the norway lobster nephrops norvegicus have been examined. in the present study. we report the purification of these molecules by means of a specific radioimmunoassay for calcitonin and calcitonin gene related peptide. the immunoreactive molecules were tested for their functional similarities with ct and cgrp. this was investigated by ... | 1996 | 9033842 |
| amines and peptides in the brain of the american lobster: immunocytochemical localization patterns and implications for brain function. | the distributions of serotonin- (5ht-), substance p- (sp-), small cardioactive peptideb- (scpb-), and histamine- (ha-) like immunoreactivities were examined in the adult lobster supraesophageal ganglion. vibratome sections were labeled using avidin-biotin-peroxidase immunocytochemical methods. the localization patterns for each substance were assessed in 21 regions within the median protocerebrum, deutocerebrum, and tritocerebrum. each immunoreactivity has a unique distribution within the brain; ... | 1997 | 9042786 |
| overview of "bumper car" disease--impact on the north american lobster fishery. | recent (1993) landings of american lobsters (homarus americanus) were valued at $294 million (can.) in canada and $213 million (can.) in the united states. however, post-harvest losses are estimated at $50-75 million (10-15%) annually. the lobster fishery is one of the few remaining viable traditional fisheries in eastern north america. "bumper car" disease of lobsters, caused by the scuticociliate anophryoides haemophila, can cause significant losses in coldwater impoundments. apparently epidem ... | 1997 | 9088987 |
| localization of a crustacean hyperglycemic hormone-like immunoreactivity in the neuroendocrine system of euscorpius carpathicus (l.) (scorpionida, chactidae). | the neuroendocrine system of euscorpius carpathicus was immunohistochemically localized using a polyclonal antiserum raised against a purified homarus americanus crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (hoa-chha). there were cross-reactions in e. carpathicus procerebral and subesophageal neurosecretory cells, neurohemal organs, and intra- and extraganglionic neurosecretory tracts. among the neurohemal structures, the kwartirnikov's organ, the tropfenkomplex, and the coxal disc reacted strongly. in eusc ... | 1997 | 9204365 |
| demonstration of a cell-specific isomerization of invertebrate neuropeptides. | neurohemal organs of the lobster homarus americanus contain isoforms of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone, which differ by the third amino acid (phenylalanyl) residue that is either in the l- or in the d-configuration. polyclonal antisera have been raised in rabbit against synthetic octapeptides with the sequence corresponding to the n-terminal part of the l- or d-phenylalanine-containing isoforms. their specificity was shown by immunoassays, indicating that they discriminate the isoforms of ... | 1998 | 9483547 |
| cloning of tropomyosins from lobster (homarus americanus) striated muscles: fast and slow isoforms may be generated from the same transcript. | complementary dnas encoding fibre-type-specific isoforms of tropomyosin (tm) have been isolated from lobster (homarus americanus) striated muscle expression libraries made from poly(a)+ rna purified from deep abdominal (fast-type) and crusher-claw closer (slow-type) muscles. a cdna of slow-muscle tm (stm1), containing a complete open reading frame (orf) and portions of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (utrs), encodes a protein of 284 amino acid residues with a predicted mass of 32,950, assumin ... | 1998 | 9536438 |
| geographic variation of multiple paternity in the american lobster, homarus americanus. | we studied the frequency of multiple paternity for american lobster (homarus americanus) at three canadian sites differing in exploitation rate and mean adult size. the probability of detecting multiple paternity using four microsatellite loci and 100 eggs per female was in excess of 99% under various scenarios of paternal contribution. overall, 13% of the 108 examined females carried a clutch sired by two or three males. multiple paternity was observed at the two most exploited sites (11% at ma ... | 2005 | 15813789 |
| elucidation of the amino acid sequence of a crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone from the spiny lobster, jasus lalandii. | we have isolated a peptide from extracts of sinus glands of jasus lalandii, a south african spiny lobster, by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and identified it as crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (chh) by (i) a conspecific bioassay measuring glucose elevation in the haemolymph and (ii) an immunoassay using an antiserum raised against chh of the american lobster. the j. lalandii peptide has a free n-terminus as evidenced by sequencing the first 30 amino acid residues of the intact ... | 1998 | 9703969 |
