| impact of quinolone-resistance acquisition on biofilm production and fitness in salmonella enterica. | to investigate the potential relationship between quinolone resistance and biofilm production in a collection of salmonella enterica clinical isolates and in s. enterica serovar typhimurium serial mutants with increasing resistance to ciprofloxacin. | 2014 | 24706735 |
| toll-like receptors gene expression in the gastrointestinal tract of salmonella serovar pullorum-infected broiler chicken. | salmonella enterica serovar pullorum causes substantial mortality in chicks as well as results in persistent infection and vertical transmission in layer birds. an effective innate immune response in the early stages of infection could reduce bacterial colonization and mortality in chicks and persistency of infection in later stages. toll-like receptors (tlrs), important components of innate immune response, plays a pivotal role in early recognition of pathogen as well as in the initiation of ro ... | 2014 | 24706267 |
| fully assembled genome sequence for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar javiana cfsan001992. | | 2014 | 24699966 |
| draft genome sequence of the host-restricted salmonella enterica serovar abortusovis strain ss44. | salmonella enterica serovar abortusovis is a pathogen strictly adapted to ovines, in which it causes abortion. to enhance our understanding of this pathogen, we assembled the first draft sequence of an s. abortusovis genome (strain ss44). the obtained genomic data might facilitate the study of s. enterica evolution and host adaptation. | 2014 | 24699959 |
| salmonella enterica subspecies ii infections in england and wales--the use of multilocus sequence typing to assist serovar identification. | identifying rare salmonella serotypes by conventional serotyping can be a problem for diagnostic or reference microbiology laboratories. we report two cases of the seldom encountered serovar salmonella dubrovnik, which is known as salmonella subspecies ii 41 : z : 1,5, in an elderly man and a young child. multilocus sequence typing, a technique that is being used more frequently in our laboratory, was used to assist serovar identification as serotyping proved to be inconclusive. to our knowledge ... | 2014 | 24696514 |
| sequence-level and dual-phase identification of salmonella flagellum antigens by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). | forty-three reference strains involving the 24 most common serovars of salmonella enterica were examined by using a mass spectrometry-based h antigen typing platform (ms-h). the results indicate that ms-h can be used as a sensitive, rapid, and straightforward approach for the typing of salmonella flagella at the molecular level without antiserum and phase inversion. | 2014 | 24696022 |
| first isolation of salmonella enterica serovar napoli from wild birds in italy. | salmonella enterica serovar napoli (s. napoli) is an emerging serovar in italy. it accounts for 2-4% of all serovars isolated from human infections. the zoonotic origin of this serovar is still unknown and this makes difficult to apply any control intervention. we report here the isolation of s. napoli from a river nightingale (cettia cetti, temminck 1820) which represents the first description of this serovar from wild birds. this finding adds knowledge to the ecology of s. napoli and addresses ... | 2014 | 24695259 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella enterica isolates from healthy breeder and broiler flocks in portugal. | three hundred and thirty-three isolates representing 40 different serotypes of salmonella enterica, recovered from environmental and faecal samples of breeder and broiler flocks from 2009 to 2011, were studied. antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration of 11 antimicrobials using the agar dilution method. salmonella havana, s. enteritidis and s. mbandaka were the most common serotypes isolated from broiler flocks, while s. enteritidis was the co ... | 2014 | 24685467 |
| salmonella adhesion, invasion and cellular immune responses are differentially affected by iron concentrations in a combined in vitro gut fermentation-cell model. | in regions with a high infectious disease burden, concerns have been raised about the safety of iron supplementation because higher iron concentrations in the gut lumen may increase risk of enteropathogen infection. the aim of this study was to investigate interactions of the enteropathogen salmonella enterica ssp. enterica typhimurium with intestinal cells under different iron concentrations encountered in the gut lumen during iron deficiency and supplementation using an in vitro colonic fermen ... | 2014 | 24676135 |
| effects of postharvest handling conditions on internalization and growth of salmonella enterica in tomatoes. | salmonella internalization in tomatoes during postharvest handling is a major food safety concern. this study was conducted to determine the effect of immersion time, immersion depth, and temperature differential between bacterial suspension and tomato pulp on the internalization of salmonella enterica in tomato fruits. the effect of storage temperature and duration on the survival and growth of internalized salmonella cells was also evaluated. overall, immersion time significantly affected the ... | 2014 | 24674426 |
| drug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype kentucky in europe. | | 2014 | 24670624 |
| salmonella survival and differential expression of fatty acid biosynthesis-associated genes in a low-water-activity food. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in expression of fatty acid biosynthesis genes and survival of different serotypes of salmonella when incubated in a low-water-activity (aw ) food over a 14-day period. stationary cells of five strains of salmonella enterica belonging to 3 different serovars (typhimurium atcc 2486, enteritidis h4267, tennessee ari-33, tennessee s13952 and tennessee k4643) were inoculated into granular sugar (aw = 0·50) and held aerobically over a 14-d ... | 2014 | 24666265 |
| modeling the fate of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica in the agricultural environment: current perspective. | the significance of fresh vegetable consumption on human nutrition and health is well recognized. human infections with escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica linked to fresh vegetable consumption have become a serious public health problem inflicting a heavy economic burden. the use of contaminated livestock wastes such as manure and manure slurry in crop production is believed to be one of the principal routes of fresh vegetable contamination with e. coli o157:h7 and s. enterica at p ... | 2014 | 24665963 |
| inverse agonist of estrogen-related receptor γ controls salmonella typhimurium infection by modulating host iron homeostasis. | in response to microbial infection, expression of the defensin-like peptide hepcidin (encoded by hamp) is induced in hepatocytes to decrease iron release from macrophages. to elucidate the mechanism by which salmonella enterica var. typhimurium (s. typhimurium), an intramacrophage bacterium, alters host iron metabolism for its own survival, we examined the role of nuclear receptor family members belonging to the nr3b subfamily in mouse hepatocytes. here, we report that estrogen-related receptor ... | 2014 | 24658075 |
