| outbreaks of salmonella infections attributed to beef --united states, 1973-2011. | non-typhoidal salmonella is estimated to be the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the united states, causing an estimated one million domestically acquired foodborne illnesses annually. recent, large outbreaks have highlighted the importance of ground beef as an important source of multidrug-resistant salmonella. we analysed the epidemiology of salmonellosis outbreaks that were attributed to beef in the united states reported to the centers for disease control and prevention (c ... | 2015 | 25427978 |
| spectroscopic studies of the salmonella enterica adenosyltransferase enzyme secoba: molecular-level insight into the mechanism of substrate cob(ii)alamin activation. | coba from salmonella enterica (secoba) is a member of the family of atp:co(i)rrinoid adenosyltransferase (acat) enzymes that participate in the biosynthesis of adenosylcobalamin by catalyzing the transfer of the adenosyl group from an atp molecule to a reactive co(i)rrinoid species transiently generated in the enzyme active site. this reaction is thermodynamically challenging, as the reduction potential of the co(ii)rrinoid precursor in solution is far more negative than that of available reduci ... | 2014 | 25423616 |
| regiospecific formation of cobamide isomers is directed by cobt. | cobamides, which include vitamin b₁₂ (cobalamin), are a class of modified tetrapyrroles synthesized exclusively by prokaryotes that function as cofactors for diverse biological processes. cobamides contain a centrally bound cobalt ion that coordinates to upper and lower axial ligands. the lower ligand is covalently linked to a phosphoribosyl moiety through an alpha-glycosidic bond formed by the cobt enzyme. cobt can catalyze the phosphoribosylation of a variety of substrates. we investigated the ... | 2014 | 25412146 |
| atmospheric pressure plasma treatment of black peppercorns inoculated with salmonella and held under controlled storage. | spices, including black pepper, are a source of microbial contamination and have been linked to outbreaks of salmonellosis when added to products that undergo no further processing. traditional thermal processing employed to reduce microbial contamination can lead to losses of heat-sensitive compounds. thus, alternative processes such as atmospheric pressure plasma (app) are desirable. the purpose of this research was to determine the efficacy of app in the destruction of salmonella inoculated o ... | 2014 | 25393920 |
| atpase-independent type-iii protein secretion in salmonella enterica. | type-iii protein secretion systems are utilized by gram-negative pathogens to secrete building blocks of the bacterial flagellum, virulence effectors from the cytoplasm into host cells, and structural subunits of the needle complex. the flagellar type-iii secretion apparatus utilizes both the energy of the proton motive force and atp hydrolysis to energize substrate unfolding and translocation. we report formation of functional flagella in the absence of type-iii atpase activity by mutations tha ... | 2014 | 25393010 |
| genomic signature of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates related to a massive outbreak in zambia between 2010 and 2012. | retrospectively, we investigated the epidemiology of a massive salmonella enterica serovar typhi outbreak in zambia during 2010 to 2012. ninety-four isolates were susceptibility tested by mic determinations. whole-genome sequence typing (wgst) of 33 isolates and bioinformatic analysis identified the multilocus sequence type (mlst), haplotype, plasmid replicon, antimicrobial resistance genes, and genetic relatedness by single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) analysis and genomic deletions. the outbr ... | 2015 | 25392358 |
| surface plasmon resonance based label-free detection of salmonella using dna self assembly. | typhoid is re-emerging as a biggest health threat to third world countries. one of the major challenge is false negative diagnosis using existing immunodiagnostic methods due to overlapping symptoms of other infections (like brucellosis, malaria, hepatitis) that mimic this enteric fever (typhoid). surface plasmon resonance (spr) based dna hybridisation biosensor has been fabricated by generating self-assembled monolayer of 5'-thiolated single-stranded dna (ssdna) probe onto gold surface. highly ... | 2015 | 25391546 |
| influence of land use and climate on salmonella carrier status in the small indian mongoose (herpestes auropunctatus) in grenada, west indies. | invasive mammals can be important reservoirs for human pathogens. a recent study showed that 12% of mongooses carried salmonella spp. in their large intestines. we investigated whether anthropogenic, environmental and climatic variables predicted salmonella status in mongooses (herpestes auropunctatus) in grenada. using multivariate logistic regression and contingency table analysis, we found that increased human density, decreased distance from roads, and low monthly precipitation were associat ... | 2015 | 25390765 |
| antimicrobial profile of salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis from free-range swine in kakamega fish market, western kenya. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar choleraesuis is a host-adapted, facultative, intracellular pathogen that causes swine paratyphoid. its antimicrobial resistance presents a challenge to feed manufacturing industries. however, stopping antibiotics in animal feed would have economic implications for the industry. | 2014 | 25390050 |
| cytotoxic mechanism of cytolethal distending toxin in nontyphoidal salmonella serovar (salmonella javiana) during macrophage infection. | cytolethal distending toxin b (cdtb) is a conserved virulence factor in salmonella enterica serovar typhi. here we report the presence and functionality of cdtb in some nontyphoidal salmonella (nts) serovars, including salmonella javiana (cdtb+wt s. javiana), isolated from imported food. to understand the role of cdtb in nts serovars, a deletion mutant (cdtb(-)δs. javiana) was constructed. macrophages were infected with cdtb+wt s. javiana (wild type), cdtb(-)δ s. javiana (mutant), and cdtb-negat ... | 2015 | 25389664 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of salmonella enterica in captive wildlife and exotic animal species in ohio, usa. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence, antimicrobial resistance patterns, phenotypic and genotypic relatedness of salmonella enterica recovered from captive wildlife host species and in the environment in ohio, usa. a total of 319 samples including faecal (n = 225), feed (n = 38) and environmental (n = 56) were collected from 32 different wild and exotic animal species in captivity and their environment in ohio. salmonellae were isolated using conventional culture methods a ... | 2015 | 25388917 |
| complex adaptive immunity to enteric fevers in humans: lessons learned and the path forward. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi), the causative agent of typhoid fever, and s. paratyphi a and b, causative agents of paratyphoid fever, are major public health threats throughout the world. although two licensed typhoid vaccines are currently available, they are only moderately protective and immunogenic necessitating the development of novel vaccines. a major obstacle in the development of improved typhoid, as well as paratyphoid vaccines is the lack of known immunological correlat ... | 2014 | 25386175 |