| sequential developmental acquisition of cotransmitters in identified sensory neurons of the stomatogastric nervous system of the lobsters, homarus americanus and homarus gammarus. | we studied the developmental acquisition of three of the cotransmitters found in the gastropyloric receptor (gpr) neurons of the stomatogastric nervous systems of the lobsters homarus americanus and homarus gammarus. by using wholemount immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy, we examined the distribution of serotonin-like, allatostatin-like, and flrf(nh2)-like immunoreactivities within the stomatogastric nervous system of embryonic, larval, juvenile, and adult animals. the gpr neurons are p ... | 1999 | 10340509 |
| sequential developmental acquisition of neuromodulatory inputs to a central pattern-generating network. | the activity of the adult stomatogastric ganglion (stg) depends on a large number of aminergic and peptidergic modulatory inputs. our aim is to understand the role of these modulatory inputs in the development of the central pattern-generating networks of the stg. therefore, we analyze the developmental and adult expressions of three neuropeptides in the stomatogastric nervous system of the lobsters homarus americanus and homarus gammarus by using wholemount immunocytochemistry and confocal micr ... | 1999 | 10340510 |
| lobster gaba receptor subunit expressed in neural tissues. | a cdna encoding an ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) receptor subunit was isolated from a lobster (homarus americanus) cdna library. a longer version of this cdna, containing a 108-bp insert, was also detected. the two cdnas are predicted to encode alternatively spliced proteins of 485 and 521 amino acids, respectively. the sequences were most similar to the drosophila rdl (resistance to dieldrin) gaba subunit with 54% identity, and 30-35% identity with vertebrate ionotropic gaba recepto ... | 2000 | 10679793 |
| five crustacean hyperglycemic family hormones of penaeus monodon: complementary dna sequence and identification in single sinus glands by electrospray ionization-fourier transform mass spectrometry. | five novel neuropeptides, designated pm-sgp-i to -v, of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) family have been identified from the giant tiger prawn penaeus monodon by isolation of the preprohormone genes from an eyestalk complementary dna library. on the basis of sequence similarity, the encoded peptides have been classified as chh-like type i hormones, which include all known chhs and the molt-inhibiting hormone (mih) of the lobster homarus americanus. consistent with chh type i preprohor ... | 2000 | 10804243 |
| a long-term mesocosm study on the settlement and survival of juvenile european lobster homarus gammarus l. in four natural substrata. | to date, the natural substratum preferences of early benthic phase (ebp) european lobsters (homarus gammarus) remain largely unknown. this study utilised a large scale mesocosm experiment to determine if the animal favours cobble ground, similar to its american counterpart (homarus americanus), or has other substratum preferences. postlarvae were provided with the choice of settling on four natural substrata: sand, coralline algae, mussel shell and cobble. over a nine month period, the number an ... | 2000 | 10817827 |
| quadrupole ion storage tandem mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry: complementary application in the measurement of 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in us foods. | the us food and drug administration has simultaneously utilized both high-resolution mass spectrometry (hrms) and quadrupole ion storage tandem mass spectrometry (qistms) in the measurement of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (pcdd/fs) in 147 food samples collected in 1998 and 1999 in the us. in 1998, 20 egg samples, six scallop, 10 blue crab, eight american lobster, 10 pollack, 15 striped bass, five rockfish, 10 crawfish, seven aqua-cultured and 13 wild-caught salmon, along with ... | 2001 | 11372820 |
| a new insight into metallothionein (mt) classification and evolution. the in vivo and in vitro metal binding features of homarus americanus recombinant mt. | we report the synthesis and characterization of a homarus americanus mt-cdna (mth) through retrotranscription of mth-mrna from metal-injected lobsters. heterologous escherichia coli expression in zinc- and copper-supplemented medium was achieved for mth, the two domains betabetamth and betaalphamth and three site-directed mutants, betabetac9h, betaalphac37h, and betaalphae31c/t34c. the in vivo conformed metal complexes and the in vitro substituted cadmium aggregates were characterized. major sto ... | 2001 | 11413132 |
| estimated prevalence of aerococcus viridans and anophryoides haemophila in american lobsters homarus americanus freshly captured in the waters of prince edward island, canada. | the canadian lobster industry holds lobsters homarus americanus in captivity for various periods to supply markets with live product year-round. mortality during holding results in considerable losses, estimated at 10 to 15 % yr(-1) by the industry. this study examined the prevalence of anophryoides haemophila and aerococcus viridans, causative agents of 'bumper car' disease and gaffkemia, respectively, in lobsters freshly captured in the waters of prince edward island during the spring and fall ... | 2001 | 11710558 |
