| the o polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide from vibrio cholerae o76 is a homopolymer of n-[(s)-(+)-2-hydroxypropionyl]-alpha-l-perosamine. | chemical and serological studies of lps from vibrio cholerae o76 (o76) were performed. the lps of o76 contained d-glucose, d-galactose, l-glycero-d-manno-heptose, d-fructose, d-glucosamine, d-quinovosamine (2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-d-glucose) and l-perosamine (4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-l-mannopyranose). the sugar composition of the lps from o76 was quite similar to that of lps from v. cholerae o1 with the exception of the presence of a small amount of d-galactose in the lps of o76. however, perosamine, a m ... | 1996 | 8885404 |
| resurgence of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal with altered antibiogram in calcutta, india. | | 1996 | 8888210 |
| cloning and genetic analysis of the vibrio cholerae aminopeptidase gene. | the structural gene for the vibrio cholerae leucine aminopeptidase (lap) was cloned and sequenced. the cloned dna fragment contained a 1,503-bp open reading frame potentially encoding a 501-amino-acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 54,442 da. the deduced amino acid sequence of the entire protein showed high homology with the sequence of vibrio proteolyticus leucine aminopeptidase. the residues potentially involved in binding the zinc ions were completely conserved in the v. chol ... | 1996 | 8890197 |
| in vitro proteolytic processing and activation of the recombinant precursor of el tor cytolysin/hemolysin (pro-hlya) of vibrio cholerae by soluble hemagglutinin/protease of v. cholerae, trypsin, and other proteases. | vibrio cholerae produces a cytolytic toxin named el tor cytolysin/hemolysin which is encoded by the hlya gene. this cytolysin is produced as a 79-kda precursor form (pro-hlya) into the culture supernatant after cleavage of the signal peptide of the hlya product (prepro-hlya). the pro-hlya is then processed to a 65-kda mature cytolysin (mature hlya) after cleavage of the 15-kda n-terminal peptide (pro region) of the 79-kda precursor, usually at the bond between ala-157 and asn-158. we investigate ... | 1996 | 8890221 |
| role of the escherichia coli o157:h7 o side chain in adherence and analysis of an rfb locus. | shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli strains belonging to serotype o157 are important human pathogens, but the genetic basis of expression of the o157 antigen and the role played by the lipopolysaccharide o side chain in the adherence of this organism to epithelial cells are not understood. we performed tnphoa mutagenesis on e. coli o157:h7 strain 86-24 to identify a mutant (strain f12) deficient in o-antigen expression. nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrated that the transposon inserted within a ... | 1996 | 8890241 |
| immunocytochemical localization of 60-kda heat shock protein in vibrio cholerae. | the immunocytochemical localization of the 60-kda heat shock protein (hsp) in vibrio cholerae strain 569b was studied by transmission electron microscopy using a combination with the antigen-specific monoclonal antibody (5c3) and immunogold labelling. the labelling with gold particles in v. cholerae detected 2 types; the gold particles were exclusively detected in the cytoplasm for one type and in the periplasmic space for another type, suggesting that the 60-kda hsp of v. cholerae corresponding ... | 1996 | 8899969 |
| vibrio cholerae 01 in fish tank water. | | 1996 | 8901258 |
| the evolution and maintenance of virulence in microparasites. | in recent years, population and evolutionary biologists have questioned the traditional view that parasite-mediated morbidity and mortality¿virulence¿is a primitive character and an artifact of recent associations between parasites and their hosts. a number of hypotheses have been proposed that favor virulence and suggest that it will be maintained by natural selection. according to some of these hypotheses, the pathogenicity of hiv, vibrio cholerae, mycobacterium tuberculosis,theshigella,as wel ... | 1996 | 8903208 |