| trends in serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility in salmonella enterica isolates from humans in belgium, 2009 to 2013. | the belgian national reference centre for salmonella received 16,544 human isolates of salmonella enterica between january 2009 and december 2013. although 377 different serotypes were identified, the landscape is dominated by s. enterica serovars typhimurium (55%) and enteritidis (19%) in a ratio which is inverse to european union averages. with outbreaks of salmonella serotypes ohio, stanley, and paratyphi b variant java as prime examples, 20 serotypes displayed significant fluctuations in thi ... | 2015 | 25385108 |
| variation at hla-drb1 is associated with resistance to enteric fever. | enteric fever affects more than 25 million people annually and results from systemic infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhi or paratyphi pathovars a, b or c(1). we conducted a genome-wide association study of 432 individuals with blood culture-confirmed enteric fever and 2,011 controls from vietnam. we observed strong association at rs7765379 (odds ratio (or) for the minor allele = 0.18, p = 4.5 × 10(-10)), a marker mapping to the hla class ii region, in proximity to hla-dqb1 and hla-d ... | 2014 | 25383971 |
| clinical isolates of salmonella enterica serovar agona producing ndm-1 metallo-β-lactamase: first report from pakistan. | we report two cases of infantile diarrhea due to multidrug-resistant, ndm-1 metallo-β-lactamase-producing salmonella enterica serovar agona from pakistan. this study alerts toward possible risk of ndm-1 transmission to enteric fever pathogens and encourages microbiologists to consider active screening of carbapenem resistance in nontyphoidal salmonella isolates. | 2015 | 25378577 |
| comparative analysis of subtyping methods against a whole-genome-sequencing standard for salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis. | a retrospective investigation was performed to evaluate whole-genome sequencing as a benchmark for comparing molecular subtyping methods for salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis and survey the population structure of commonly encountered s. enterica serotype enteritidis outbreak isolates in the united states. a total of 52 s. enterica serotype enteritidis isolates representing 16 major outbreaks and three sporadic cases collected between 2001 and 2012 were sequenced and subjected to subtypin ... | 2015 | 25378576 |
| typhoid outbreak in songkhla, thailand 2009-2011: clinical outcomes, susceptibility patterns, and reliability of serology tests. | to determine the clinical manifestations and outcomes, the reliability of salmonella enterica serotype typhi (s ser. typhi) igm and igg rapid tests, and the susceptibility patterns and the response to treatment during the 2009-2011 typhoid outbreak in songkhla province in thailand. | 2014 | 25375784 |
| [occurrence and characterization of monophasic salmonella enterica subsp. enterica with antigenic formula 1,4, [5], 12: i:-isolated in poland in 2007-2012]. | salmonella is significant etiological agent of bacterial intestinal infections in poland and other european union countries. since the 90's increasing incidence of monophasic salmonella antigenic formula 1,4,[5],12:i:-has been observed, which are divided into two lineages: spanish and european. more common european lineage are characterized by antimicrobial resistance assut and dt193 phagetype. in many european countries, these organisms have become one of the most commonly isolated serovars. th ... | 2014 | 25369653 |
| chromosome-mediated multidrug resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | a salmonella genomic island, designated sgi11, was found in 18 of 26 multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates from bangladesh. sgi11 was an is1 composite transposon and carried 7 resistance genes that conferred resistance to 5 first-line antimicrobials. eleven of the 18 sgi11-carrying s. typhi isolates had developed resistance to high levels of ciprofloxacin. | 2015 | 25367917 |
| evaluation of chlorine dioxide gas treatment to inactivate salmonella enterica on mungbean sprouts. | although freshly sprouted beans and grains are considered to be a source of nutrients, they have been associated with foodborne outbreaks. sprouts provide good matrices for microbial localization and growth due to optimal conditions of temperature and humidity while sprouting. also, the lack of a kill step postsprouting is a major safety concern. the objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide gas treatment to reduce salmonella on artificially inoculated mungbean ... | 2014 | 25364920 |
| salmonella newport and typhimurium colonization of fruit differs from leaves in various tomato cultivars. | several outbreaks of salmonella enterica infections have been linked to tomatoes. one cost-effective way to complement on-farm preventive good agricultural practices is to identify cultivars with inherent decreased susceptibility to salmonella colonization. fruit and leaves of 13 tomato cultivars with distinct phenotypes were screened to evaluate their susceptibility to salmonella epiphytic colonization. field-grown fruit or gnotobiotically grown seedling leaves were spot inoculated in replicate ... | 2014 | 25364916 |
| rpos-regulated core genes involved in the competitive fitness of salmonella enterica serovar kentucky in the intestines of chickens. | salmonella enterica serovar kentucky has become the most frequently isolated serovar from poultry in the united states over the past decade. despite its prevalence in poultry, it causes few human illnesses in the united states. the dominance of s. kentucky in poultry does not appear to be due to single introduction of a clonal strain, and its reduced virulence appears to correlate with the absence of virulence genes grva, ssei, sope, and sodc1. s. kentucky's prevalence in poultry is possibly att ... | 2015 | 25362062 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular typing of salmonella agona isolated from humans and other sources. | salmonella enterica serotype agona (salmonella agona) has been among the top 10 serotypes that cause human diarrheal diseases in china. a total of 95 salmonella agona (67 from humans, and 28 from animals, food of animal origins, and environmental sources) recovered in shanghai, china from 2005 to 2011 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular subtyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). approximately 68.4% of the salmonella agona isolates were pansusceptibl ... | 2014 | 25361176 |
| first fully closed genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar cubana associated with a food-borne outbreak. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar cubana (salmonella serovar cubana) is associated with human and animal disease. here, we used third-generation, single-molecule, real-time dna sequencing to determine the first complete genome sequence of salmonella serovar cubana cfsan002050, which was isolated from fresh alfalfa sprouts during a multistate outbreak in 2012. | 2014 | 25359917 |
| survival of salmonella enterica in aerated and nonaerated wastewaters from dairy lagoons. | salmonella is the most commonly identified foodborne pathogen in produce, meat and poultry. cattle are known reservoirs of salmonella and the pathogen excreted in feces ends up in manure flush lagoons. salmonella enterica survival was monitored in wastewater from on-site holding lagoons equipped or not with circulating aerators at two dairies. all strains had poor survival rates and none proliferated in waters from aerated or settling lagoons. populations of all three salmonella serovars decline ... | 2014 | 25358096 |