| decline of salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis infections, taiwan. | | 2014 | 24655558 |
| awareness, perceived relevance, and acceptance of large animal hospital surveillance and infection control practices by referring veterinarians and clients. | to assess awareness, perceived relevance, and acceptance of surveillance and infection control practices at a large animal referral hospital among referring veterinarians and clients who sent horses to the facility for veterinary care. | 2014 | 24649995 |
| antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi in south asia-current status, issues and prospects. | the human race owes a debt of gratitude to antimicrobial agents, penicillin and its successors that have saved people from tremendous pain and suffering in the last several decades. unfortunately, this consideration is no more true, as millions of people are prone to the challenging threat of emergence of antimicrobial resistance worldwide and the menace is more distressing in developing countries. comparable with other bacterial species, salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) and paratyph ... | 2015 | 24645636 |
| purification of o-specific polysaccharide from lipopolysaccharide produced by salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a. | the o specific polysaccharide (osp) of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a is a protective antigen and the target for vaccine development. lps is the major constituent of the outer membrane of s. paratyphi a with the osp exposed on the surface, in addition to the cell associated lps a large amount of free lps was present in the fermentation broth. a purification method was developed to take advantage of both sources of lps and to maximize recovery of osp. afte ... | 2014 | 24631090 |
| re-examination of immune response and estimation of anti-vi igg protective threshold against typhoid fever-based on the efficacy trial of vi conjugate in young children. | the capsular polysaccharide of salmonella enterica serovar typhi, vi antigen, is an essential virulence factor and a protective antigen. similar to other polysaccharide vaccines, the protective action of vi, both to the polysaccharide alone or when presented as a conjugate, is mediated by serum igg vi antibodies. the evaluation of vi capsular polysaccharide based vaccines to prevent typhoid fever would be significantly facilitated by the identification of a "protective level" of serum antibodies ... | 2014 | 24630869 |
| persistence of fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella enterica serovar kentucky from poultry and poultry sources in nigeria. | this study investigated the antimicrobial resistance and clonality of salmonella enterica serotype kentucky in poultry and poultry sources in nigeria, and compared the isolates with the clone of s. kentucky sti98-x1 cipr using (pfge) and (mic). | 2014 | 24619272 |
| cellular and cytokine responses to salmonella enterica serotype typhi proteins in patients with typhoid fever in bangladesh. | we assessed interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) responses via enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (elispot) to a number of s. typhi antigens in samples from humans with s. typhi bacteremia and typhoid fever in bangladesh. compared with responses in healthy endemic zone controls, there were significantly increased ifn-γ responses at the time of clinical presentation (acute phase) and at convalescence 14-28 days later. the majority (80-90%) of ifn-γ expressing t cells were cd4+. we observed a significant increa ... | 2014 | 24615129 |
| detection of salmonella enterica serovar dublin by polymerase chain reaction in multiplex format. | s. dublin has caused widespread concerns in cattle produce. using a comparative genomic method, two specific targets like sed_a1118 and sed_a2283 for s. dublin identification were firstly obtained. an efficient multiplex pcr for s. dublin detection based on the two novel specific genes and inva was therefore developed. | 2014 | 24607499 |
| contamination of eggs by salmonella enteritidis in experimentally infected laying hens housed in conventional or enriched cages. | both epidemiologic analyses and active disease surveillance confirm an ongoing strong association between human salmonellosis and the prevalence of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar enteritidis in commercial egg flocks. the majority of human illnesses caused by this pathogen are attributed to the consumption of contaminated eggs. animal welfare concerns have increasingly influenced commercial poultry production practices in recent years, but the food safety implications of differen ... | 2014 | 24604868 |
| draft genome sequences of nine salmonella enterica serovar bovismorbificans isolates from various sources. | the sequences of nine genomes of salmonella enterica serovar bovismorbificans were compared to study the diversity and distribution of this emerging virulent serovar. these whole-genome sequences fill some gaps in knowledge of the diversity of the isolates used in this investigation. | 2014 | 24604660 |
| salmonella infections including typhoid disease. | it is estimated that more than 20 million cases of salmonella enterica serotype typhi and 6 million cases of paratyphoid disease occur worldwide annually, with typhoid disease alone causing more than 200,000 deaths. the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination guidelines are discussed. | 2014 | 24604446 |
| shifts in geographic distribution and antimicrobial resistance during a prolonged typhoid fever outbreak--bundibugyo and kasese districts, uganda, 2009-2011. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi is transmitted by fecally contaminated food and water and causes approximately 22 million typhoid fever infections worldwide each year. most cases occur in developing countries, where approximately 4% of patients develop intestinal perforation (ip). in kasese district, uganda, a typhoid fever outbreak notable for a high ip rate began in 2008. we report that this outbreak continued through 2011, when it spread to the neighboring district of bundibugyo. | 2014 | 24603860 |
| synthesis and immunogenicity evaluation of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a o-specific polysaccharide conjugated to diphtheria toxoid. | salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a (s. paratyphi a) is a human restricted pathogen that can cause systemic infection (paratyphoid fever) with recently increased incidence particularly in developing countries. currently there is no licensed vaccine for prevention of infection from s. paratyphi a. in this study the o-specific polysaccharide (osp) of s. paratyphi a was conjugated to diphtheria toxoid (dt) with and without adipic acid dihydrazide (adh) as a linker. binding of the osp to a carri ... | 2014 | 24603090 |