| gonad-inhibiting hormone of the norway lobster (nephrops norvegicus): cdna cloning, expression, recombinant protein production, and immunolocalization. | the gonad-inhibiting hormone (gih) belongs to a neuropeptide family synthesized and released in a neurohemal complex of crustacean eyestalks. the gih is involved in gonad maturation and plays a more complex role in the control of reproduction and molting. with a combination of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends approaches we determined the cdna sequence of the norway lobster nephrops norvegicus prepro gih. the open reading frame of 339 b ... | 2002 | 11891050 |
| structure of the (113)cd(3)beta domains from homarus americanus metallothionein-1: hydrogen bonding and solvent accessibility of sulfur atoms. | the three-dimensional structures of the isolated cd(3)beta domains from homarus americanus metallothionein have been determined by nmr methods in order to establish a set of beta-domain structures for comparative analysis. first, it was determined that the cd-cysteine connectivities forming the cd(3)s(9) metal center were identical to those observed for the beta(n) domain in the native holoprotein. time- and temperature-dependence studies of the (113)cd and (1)h 1d-nmr spectra indicated that the ... | 2002 | 12203008 |
| two sniffing strategies in palinurid lobsters. | most studies of lobster chemoreception have focused on the model systems of panulirus argus (palinuridae) and homarus americanus (nephropidae). we compare antennule morphology across lobsters and conduct the first kinematic study of antennule flicking in a palinurid species other than p. argus. high-speed video analysis shows that palinurus elephas flicks at a rate more than an order of magnitude higher than in p. argus. however, both species flick their antennular flagella at a reynolds number ... | 2002 | 12432011 |
| development, characterisation, inheritance, and cross-species utility of american lobster (homarus americanus) microsatellite and mtdna pcr-rflp markers. | effective management of exploited species demands contemporary knowledge of population structure and mating patterns. genetic markers can prove useful in providing this knowledge. despite its commercial importance, genetic markers for american lobster (homarus americanus) are limited. we developed 12 tetra- and 1 trinucleotide microsatellite loci for american lobster that exhibit little stuttering after pcr amplification. gene diversity of these loci ranged from 0.516 to 0.929. a four-locus mult ... | 2003 | 12669797 |
| immunocytochemical and molecular data guide peptide identification by mass spectrometry: orcokinin and orcomyotropin-related peptides in the stomatogastric nervous system of several crustacean species. | in order to identify new orcokinin and orcomyotropin-related peptides in crustaceans, molecular and immunocytochemical data were combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms). in the crayfish procambarus clarkii, four orcokinins and an orcomyotropin-related peptide are present on the precursor. because these peptides are highly conserved, we assumed that other species have an identical number of peptides. to identify the peptides, immun ... | 2003 | 14528921 |
| characterization of vibrio fluvialis-like strains implicated in limp lobster disease. | studies were undertaken to characterize and determine the pathogenic mechanisms involved in a newly described systemic disease in homarus americanus (american lobster) caused by a vibrio fluvialis-like microorganism. nineteen isolates were obtained from eight of nine lobsters sampled. biochemically, the isolates resembled v. fluvialis, and the isolates grew optimally at 20 degrees c; none could grow at temperatures above 23 degrees c. the type strain (1ama) displayed a thermal reduction time (d ... | 2003 | 14660396 |
| classification of homarus americanus hemocytes and the use of differential hemocyte counts in lobsters infected with aerococcus viridans var. homari (gaffkemia). | hemocytes of the american lobster (homarus americanus h. milne edwards) were classified after examination of wright-giemsa stained cytocentrifuge preparations by brightfield light microscopy. eleven hemocyte types were identified using morphologic criteria. the classification system was then used to monitor changes in the differential hemocyte count (dhc) of lobsters infected with the gram positive coccus aerococcus viridans var. homari, etiologic agent of gaffkemia. the appearance of less matur ... | 2003 | 14726241 |
| development of mitochondrial dna primers for use with homarid lobsters. | dna primer sets were developed for the amplification of complete mitochondrial genomes for both european and american lobsters in 4 suitable-sized segments. optimal conditions for polymerase chain reaction routine screening were established. the 4 segments were screened with 24 restriction endonucleases in a test population sample, covering the whole distribution of the european lobster, and restriction patterns of each enzyme were revealed. a segment of 3000 bp comprising part of cytochrome oxi ... | 2003 | 14730430 |