| multi-drug resistance and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin among salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates from the middle east and central asia. | typhoid fever is common in developing countries, with an estimated 120 million infections and 700 000 annual deaths, worldwide. fluoroquinolones have been the treatment of choice for infection with multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi). however, alarming reports of fluoroquinolone-resistance and failure of typhoid fever treatment have recently been published. to determine the proportion of s. typhi isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (rsc) from ... | 2014 | 25356352 |
| performance of etest and disk diffusion for detection of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance in salmonella enterica. | we compared etest and disk diffusion to broth microdilution for the detection of fluoroquinolone resistance in 135 typhoidal and nontyphoidal serovars of salmonella. categorical agreements for the ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin etests were 89.6 and 83.7%, respectively. disk diffusion categorical agreements were 88.2 and 93.3%, respectively. only minor errors were observed. | 2015 | 25355768 |
| convergent evolution in the assembly of polyubiquitin degradation signals by the shigella flexneri ipah9.8 ligase. | the human pathogen shigella flexneri subverts host function and defenses by deploying a cohort of effector proteins via a type iii secretion system. the ipah family of 10 such effectors mimics ubiquitin ligases but bears no sequence or structural homology to their eukaryotic counterpoints. using rates of (125)i-polyubiquitin chain formation as a functional read out, ipah9.8 displays v-type positive cooperativity with respect to varying concentrations of its ubc5b∼(125)i-ubiquitin thioester co-su ... | 2014 | 25342744 |
| drug resistance in salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium bloodstream infection, malawi. | | 2014 | 25340988 |
| esbl-producing salmonella enterica serovar typhi in traveler returning from guatemala to spain. | we report a case of typhoid fever in a traveler returning to spain from guatemala that was caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi which produced an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl). this finding demonstrates the presence of esbl-producing s. enterica ser. typhi strains in the americas. enhanced surveillance is necessary to prevent further spread. | 2014 | 25340972 |
| recovery from an acute infection in c. elegans requires the gata transcription factor elt-2. | the mechanisms involved in the recognition of microbial pathogens and activation of the immune system have been extensively studied. however, the mechanisms involved in the recovery phase of an infection are incompletely characterized at both the cellular and physiological levels. here, we establish a caenorhabditis elegans-salmonella enterica model of acute infection and antibiotic treatment for studying biological changes during the resolution phase of an infection. using whole genome expressi ... | 2014 | 25340560 |
| salmonella-host interactions - modulation of the host innate immune system. | salmonella enterica (s. enterica) are gram-negative bacteria that can invade a broad range of hosts causing both acute and chronic infections. this phenotype is related to its ability to replicate and persist within non-phagocytic host epithelial cells as well as phagocytic dendritic cells and macrophages of the innate immune system. infection with s. enterica manifests itself through a broad range of clinical symptoms and can result in asymptomatic carriage, gastroenteritis, systemic disease su ... | 2014 | 25339955 |
| characteristic and functional analysis of a newly established porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line. | the mucosal surface of intestine is continuously exposed to both potential pathogens and beneficial commensal microorganisms. recent findings suggest that intestinal epithelial cells, which once considered as a simple physical barrier, are a crucial cell lineage necessary for maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. therefore, establishing a stable and reliable intestinal epithelial cell line for future research on the mucosal immune system is necessary. in the present study, we established a ... | 2014 | 25337908 |
| an evaluation of alternative methods for constructing phylogenies from whole genome sequence data: a case study with salmonella. | comparative genomics based on whole genome sequencing (wgs) is increasingly being applied to investigate questions within evolutionary and molecular biology, as well as questions concerning public health (e.g., pathogen outbreaks). given the impact that conclusions derived from such analyses may have, we have evaluated the robustness of clustering individuals based on wgs data to three key factors: (1) next-generation sequencing (ngs) platform (hiseq, miseq, iontorrent, 454, and solid), (2) algo ... | 2014 | 25332847 |
| a bivalent typhoid live vector vaccine expressing both chromosome- and plasmid-encoded yersinia pestis antigens fully protects against murine lethal pulmonary plague infection. | live attenuated bacteria hold great promise as multivalent mucosal vaccines against a variety of pathogens. a major challenge of this approach has been the successful delivery of sufficient amounts of vaccine antigens to adequately prime the immune system without overattenuating the live vaccine. here we used a live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhi strain to create a bivalent mucosal plague vaccine that produces both the protective f1 capsular antigen of yersinia pestis and the lcrv ... | 2015 | 25332120 |
| acid exposure induces multiplication of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi faces several environmental stresses while going through the stomach (acidic ph) to the small intestine (basic ph) and intracellularly in macrophages (acidic ph) in humans. the acidic ph followed by alkaline ph in the small intestine might be responsible for expression of certain stress-induced genes, resulting in not only better survival but also induction of multiplication and invasion of the bacterium in the small intestine. based on this hypothesis, we devel ... | 2014 | 25320227 |
| osteomyelitis caused by salmonella enterica serovar derby in boa constrictor. | after demonstrating chronic weight loss, prostration, and muscle flaccidness, a captive-bred 9-mo-old boa constrictor (boa constrictor constrictor) died and was submitted for necropsy. along the spinal column there were multiple, yellowish white, macroscopic nodules of 1-5 mm in diameter in the ventral side of the vertebral body and in the intervertebral spaces. severe multifocal necrotizing osteomyelitis associated with granulomatous inflammation was the main histologic finding in the vertebral ... | 2014 | 25314834 |
| lon-mediated proteolysis of the feoc protein prevents salmonella enterica from accumulating the fe(ii) transporter feob under high-oxygen conditions. | the salmonella feo system consists of the feoa, feob, and feoc proteins and mediates ferrous iron [fe(ii)] import. feob is an inner membrane protein that, along with contributions from two small hydrophilic proteins, feoa and feoc, transports fe(ii). we previously reported that feoc binds to and protects the feob transporter from ftsh-mediated proteolysis. in the present study, we report proteolytic regulation of feoc that occurs in an oxygen-dependent fashion. while relatively stable under low- ... | 2015 | 25313398 |
