| stabilization of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles by a polyhydroxyalkanoate obtained from mixed bacterial culture. | the incorporation of antimicrobials into polymer matrices is a promising technology in the food packaging and biomedical areas. among the most widely used antimicrobials, silver nanoparticles (agnps) have emerged as one of the most researched technologies to prevent microbial outbreaks. however, it is known that agnps are rather unstable and present patterns of agglomeration that might limit their application. in this work, agnps were produced by chemical reduction in suspensions of an unpurifie ... | 2014 | 25043131 |
| case report: failure under azithromycin treatment in a case of bacteremia due to salmonella enterica paratyphi a. | limited information is available regarding the clinical efficacy of azithromycin for the treatment of enteric fever due to fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi among travelers returning to their home countries. | 2014 | 25041573 |
| using transcriptional control to increase titers of secreted heterologous proteins by the type iii secretion system. | the type iii secretion system (t3ss) encoded at the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) locus secretes protein directly from the cytosol to the culture media in a concerted, one-step process, bypassing the periplasm. while this approach is attractive for heterologous protein production, product titers are too low for many applications. in addition, the expression of the spi-1 gene cluster is subject to native regulation, which requires culturing conditions that are not ideal for high-densi ... | 2014 | 25038096 |
| identification of the docking site between a type iii secretion system atpase and a chaperone for effector cargo. | a number of gram-negative pathogens utilize type iii secretion systems (t3sss) to inject bacterial effector proteins into the host. an important component of t3sss is a conserved atpase that captures chaperone-effector complexes and energizes their dissociation to facilitate effector translocation. to date, there has been limited work characterizing the chaperone-t3ss atpase interaction despite it being a fundamental aspect of t3ss function. in this study, we present the 2.1 å resolution crystal ... | 2014 | 25035427 |
| effectiveness of a novel spontaneous carvacrol nanoemulsion against salmonella enterica enteritidis and escherichia coli o157:h7 on contaminated mung bean and alfalfa seeds. | outbreaks of foodborne illness from consumption of sprouts have been linked to contaminated seeds prior to germination. due to the long sprouting period at ambient temperatures and high humidity, germinating seeds contaminated with low pathogen levels (0.1logcfu/g) can result in sprouts with high numbers (≥10(8)cfu/g) of pathogens. currently, the recommended treatment method involves soaking seeds in 20,000ppm (2%) calcium hypochlorite prior to germination. in this study, an alternative treatmen ... | 2014 | 25033425 |
| induction of resistant mutants of salmonella enterica serotype typhi under ciprofloxacin selective pressure. | infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhi (hereafter s. typhi) is an important public health problem in india. there has been an increase in the number of reported clinical failures to ciprofloxacin treatment but the data on possible mechanism of failure are limited. one mechanism that has been widely reported and found associated with ciprofloxacin resistance, is the mutations in target genes in qrdr (quinolone resistance determining region). it is hypothesized that mutations in dna gyra ... | 2014 | 25027085 |
| characterization of the emerging clinically-relevant multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype 4,[5],12:i:- (monophasic variant of s. typhimurium) clones. | to better understand the recent success/emergence of salmonella enterica serotype 4,[5],12:i:- we characterized the population diversity, fljab deletion patterns, antibiotic resistance features and associated genetic elements of a comprehensive collection obtained in the last decade from portugal (2002-2010). one hundred thirty-one isolates from human clinical specimens, food, environment and piggeries, verified by pcr as s. 4,[5],12:i:-, were studied for clonality (pulsed-field gel electrophore ... | 2014 | 25022446 |
| defined single-gene and multi-gene deletion mutant collections in salmonella enterica sv typhimurium. | we constructed two collections of targeted single gene deletion (sgd) mutants and two collections of targeted multi-gene deletion (mgd) mutants in salmonella enterica sv typhimurium 14028s. the sgd mutant collections contain (1), 3517 mutants in which a single gene is replaced by a cassette containing a kanamycin resistance (kanr) gene oriented in the sense direction (sgd-k), and (2), 3376 mutants with a chloramphenicol resistance gene (camr) oriented in the antisense direction (sgd-c). a combin ... | 2014 | 25007190 |
| endogenous synthesis of 2-aminoacrylate contributes to cysteine sensitivity in salmonella enterica. | rida, the archetype member of the widely conserved rida/yer057c/uk114 family of proteins, prevents reactive enamine/imine intermediates from accumulating in salmonella enterica by catalyzing their hydrolysis to stable keto acid products. in the absence of rida, endogenous 2-aminoacrylate persists in the cellular environment long enough to damage a growing list of essential metabolic enzymes. prior studies have focused on the dehydration of serine by the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp)-dependent ser ... | 2014 | 25002544 |
| emergency endovascular aortic repair of a ruptured mycotic aorto-iliac aneurysm presenting with lumbar radiculopathy. | ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm is life-threatening without immediate management. the initial clinical presentation is non-specific and impending rupture is easily missed, especially without a ct scan. we present a case of a 56-year-old man with low-back pain and left lower-extremity numbness, which was diagnosed as a herniated intervertebral disc (hivd) with left acute sciatica syndrome. he also complained of persistent fever and abdominal discomfort. routine blood work-up revealed leukocyto ... | 2014 | 25000523 |
| phylogenetic and population genetic analysis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strains isolated in japan using whole genome sequence data. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis has been reported to be carried asymptomatically in chickens and isolated from some human patients with diarrhea. the aim of this study was to investigate the phylogeny of s. infantis strains isolated in japan from chicken meat, chicken egg shells, environmental samples from a grading and packing center for chicken eggs (gp center), diarrhea patients, and asymptomatic carriers based on whole genome sequence data. the s. infantis strains were i ... | 2014 | 24999237 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhi conceals the invasion-associated type three secretion system from the innate immune system by gene regulation. | delivery of microbial products into the mammalian cell cytosol by bacterial secretion systems is a strong stimulus for triggering pro-inflammatory host responses. here we show that salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi), the causative agent of typhoid fever, tightly regulates expression of the invasion-associated type iii secretion system (t3ss-1) and thus fails to activate these innate immune signaling pathways. the s. typhi regulatory protein tvia rapidly repressed t3ss-1 expression, the ... | 2014 | 24992093 |