| polyamines are essential for virulence in salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum despite evolutionary decay of polyamine biosynthesis genes. | serovars of salmonella enterica exhibit different host-specificities where some have broad host-ranges and others, like s. gallinarum and s. typhi, are host-specific for poultry and humans, respectively. with the recent availability of whole genome sequences it has been reported that host-specificity coincides with accumulation of pseudogenes, indicating adaptation of host-restricted serovars to their narrow niches. polyamines are small cationic amines and in salmonella they can be synthesized t ... | 2014 | 24602405 |
| salmonella typhi liver abscess overlying a metastatic melanoma. | pyogenic liver abscesses caused by salmonella enterica serotype typhi, although rare, can occur especially in patients with pre-existing hepatobiliary disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and metastatic liver tumors. we present a case of salmonella liver abscesses complicating metastatic melanoma in a 24-year-old alcoholic male. | 2014 | 24591434 |
| serotype-associated polymorphisms in a partial rpob gene sequence of salmonella enterica. | salmonella enterica is a zoonotic bacterium with more than 2500 serotypes, which affect a wide range of hosts and produce diverse clinical outcomes. strain identification usually involves costly and time-demanding procedures. this paper describes the sequencing of a rpob hypervariable gene segment (847 bp) that allows identification of serotypes in s. enterica strains isolated from several hosts. the nucleotide similarity values among s. enterica serotypes ranged from 98.23% to 99.88%, with pote ... | 2014 | 24588392 |
| epidemiological evidence that garden birds are a source of human salmonellosis in england and wales. | the importance of wild bird populations as a reservoir of zoonotic pathogens is well established. salmonellosis is a frequently diagnosed infectious cause of mortality of garden birds in england and wales, predominantly caused by salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium definitive phage types 40, 56(v) and 160. in britain, these phage types are considered highly host-adapted with a high degree of genetic similarity amongst isolates, and in some instances are clonal. pulsed fie ... | 2014 | 24586464 |
| prevalence of quinolone resistance determinants in non-typhoidal salmonella isolates from human origin in extremadura, spain. | resistance to the quinolones nalidixic acid (nal) and ciprofloxacin (cip) and the occurrence of quinolone resistance determinants have been investigated in 300 non-typhoidal salmonella from human origin, isolated in the years between 2004 and 2008, in 6 hospitals within extremadura (spain). salmonella enteritidis was the major serotype found among quinolone-resistant isolates, most of which were clustered by clonal analysis to a single clone, which presented d87 or s83 substitutions in gyra. ele ... | 2014 | 24581744 |
| antibiogram profile of salmonella enterica serovar typhi in india - a two year study. | typhoid fever continues to remain a major health problem in the developing world, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (mdr) strains has further reduced therapeutic options for treatment of the disease. the national salmonella and escherichia centre in kasauli, india received 128 salmonella typhi isolates during 2008-2009. these were evaluated for antimicrobial resistance, prevalent resistotypes and the proportion of mdr strains, using standard methods for 11 antimicrobials. an abrupt decrea ... | 2013 | 24575241 |
| bacteriophage-induced reduction in salmonella enteritidis counts in the crop of broiler chickens undergoing preslaughter feed withdrawal. | salmonella food poisoning is a public health problem. feed withdrawal from broiler chickens before slaughter can favor the multiplication of salmonella in the cecum and crop of contaminated animals and subsequently lead to contamination of carcasses in the processing plant. in the present study, a cocktail of lytic bacteriophages isolated from sewage water was orally administered to 45-d-old broiler chickens 1 h after they received an oral dose of 10(7) cfu/ml salmonella enterica subspecies ente ... | 2014 | 24570442 |
| investigation of the use of pooled faecal and environmental samples following an enrichment step for the detection of salmonella enterica by real-time pcr. | | 2014 | 24570410 |
| salmonella enterica arthritis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy. | anti-tumour necrosis factor (tnf) monoclonal antibodies have become an invaluable treatment against chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (ra). however, due to increased risk of opportunistic infections, patients receiving anti-tnf therapy should be closely monitored for serious infections. here, we describe a case of acute salmonella_enteritidis infection of a joint arthroplasty that previously was functioning well, in a patient receiving infliximab treatment for ra. after ... | 2013 | 24564054 |
| molecular epidemiology of salmonella enterica serovar kottbus isolated in germany from humans, food and animals. | salmonella enterica serovar kottbus has been continuously isolated from poultry and poultry meat, especially from turkey. we investigated by comparative molecular typing 95 s. kottbus isolates obtained in germany between 2000 and 2011 from poultry/poultry meat, pig/pork, cattle, reptiles, the environment as well as from human cases to identify potential infection sources for humans, especially the role of poultry and poultry products as vehicle in transmission of s. kottbus isolates to humans. m ... | 2014 | 24559660 |
| draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica serovar typhi strain sth2370. | we report the draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica serovar typhi strain sth2370, isolated from a typhoid fever patient in santiago, chile. this clinical isolate has been used as the reference wild-type strain in numerous studies conducted in our laboratories during the last 15 years. | 2014 | 24558245 |
| draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum strain fcav198, a brazilian chicken pathogen. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum is a bird-restricted pathogen which causes pullorum disease. the strain fcav198 was isolated from a pool of chicken ovaries in brazil, and its genome may be helpful for studies involving molecular mechanisms related to pathogenesis and other related applications. | 2014 | 24558231 |
| comparison of salmonella typhi and paratyphi a occurrence in a tertiary care hospital. | enteric fever is an important public health problem in many underdeveloped and developing countries. in india, though salmonella enterica serotype typhi remains the predominant salmonella species causing enteric fever, isolation of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a is increasing. it occurs in all age groups and more common in summer season affecting mainly children. | 2013 | 24551623 |