| detection of different serotypes of salmonella enterica in experimentally inoculated equine fecal samples by commercially available rapid tests. | salmonella enterica can significantly impact management of animal facilities. comprehensive screening is essential for effective control in high-risk populations. availability of reliable point-of-care diagnostic tests would facilitate these efforts. | 2017 | 25312330 |
| salmonella typhimurium strain atcc14028 requires h2-hydrogenases for growth in the gut, but not at systemic sites. | salmonella enterica is a common cause of diarrhea. for eliciting disease, the pathogen has to colonize the gut lumen, a site colonized by the microbiota. this process/initial stage is incompletely understood. recent work established that one particular strain, salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovar typhimurium strain sl1344, employs the hyb h2-hydrogenase for consuming microbiota-derived h2 to support gut luminal pathogen growth: protons from the h2-splitting reaction contribute to the proton ... | 2014 | 25303479 |
| complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis vaccine strain c500 attenuated by chemical mutation. | salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis strain c500 is a live vaccine attenuated by chemical methods. here, we report the complete genome sequence of the strain, which may be helpful for elucidating the attenuation mechanism of the vaccine strain. | 2014 | 25301657 |
| [study on the molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of salmonella enterica serovar pomona]. | to study the epidemiological characteristics and antibiotic resistance of salmonella enterica serovar pomona (s. pomona). | 2014 | 25294079 |
| a comparison of the bax system method to the u.s. food and drug administration's bacteriological analytical manual and international organization for standardization reference methods for the detection of salmonella in a variety of soy ingredients. | the performances of two dupont bax system pcr assays for detecting salmonella on a variety of low-moisture soy ingredients were evaluated against the u. s. food and drug administration's bacteriological analytical manual (fda bam) method or the international organization for standardization (iso) 6579 reference method. these evaluations were conducted as a single laboratory validation at an iso 17025 accredited third-party laboratory. validations were conducted on five soy ingredients: isolated ... | 2014 | 25285497 |
| salmonella serovars and antimicrobial resistance in strains isolated from wild animals in captivity in sinaloa, mexico. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of antibiotic resistance in salmonella spp. strains from wild animals in captivity at the culiacan zoo and the mazatlan aquarium in sinaloa, mexico. we identified 17 different salmonella enterica serovars at a prevalence of 19.90% (culiacan zoo) and 6.25% (mazatlan aquarium). antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed that, of the 83 strains studied, 100% were multidrug resistant (mdr). the drugs against which the greatest resistance was obse ... | 2014 | 25282954 |
| survival and fate of salmonella enterica serovar montevideo in adult horn flies (diptera: muscidae). | contamination of cattle peripheral lymph nodes with salmonella enterica is proposed to occur via a transdermal route of entry. if so, bacteria may be introduced to cattle by biting arthropods. biting flies, such as horn flies (haematobia irritans irritans (l.)) (diptera: muscidae), are intriguing candidates for transmitting salmonella to cattle because they provide a route of entry when they breach the skin barrier during blood feeding. using a green fluorescent protein-expressing strain of salm ... | 2014 | 25276929 |
| molecular typing, antibiotic resistance, virulence gene and biofilm formation of different salmonella enterica serotypes. | salmonella enterica isolates representing commonly isolated serotypes in tunisia were analyzed using genotyping and phenotyping methods. eric and its-pcr applied to 48 salmonella spp. isolates revealed the presence of 12 and 10 different profiles, respectively. the distribution of profiles among serotypes demonstrated the presence of strains showing an identical fingerprinting pattern. all salmonella strains used in this study were positive for the sdia gene. three salmonella isolates belonging ... | 2014 | 25273985 |
| reorganization of the endosomal system in salmonella-infected cells: the ultrastructure of salmonella-induced tubular compartments. | during the intracellular life of salmonella enterica, a unique membrane-bound compartment termed salmonella-containing vacuole, or scv, is formed. by means of translocated effector proteins, intracellular salmonella also induce the formation of extensive, highly dynamic membrane tubules termed salmonella-induced filaments or sif. here we report the first detailed ultrastructural analyses of the scv and sif by electron microscopy (em), em tomography and live cell correlative light and electron mi ... | 2014 | 25254663 |
| live cell imaging of intracellular salmonella enterica. | during the intracellular phase of the pathogenic lifestyle, salmonella enterica massively alters the endosomal system of its host cells. two hallmarks are the remodeling of phagosomes into the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv) as a replicative niche, and the formation of tubular structures, such as salmonella-induced filaments (sifs). to study the dynamics and the fate of these salmonella-specific compartments, live cell imaging (lci) is a method of choice. in this chapter, we compare currentl ... | 2015 | 25253257 |
| applications of microscopy in salmonella research. | salmonella enterica is a gram-negative enteropathogen that can cause localized infections, typically resulting in gastroenteritis, or systemic infection, e.g., typhoid fever, in humans and many other animals. understanding the mechanisms by which salmonella induces disease has been the focus of intensive research. this has revealed that salmonella invasion requires dynamic cross-talk between the microbe and host cells, in which bacterial adherence rapidly leads to a complex sequence of cellular ... | 2015 | 25253256 |
| red-mediated recombineering of salmonella enterica genomes. | the mutagenesis of enterobacterial genomes using phage λ red recombinase functions is a rapid and versatile experimental tool. in addition to the rapid generation of deletions in the genome of salmonella enterica, variations of the method allow site-directed mutagenesis, generation of reporter fusions, generation of chimeric genes, or transplantation of regulatory elements directly in the chromosome. we describe the application of these approaches with focus on practical aspects and critical ste ... | 2015 | 25253248 |
| the essential protein for bacterial flagella formation flgj functions as a β-n-acetylglucosaminidase. | the flagellum is a major virulence factor of motile pathogenic bacteria. this structure requires more than 50 proteins for its biogenesis and function, one of which is flgj. homologs of flgj produced by the β- and γ-proteobacteria, such as salmonella enterica, vibrio spp., and both sphingomonas sp. and pseudomonas spp. are bifunctional, possessing an n-terminal domain responsible for proper rod assembly and a c-terminal domain possessing peptidoglycan lytic activity. despite the amount of resear ... | 2014 | 25248745 |