| malathion immunotoxicity in the american lobster (homarus americanus) upon experimental exposure. | a lobster die-off reduced the 1999 fall landings in western long island sound by up to more then 99%. the die-off corresponded in time with the application of pesticides for the control of mosquitoes that carried west nile virus, a new emerging disease in north america at the time. in order to determine the possible implication of pesticide application as a direct cause or contributing factor in the die-off, we studied the effects of experimental exposure to malathion on the health of lobsters. ... | 2004 | 15168949 |
| effect of cooking on the concentration of toxins associated with paralytic shellfish poison in lobster hepatopancreas. | the hepatopancreases from lobsters (homarus americanus) obtained from two locations in eastern canada (gaspé and bay of fundy) were analysed for paralytic shellfish poisons (psp) before and after the shellfish were cooked by boiling or steaming. forty-five lobsters from each location were divided into three groups of 15. two of the groups were boiled or steamed while the third was uncooked for comparison purposes. the hepatopancreases of all lobsters were individually analysed for total psp toxi ... | 1994 | 9237337 |
| an ecdysteroid-responsive gene in a lobster - a potential crustacean member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. | the role of ecdysteroids in modulating exoskeletal growth during the moult cycle of crustacea has been well described. however, little is known about the action of ecdysteroids at the level of gene transcription and regulation in crustacea. this paper reports the cloning of an ecdysteroid responsive gene, hhr3, a potential manduca sexta mhr3 homologue in the american lobster, homarus americanus. levels of hhr3 expression are up-regulated in response to in vivo injections of premoult concentratio ... | 1997 | 9409780 |
| induced resistance to infection of lobsters homarus americanus by aerococcus viridans (var.) homari, the bacterium causing gaffkemia. | a vaccine composed of steam sterilized (autoclaved) cells of a virulent strain of aerococcus viridans (var.) homari was effective in protecting lobsters homarus americanus against gaffkemia. at 15 degrees c the heat-killed vaccines (hkv) at concentrations between 1 and 5 x 10(7) particles kg(-1) lobster body wt induced maximal protection in induction periods ranging from 7 to 11 d. protection was substantial over the course of a 30 d post-induction trial period. spring-caught lobsters (i.e. thos ... | 2004 | 15672875 |
| the american lobster, homarus americanus, contains morphine that is coupled to nitric oxide release in its nervous and immune tissues: evidence for neurotransmitter and hormonal signaling. | the study was designed to determine if morphine was present in lobster tissues. it was also important to determine, as in other animals, if its levels would change in response to stress. in this regard, it was also important to determine if lobster immune and neural tissues express the mu opiate receptor subtype, which was coupled to constitutive nitric oxide synthase derived nitric oxide release. | 2005 | 15855878 |
| four differentially expressed cdnas in callinectes sapidus containing the rebers-riddiford consensus sequence. | decapod crustaceans such as callinectes sapidus, the blue crab, provide unique opportunities to study proteins involved in biomineralization. subsequent to each molt, the previously deposited soft cuticle is calcified while the postecdysial layers are simultaneously deposited and mineralized. though the majority of the exoskeleton hardens, morphologically similar cuticle at the joints, called arthrodial membrane, remains flexible. it seems reasonable that hypodermal cells producing these cuticle ... | 2005 | 15939643 |
| nutritional quality of the edible tissues of european lobster homarus gammarus and american lobster homarus americanus. | the clawed lobsters homarus gammarus and homarus americanus are high-priced and appreciated food items in southern europe. from a nutritional point of view there is still limited information on the chemical composition of edible tissues (muscle, hepatopancreas, and gonads) of both species. therefore, the aims of the present work were to study the proximate chemical composition, energy, fatty acid and amino acid profiles, and cholesterol content in each edible tissue of both species and to evalua ... | 2009 | 19334784 |
| the olfactory pathway for individual recognition in the american lobster homarus americanus. | individual recognition in the lobster homarus americanus (milne-edwards), is based on detection of urine pheromones via chemoreceptors of the lateral antennular flagellum. the specific sensory pathway mediating this recognition is not known. most of the chemoreceptor cells of this flagellum are found in the unimodal aesthetasc sensilla and project specifically to the glomeruli of the olfactory lobe in the brain. additional chemoreceptor cells are located among mechanoreceptor cells in bimodal se ... | 2005 | 16043591 |