| relative survival of four serotypes of salmonella enterica in low-water activity whey protein powder held at 36 and 70°c at various water activity levels. | salmonella enterica is not able to grow at water activity (aw) levels below 0.94, but it can survive in low-aw foods for long periods of time. temperature, aw, substrate, and serotype affect its persistence. the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of temperature and aw on the relative persistence among four serotypes of salmonella enterica in low-aw whey protein powder. whey protein powder was equilibrated to aws 0.18 ± 0.02 and 0.54 ± 0.03, inoculated with a cocktail of salmonella s ... | 2014 | 24988029 |
| passive immunity stimulated by vaccination of dry cows with a salmonella bacterial extract. | diarrhea because of salmonella infection is a cause of neonatal calf diarrhea. the stimulation of passive immunity in the calf by vaccinating the dam for salmonella has shown some success in previous studies; however, there are no data on the use of currently licensed vaccines in the united states. | 2017 | 24986262 |
| rpos impacts the lag phase of salmonella enterica during osmotic stress. | salmonella enterica can survive harsh environmental conditions, including hyperosmotic stress. it is well established that the alternative sigma factor, σ(s) (rpos), is required for maximal survival of enteric pathogens, including s. enterica. although rpos levels are greatest during stationary phase or stress conditions, rpos can be found in s. enterica during growth. however, its activity during growth is poorly characterized. in this study, the impact of rpos levels on the growth of s. enteri ... | 2014 | 24985365 |
| estimating the number of human cases of ceftiofur-resistant salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg in québec and ontario, canada. | a stochastic model was used to estimate the number of human cases of ceftiofur-resistant salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg in québec and ontario attributable to chicken consumption and excess cases attributable to human prior antimicrobial consumption. the annual mean incidence of s. heidelberg (québec/ontario) decreased from 70/62 cases per 100 000 in 2004 to 29/30 cases per 100 000 in 2007 (québec)/2008 (ontario), increasing to 59/45 cases per 100 000 in 2011. the annual mean incidence of ... | 2014 | 24982036 |
| development of multiplex pcr for rapid identification of four salmonella serovars most commonly isolated in japan. | more than 2,500 serovars of salmonella species have been reported to date. a multiplex-pcr method was developed and evaluated for discriminating the four salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovars, namely, s. enteritidis, s. typhimurium, s. thompson and s. infantis, most commonly isolated in japan. twenty-two serovars of 84 salmonella strains and 7 species of non-salmonella strains were evaluated using primer pairs specific for the detection of salmonella spp. multiplex pcr generated, with 100% ... | 2014 | 24974650 |
| quinolone-resistant salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis infections associated with international travel. | we found a strong association between nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis infections in the united states and recent international travel by linking salmonella enteritidis data from the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system and the foodborne diseases active surveillance network. | 2014 | 24973311 |
| vidas up-enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay based on recombinant phage protein and fluorescence in situ hybridization as alternative methods for detection of salmonella enterica serovars in meat. | several methods for the rapid and specific detection of salmonella spp. in meat have been described. this study was conducted to evaluate the capability of the vidas(®) up (spt [salmonella phage technology]), an enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay method, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) to complement the international organization for standardization method 6579 (iso) in detecting salmonella spp. from beef, pork, and poultry meat samples. the meat was inoculated with a mixture of ... | 2014 | 24971928 |
| evaluation of nisin-β-lactam antibiotics against clinical strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | there is an imperative need to discover novel antimicrobials and anti-infective agents and build up innovative strategies to combat multidrug-resistant salmonella. in this context, we had earlier confirmed that nisin has the potential to act in conjunction with β-lactams against murine salmonellosis using standard strain. however, evaluation of efficacy of these combinations against clinical isolates of salmonella could be the next key step to confirm the value added potential of this peptide. t ... | 2014 | 24961707 |
| cefotaxime-resistant salmonella enterica in travelers returning from thailand to finland. | during 1993-2011, cefotaxime resistance among salmonella enterica isolates from patients in finland increased substantially. most of these infections originated in thailand; many were qnr positive and belonged to s. enterica serovar typhimurium and s. enterica monophasic serovar 4,[5],12:i:-. although cefotaxime-resistant salmonellae mainly originate in discrete geographic areas, they represent a global threat. | 2014 | 24960266 |
| a multiobjective method for robust identification of bacterial small non-coding rnas. | small non-coding rnas (srnas) have major roles in the post-transcriptional regulation in prokaryotes. the experimental validation of a relatively small number of srnas in few species requires developing computational algorithms capable of robustly encoding the available knowledge and using this knowledge to predict srnas within and across species. | 2014 | 24958812 |
| host restriction in salmonella: insights from rab gtpases. | salmonella enterica is a foodborne intracellular pathogen that can invade intestinal epithelial cells and survive in macrophages of susceptible hosts. although belonging to the same species, individual salmonella enterica serovars behave as very different pathogens. indeed, they can cause very different diseases (from mild gastroenteritis to deadly systemic diseases) and have distinctive host selectivity. salmonella enterica serovars typhi (s. typhi) is a unique serovar that has evolved to infec ... | 2014 | 24957519 |
| haloarchaeal gas vesicle nanoparticles displaying salmonella sopb antigen reduce bacterial burden when administered with live attenuated bacteria. | innovative vaccines against typhoid and other salmonella diseases that are safe, effective, and inexpensive are urgently needed. in order to address this need, buoyant, self-adjuvating gas vesicle nanoparticles (gvnps) from the halophilic archaeon halobacterium sp. nrc-1 were bioengineered to display the highly conserved salmonella enterica antigen sopb, a secreted inosine phosphate effector protein injected by pathogenic bacteria during infection into the host cell. two highly conserved sopb ge ... | 2014 | 24950351 |
| comparative analysis of the secretion capability of early and late flagellar type iii secretion substrates. | a remarkable feature of the flagellar-specific type iii secretion system (t3ss) is the selective recognition of a few substrate proteins among the many thousand cytoplasmic proteins. secretion substrates are divided into two specificity classes: early substrates secreted for hook-basal body (hbb) construction and late substrates secreted after hbb completion. secretion was reported to require a disordered n-terminal secretion signal, mrna secretion signals within the 5'-untranslated region (5'-u ... | 2014 | 24946091 |