| response of medicago truncatula seedlings to colonization by salmonella enterica and escherichia coli o157:h7. | disease outbreaks due to the consumption of legume seedlings contaminated with human enteric bacterial pathogens like escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica are reported every year. besides contaminations occurring during food processing, pathogens present on the surface or interior of plant tissues are also responsible for such outbreaks. in the present study, surface and internal colonization of medicago truncatula, a close relative of alfalfa, by salmonella enterica and escherichia ... | 2014 | 24551073 |
| outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype infantis infection in humans linked to dry dog food in the united states and canada, 2012. | case description--in april 2012, salmonella enterica serotype infantis was detected in an unopened bag of dry dog food collected during routine retail surveillance. pulsenet, a national bacterial subtyping network, identified humans with salmonella infantis infection with the same genetic fingerprint as the dog food sample. clinical findings--an outbreak investigation identified 53 ill humans infected with the outbreak strain during january 1 to july 5, 2012, in 21 states and 2 provinces in cana ... | 2014 | 24548229 |
| isolation and characterization of salmonella enterica in day-old ducklings in egypt. | importing day-old ducklings (dod) unknowingly infected with non-typhoid salmonella (nts) may be associated with disease risk. domestic and international trade may enhance this risk. salmonella enterica serovars, their virulence genes combinations and antibiotic resistance, garner attention for their potentiality to contribute to the adverse health effects on populations throughout the world. the aim of this study was to estimate the risk of imported versus domestic dod as potential carriers of n ... | 2014 | 24548159 |
| practical considerations of surveillance of salmonella serovars other than enteritidis and typhimurium. | non-typhoid salmonella serovars other than salmonella enterica serovars s. enteritidis (se) and s.typhimurium (st) are isolated throughout the world with huge variations in prevalence. besides the more generally occurring serovars, such as s. infantis and s. hadar, there are many examples of serovars that are principally reported from the regions and are most probably associated with local reservoirs. in most countries of the world, no formal surveillance systems for human salmonellosis are in p ... | 2013 | 24547654 |
| design of a comprehensive biochemistry and molecular biology experiment: phase variation caused by recombinational regulation of bacterial gene expression. | scientific experiments are indispensable parts of biochemistry and molecular biology. in this study, a comprehensive biochemistry and molecular biology experiment about salmonella enterica serovar typhi flagellar phase variation has been designed. it consisted of three parts, namely, inducement of bacterial flagellar phase variation, antibody agglutination test, and pcr analysis. phase variation was observed by baterial motility assay and identified by antibody agglutination test and pcr analysi ... | 2014 | 24535961 |
| the consequences of a sudden demographic change on the seroprevalence pattern, virulence genes, identification and characterisation of integron-mediated antibiotic resistance in the salmonella enterica isolated from clinically diarrhoeic humans in egypt. | the present study was undertaken to identify and characterise integrons and integrated resistance gene cassettes among eight multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella serovars isolated from humans in egypt. virulotyping by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used for the detection of the presence of virulence genes. integron pcr was used to detect the presence of class 1 in the mdr strains. the associated individual resistance gene cassettes were identified using specific pcrs. the isolated serovars ... | 2014 | 24535570 |
| jcti-i: a novel trypsin inhibitor from jatropha curcas seed cake with potential for bacterial infection treatment. | jatropha curcas seed cake is a low-value by-product resulting from biodiesel production. the seed cake is highly toxic, but it has great potential for biotechnology applications as it is a repository of biomolecules that could be important in agriculture, medicine, and industry. to explore this potential, a novel trypsin inhibitor called jcti-i was purified by fractionation of the crude extract with trichloroacetic acid (2.5%, v/v) followed by affinity chromatography (trypsin-sepharose 4b) and m ... | 2014 | 24523715 |
| investigation of a food-borne salmonella oranienburg outbreak in a mexican prison. | gastroenteritis outbreaks in prisons represent a public health risk worldwide. identifying and characterizing the etiological agents of gastroenteritis outbreaks in prisons is important for implementing effective prevention and infection control measures. we present the first studied case of a gastroenteritis outbreak in a mexican prison. | 2014 | 24518623 |
| multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin. | salmonella serovar dublin causes disease in cattle and leads to considerable production losses. in humans, severe invasive disease and high mortality rates are reported. the presently available typing methods provide insufficient discrimination within salm. dublin for epidemiological investigations. in this study, we developed a multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) scheme for high discriminatory typing of salm. dublin. | 2014 | 24517207 |
| presence of salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, yersinia pseudotuberculosis and escherichia coli o157:h7 in wild boars. | the european wild boar populations are growing and spreading to new areas, which might constitute a threat to public health, since wild boar can harbour pathogens with the potential to cause serious illness in humans. tonsils, ileocaecal lymph nodes and faecal samples were collected from 88 swedish wild boars and analysed for the presence of the zoonotic pathogens salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, y. pseudotuberculosis and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 (ehec). a combination ... | 2014 | 24512817 |
| risk factors for the development of severe typhoid fever in vietnam. | typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by the bacterium salmonella enterica serovar typhi. age, sex, prolonged duration of illness, and infection with an antimicrobial resistant organism have been proposed risk factors for the development of severe disease or fatality in typhoid fever. | 2014 | 24512443 |
| rapid salmonella detection in experimentally inoculated equine faecal and veterinary hospital environmental samples using commercially available lateral flow immunoassays. | salmonella enterica is the most commonly reported cause of outbreaks of nosocomial infections in large animal veterinary teaching hospitals and the closure of equine hospitals. rapid detection may facilitate effective control practices in equine populations. shipping and laboratory testing typically require ≥48 h to obtain results. lateral flow immunoassays developed for use in food-safety microbiology provide an alternative that has not been evaluated for use with faeces or environmental sample ... | 2015 | 24506224 |