| cholera: foodborne transmission and its prevention. | the last several years have witnessed a tremendous increase in reported cholera cases across the globe. the explosive arrival of the seventh cholera pandemic in latin american in 1991, dramatic epidemics of cholera on the indian subcontinent and in southeast asia due to the newly recognized vibrio cholerae o139 strain, and the often deadly presence of cholera among populations affected by political and social upheaval in africa and eastern europe are evidence that many countries have failed to a ... | 1996 | 8905306 |
| lipopolysaccharides of escherichia coli k12 strains that express cloned genes for the ogawa and inaba antigens of vibrio cholerae o1: identification of o-antigenic factors. | structural and serological studies were performed with the lipopolysaccharide (lps) expressed by escherichia coli k12 strains no. 30 and no. 64, into which cosmid clones derived from vibrio cholerae o1 nih 41 (ogawa) and nih 35a3 (inaba) had been introduced, respectively. the two recombinant strains, no. 30 (ogawa) and no. 64 (inaba), produced lps that included, in common, the o-polysaccharide chain composed of an alpha (1-->2)-linked n-(3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronyl)-d-perosamine (4-amino-4,6-dide ... | 1996 | 8908606 |
| serum antibacterial and antitoxin responses in clinical cholera caused by vibrio cholerae o139 bengal and evaluation of their importance in protection. | vibrio cholerae o139 bengal strain was the causative agent of the recent epidemics of cholera in india and bangladesh. we studied antibacterial and antitoxin immune responses in acute and convalescent phase paired sera collected from seven of these cholera patients. significant rise in the levels of both antibacterial and antitoxin antibodies was demonstrable in the sera of convalescent cholera patients. antibacterial antibodies, directed primarily against o139 lipopolysaccharides (lps), belonge ... | 1996 | 8911010 |
| efficacy of octreotide in diarrhoea due to vibrio cholerae: a randomized, controlled trial. | although octreotide, a long-acting analogue of somatostatin, is currently used in the treatment of chronic secretory diarrhoea due to various causes, its role in the management of acute secretory diarrhoea is not well established. in the present study, therefore, the therapeutic value of octreotide in the management of cholera, a classical example of acute secretory diarrhoea, was investigated. during an outbreak of cholera, patients admitted with acute secretory diarrhoea of < or = 24 h duratio ... | 1996 | 8915127 |
| cloning and characterization of dnae, encoding the catalytic subunit of replicative dna polymerase iii, from vibrio cholerae strain c6706. | we report that vibrio cholerae (vc) contains a gene homologous to escherichia coli dnae, the structural gene for the alpha (catalytic) subunit of replicative dna polymerase iii (poliii). despite 24% amino acid (aa) differences in the encoded proteins, the vc gene strongly complements an e. coli dnae temperature sensitive (ts) mutant, indicating that all functional features essential for replication are conserved. | 1996 | 8917113 |
| dimerisation of the glycophorin a transmembrane segment in membranes probed with the toxr transcription activator. | specific interactions between membrane spanning polypeptide segments are important for folding and oligomerisation of integral membrane proteins. previously the dimerisation of glycophorin a has been shown to depend on interactions between its transmembrane segment by studying chimeric proteins in detergent solution. here, we examined dimerisation of the glycophorin a transmembrane segment in a natural membrane employing the toxr transcription activator from vibrio cholerae. the toxr protein is ... | 1996 | 8918935 |
| enterotoxigenic enteric bacteria causing secretory diarrhoea. | two hundred and fifty enteric bacteria isolated from cases of secretory diarrhoea of all age groups were studied for their enterotoxigenicity and prevalence of drug resistance. the principal pathogens were escherichia coli 44.4%, vibrio cholerae 28.8%, salmonella typhimurium 19.2% and campylobacter jejuni 2.4%. 104 (42.6%) strains were enterotoxigenic; v. cholerae (100%), escherichia coli (25.2%) and non-e. coli enterobacteria (6.5%). while 89.3% and 100% enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and sal ... | 1995 | 8919105 |