| cellulose nanocrystals/zno as a bifunctional reinforcing nanocomposite for poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan blend films: fabrication, characterization and properties. | in this study, cellulose nanocrystals/zinc oxide (cncs/zno) nanocomposites were dispersed as bifunctional nano-sized fillers into poly(vinyl alcohol) (pva) and chitosan (cs) blend by a solvent casting method to prepare pva/cs/cncs/zno bio-nanocomposites films. the morphology, thermal, mechanical and uv-vis absorption properties, as well antimicrobial effects of the bio-nanocomposite films were investigated. it demonstrated that cncs/zno were compatible with pva/cs and dispersed homogeneously in ... | 2014 | 24945313 |
| use of taqman® real-time pcr for rapid detection of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | we evaluated the performances of a newly designed real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay using taqman® probes to detect salmonella typhi. taqman® real-time pcr assays were performed by designed primers and probe based on the stag gene for detecting s. typhi. the specificity of the assay was evaluated on 15 salmonella serovars. the analytical specificity was evaluated on 20 non-salmonella microorganisms. the analytical sensitivity was assessed using decreasing dna quantities of s. typhi ... | 2014 | 24939681 |
| serovar distribution, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and pfge typing of salmonella enterica strains isolated from 2007-2012 in guangdong, china. | salmonella enterica includes the major serovars associated with human salmonellosis. in this study, 1764 clinical salmonella enterica isolates from diarrhea outpatients were collected from fifteen cities in guangdong province, china, between 2007 and 2012. these isolates represent all of the salmonella isolates collected from the province during that period. | 2014 | 24939394 |
| association of multicellular behaviour and drug resistance in salmonella enterica serovars isolated from animals and humans in ethiopia. | to determine the association between multicellular behaviour, integron status and antibiotic resistance among 87 ethiopian salmonella enterica isolates of animal and human origin. | 2014 | 24934091 |
| comparative phenotypic and genotypic analyses of salmonella rissen that originated from food animals in thailand and united states. | salmonella enterica serovar rissen has been recognized as one of the most common serovar among humans and pork production systems in different parts of the world, especially asia. in the united states, this serovar caused outbreaks but its epidemiologic significance remains unknown. the objectives of this study were to compare the phenotypic (antimicrobial susceptibility) and genotypic attributes of salmonella rissen isolated in thailand (thai) and the united states (us). all the thai isolates ( ... | 2015 | 24931512 |
| effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the susceptibility of tomatoes to post-harvest proliferation of salmonella enterica. | fresh fruits and vegetables are increasingly recognized as vehicles of salmonellosis. pre- and post-harvest environmental conditions, and physiological, and genetic factors are thought to contribute to the ability of human pathogens to persist in the production environment, attach to, colonize and proliferate in and on raw produce. how field production conditions affect the post-harvest food safety outcomes is not entirely understood. this study tested how varying nitrogen and potassium fertiliz ... | 2014 | 24929878 |
| increasing prevalence of hydrogen sulfide negative salmonella in retail meats. | hydrogen sulfide (h2s) production is considered a typical characteristic of salmonella and an important marker for salmonella isolation. in this study, a total of 82 (26%) salmonella strains were isolated from 113 chicken and 204 pork samples, within which 49 salmonella strains were h2s positive and 33 were h2s negative. salmonella enterica serovar derby was most prevalent in both pork and chicken followed by s. typhimurium in pork and s. heidelberg in chicken. salmonella isolated from pork exhi ... | 2014 | 24929875 |
| comparison of a pcr serotyping assay, check&trace assay for salmonella, and luminex salmonella serotyping assay for the characterization of salmonella enterica identified from fresh and naturally contaminated cilantro. | salmonella enterica isolated from fresh cilantro samples collected through the usda/ams microbiological data program (mdp) were used to compare a pcr serotyping assay against the check&trace assay and the luminex (bioplex) salmonella serotyping assay. the study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the three methods for serotyping salmonella from both enrichment broth cultures and pure salmonella cultures. in this investigation, salmonella spp. serotyping was conducted using 24 h enrich ... | 2014 | 24929735 |
| development of a sigde-based real-time reverse-transcriptase pcr for the detection of viable salmonella enterica. | salmonella is the most common cause of bacterial food poisoning in humans worldwide. thus, rapid and reliable methods for the detection of this pathogen are required. real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-rt-pcr), which detects the presence of mrna (shorter half-life than dna) has shown great potential for detecting viable pathogens. we recently identified a few new potential specific dna sequences for salmonella enterica using a comparative genomics method (chen et al., ... | 2014 | 24926645 |
| antibody- and trim21-dependent intracellular restriction of salmonella enterica. | trim21 ('tripartite motif-containing protein 21', ro52) is a ubiquitously expressed cytosolic fc receptor, which has a potent role in protective immunity against nonenveloped viruses. trim21 mediates intracellular neutralisation of antibody-coated viruses, a process called adin (antibody-dependent intracellular neutralisation). our results reveal a similar mechanism to fight bacterial infections. trim21 is recruited to the intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica in epithelial cells early in i ... | 2014 | 24920099 |
| determinants within the c-terminal domain of streptomyces lividans acetyl-coa synthetase that block acetylation of its active site lysine in vitro by the protein acetyltransferase (pat) enzyme. | reversible lysine acetylation (rla) is a widespread regulatory mechanism that modulates the function of proteins involved in diverse cellular processes. a strong case has been made for rla control exerted by homologues of the salmonella enterica protein acetyltransferase (sepat) enzyme on the broadly distributed amp-forming coa ligase (a.k.a. acyl-coa synthetases) family of metabolic enzymes, with acetyl-coa synthetase (acs) being the paradigm in the field. here we investigate why the acs homolo ... | 2014 | 24918787 |
| molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of salmonella in children with acute gastroenteritis in abuja, nigeria. | in nigeria, acute gastroenteritis in children under five years of age is a major cause of mortality and morbidity; identification and characterization of microbial agents of acute gastroenteritis, including salmonella, remains a powerful tool for effective management, surveillance, and control. | 2014 | 24916869 |