| evaluation of whole genome sequencing for outbreak detection of salmonella enterica. | salmonella enterica is a common cause of minor and large food borne outbreaks. to achieve successful and nearly 'real-time' monitoring and identification of outbreaks, reliable sub-typing is essential. whole genome sequencing (wgs) shows great promises for using as a routine epidemiological typing tool. here we evaluate wgs for typing of s. typhimurium including different approaches for analyzing and comparing the data. a collection of 34 s. typhimurium isolates was sequenced. this consisted of ... | 2014 | 24505344 |
| variations in motility and biofilm formation of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) exhibits unique characteristics as an intracellular human pathogen. it causes both acute and chronic infection with various disease manifestations in the human host only. the principal factors underlying the unique lifestyle of motility and biofilm forming ability of s. typhi remain largely unknown. the main objective of this study was to explore and investigate the motility and biofilm forming behaviour among s. typhi strains of diverse background. | 2014 | 24499680 |
| dietary supplementation with soluble plantain non-starch polysaccharides inhibits intestinal invasion of salmonella typhimurium in the chicken. | soluble fibres (non-starch polysaccharides, nsp) from edible plants but particularly plantain banana (musa spp.), have been shown in vitro and ex vivo to prevent various enteric pathogens from adhering to, or translocating across, the human intestinal epithelium, a property that we have termed contrabiotic. here we report that dietary plantain fibre prevents invasion of the chicken intestinal mucosa by salmonella. in vivo experiments were performed with chicks fed from hatch on a pellet diet con ... | 2014 | 24498347 |
| bacterial population structure and dynamics during the development of almond drupes. | to describe the bacterial populations and their dynamics during the development of almond drupes. | 2014 | 24494712 |
| a low gastric ph mouse model to evaluate live attenuated bacterial vaccines. | the low ph of the stomach serves as a barrier to ingested microbes and must be overcome or bypassed when delivering live bacteria for vaccine or probiotic applications. typically, the impact of stomach acidity on bacterial survival is evaluated in vitro, as there are no small animal models to evaluate these effects in vivo. to better understand the effect of this low ph barrier to live attenuated salmonella vaccines, which are often very sensitive to low ph, we investigated the value of the hist ... | 2014 | 24489912 |
| in-feed use of heavy metal micronutrients in u.s. swine production systems and its role in persistence of multidrug-resistant salmonellae. | the study aimed to characterize the role of heavy metal micronutrients in swine feed in emergence of heavy-metal-tolerant and multidrug-resistant salmonella organisms. we conducted a longitudinal study in 36 swine barns over a 2-year period. the feed and fecal levels of cu(2+) and zn(2+) were measured. salmonella was isolated at early and late finishing. mics of copper sulfate and zinc chloride were measured using agar dilution. antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the kirby-bauer metho ... | 2014 | 24487542 |
| evaluation of efficacy, biodistribution and safety of antibiotic-free plasmid encoding somatostatin genes delivered by attenuated salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis. | we describe here a balanced-lethal system using an asd(+) expression plasmid pvgs/2ss-asd encoding two copies of somatostatin (ss) genes carried by δasd/δcrp double mutant salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis (named c501). the advantage of this novel system is the use of asd (aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) gene as selection marker to replace the antibiotic resistance markers, thus eliminating the industrial cultivation and environmental problems. we then evaluated the efficacy, biodis ... | 2014 | 24486312 |
| one health and food-borne disease: salmonella transmission between humans, animals, and plants. | there are >2,600 recognized serovars of salmonella enterica. many of these salmonella serovars have a broad host range and can infect a wide variety of animals, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and insects. in addition, salmonella can grow in plants and can survive in protozoa, soil, and water. hence, broad-host-range salmonella can be transmitted via feces from wild animals, farm animals, and pets or by consumption of a wide variety of common foods: poultry, beef, pork, egg ... | 2014 | 26082128 |
| lack of efflux mediated quinolone resistance in salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a. | salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a isolates from human patients in france displaying different levels of resistance to quinolones or fluoroquinolones were studied for resistance mechanisms to these antimicrobial agents. all resistant isolates carried either single or multiple target gene mutations (i.e., in gyra, gyrb, or parc) correlating with the resistance levels observed. active efflux, through upregulation of multipartite efflux systems, has also been previously reported as ... | 2014 | 24478769 |
| a gene knock-in method used to purify plasmid pspi12 from salmonella enterica serovar pullorum and characterization of ipaj. | a small plasmid with 4080 bp long, designated pspi12, was purified from salmonella enterica serovar pullorum using a gene knock-in method by inserting a kanamycin resistance cassette in the plasmid. the g+c content of the plasmid was 51.8%, which is in the range of salmonella genomic dna. a sequence analysis revealed that pspi12 had 99.1% homology to psfd10, which was first reported in the vaccine strain s. enterica serovar chloreaesuis c500, but not prevalent among other strains of s. chloreaes ... | 2014 | 24468333 |
| different efficiency of ozonated water washing to inactivate salmonella enterica typhimurium on green onions, grape tomatoes, and green leaf lettuces. | ozonated water washing is one of the emerging techniques to inactivate foodborne pathogens on produce, and limited information is available to optimize processing parameters (treatment time, temperature, and ph) to improve ozone efficacy on salmonella inactivation for different produce. the efficacy of ozonated water washing for inactivation of salmonella enterica typhimurium on green onions, grape tomatoes and green leaf lettuces were studied in our research. surface inoculated fresh produce we ... | 2014 | 24467482 |
| biofilm formation by salmonella enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- portuguese isolates: a phenotypic, genotypic, and socio-geographic analysis. | biofilm-forming ability is well established as an important virulence factor. however, there are no studies available regarding biofilm formation of salmonella typhimurium 1,4,[5],12:i:-, the new pandemic serovar in europe. to address this problem, biofilm expression by salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- was evaluated using 133 isolates from clinical, environmental and animal origins, collected in portugal from 2006 to 2011. biofilm detection was performed by phenotypic and genotypic methods, such growth ... | 2014 | 24463530 |