| characterization of blatem-52-carrying plasmids of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing salmonella enterica isolates from chicken meat with a common supplier in japan. | the acquisition of resistance to cephalosporins among salmonella spp. is a major public health concern. this study identified clonal plasmids carrying bla(tem-52) from 10 salmonella enterica serovar infantis and manhattan isolates from retail chicken meats that originated from a common supplier in japan. whole-genome analyses of the representative plasmids, including pym4, revealed that they are 38 kb in size and that pym4 is identical to pdkx1 from beef in denmark, suggesting a global dissemina ... | 2014 | 25246394 |
| a novel multiplex pcr for the simultaneous detection of salmonella enterica and shigella species. | salmonella enterica and shigella species are commonly associated with food and water borne infections leading to gastrointestinal diseases. the present work was undertaken to develop a sensitive and reliable pcr based detection system for simultaneous detection of salmonella enterica and shigella at species level. for this the conserved regions of specific genes namely ipah1, ipah, wbgz, wzy and inva were targeted for detection of shigella genus, s. flexneri, s. sonnei, s. boydii and salmonella ... | 2014 | 25242957 |
| spi-23 of s. derby: role in adherence and invasion of porcine tissues. | salmonella enterica serovars derby and mbandaka are isolated from different groups of livestock species in the uk. s. derby is predominantly isolated from pigs and turkeys and s. mbandaka is predominantly isolated from cattle and chickens. alignment of the genome sequences of two isolates of each serovar led to the discovery of a new putative salmonella pathogenicity island, spi-23, in the chromosome sequence of s. derby isolates. spi-23 is 37 kb in length and contains 42 orfs, ten of which are ... | 2014 | 25238397 |
| the effects of vaccination and immunity on bacterial infection dynamics in vivo. | salmonella enterica infections are a significant global health issue, and development of vaccines against these bacteria requires an improved understanding of how vaccination affects the growth and spread of the bacteria within the host. we have combined in vivo tracking of molecularly tagged bacterial subpopulations with mathematical modelling to gain a novel insight into how different classes of vaccines and branches of the immune response protect against secondary salmonella enterica infectio ... | 2014 | 25233077 |
| structure of a bacterial α2-macroglobulin reveals mimicry of eukaryotic innate immunity. | alpha-2-macroglobulins (a2ms) are plasma proteins that trap and inhibit a broad range of proteases and are major components of the eukaryotic innate immune system. surprisingly, a2m-like proteins were identified in pathogenically invasive bacteria and species that colonize higher eukaryotes. bacterial a2ms are located in the periplasm where they are believed to provide protection to the cell by trapping external proteases through a covalent interaction with an activated thioester. here we report ... | 2014 | 25221932 |
| prevalence and characterization of salmonella enterica in dried milk-related infant foods in shaanxi, china. | the aim of this study was to investigate the existence and characteristics of salmonella enterica in dried milk-related infant foods. twenty-four (3.4%) of 705 samples, including 5 (2.0%) of 246 powdered infant formula, 18 (4.0%) of 445 infant rice cereal, and 1 (7.1%) of 14 other infant foods, were positive for salmonella. fifteen serotypes were identified in 40 salmonella isolates; salmonella duesseldorf (15.0%) and salmonella indiana (15.0%) were more frequently detected than other serotypes. ... | 2014 | 25218754 |
| age-dependent enterocyte invasion and microcolony formation by salmonella. | the coordinated action of a variety of virulence factors allows salmonella enterica to invade epithelial cells and penetrate the mucosal barrier. the influence of the age-dependent maturation of the mucosal barrier for microbial pathogenesis has not been investigated. here, we analyzed salmonella infection of neonate mice after oral administration. in contrast to the situation in adult animals, we observed spontaneous colonization, massive invasion of enteroabsorptive cells, intraepithelial prol ... | 2014 | 25210785 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhi and the pathogenesis of typhoid fever. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi, the cause of typhoid, is host restricted to humans. s. typhi has a monophyletic population structure, indicating that typhoid in humans is a relatively new disease. antimicrobial usage is reshaping the current s. typhi global population and may be driving the emergence of a specific haplotype, h58, that is well adapted to transmission in modern settings and is able to resist antimicrobial killing more efficiently than other s. typhi. evidence gathered through g ... | 2014 | 25208300 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence characteristics of salmonella enterica typhimurium isolates from healthy and diseased pigs in korea. | this study compared the antimicrobial susceptibility and prevalence of virulence genes in salmonella enterica typhimurium isolated from healthy and diseased pigs in korea. a total of 456 salmonella typhimurium isolated from healthy (n = 238) and diseased (n = 218) pigs between 1998 and 2011 were investigated. in total, 93.4% of the salmonella typhimurium isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent tested. the isolates were most often resistant to tetracycline (85.7%), followed by ... | 2014 | 25198838 |
| the complete sequence of salmonella genomic island sgi1-k. | | 2015 | 25193084 |
| genetic diversity of salmonella pathogenicity islands spi-5 and spi-6 in salmonella newport. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype newport is one of the common serotypes causing foodborne salmonellosis outbreaks in the united states. salmonella newport consists of three lineages exhibiting extensive genetic diversity. due to the importance of salmonella pathogenicity islands 5 and 6 (spi-5 and spi-6) in virulence of pathogenic salmonella, the genetic diversity of these two spis may relate to different potentials of salmonella newport pathogenicity. most salmonella newport str ... | 2014 | 25188010 |
| the structure of the slrp-trx1 complex sheds light on the autoinhibition mechanism of the type iii secretion system effectors of the nel family. | salmonella infections are a leading cause of bacterial foodborne illness in the u.s.a. and the european union antimicrobial therapy is often administered to treat the infection, but increasingly isolates are being detected that demonstrate resistance to multiple antibiotics. salmonella enterica contains two virulence-related t3ss (type iii secretion systems): one promotes invasion of the intestine and the other one mediates systemic disease. both of them secrete the slrp protein acting as e3 ubi ... | 2014 | 25184225 |
| studies on the antibacterial activity of khaya senegalensis [(desr.) a. juss)] stem bark extract on salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi [(ex kauffmann and edwards) le minor and popoff]. | to study the phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of the stem bark extracts of khaya senegalensis (k. senegalensis) against salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi. | 2014 | 25183098 |