| typhoid fever: misuse of widal test in libya. | the worldwide gold standard of diagnosing of enteric fever depends on the isolation of salmonella enterica serovar typhi from a patient's bone marrow and/or blood culture. in libya clinicians are heavily dependent on the widal test for diagnosis of enteric fever which has been used without determining the locally appropriate threshold titer, because the laboratories lack the skilled, experienced personnel and appropriate facilities to detect and serotype salmonella isolates. to improve the diagn ... | 2014 | 24916864 |
| reptile-associated salmonellosis in minnesota, 1996-2011. | reptile-associated salmonellosis (ras) occurs when salmonella is transmitted from a reptile to a human. this study describes the epidemiology of ras in minnesota during 1996-2011. all minnesotans with confirmed salmonella infections are reported to the minnesota department of health (mdh). case patients are interviewed about illness characteristics and risk factors, including foods eaten, drinking and recreational water exposures, contact with ill people, and animal contact. willing ras case pat ... | 2015 | 24909385 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella spp. in small indian mongooses (herpestes auropunctatus) in grenada, west indies. | intestinal samples from 156 small indian mongooses (herpestes auropunctatus) collected island-wide in grenada from april 2011 to march 2013 were examined for the presence of salmonella enterica spp. nineteen (12%) mongooses were culture-positive for s. enterica spp. of which five serotypes were identified. salmonella javiana and s. montevideo were the most commonly isolated serotypes. the other serotypes isolated were s. rubislaw, s. panama and s. arechavaleta. all isolates were susceptible to a ... | 2014 | 24906835 |
| paratyphoid fever: splicing the global analyses. | the incidence of enteric fever caused by salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a (s. paratyphi a) is increasing in many parts of the world. although there is no major outbreak of paratyphoid fever in recent years, s. paratyphi a infection still remains a public health problem in many tropical countries. therefore, surveillance studies play an important role in monitoring infections and the emergence of multidrug resistance, especially in endemic countries such as india, nepal, pakistan and china ... | 2014 | 24904229 |
| complete genome sequences of salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg strains associated with a multistate food-borne illness investigation. | next-generation sequencing is being evaluated for use with food-borne illness investigations, especially when the outbreak strains produce patterns that cannot be discriminated from non-outbreak strains using conventional procedures. here we report complete genome assemblies of two salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg strains with a common pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern isolated during an outbreak investigation. | 2014 | 24903882 |
| salmonella enterica serovar oranienburg outbreak in a veterinary medical teaching hospital with evidence of nosocomial and on-farm transmission. | nosocomial salmonellosis continues to pose an important threat to veterinary medical teaching hospitals. the objectives of this study were to describe an outbreak of salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica serovar oranienburg within our hospital and to highlight its unique features, which can be used to help mitigate or prevent nosocomial outbreaks in the future. we retrospectively analyzed data from patients that were fecal culture-positive for salmonella oranienburg between january 1, 2006 ... | 2014 | 24902121 |
| estimating the burden of paratyphoid a in asia and africa. | despite the increasing availability of typhoid vaccine in many regions, global estimates of mortality attributable to enteric fever appear stable. while both salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) and serovar paratyphi (s. paratyphi) cause enteric fever, limited data exist estimating the burden of s. paratyphi, particularly in asia and africa. we performed a systematic review of both english and chinese-language databases to estimate the regional burden of paratyphoid within africa and asi ... | 2014 | 24901439 |
| new clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat locus spacer pair typing method based on the newly incorporated spacer for salmonella enterica. | a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr) typing method has recently been developed and used for typing and subtyping of salmonella spp., but it is complicated and labor intensive because it has to analyze all spacers in two crispr loci. here, we developed a more convenient and efficient method, namely, crispr locus spacer pair typing (clspt), which only needs to analyze the two newly incorporated spacers adjoining the leader array in the two crispr loci. we analyzed a ... | 2014 | 24899040 |
| detection and functionality of the cdtb, plta, and pltb from salmonella enterica serovar javiana. | salmonella infection is one of the major foodborne illnesses in the united states. several gram-negative bacterial pathogens, including salmonella typhi, produce cytolethal distending toxin (cdt), which arrests growth, induces apoptosis of infected host cells and extends persistence of pathogenic bacteria in the host. the aim of this study was to characterize the functionality of cdt (cdtb, plta and pltb) from nontyphoidal salmonella isolates. fifty salmonella enterica serovar javiana isolates f ... | 2014 | 24891290 |
| rpos integrates crp, fis, and phop signaling pathways to control salmonella typhi hlye expression. | spi-18 is a pathogenicity island found in some salmonella enterica serovars, including s. typhi. spi-18 harbors two orfs organized into an operon, hlye and taia genes, both implicated in virulence. regarding the hlye regulation in s. typhi, it has been reported that rpos participates as transcriptional up-regulator under low ph and high osmolarity. in addition, crp down-regulates hlye expression during exponential growth. previously, it has been suggested that there is another factor related to ... | 2014 | 24885225 |
| genome analysis and crispr typing of salmonella enterica serovar virchow. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar virchow has been recognized as a significant health burden in asia, australia and europe. in addition to its global distribution, s. virchow is clinically significant due to the frequency at which it causes invasive infections and its association with outbreaks arising from food-borne transmission. here, we examine the genome of an invasive isolate of s. virchow svq1 (phage type 8) from an outbreak in southeast queensland, australia. in addition to ide ... | 2014 | 24885207 |
| antimicrobial drug resistance among clinically relevant bacterial isolates in sub-saharan africa: a systematic review. | little is known about the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (amr) amongst bacterial pathogens in sub-saharan africa (ssa), despite calls for continent-wide surveillance to inform empirical treatment guidelines. | 2014 | 24879668 |
| multistate outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis infection associated with pet guinea pigs. | salmonella causes about one million illnesses annually in the united states. although most infections result from foodborne exposures, animal contact is an important mode of transmission. we investigated a case of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (se) sternal osteomyelitis in a previously healthy child who cared for two recently deceased guinea pigs (gps). a case was defined as se pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) xbai pattern jegx01.0021, blni pattern jega26.0002 (outbreak strain) ... | 2014 | 24866204 |
| serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of human nontyphoidal isolates of salmonella enterica from crete, greece. | we report on the serotype distribution and the antimicrobial resistance patterns to 20 different antimicrobials of 150 salmonella enterica strains isolated from stools of diarrhoeal patients on the island of crete over the period january 2011-december 2012. among the s. enterica serotypes recovered, enteritidis was the most prevalent (37.3%), followed by typhimurium (28.7%) and newport (8.7%). no resistance was detected to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems. rates of resistance to ... | 2014 | 24860606 |
| identification and characterization of a cis antisense rna of the parc gene encoding dna topoisomerase iv of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | bacterial cis-encoded antisense rnas are transcribed from the opposite strand of protein coding genes, and their regulatory roles adapt cells to changing environmental conditions. by deep sequencing of the transcriptome of salmonella enterica serovar typhi, an antisense rna that is encoded in cis to the parc gene was found. parc encodes the subunit a component of topoisomerase iv, a class of enzymes that relax both positively and negatively supercoiled dna and are also required for segregation o ... | 2014 | 24859144 |
| global impact of salmonella type iii secretion effector stea on host cells. | salmonella enterica is a gram-negative bacterium that causes gastroenteritis, bacteremia and typhoid fever in several animal species including humans. its virulence is greatly dependent on two type iii secretion systems, encoded in pathogenicity islands 1 and 2. these systems translocate proteins called effectors into eukaryotic host cell. effectors interfere with host signal transduction pathways to allow the internalization of pathogens and their survival and proliferation inside vacuoles. ste ... | 2014 | 24858684 |
| a salmonella enterica conjugative plasmid impairs autophagic flux in infected macrophages. | pr(st98) was originally isolated from salmonella enterica serovar typhi and could be transferred among enteric bacilli by conjugation. our previous studies indicated that it could intervene in autophagy of host cells, while the mechanism remained undefined. here, we explored how pr(st98) influenced the autophagic flux of murine macrophage-like cell line (j774a.1). s. enterica serovar typhimurium wild type strain (χ3306), harboring a 100 kb virulence plasmid, was used as a positive control. pr(st ... | 2014 | 24857879 |
| changes in thermal resistance of three salmonella serovars in response to osmotic shock and adaptation at water activities reduced by different humectants. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of osmotic shock and adaptation at low water activity (aw) and the type of humectant used to lower the aw, on heat resistance of three salmonella enterica serovars (saintpaul 02-109, tennessee 2053h, and elmsbuettel 1236h). the serovars were grown (adapted) or transferred (osmotic shocked) in low-aw broths and subjected to heat treatment at 55°c for up to 45 min; samples were removed at 5-min intervals and immediately placed in an ice-water ... | 2014 | 24853512 |
| multidisciplinary investigation of a multicountry outbreak of salmonella stanley infections associated with turkey meat in the european union, august 2011 to january 2013. | between august 2011 and january 2013, an outbreak of salmonella enterica serovar stanley (s. stanley) infections affected 10 european union (eu) countries, with a total of 710 cases recorded. following an urgent inquiry in the epidemic intelligence information system for food- and waterborne diseases (epis-fwd) on 29 june 2012, an international investigation was initiated including eu and national agencies for public health, veterinary health and food safety. two of three local outbreak investig ... | 2014 | 24852954 |
| plasmid profile and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of salmonella enterica isolates from humans in turkey. | this study was conducted for typing salmonella enterica subspecies enterica strains in turkey using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid dna profile analysis. fourty-two strains were isolated from clinical samples obtained from unrelated patients with acute diarrhea. the samples were collected from state hospitals and public health laboratories located at seven provinces in different regions of turkey at different times between 2004 and 2010. the strains were determined to belong ... | 2014 | 24852084 |
| identification and characterization of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar derby isolates carrying a new aada26 gene cassette in a class 1 integron obtained at pig slaughterhouses. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (s.) serovar derby is one of the most prevalent serovars in pigs. twenty-seven multiresistant s. derby isolates, obtained at two pig slaughterhouses in southern brazil, were investigated for their molecular relationships, genotypic resistance and presence of class 1 and 2 integrons. all isolates shared the same xbai-macrorestriction pattern and showed a common resistance genotype with resistance to streptomycin/spectinomycin (aada variant), sulphonamides (sul1 ... | 2014 | 24839926 |
| evaluation of the thermo scientific suretect salmonella species assay. aoac performance tested method 051303. | the thermo scientific suretect salmonella species assay is a new real-time pcr assay for the detection of salmonellae in food and environmental samples. this validation study was conducted using the aoac research institute (ri) performance tested methods program to validate the suretect salmonella species assay in comparison to the reference method detailed in international organization for standardization 6579:2002 in a variety of food matrixes, namely, raw ground beef, raw chicken breast, raw ... | 2014 | 24830166 |
| emergence and prevalence of non-h2s-producing salmonella enterica serovar senftenberg isolates belonging to novel sequence type 1751 in china. | salmonella enterica serovar senftenberg is a common nontyphoidal salmonella serotype which causes human salmonella infections worldwide. in this study, 182 s. senftenberg isolates, including 17 atypical non-hydrogen sulfide (h2s)-producing isolates, were detected in china from 2005 to 2011. the microbiological and genetic characteristics of the non-h2s-producing and selected h2s-producing isolates were determined by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), multilocus sequence typing (mlst) ... | 2014 | 24829240 |
| clonal distribution of monophasic salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 4,[5],12:i:- in the czech republic. | abstract salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- has become the third most common serotype in europe, including the czech republic. in this study, phenotypic and genotypic methods for a more detailed description of this serotype were used. analysis of a limited number of isolates revealed that 76% of them belonged to phage type dt193. also, rare phage types dt208 and u311 were identified. in total, 88.6% of the isolates were resistant to at least four antimicrobial agents. in this study, 24 multilocus variable- ... | 2014 | 24823892 |