| comparative effectiveness of co-trimoxazole and tetracycline in the treatment of cholera. | the purpose of the study reported here was to compare the bactericidal effectiveness of tetracycline and co-trimoxazole (a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim) in treating cholera. the study, an open-ended random trial using adult patients with cholera cases confirmed by stool culture, was carried out in march 1993 at the cholera treatment unit (ctu) of the hospital de apoyo departmental maría auxiliadora in lima, peru. a total of 107 subjects were divided into two groups (a and b). ... | 1996 | 8919724 |
| vibrio mimicus diarrhea following ingestion of raw turtle eggs. | clinical and epidemiological characteristics of diarrhea associated with vibrio mimicus were identified in 33 hospitalized patients referred to the costa rican national diagnostic laboratory network between 1991 and 1994. the relevant symptoms presented by patients included abundant watery diarrhea, vomiting, and severe dehydration that required intravenous dhaka solution in 83% of patients but not fever. seroconversion against v. mimicus was demonstrated in four patients, from whom acute- and c ... | 1996 | 8919774 |
| versatile cosmid vectors for facilitated analysis and subcloning of the insert. | a series of cosmid vectors, termed pssvi215, pssvi216-1, pssvi216-2, pssvi217, and pssvi218, were constructed in order to facilitate the downstream processing of large inserts. each vector has dual cos sites as well as a kanamycin resistance (kmr) gene flanked by recognition sites for the very rare cutter i-scei meganuclease as well as symmetrical noti and swai sites (scekan cassette). several unique cloning sites, including bamhi, are present on one side of the cassette between the i-scei and n ... | 1996 | 8921890 |
| absence of periplasmic dsba oxidoreductase facilitates export of cysteine-containing passenger proteins to the escherichia coli cell surface via the iga beta autotransporter pathway. | the iga beta autotransporter function of iga1 protease from neisseria gonorrhoeae was assessed in escherichia coli using the vibrio cholerae toxin b subunit (ctxb) as a heterologous passenger. n-terminal fusions with iga beta of native ctxb or mutant ctxb protein containing no cysteines were constructed and analysed in isogenic e. coli mutants carrying defects in either or both the ompt (outer membrane protease t) and dsba (periplasmic disulfide oxidoreductase) determinants. while export of the ... | 1996 | 8921899 |
| identification of an immunodominant t cell epitope on cholera toxin. | cholera toxin (ct), the enterotoxin of vibrio cholerae, is a potent mucosal immunogen as well as a strong mucosal adjuvant to related and unrelated antigens. the mucosal immune response to ct is t cell dependent and mhc class ii restricted. the epitopes on ct recognized by t cells have not been identified. the purpose of this study was to determine the fine specificity of t cell recognition of both the ct a subunit (ct-a) and the ct b subunit (ct-b) by using a range of synthetic peptides. after ... | 1996 | 8921943 |
| characterization of vibrio cholerae eit or typing phage d10. | the vibrio cholerae eitor typing phage d10 was characterized. the adsorption kinetics of the phage on v. cholerae mak757 strain were biphasic in nature. intracellular growth was characterized by an eclipse period, latent period and burst size which were 20 min, 25 min and 80 particles per cell respectively. the phage yield was dependent on the concentration and time of addition of dna synthesis inhibitors such as nalidixic acid and novobiocin, and rna synthesis inhibitors such as rifampicin. the ... | 1996 | 8922484 |
| emerging & re-emerging bacterial pathogens in india. | in spite of major successes against infectious diseases in the 20th century, new infectious diseases have emerged and old ones re-emerged in recent decades in different parts of the world. a brief survey of emerging and re-emerging bacterial diseases of public health importance in india is presented in this paper. plague re-appeared in two outbreaks in maharashtra and gujarat in 1994, indicating a breakdown of the public health measures that had prevented its occurrence for several decades. lept ... | 1996 | 8926026 |
| camp test for the identification of vibrio cholerae 0139. | the confirmation of the identity of vibrio cholerae serogroup 01 and serogroup 0139 is usually done by slide agglutination tests using specific antisera. antiserum to v. cholerae 01 is freely available but not antiserum to v. cholerae 0139, thus making specific identification of the latter more difficult. a modified camp (christie atkins and muench - paterson) test has been described as a possibility in the identification of v. cholerae 0139 and we have evaluated this on 197 strains of organisms ... | 1996 | 8926028 |