| salmonella isolated from individual reptiles and environmental samples from terraria in private households in sweden. | this study investigates salmonella spp. isolated from privately kept reptiles and from environmental samples such as bedding materials or water from the floor of the enclosures (terraria). it also compares isolation of salmonella using modified semisolid rappaport-vassiliadis (msrv) medium or selective enrichment in rappaport-vassiliadis-soya (rvs) pepton broth. cloacal swabs or swabs from the cloacal area were collected from 63 individual reptiles belonging to 14 households. all reptiles were f ... | 2014 | 24461167 |
| complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica serovar agona pulsed-field type sagoxb.0066, cause of a 2008 pan-european outbreak. | salmonella enterica serovar agona is in the top 10 most common nontyphoidal serovars reported in humans in the european union. here we report the complete genome sequence of an s. enterica serovar agona isolate, designated 24249, that was the cause of a pan-european outbreak in 2008 with 163 confirmed cases reported. | 2014 | 24459278 |
| whole-genome sequencing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar cubana strains isolated from agricultural sources. | we report the draft genomes of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar cubana strain cvm42234, isolated from chick feed in 2012, and s. cubana strain 76814, isolated from swine in 2004. the genome sizes are 4,975,046 and 4,936,251 bp, respectively. | 2014 | 24459266 |
| a flagellin-derived toll-like receptor 5 agonist stimulates cytotoxic lymphocyte-mediated tumor immunity. | toll-like receptor (tlr) mediated recognition of pathogen associated molecular patterns allows the immune system to rapidly respond to a pathogenic insult. the "danger context" elicited by tlr agonists allows an initially non-immunogenic antigen to become immunogenic. this ability to alter environment is highly relevant in tumor immunity, since it is inherently difficult for the immune system to recognize host-derived tumors as immunogenic. however, immune cells may have encountered certain tlr ... | 2014 | 24454895 |
| antimicrobial resistance in salmonella strains clinically isolated in hyogo, japan (2009-2012). | the purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents and genetic diversity of 195 clinical strains of salmonella spp., which were isolated and examined for the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) blactx-m gene and the presence of gyra, gyrb, parc, and pare genes mutations in hyogo, japan, from 2009 to 2012. forty-three of the 195 strains were antimicrobial resistant. two salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains, 1 serovar schwarzengrund, and 1 serova ... | 2014 | 24451104 |
| antimicrobial beeswax coated polylactide films with silver control release capacity. | although the application of silver based antimicrobial systems is a widespread technology, its implementation in areas such as food packaging is still challenging. the present paper describes the fabrication of poly(lactic acid) (pla) coated with beeswax with controlled release properties for sustained antimicrobial performance. release of silver ions from the polymers was monitored voltammetrically under various conditions (surface contact, immersion in various liquid media and at different ph ... | 2014 | 24448276 |
| salmonella vaccines: lessons from the mouse model or bad teaching? | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica includes several very important human serovars including typhi, paratyphi, typhimurium and enteritidis. these bacteria cause a significant global burden of disease, typically classified into enteric fever, gastroenteritis and, more recently, invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis (ints). vaccines have been developed for one of these serovars, s. typhi and the recent increase in ints cases has resulted in a push to develop new vaccines that will inhibit disease b ... | 2014 | 24440968 |
| ompr phosphorylation regulates omps1 expression by differentially controlling the use of promoters. | the salmonella enterica omps1 gene encodes a quiescent porin that belongs to the ompc/ompf family. in the present work we analysed the regulatory effects of ompr phosphorylation on omps1 expression. we found that in vivo, ompr in its phosphorylated form (ompr-p) was important in the regulation of the two omps1 promoters: ompr-p activated the p1 promoter and repressed the p2 promoter in an envz-dependent manner; expression occurs from the p2 promoter in an ompr mutant. in vitro, ompr-p had a high ... | 2014 | 24440835 |
| crystal structures of type i dehydroquinate dehydratase in complex with quinate and shikimate suggest a novel mechanism of schiff base formation. | a component of the shikimate biosynthetic pathway, dehydroquinate dehydratase (dhqd) catalyzes the dehydration of 3-dehydroquniate (dhq) to 3-dehydroshikimate. in the type i dhqd reaction mechanism a lysine forms a schiff base intermediate with dhq. the schiff base acts as an electron sink to facilitate the catalytic dehydration. to address the mechanism of schiff base formation, we determined structures of the salmonella enterica wild-type dhqd in complex with the substrate analogue quinate and ... | 2014 | 24437575 |
| the zupt transporter plays an important role in zinc homeostasis and contributes to salmonella enterica virulence. | zinc is an essential metal for cellular homeostasis and function in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. to acquire this essential nutrient, bacteria employ transporters characterized by different affinity for the metal. several studies have investigated the role of the high affinity transporter znuabc in the bacterial response to zinc shortage, showing that this transporter has a key role in adapting bacteria to zinc starvation. in contrast, the role of the low affinity zinc importer zupt has been ... | 2014 | 24430377 |
| live oral salmonella enterica serovar typhi vaccines ty21a and cvd 909 induce opsonophagocytic functional antibodies in humans that cross-react with s. paratyphi a and s. paratyphi b. | live oral salmonella enterica serovar typhi vaccine ty21a induces specific antibodies that cross-react against salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a and salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi b, although their functional role in clearance remains unknown. we utilized an in vitro assay with thp-1 macrophages to compare the phagocytosis and survival of salmonella opsonized with heat-inactivated human sera obtained before and after vaccination with ty21a or a live oral s. typhi vaccine, cvd 909. o ... | 2014 | 24429069 |