| the cysteine desulfhydrase cdsh is conditionally required for sulfur mobilization to the thiamine thiazole in salmonella enterica. | thiamine pyrophosphate is a required coenzyme that contains a mechanistically important sulfur atom. in salmonella enterica, sulfur is trafficked to both thiamine biosynthesis and 4-thiouridine biosynthesis by the enzyme thii using persulfide (r-s-s-h) chemistry. it was previously reported that a thii mutant strain could grow independent of exogenous thiamine in the presence of cysteine, suggesting there was a second mechanism for sulfur mobilization. data reported here show that oxidation produ ... | 2014 | 25182497 |
| diversity of salmonella isolates from central florida surface waters. | identification of salmonella serotypes is important for understanding the environmental diversity of the genus salmonella. this study evaluates the diversity of salmonella isolates recovered from 165 of 202 central florida surface water samples and investigates whether the serotype of the environmental salmonella isolates can be predicted by a previously published multiplex pcr assay (s. kim, j. g. frye, j. hu, p. j. fedorka-cray, r. gautom, and d. s. boyle, j. clin. microbiol. 44:3608-3615, 200 ... | 2014 | 25172861 |
| oral multicomponent dna vaccine delivered by attenuated salmonella elicited immunoprotection against american trypanosomiasis. | we have reported that attenuated salmonella (s) carrying plasmids encoding the cysteine protease cruzipain (cz) protects against trypanosoma cruzi infection. here, we determined whether immunoprotection could be improved by the oral coadministration of 3 salmonella carrying the plasmids that encode the antigens cz, tc52, and tc24. scz+stc52+stc24-immunized mice presented an increased antibody response against each antigen compared with those in the single antigen-immunized groups, as well as hig ... | 2015 | 25160983 |
| identification of protective antigens for vaccination against systemic salmonellosis. | there is an urgent medical need for improved vaccines with broad serovar coverage and high efficacy against systemic salmonellosis. subunit vaccines offer excellent safety profiles but require identification of protective antigens, which remains a challenging task. here, i review crucial properties of salmonella antigens that might help to narrow down the number of potential candidates from more than 4000 proteins encoded in salmonella genomes, to a more manageable number of 50-200 most promisin ... | 2014 | 25157252 |
| differentiation of salmonella strains from the sara, sarb and sarc reference collections by using three genes pcr-rflp and the 2100 agilent bioanalyzer. | rapid molecular typing methods are important tools in surveillance and outbreak investigations of human salmonella infections. here we described the development of a three-genes pcr-rflp typing method for the differentiation of salmonella species, subspecies and serovars using the agilent 2100 bioanalyzer. the flic, gnd, and muts genes were pcr-amplified in 160 salmonella strains representing the two salmonella species, six subspecies, and 41 different serovars of s. enterica subspecies enterica ... | 2014 | 25157247 |
| plant innate immunity against human bacterial pathogens. | certain human bacterial pathogens such as the enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and salmonella enterica are not proven to be plant pathogens yet. nonetheless, under certain conditions they can survive on, penetrate into, and colonize internal plant tissues causing serious food borne disease outbreaks. in this review, we highlight current understanding on the molecular mechanisms of plant responses against human bacterial pathogens and discuss salient common and contrasting themes of plant inter ... | 2014 | 25157245 |
| a dimerization interface mediated by functionally critical residues creates interfacial disulfide bonds and copper sites in cuep. | cuep confers bacterial copper resistance in the periplasm, particularly under anaerobic conditions, through an unknown mechanism. the only available structure and limited solution data suggest that cuep forms noncovalent dimers in solution, whereas sequence conservation suggests important roles for three cysteines and two histidines as copper ligands. here we report evidence of a dimerization equilibrium mediated by a newly identified interface of functional relevance, which occludes internal co ... | 2014 | 25151035 |
| overexpression, purification and validation of antigenic salmonella enterica serovar typhi proteins identified from lc-ms/ms. | in our earlier study, an immunoblot analysis using sera from febrile patients revealed that a 50-kda band from an outer membrane protein fraction of salmonella enterica serovar typhi was specifically recognized only by typhoid sera and not sera from other febrile illnesses. here, we investigated the identities of the proteins contained in the immunogenic 50-kda band to pinpoint antigens responsible for its immunogenicity. we first used lc-ms/ms for protein identification, then used the online to ... | 2014 | 25149461 |
| detection of salmonella enterica in magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) of chilean patagonia: evidences of inter-species transmission. | patagonia in southern south america is among the few world regions where direct human impact is still limited but progressively increasing, mainly represented by tourism, farming, fishing and mining activities. the sanitary condition of patagonian wildlife is unknown, in spite of being critical for the assessment of anthropogenic effects there. the aim of this study was the characterization of salmonella enterica strains isolated from wild colonies of magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus ... | 2015 | 25148565 |
| genomic epidemiology of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis based on population structure of prevalent lineages. | salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis is one of the most commonly reported causes of human salmonellosis. its low genetic diversity, measured by fingerprinting methods, has made subtyping a challenge. we used whole-genome sequencing to characterize 125 s. enterica enteritidis and 3 s. enterica serotype nitra strains. single-nucleotide polymorphisms were filtered to identify 4,887 reliable loci that distinguished all isolates from each other. our whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism typ ... | 2014 | 25147968 |
| isolation of salmonella enterica serovar kentucky strain st 198 and its h2s-negative variant from a patient: implications for diagnosis. | h2s-producing multiresistant salmonella enterica serovar kentucky strain sequence type (st) 198 and its non-h2s-producing variant were isolated from a patient. whole-genome comparison showed a base addition in the gene encoding molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein c, which could affect h2s production in the variant. lack of h2s production has implications for diagnosis of salmonella. | 2014 | 25143568 |
| same species, different diseases: how and why typhoidal and non-typhoidal salmonella enterica serovars differ. | human infections by the bacterial pathogen salmonella enterica represent major disease burdens worldwide. this highly ubiquitous species consists of more than 2600 different serovars that can be divided into typhoidal and non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) serovars. despite their genetic similarity, these two groups elicit very different diseases and distinct immune responses in humans. comparative analyses of the genomes of multiple salmonella serovars have begun to explain the basis of the variati ... | 2014 | 25136336 |
| antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates from bangladesh, indonesia, taiwan, and vietnam. | we characterized salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates from bangladesh, indonesia, taiwan, and vietnam to investigate their genetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance. the isolates from bangladesh and vietnam were genetically closely related but were distant from those from indonesia and taiwan. all but a few isolates from indonesia and taiwan were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. the majority of isolates from bangladesh and vietnam were multidrug resistant (mdr) and belonged ... | 2014 | 25136011 |
| hild induces expression of salmonella pathogenicity island 2 genes by displacing the global negative regulator h-ns from ssrab. | salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (spi-1 and spi-2) have essential roles in the pathogenesis of salmonella enterica. previously, we reported transcriptional cross talk between spi-1 and spi-2 when the spi-1 regulator hild induces expression of the ssra/b two-component system, the central positive regulator of spi-2, during the growth of salmonella to late stationary phase in lb rich medium. here, we further define the mechanism of the hild-mediated expression of ssrab. expression analysis ... | 2014 | 25135218 |
| interactome analyses of salmonella pathogenicity islands reveal sica indispensable for virulence. | serovars of salmonella enterica, namely typhi and typhimurium, reportedly, are the bacterial pathogens causing systemic infections like gastroenteritis and typhoid fever. to elucidate the role and importance in such infection, the proteins of the type iii secretion system of salmonella pathogenicity islands and two component signal transduction systems, have been mainly focused. however, the most indispensable of these virulent ones and their hierarchical role has not yet been studied extensivel ... | 2014 | 25128737 |
| increase of multidrug efflux pump expression in fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella mutants induced by ciprofloxacin selective pressure. | multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens are a leading public health concern, as antimicrobial resistance can lead to therapeutic failure. in this study, a ciprofloxacin-susceptible salmonella istanbul (sal10-fc-ku12) was isolated from chicken meat obtained from a market in korea to induce ciprofloxacin-resistant mutants (salml, salmm, and salmh). minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 12 antibiotics were measured in the presence or absence of an efflux pump inhibitor. expression levels of e ... | 2014 | 25128419 |
| nontyphoidal cardiac salmonellosis: two case reports and a review of the literature. | nontyphoidal salmonella, especially salmonella enterica, is a rare cause of endocarditis and pericarditis that carries a high mortality rate. proposed predisposing conditions include immunodeficiency states, congenital heart defects, and cardiac valve diseases. we present 2 cases of cardiovascular salmonellosis. the first case is that of a 73-year-old woman with mechanical mitral and bioprosthetic aortic valves who died from sequelae of nontyphoidal salmonella mitral valve vegetation, aortic val ... | 2014 | 25120393 |
| monophasic expression of flic by salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- dt193 does not alter its pathogenicity during infection of porcine intestinal epithelial cells. | non-typhoidal serotypes of salmonella enterica remain important food-borne pathogens worldwide and the frequent emergence of epidemic strains in food-producing animals is a risk to public health. in recent years, salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- isolates, expressing only phase 1 (flic) of the two flagellar antigens, have emerged and increased in prevalence worldwide. in europe, the majority of 4,[5],12:i:- isolates belong to phage types dt193 and dt120 of salmonella typhimurium and pigs have been identif ... | 2014 | 25118251 |
| evaluation of attenuated salmonella choleraesuis-mediated inhibin recombinant dna vaccine in rats. | dna vaccination has been studied intensively as a potential vaccine technology. we evaluated the effect of an attenuated salmonella choleraesuis-mediated inhibin dna vaccine in rats. first, 15 rats were treated with different doses of an inhibin vaccine to evaluate vaccine safety. next, 30 rats were divided into 3 groups and injected intramuscularly with the inhibin vaccine two (t1) or three times (t2) or with control bacteria (con) at 4-week intervals. the inhibin antibody levels increased [pos ... | 2014 | 25117370 |
| a three-year review of antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a in pakistan. | enteric fever is among the most common bacteraemic illnesses in south asia. multidrug resistance as well as fluoroquinolone resistance has severely limited therapeutic options in high disease burden countries such as pakistan. this review was conducted to determine the frequency of drug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s.typhi) and salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a (s. paratyphi a) between 2009 and 2011. | 2014 | 25116662 |
| characterization of integrons and resistance genes in multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica isolated from meat and dairy products in egypt. | foodborne pathogens are a leading cause of illness and death, especially in developing countries. the problem is exacerbated if bacteria attain multidrug resistance. little is currently known about the extent of antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens and the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance in africa. therefore, the current study was carried out to characterize, at the molecular level, the mechanism of multidrug resistance in salmonella enterica isolated from 1600 food sampl ... | 2014 | 25113044 |
| immuno-fluorescence based vi capsular polysaccharide detection for specific recognition of salmonella enterica serovar typhi in clinical samples. | typhoid fever is a life threatening bacterial infection that remains a major global health concern. this continued high burden associated with significant morbidity and mortality rate demands specific and rapid detection technique. this work reports a new sandwich type fluorescence immunoassay format using polymyxin b, a cationic receptor molecule, as a binder agent while anti-vi antibody served as the capturing agent for specifically detecting salmonella enterica serovar typhi. anti-vi igg anti ... | 2014 | 25109861 |
| co-spread of oqxab and blactx-m-9g in non-typhi salmonella enterica isolates mediated by st2-inchi2 plasmids. | in this study, 130 non-typhi salmonella enterica isolates from chickens were analysed for the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) determinants as well as the co-existence of oqxab and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) genes. the genes oqxab, aac(6')-ib-cr, blactx-m-9g and blatem were present alone or in combination in 40 (30.8%), 40 (30.8%), 55 (42.3%) and 2 (1.5%) isolates, respectively. most of the oqxab-blactx-m-9g-positive isolates (17/28) carried transferable st2-i ... | 2014 | 25108878 |
| short communication: determination of salmonella clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr) diversity on dairy farms in wisconsin and minnesota. | salmonella enterica ssp. enterica is a foodborne pathogen able to cause disease in both humans and animals. diverse serovars of this pathogen exist, some of which are host specific, causing a range of clinical symptoms from asymptomatic infection through morbidity and mortality. according to a 2007 survey by the usda national animal health monitoring system, fecal shedding of salmonella from healthy cows occurs on 39.7% of dairy farms in the united states. certain serovars are frequently isolate ... | 2014 | 25108866 |