| fate of salmonella senftenberg in broiler chickens evaluated by challenge experiments. | experimental and epidemiological evidence has indicated the respiratory route to be a potential portal of entry for salmonellas in poultry. the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the infectivity of salmonella enterica serovar senftenberg following oral gavage, intratracheal or intravenous challenge in chickens. seven-day-old chicks were challenged with either 10(4) or 10(6) colony-forming units of s. senftenberg per chick by oral gavage, intratracheal or intravenous challenge, res ... | 2014 | 24820534 |
| [molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance and characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi b clinical isolates]. | although salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi b is the less frequently isolated serotype worldwide and in turkey, it is the most common serotype in our hospital, with a marked increase in 2007. the purpose of this study was to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility and the extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) profile, and molecular epidemiology of s. paratyphi b isolates detected in our hospital microbiology laboratory. seventy isolates identified as s. paratyphi b from 109 salmonella is ... | 2014 | 24819257 |
| a study of antibiogram of salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates from pondicherry, india. | enteric fever caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) is an important public health problem in developing countries like india.1 the emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones has reduced the therapeutic options available. currently, the uniform laboratory interpretation of ciprofloxacin and azithromycin susceptibility remains unclear. | 2014 | 24817913 |
| genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strain durban. | we report the genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strain durban, isolated from a patient with salmonellosis and typhoid fever. the strain is closely related to s. enterica subsp. enterica strain p125109 but differs in loss of the se20 prophage and acquisition of a prophage similar to elphis. | 2014 | 24812224 |
| intestinal mucus affinity and biological activity of an orally administered antibacterial and anti-inflammatory peptide. | antimicrobial peptides (amp) provide protection from infection by pathogenic microorganisms and restrict bacterial growth at epithelial surfaces to maintain mucosal homeostasis. in addition, they exert a significant anti-inflammatory activity. here we analysed the anatomical distribution and biological activity of an orally administered amp in the context of bacterial infection and host-microbial homeostasis. | 2015 | 24811998 |
| control of salmonella enteritidis in turkeys using organic acids and competitive exclusion product. | to evaluate the use of organic acids (oas) and competitive exclusion (ce) product administered continuously in the feed and transiently in drinking water on the control of salmonella enterica subspecie enterica serotype enteritidis (se) prior to slaughter. | 2014 | 24797347 |
| demonstration of persistent contamination of a cooked egg product production facility with salmonella enterica serovar tennessee and characterization of the persistent strain. | the aim of this study was to investigate whether continuous contamination of light pasteurized egg products with salmonella enterica serovar tennessee (s. tennessee) at a large european producer of industrial egg products was caused by persistent contamination of the production facility and to characterize the persistent strains. | 2014 | 24797223 |
| efficacy and safety of an oral somatostatin dna vaccine without antibiotic resistance gene in promoting growth of piglets. | this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an oral dna vaccine against somatostatin (ss) (pgs/2ss-asd, encoding two copies of somatostatin genes) mediated by attenuated salmonella choleraesuis c500 without antibiotic resistance gene on piglets growth. a total of 50 piglets were uniformly divided into five groups. the animals in the first three groups were orally given vaccine in dose of either 5 9 1010, 5 9 109 or 5 9 108 colony-forming units (cfu).the remaining two groups were oral ... | 2014 | 24795986 |
| preparation and properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan blend bionanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals/zno-ag multifunctional nanosized filler. | a series of novel bionanocomposites were cast using different contents of zinc oxide-silver nanoparticles (zno-agnps) stabilized by cellulose nanocrystals (cnc) as multifunctional nanosized fillers in poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan (pva/cs) matrices. the morphological structure, mechanical properties, ultraviolet-visible absorption, and antimicrobial properties of the prepared films were investigated as a function of their cnc/zno-agnp content and compared with pva/chitosan/cnc bionanocomposite fi ... | 2014 | 24790433 |
| multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a from yuxi and comparison with isolates from the chinese medical culture collection center. | the aim of the present study was to genotype salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a (spa) isolated from yuxi, china, in a multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats (vntrs) analysis (mlva) and to compare them with isolates from the chinese medical culture collection center (cmcc). potential vntrs were screened from the genomes of atcc9150 and aku_12601 using the tandem repeats finder program. nine vntrs were established for mlva typing of 195 spa isolates from yuxi and 20 isolates from c ... | 2014 | 24788795 |
| vespa tropica venom suppresses lipopolysaccharide-mediated secretion of pro-inflammatory cyto-chemokines by abrogating nuclear factor-κ b activation in microglia. | the present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potentials of vespa tropica (vt) venom and its isolated peptides. effects of whole venom and its two peptides (vt1512 and vt1386) on lipopolysaccharide (lps) challenged bv-2 murine microglial cells was evaluated. | 2014 | 24781802 |
| unusually long-lived pause required for regulation of a rho-dependent transcription terminator. | up to half of all transcription termination events in bacteria rely on the rna-dependent helicase rho. however, the nucleic acid sequences that promote rho-dependent termination remain poorly characterized. defining the molecular determinants that confer rho-dependent termination is especially important for understanding how such terminators can be regulated in response to specific signals. here, we identify an extraordinarily long-lived pause at the site where rho terminates transcription in th ... | 2014 | 24778260 |
| identification of potential drug targets in salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium using metabolic modelling and experimental validation. | salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium is an established model organism for gram-negative, intracellular pathogens. owing to the rapid spread of resistance to antibiotics among this group of pathogens, new approaches to identify suitable target proteins are required. based on the genome sequence of s. typhimurium and associated databases, a genome-scale metabolic model was constructed. output was based on an experimental determination of the biomass of salmonella when growing in glucose minimal med ... | 2014 | 24777662 |