| how the structure of the large subunit controls function in an oxygen-tolerant [nife]-hydrogenase. | salmonella enterica is an opportunistic pathogen that produces a [nife]-hydrogenase under aerobic conditions. in the present study, genetic engineering approaches were used to facilitate isolation of this enzyme, termed hyd-5. the crystal structure was determined to a resolution of 3.2 å and the hydro-genase was observed to comprise associated large and small subunits. the structure indicated that his229 from the large subunit was close to the proximal [4fe-3s] cluster in the small subunit. in a ... | 2014 | 24428762 |
| comparative virulotyping of salmonella typhi and salmonella enteritidis. | members of salmonella enterica are important foodborne pathogens of significant public health concern worldwide. this study aimed to determine a range of virulence genes among typhoidal (s. typhi) and non-typhoidal (s. enteritidis) strains isolated from different geographical regions and different years. a total of 87 s. typhi and 94 s. enteritidis strains were tested for presence of 22 virulence genes by employing multiplex pcr and the genetic relatedness of these strains was further characteri ... | 2013 | 24426144 |
| repression of flagella is a common trait in field isolates of salmonella enterica serovar dublin and is associated with invasive human infections. | the nontyphoidal salmonella enterica serovar dublin is adapted to cattle but infrequently infects humans, very often resulting in invasive infections with high levels of morbidity and mortality. a salmonella-induced intestinal acute inflammatory response is postulated as a mechanism to prevent bacterial dissemination to systemic sites. in s. enterica serovar typhimurium, flagella contribute to this response by providing motility and flic-mediated activation of pattern recognition receptors. in t ... | 2014 | 24421045 |
| an immunoproteomic approach for characterization of the outer membrane proteins of salmonella gallinarum. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (sg) is an important pathogen that causes fowl typhoid in chickens. in order to investigate sg outer membrane proteins (omps) as potential vaccine candidate proteins, we established a proteomic map and database of antigenic sg-omps. a total of 174 spots were detected by 2de. twenty-two antigen-reactive spots were identified as nine specific proteins using pmf. ompa was the most abundant protein among all of the identified omps, and it exhibited seven protei ... | 2014 | 24420792 |
| application of molecular biological techniques to analyze salmonella seasonal distribution in stream water. | salmonella is a leading cause of waterborne diseases. salmonella can survive for a long time in aquatic environments, and its persistence in the environment is of great concern to public health. nonetheless, the presence and diversity of salmonella in the aquatic environments in most areas remain relatively unknown. in this study, we examined three analytical processes for an optimum salmonella detection method, and the optimized method was used to evaluate seasonal variations of salmonella in a ... | 2014 | 24417320 |
| properties of cassava starch-based edible coating containing essential oils. | edible coatings were produced using cassava starch (2% and 3% w/v) containing cinnamon bark (0.05% to 0.30% v/v) or fennel (0.05% to 0.30% v/v) essential oils. edible cassava starch coating at 2% and 3% (w/v) containing or not containing 0.30% (v/v) of each essential oils conferred increased in water vapor resistance and decreased in the respiration rates of coated apple slices when compared with uncoated fruit. cassava starch coatings (2% w/v) added 0.10% or 0.30% (v/v) fennel or cinnamon bark ... | 2014 | 24410449 |
| antibiotic resistance and diversity of salmonella enterica serovars associated with broiler chickens. | the objective of this study was to analyze the antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype of salmonella isolated from broiler production facilities. a total of 193 salmonella isolates recovered from commercial farms in british columbia, canada, were evaluated. susceptibility to antibiotics was determined with the sensititre system. virulence and antibiotic resistance genes were detected by pcr assay. genetic diversity was determined by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) typing. seventeen s ... | 2014 | 24405997 |
| only one of the two type vi secretion systems encoded in the salmonella enterica serotype dublin genome is involved in colonization of the avian and murine hosts. | the type vi secretion system (t6ss) is a virulence factor for many gram-negative bacteria. salmonella genus harbors five phylogenetically distinct t6ss loci encoded in salmonella pathogenicity islands (spis) spi-6, spi-19, spi-20, spi-21 and spi-22, which are differentially distributed among serotypes. the t6sss encoded in spi-6 and spi-19 contribute to pathogenesis of serotypes typhimurium and gallinarum in mice and chickens, respectively. salmonella dublin is a pathogen restricted to cattle wh ... | 2014 | 24405577 |
| increased bile resistance in salmonella enterica mutants lacking prc periplasmic protease. | prc is a periplasmic protease involved in processing of penicillin-binding protein 3 (pbp3). lack of prc suppresses bile sensitivity in dam-, wec-, phop-, damx-, and seqa- mutants of salmonella enterica, and increases bile resistance in the wild type. changes in the activity of penicillin binding proteins pbp3, pbp4, pbp5/6 and pbp7 are detected in a prc- background, suggesting that peptidoglycan remodeling might contribute to bile resistance. | 2013 | 24400526 |
| muscle abscess due to salmonella enterica. | non typhoidal salmonellae spp. causes clinical symptoms especially in neonates, infants, aged and immunocompromised patients. hematogenous dissemination may occur in complicated cases whereas the formation of abscess is rare. a 61-year old woman presented to our hospital with pain and a mass in her left arm, without fever and leukocytosis. she was using methotrexate, corticosteroids and quinine for rheumatoid arthritis. she had a history of cervix cancer and was given radiotherapy and chemothera ... | 2013 | 24396582 |
| revised ciprofloxacin breakpoints for salmonella: is it time to write an obituary? | to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin among 50 blood stream isolates of salmonella enterica. | 2013 | 24392374 |
| inhibition of macrophage autophagy induced by salmonella enterica serovar typhi plasmid. | pr(st98), a chimeric plasmid isolated from salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi), is involved in bacterial multidrug-resistance and virulence, however, its exact contributions to bacterial pathogenesis are still not fully understood. to investigate whether pr(st98) exhibits potential to mediate macrophage autophagy and apoptosis, murine macrophage-like cell line (j774a.1) was infected with wild type strain (s. typhi-wt), mutant strain (s. typhi-deltapr(st98)) and complement of s. typhi-de ... | 2014 | 24389197 |