| characterization of an unusual salmonella phage type dt7a and report of a foodborne outbreak of salmonellosis. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12,i:- is a monophasic variant of salmonella typhimurium and its occurrence has markedly increased in several european countries in the last ten years. in june 2011, an outbreak of salmonella 4,[5],12,i:- was reported among attendees of a wedding reception in the north-east of italy. the source of this outbreak was identified as a cooked pork product served during the wedding reception. all salmonella isolates from humans and the contaminated por ... | 2014 | 25108760 |
| diversity and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enterica isolates from surface water in southeastern united states. | a study of prevalence, diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enterica in surface water in the southeastern united states was conducted. a new scheme was developed for recovery of salmonella from irrigation pond water and compared with the fda's bacteriological analytical manual (8th ed., 2014) (bam) method. fifty-one isolates were recovered from 10 irrigation ponds in produce farms over a 2-year period; nine salmonella serovars were identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ... | 2014 | 25107969 |
| are we adequately prepared for the emergence of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a? | | 2014 | 25103052 |
| antimicrobial resistance, virulence profiles and molecular subtypes of salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a blood isolates from kolkata, india during 2009-2013. | enteric fever, caused by salmonella enterica, remains an unresolved public health problem in india and antimicrobial therapy is the main mode of treatment. the objective of this study was to characterize the salmonella enterica isolates from kolkata with respect to their antimicrobial resistance (amr), virulence profiles and molecular subtypes. salmonella enterica blood isolates were collected from clinically suspected enteric fever patients attending various hospitals in kolkata, india from jan ... | 2014 | 25098613 |
| characteristics of salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- as a monophasic variant of serovar typhimurium. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- (s. 4,[5]12:i:-) is believed to be a monophasic variant of s. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium). this study was conducted to corroborate this hypothesis and to identify the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of the s. 4,[5]12:i:- isolates in japan. a total of 51 s. 4,[5]12:i:- isolates derived from humans, cattle, swine, chickens, birds, meat (pork), and river water in 15 prefectures in japan between 2000 and 2010 wer ... | 2014 | 25093666 |
| isolation of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella from migratory brown-headed cowbirds (molothrus ater), common grackles (quiscalus quiscula), and cattle egrets (bubulcus ibis). | zoonotic enteric pathogenic bacteria can live in the intestinal tract of birds and can be transmitted to food animals or humans via fecal contact. in the present study, cecal samples were collected from 376 migratory birds from species often associated with cattle during the fall migration in the central flyway of the united states. brown-headed cowbirds (n=309, molothrus ater), common grackles (n=51, quiscalus quiscula), and cattle egrets (n=12, bubulcus ibis) contained foodborne pathogenic bac ... | 2014 | 25078494 |
| how multidrug resistance in typhoid fever affects treatment options. | salmonella enterica serotype typhi (s. typhi) is an enteric pathogen that causes typhoid fever. the infection can be severe, with significant morbidity and mortality, requiring antimicrobial therapy. cases of s. typhi infection in the united states and other developed countries are often associated with travel to endemic regions. the empirical use of first-line drugs for therapy, including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, has resulted in transmissible multidrug res ... | 2014 | 25069595 |
| air-ozonolysis to generate contact active antimicrobial surfaces: activation of polyethylene and polystyrene followed by covalent graft of quaternary ammonium salts. | air-ozonolysis was revealed as an accessible and effective approach for surface activation and further functionalization of hydrocarbon polymers. antimicrobial contact active polyethylene (pe) and polystyrene (ps) were designed by generation on their surfaces oh-functional groups and covalent graft of dimethyloctadecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium chloride (c18-tsa) quaternary ammonium salt. the shortened analog, trimethyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium chloride (c1-tsa), was als ... | 2014 | 25064479 |
| trs-based pcr as a potential tool for inter-serovar discrimination of salmonella enteritidis, s. typhimurium, s. infantis, s. virchow, s. hadar, s. newport and s. anatum. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica comprises a number of serovars, many of which pose an epidemiological threat to humans and are a worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality. most reported food infection outbreaks involve the serovars salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium. rapid identification to determine the primary sources of the bacterial contamination is important to the improvement of public health. in recent years, many dna-based techniques have been applied to genotype salm ... | 2014 | 25063578 |
| the effects of time, temperature, and ph on the stability of pdu bacterial microcompartments. | bacterial microcompartments (mcps) are subcellular organelles that are composed of a protein shell and encapsulated metabolic enzymes. it has been suggested that mcps can be engineered to encapsulate protein cargo for use as in vivo nanobioreactors or carriers for drug delivery. understanding the stability of the mcp shell is critical for such applications. here, we investigate the integrity of the propanediol utilization (pdu) mcp shell of salmonella enterica over time, in buffers with various ... | 2014 | 25053115 |
| a scalable method for biochemical purification of salmonella flagellin. | flagellins are the main structural proteins of bacterial flagella and potent stimulators of innate and adaptive immunity in mammals. the flagellins of salmonella are virulence factors and protective antigens, and form the basis of promising vaccines. despite broad interest in flagellins as antigens and adjuvants in vaccine formulations, there have been few advances towards the development of scalable and economical purification methods for these proteins. we report here a simple and robust strat ... | 2014 | 25050462 |
| supplement 2008-2010 (no. 48) to the white-kauffmann-le minor scheme. | this supplement (no. 48) of the white-kauffmann-le minor scheme reports on the characterization of 63 new salmonella serovars and 25 new variants of previously described salmonella serovars recognized by the who collaborating centre for reference and research on salmonella between 2008 and 2010. forty-four new serovars were assigned to salmonella enterica subspecies enterica, 12 to subspecies salamae, two to subspecies arizonae, two to subspecies diarizonae and three to subspecies houtenae. all ... | 2014 | 25049166 |