| hidden diversity and host specificity in cycliophorans: a phylogeographic analysis along the north atlantic and mediterranean sea. | in order to elucidate the evolutionary history and the population structure of the members of the phylum cycliophora, which live commensally on three species of lobsters, we studied sequence variation in the mitochondrial gene cyctochrome c oxidase subunit i. overall 242 sequences from 16 locations on both coasts of the north atlantic, including the north sea and the mediterranean, were analysed, revealing 28 haplotypes, with a maximum sequence divergence of 16.6%. total genetic diversity was hi ... | 2005 | 16313603 |
| the mechanical function and structure of aortic microfibrils in the lobster homarus americanus. | marfan syndrome, a connective tissue disorder affecting the cardiovascular system, is caused by mutations of fibrillin-based microfibrils. these mutations often affect the calcium-binding domains, resulting in structural changes to the proteins. it is hypothesized that these ca+2 binding sites regulate the structure and mechanical properties of the microfibrils. the mechanical properties of fresh and extracted lobster aortic rings in calcium solutions (1, 13 and 30 mm ca+2) were measured. sample ... | 2006 | 16488170 |
| identification, physiological actions, and distribution of vyrkppfngsifamide (val1)-sifamide) in the stomatogastric nervous system of the american lobster homarus americanus. | in this study, the peptide vyrkppfngsifamide (val(1)-sifamide) was identified in the stomatogastric nervous system (stns) of the american lobster, homarus americanus, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-fourier transform mass spectrometry (maldi-ftms). when bath-applied to the stomatogastric ganglion (stg), synthetic val(1)-sifamide activated the pyloric motor pattern, increasing both burst amplitude and duration in the pyloric dilator (pd) neurons. to determine the distribution of ... | 2006 | 16566002 |
| immunogen-dependent quantitative and qualitative differences in phagocytic responses of the circulating hemocytes of the lobster homarus americanus. | phagocytic responses in circulating hemocytes of the lobster homarus americanus were measured before and after treatment of lobsters with 2 different immunogens: (1) lipolysaccharide (lps) or endotoxin from a non-pathogenic pseudomonas perolens, and (2) a vancomycin/live gram-positive pathogen (aerococcus viridans [var.] homari) combination, essentially attenuated cells, shown previously to induce a high degree of resistance to this pathogen. the responses elicited by each of the immunogens were ... | 2006 | 16724563 |
| cloning and characterisation of a prophenoloxidase from the haemocytes of mud crab scylla serrata. | a prophenoloxidase (propo) cdna was cloned from the haemocytes of mud crab scylla serrata using oligonucleotide primers and rt-pcr. both 3'- and 5'-regions were isolated by rapid amplification of cdna end (race) method. analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed that the cdna clone has a full length of 2663bp, with an open reading frame of 2019bp, a 124-bp 5'-untranslated region, and a 520-bp 3'-untranslated region containing a poly a signal. it encodes a protein of 673 amino acids with a pred ... | 2007 | 16806468 |
| experimental investigation of the elastic-plastic deformation of mineralized lobster cuticle by digital image correlation. | this study presents a novel experimental approach to the characterization of the deformation of a mineralized biological composite using arthropod cuticle as a model material. by performing tensile tests combined with a detailed strain analysis via digital image correlation, the elastic-plastic deformation behavior of the endocuticle of the american lobster homarus americanus is examined. the test specimens originate from the pincher and crusher claws. for evaluating the effect of moisture on th ... | 2006 | 16899374 |
| nitric oxide's pulsatile release in lobster heart and its regulation by opiate signaling: pesticide interference. | data is emerging in the human and invertebrate literature demonstrating that mu opiate receptors and morphine are present in cardiovascular tissues in diverse animals, including human tissues, where they may be exerting a cardioregulatory role via stimulation of constitutive nitric oxide (no) production. | 2006 | 17136001 |
| comparative analysis of barnacle tropomyosin: divergence from decapod tropomyosins and role as a potential allergen. | tropomyosin, a myofibrillar protein of 35-38 kda, represents a major and cross-reactive allergen in decapod crustaceans. this study was initiated to clarify whether decapod-allergic patients also recognize tropomyosins of barnacles, crustaceans phylogenetically remote from decapods, which are locally consumed as a delicacy. on sds-page, a 37 kda protein was observed in all the heated extracts prepared from two species of decapods (american lobster homarus americanus and black tiger prawn penaeus ... | 2007 | 17321773 |