| characterization of the yehut two-component regulatory system of salmonella enterica serovar typhi and typhimurium. | proteins exhibiting hyper-variable sequences within a bacterial pathogen may be associated with host adaptation. several lineages of the monophyletic pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) have accumulated non-synonymous mutations in the putative two-component regulatory system yehut. consequently we evaluated the function of yehut in s. typhi brd948 and s. typhimurium st4/74. transcriptome analysis identified the csta gene, encoding a carbon starvation protein as the predominantl ... | 2013 | 24386394 |
| the global establishment of a highly-fluoroquinolone resistant salmonella enterica serotype kentucky st198 strain. | while the spread of salmonella enterica serotype kentucky resistant to ciprofloxacin across africa and the middle-east has been described recently, the presence of this strain in humans, food, various animal species (livestock, pets, and wildlife) and in environment is suspected in other countries of different continents. here, we report results of an in-depth molecular epidemiological study on a global human and non-human collection of s. kentucky (n = 70). we performed xbai-pulsed field gel el ... | 2013 | 24385975 |
| extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and ampc β-lactamase-producing d-tartrate-positive salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi b from broilers and human patients in belgium, 2008-10. | to characterize the genetic determinants responsible for extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc) resistance of d-tartrate-positive salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar paratyphi b (serovar paratyphi b dt+) strains that have emerged in poultry and humans in belgium during 2008-10. | 2014 | 24379303 |
| salmonellosis and meat purchased at live-bird and animal-slaughter markets, united states, 2007-2012. | | 2014 | 24377875 |
| nested sampling for bayesian model comparison in the context of salmonella disease dynamics. | understanding the mechanisms underlying the observed dynamics of complex biological systems requires the statistical assessment and comparison of multiple alternative models. although this has traditionally been done using maximum likelihood-based methods such as akaike's information criterion (aic), bayesian methods have gained in popularity because they provide more informative output in the form of posterior probability distributions. however, comparison between multiple models in a bayesian ... | 2013 | 24376528 |
| effect of the motb(d33n) mutation on stator assembly and rotation of the proton-driven bacterial flagellar motor. | the bacterial flagellar motor generates torque by converting the energy of proton translocation through the transmembrane proton channel of the stator complex formed by mota and motb. the mota/b complex is thought to be anchored to the peptidoglycan (pg) layer through the pg-binding domain of motb to act as the stator. the stator units dynamically associate with and dissociate from the motor during flagellar motor rotation, and an electrostatic interaction between mota and a rotor protein flig i ... | 2014 | 27493496 |
| salmonella virchow infection of the chicken elicits cellular and humoral systemic and mucosal responses, but limited protection to homologous or heterologous re-challenge. | salmonella enterica serovar virchow usually causes mild gastroenteritis in humans; however, it is frequently invasive and many isolates are resistant to a broad-range of therapeutic antimicrobials. poultry meat is considered a major source of human infection. in this study, we characterize the infection biology and immune response to s. virchow in chickens and determine protection against homologous and heterologous re-challenge, with s. virchow or s. typhimurium. following oral infection of 7-d ... | 2014 | 26664914 |
| immunoproteomic analysis of antibody in lymphocyte supernatant in patients with typhoid fever in bangladesh. | we have previously shown that an assay based on detection of anti-salmonella enterica serotype typhi antibodies in supernatant of lymphocytes harvested from patients presenting with typhoid fever (antibody in lymphocyte supernatant [als] assay) can identify 100% of patients with blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever in bangladesh. in order to define immunodominant proteins within the s. typhi membrane preparation used as antigen in these prior studies and to identify potential biomarkers unique ... | 2014 | 24371257 |
| intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin among salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates in lima, peru. | thirty-three salmonella enterica serovar typhi blood isolates from lima, peru (2008 to 2012), were fully susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, and tetracycline; 8/33 (24.2%) showed intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin carrying mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of the gyra gene (ser83-phe and asp87-asn) and in the gyrb gene (ser464-phe). | 2014 | 24371234 |
| salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis outbreak at a long-term care facility, connecticut, 2012. | in may of 2012, the connecticut department of public health (dph) was notified of three hospitalized residents of a long-term care facility (ltcf) who had gastrointestinal illness, one of whom had a stool culture positive for salmonella enterica. a multiagency outbreak investigation was initiated and identified a total of 21 possible salmonellosis cases; nine were culture-confirmed salmonella serotype enteritidis with an indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern (pfge). this rep ... | 2013 | 24367841 |
| sensitive detection and serovar differentiation of typhoidal and nontyphoidal salmonella enterica species using 16s rrna gene pcr coupled with high-resolution melt analysis. | salmonella enterica species infections are a significant public health problem causing high morbidity rates worldwide and high mortality rates in the developing world. these infections are not always rapidly diagnosed as a cause of bloodstream infections because of the limitations of blood culture, which greatly affects clinical care as a result of treatment delays. a molecular diagnostic assay that could rapidly detect and identify s. enterica species infections as a cause of sepsis is needed. ... | 2014 | 24365382 |
| commonly used disinfectants fail to eradicate salmonella enterica biofilms from food contact surface materials. | salmonellosis is the second most common cause of food-borne illness worldwide. contamination of surfaces in food processing environments may result in biofilm formation with a risk of food contamination. effective decontamination of biofilm-contaminated surfaces is challenging. using the cdc biofilm reactor, the activities of sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide, and benzalkonium chloride were examined against an early (48-h) and relatively mature (168-h) salmonella biofilm. all 3 agents result ... | 2014 | 24362427 |
| hemorrhagic colitis associated with salmonella enterica serotype infantis infection in a captive western lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla) in brazil. | enteric diseases are among the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in gorillas, and it is often caused by bacteria. | 2014 | 24359673 |