| salmonella enterica prevalence in finishing pigs at slaughter plants in northern italy. | finishing pigs carrying salmonella enterica are believed to be the main source of carcass contamination at the beginning of slaughtering. the aim of this study was to assess the s. enterica carrier status of finishing pigs at herd level by sampling pooled faeces on farm and mesenteric lymph nodes at slaughter in the north east of italy. environmental faecal samples belonging to 30 batches of pigs were collected on farm. at slaughter, mesenteric lymph nodes were collected from five randomly selec ... | 2014 | 27800330 |
| the early innate response of chickens to salmonella enterica is dependent on the presence of o-antigen but not on serovar classification. | salmonella vaccines used in poultry in the eu are based on attenuated strains of either salmonella serovar enteritidis or typhimurium which results in a decrease in s. enteritidis and s. typhimurium but may allow other salmonella serovars to fill an empty ecological niche. in this study we were therefore interested in the early interactions of chicken immune system with s. infantis compared to s. enteritidis and s. typhimurium, and a role of o-antigen in these interactions. to reach this aim, we ... | 2014 | 24763249 |
| genome sequences of eight salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars isolated from a single dairy farm. | here, we report draft genome sequences of 26 isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, representing eight serotypes, which were isolated from cows in a pennsylvania dairy herd, the farm on which they were reared, and the associated off-site heifer-raising facility over an 8-year sampling period. | 2014 | 24762931 |
| effects of tylosin administration on c-reactive protein concentration and carriage of salmonella enterica in pigs. | to evaluate the effects of tylosin on c-reactive protein concentration, carriage of salmonella enterica, and antimicrobial resistance genes in commercial pigs. | 2014 | 24762018 |
| bile-induced peptidoglycan remodelling in salmonella enterica. | changes in the peptidoglycan (pg) structure of salmonella enterica are detected in the presence of a sublethal concentration of sodium deoxycholate (doc): (i) lower proportions of braun lipoprotein (lpp)-bound muropeptides; (ii) reduced levels of muropeptides cross-linked by l(meso)-diaminopimelyl-d(meso)-diaminopimelic acid (l-d) peptide bridges (3-3 cross-links). similar structural changes are found in s. enterica cultures adapted to grow in the presence of a lethal concentration of doc, sugge ... | 2015 | 24762004 |
| an association of genotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns among salmonella isolates from pigs and humans in taiwan. | we collected 110 salmonella enterica isolates from sick pigs and determined their serotypes, genotypes using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and antimicrobial susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials and compared the data with a collection of 18,280 isolates obtained from humans. the pig isolates fell into 12 common serovars for human salmonellosis in taiwan; s. typhimurium, s. choleraesuis, s. derby, s. livingstone, and s. schwarzengrund were the 5 most common serovars and accounted for a t ... | 2014 | 24760078 |
| presence of salmonella enteritidis and salmonella gallinarum in commercial laying hens diagnosed with fowl typhoid disease in colombia. | a severe outbreak of salmonellosis in commercial brown table egg layers first occurred in colombia in 2006. from 2008 to 2012, 35 samples collected from commercial layers farms in the states of cundinamarca, santander, bolivar, and san andres, were positive for salmonella enterica. salmonella was isolated from liver and spleen (71.42%), pools of organs (liver, spleen, and ovarian follicles; 25.71%), and drag swabs (2.85%). serotype was assigned using single nucleotide polymorphisms or dna microa ... | 2014 | 24758131 |
| serotype and antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella isolates from commercial birds and poultry environment in mississippi. | to obtain information about salmonella from commercial birds and poultry environments within mississippi, 50 salmonella enterica isolates were collected and characterized by intergenic sequence ribotyping (isr) serotyping and by determining antimicrobial resistance. isr assigned serotype to all 50 salmonella enterica isolates whereas the kauffman-white-leminor antibody-based scheme assigned serotype to 48. agreement between both methods was k = 89.58. within the set, 12 serotypes were detected. ... | 2014 | 24758115 |
| peptidases from latex of carica candamarcensis upregulate cox-2 and il-1 mrna transcripts against salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium-mediated inflammation. | the immunomodulatory properties of a mixture of cysteine peptidases (p1g10) obtained from the fruit lattice of carica candamarcensis were investigated. p1g10 was obtained from fresh latex samples by chromatography in a sephadex column and initially administered to swiss mice (n = 5; 1 or 10 mg/kg) via i.p. after 30 min, the mice were injected with carrageenan (0.5 mg/mouse) or heat-killed s. typhimurium (10(7) cfu/ml; 100°c/30 min) into the peritoneal cavity. afterwards, two animal groups were i ... | 2014 | 24757289 |
| ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella enterica serotype kentucky sequence type 198. | | 2014 | 24751334 |
| septic arthritis of the hip in a cambodian child caused by multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhi with intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin treated with ceftriaxone and azithromycin. | septic arthritis is a rare complication of typhoid fever. a 12-year-old boy without pre-existing disease attended a paediatric hospital in cambodia with fever and left hip pain. a hip synovial fluid aspirate grew multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica ser. typhi with intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. arthrotomy, 2 weeks of intravenous ceftriaxone and 4 weeks of oral azithromycin led to resolution of symptoms. the optimum management of septic arthritis in drug-resistant typhoid is un ... | 2014 | 24749773 |
| distributions of salmonella subtypes differ between two u.s. produce-growing regions. | salmonella accounts for approximately 50% of produce-associated outbreaks in the united states, several of which have been traced back to contamination in the produce production environment. to quantify salmonella diversity and aid in identification of salmonella contamination sources, we characterized salmonella isolates from two geographically diverse produce-growing regions in the united states. initially, we characterized the salmonella serotype and subtype diversity associated with 1,677 sa ... | 2014 | 24747908 |
| quinolone resistance mechanisms in salmonella enterica serovars hadar, kentucky, virchow, schwarzengrund, and 4,5,12:i:-, isolated from humans in switzerland, and identification of a novel qnrd variant, qnrd2, in s. hadar. | human isolates of salmonella enterica serovars hadar, kentucky, virchow, schwarzengrund, and the monophasic variant of s. typhimurium, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,5,12:i:- were examined for mutations within the quinolone resistance target genes gyra, gyrb, parc, and pare and for plasmid-mediated resistance genes. differences were observed among the serovars. a novel variant of qnrd, qnrd2, was detected in an s. hadar isolate. | 2014 | 24733466 |
| comparative genomic analysis and virulence differences in closely related salmonella enterica serotype heidelberg isolates from humans, retail meats, and animals. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar heidelberg (s. heidelberg) is one of the top serovars causing human salmonellosis. recently, an antibiotic-resistant strain of this serovar was implicated in a large 2011 multistate outbreak resulting from consumption of contaminated ground turkey that involved 136 confirmed cases, with one death. in this study, we assessed the evolutionary diversity of 44 s. heidelberg isolates using whole-genome sequencing (wgs) generated by the 454 gs flx (roche) pl ... | 2014 | 24732280 |
| antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enterica isolates from tonsil and jejunum with lymph node tissues of slaughtered swine in metro manila, philippines. | due to frequent antibiotic exposure, swine is now recognized as potential risk in disseminating drug-resistant salmonella enterica strains. this study thus subjected 20 randomly selected s. enterica isolates from tonsil and jejunum with lymph node (jln) tissues of swine slaughtered in metro manila, philippines, to vitek 2 antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast). the test revealed all 20 isolates had resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent, in which highest occurrence of resistance was ... | 2014 | 24724034 |
| genome sequence of the salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar namur strain 05-2929, lacking the salmonella atypical fimbrial operon. | this paper announces the genome sequence and annotation of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar namur strain 05-2929. s. namur is a new serovar (39:z4,z23:-) that was isolated from a patient with salmonellosis in 2005 in namur, belgium, and has been identified as lacking the salmonella atypical fimbrial (saf) operon. | 2014 | 24723724 |
| transcriptional expression of six genes located on pbssb1 of salmonella enterica serovar typhi in different growth phases and environmental stresses. | a linear plasmid pbssb1 of z66-positive salmonella enterica serovar typhi was previously identified to be involved in unidirectional flagellar phase variation due to the expression and regulation of fljb(z66) and flja located on it. however, the expression of the remaining genes and other possible functions of pbssb1 have not been reported yet. here, we investigated the transcriptional expression characteristics of six genes (002, 008, 012, 017, 021, and 026) located on the linear plasmid pbssb1 ... | 2014 | 24723031 |
| genome sequencing, annotation and analysis of salmonella enterica sub species salamae strain dma-1. | the genus salmonella is gram-negative which belongs to the family enterobacteriaceae. in this study, we have sequenced the whole genome of the strain dma-1, which was isolated from mouse stool sample and identified as salmonella enterica subspecies salamae. | 2014 | 24721679 |
| first detection of cmy-2 plasmid mediated β-lactamase in salmonella heidelberg in south america. | salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg ranks among the most prevalent causes of human salmonellosis in the united states and canada, although it has been infrequently reported in south american and european countries. most salmonella infections are self-limiting; however, some invasive infections require antimicrobial therapy. in this work we characterized an oxyimino-cephalosporin resistant s. heidelberg isolate recovered from an inpatient in a buenos aires hospital. cmy-2 was responsible for t ... | 2014 | 24721271 |
| the salmonella enterica serovar typhi ltrr-ompr-ompc-ompf genes are involved in resistance to the bile salt sodium deoxycholate and in bacterial transformation. | a characterization of the ltrr regulator, an s. typhi protein belonging to the lysr family is presented. proteomics, outer membrane protein profiles and transcriptional analyses demonstrated that ltrr is required for the synthesis of ompr, ompc and ompf. dna-protein interaction analysis showed that ltrr binds to the regulatory region of ompr and then ompr interacts with the ompc and ompf promoters inducing porin synthesis. ltrr-dependent and independent ompr promoters were identified, and both p ... | 2014 | 24720747 |
| invasive salmonellosis by the very rare salmonella choleraesuis in a returning traveler on a tumor necrosis factor- α inhibitor. | salmonella choleraesuis is one of the least commonly reported nontyphoidal salmonellae in the united states, accounting for only 0.08% and ranking lower than 20th place among all human source salmonellosis reported to the cdc in 2009. in the state of connecticut, only 12 cases have been reported since 1998 and our case is the only case since 2008. we report a case of invasive salmonellosis caused by salmonella choleraesuis in a patient on an antitumor necrosis factor- α agent (adalimumab) who re ... | 2014 | 24715927 |
| molecular typing of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium isolated in abruzzo region (italy) from 2008 to 2010. | in this study, 47 antibiotic-resistant strains of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium (st) were characterised, including 15 monophasic variants 1, 4, [5], 12:i:-, (stm) isolated from different matrices. they were all selected from 389 salmonella enterica subspecies enterica strains isolated during 2008-2010 in abruzzo region (italy). thirty-seven strains showed to be resistant to more than 1 antibiotic. among 47 isolates, phage type u311 and dt104 were identified. the ass ... | 2014 | 24715591 |
| trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella typhi from north india (2001-2012). | enteric fever is endemic in india with salmonella typhi being the major causative agent. antibiotic therapy constitutes the mainstay of management. the present study was undertaken to find the susceptibility profile of salmonella enterica var typhi (s. typhi) blood isolates in a tertiary care hospital between january 2001 and december 2012. | 2014 | 24713900 |
| salmonella enterica invasion of polarized epithelial cells is a highly cooperative effort. | the invasion of polarized epithelial cells by salmonella enterica requires the cooperative activity of the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1)-encoded type iii secretion system (t3ss) and the spi4-encoded adhesin siie. the invasion of polarized cells is more efficient than that of nonpolarized cells, and we observed the formation of clusters of bacteria on infected cells. here we demonstrate that the invasion of polarized cells is a highly cooperative activity. using a novel live-cell imagi ... | 2014 | 24711567 |
| wild griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) as a source of salmonella and campylobacter in eastern spain. | the existence of campylobacter and salmonella reservoirs in wildlife is a potential hazard to animal and human health; however, the prevalence of these species is largely unknown. until now, only a few studies have evaluated the presence of campylobacter and salmonella in wild griffon vultures and based on a small number of birds. the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of campylobacter and salmonella in wild griffon vultures (n = 97) during the normal ringing programme at the cinctor ... | 2014 | 24710464 |
| identification of key genes in the response to salmonella enterica enteritidis, salmonella enterica pullorum, and poly(i:c) in chicken spleen and caecum. | salmonella enterica enteritidis (s. enteritidis) and salmonella enterica pullorum (s. pullorum) are regarded as a threat to poultry production. this study's aim is to characterize the expression profiles in response to three different challenges and to identify infection-related genes in the chicken spleen and caecum. groups of the chinese chicken breed langshan were challenged with either s. enteritidis, s. pullorum, or poly(i:c). the concentrations of cytokines and antibodies and the salmonell ... | 2014 | 24707473 |