| identification and characterization of a cdna encoding a crustin-like, putative antibacterial protein from the american lobster homarus americanus. | pathogenic challenges in decapod crustaceans are combated by innate immune responses, including the production and secretion of soluble antibacterial proteins into the hemolymph. among the antibacterials that have been identified in decapod species are the crustins, a group of four-disulfide core/whey-acidic-protein (wap) domain-containing proteins, which target marine/salt tolerant gram-positive bacteria. to begin to assess the possible role of crustins in combating bacterial invasion in the am ... | 2007 | 17418897 |
| predicted sub-populations in a marine shrimp proteome as revealed by combined est and cdna data from multiple penaeus species. | abstract: | 2010 | 21067619 |
| diseases of american lobsters (homarus americanus): a review. | the american lobster fishery is a significant economic driver in coastal communities of north america. increasingly, the impacts of infectious disease are recognized as important components and factors in the population ecology and subsequent management of the lobster fishery. both environmental and anthropogenic factors impact marine diseases. the review herein highlights aspects of several important bacterial, fungal and protistan diseases, including gaffkemia, shell disease, vibriosis, diseas ... | 2011 | 21215356 |
| identification and cardiotropic actions of sulfakinin peptides in the american lobster homarus americanus. | in arthropods, a group of peptides possessing a -y((so3h))ghm/lrfamide carboxy-terminal motif have been collectively termed the sulfakinins. sulfakinin isoforms have been identified from numerous insect species. in contrast, members of this peptide family have thus far been isolated from just two crustaceans, the penaeid shrimp penaeus monodon and litopenaeus vannamei. here, we report the identification of a cdna encoding prepro-sulfakinin from the american lobster homarus americanus. two sulfak ... | 2007 | 17575033 |
| identification and localization of a putative atp-binding cassette transporter in sea lice (lepeophtheirus salmonis) and host atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | some members of the abc-transporter superfamily, such as p-glycoprotein and the multidrug resistance associated protein, may confer resistance to the avermectin subclass of macrocyclic lactones. the aim of this study was to examine the presence of abc transporters in both sea lice (lepeophtheirus salmonis) and its atlantic salmon host (salmo salar) using monoclonal antibodies (c219 and jsb-1, with high selectivity for p-gp) and a new polyclonal antibody (sl0525) generated against a putative sea ... | 2008 | 17961285 |
| sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein: identification as a new allergen of the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. | tropomyosin and arginine kinase have been identified as crustacean allergens. during purification of arginine kinase from black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon, we found a new allergen of 20-kda. | 2008 | 18204275 |
| sifamide peptides in clawed lobsters and freshwater crayfish (crustacea, decapoda, astacidea): a combined molecular, mass spectrometric and electrophysiological investigation. | recently, we identified the peptide vyrkppfngsifamide (val(1)-sifamide) in the stomatogastric nervous system (stns) of the american lobster homarus americanus using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-fourier transform mass spectrometry (maldi-ftms). given that h. americanus is the only species thus far shown to possess this peptide, and that a second sifamide isoform, gly(1)-sifamide, is broadly conserved in other decapods, including another astacidean, the crayfish procambarus clarkii, ... | 2008 | 18308319 |
| identification of putative crustacean neuropeptides using in silico analyses of publicly accessible expressed sequence tags. | the development of expressed sequence tags (ests) for crustacean cdna libraries and their deposition in publicly accessible databases has generated a rich resource for peptide discovery in this commercially and ecologically important arthropod subphylum. here, we have conducted in silico searches of these databases for unannotated ests encoding putative neuropeptide precursors using the blast program tblastn, and have predicted the mature forms of the peptides encoded by them. the primary strate ... | 2008 | 18321503 |
| short- and long-term dietary effects on disease and mortality in american lobster homarus americanus. | the american lobster homarus americanus fishery is heavily dependent on the use of fish as bait to entice lobsters into traps. there is concern that this food supplementation is nutritionally insufficient for lobsters, but previous experiments reported conflicting results. we conducted a long-term feeding experiment in which 1 yr old american lobsters were fed one of 7 diets for a period of 352 d, a time that allowed the lobsters to molt thrice. the diets consisted of fresh frozen herring, a 'wi ... | 2008 | 18380224 |