| purification and characterization of novel hemagglutinins from vibrio mimicus: a 39-kilodalton major outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide. | two hemagglutinins (has) mediating the agglutinability to rabbit erythrocytes were isolated from 32-h culture supernatant of enterotoxigenic strain e-33 of vibrio mimicus by ultrafiltration followed by gel filtration and anion-exchange column chromatography. the has were designated r-ha and c-ha on the basis of specific hemagglutinating activity towards rabbit erythrocytes only (r-ha) and towards chicken and rabbit erythrocytes (c-ha). sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis an ... | 1996 | 8926065 |
| development of a germfree mouse model of vibrio cholerae infection. | a mouse model of vibrio cholerae infection was successfully developed with germfree mice. three- to four-week-old germfree mice were orally inoculated with strains of v. cholerae to be tested and then moved to normal housing after inoculation. stool culture, measurement of serum vibriocidal antibody titers, and determination of immune responses to the cholera toxin b subunit demonstrated that germfree mice are readily colonized by v cholerae and develop systemic and mucosal immune responses to a ... | 1996 | 8926115 |
| [creating a system of conjugated chromosome transfer and genetic mapping of vibrio cholerae serogroup o139 chromosomes]. | a conjugational gene transfer system consisting of donor and recipient strains has been developed for genetic analysis of vibrio cholerae 0139 serogroup, a new cholera agent. donor strains constructed using the tn5-mob carrying the origin of transfer (ori t) of plasmid rp4 and helper plasmid prp4-4 were able to perform a directed transfer of chromosomal markers. recipient strains carried mutations in auxotrophic genes as well as in virulence genes. based on this gene transfer system, a genetic m ... | 1996 | 8927057 |
| [cholera in goma, july 1994. bioforce]. | in 1994, between july 14 and july 20, around one million of rwandan refugees fled to the north kivu region of zaire. in spite of the existence of favorable conditions for cholera, it was necessary to wait until the laboratories isolated the first strain of cholera, on july 20 and 21, before the international community took action in one of the most important outbreaks of cholera known. the total number of cases of cholera was 36 471, of which half occurred between july 21 and july 27, reaching a ... | 1996 | 8927778 |
| cholera imported into england and wales, 1995. | | 1996 | 8929794 |
| integration of the dna of a novel filamentous bacteriophage vsk from vibrio cholerae 0139 into the host chromosomal dna. | an unusual filamentous bacteriophage, vsk, containing single-stranded, circular dna as its genome was isolated from vibrio cholerae 0139 strains p07 and b04. unlike other single-stranded dna phages, vsk can integrate its genome into the chromosome of the host and enter into a lysogenic state. the double-stranded replicative form (rf) of the single-stranded phage dna was isolated. a restriction map of the vsk rf dna was constructed using haeii, avaii, clai and xbai. by southern blot analysis of t ... | 1996 | 8931321 |
| aeromonas trota strains, which agglutinate with vibrio cholerae o139 bengal antiserum, possess a serologically distinct fimbrial colonization factor. | pili of aeromonas trota strain 1220, which agglutinates with vibrio cholerae o139 bengal antiserum, were purified and characterized. the molecular mass of the subunit protein was estimated to be 20 kda and the pl was 5 center dot 4. the pili were immunologically unrelated to the other aeromonas pili reported so far. however, the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the subunit pilin was similar to those of the pilins from other aeromonas pili reported previously. neither a. trota cells nor pili pur ... | 1996 | 8932704 |
| identifying bacterial genes--a cautionary tale. | | 1996 | 8936300 |
| use of vibrio spp. for expression of escherichia coli enterotoxin b subunit fusion proteins: purification and characterization of a chimera containing a c-terminal fragment of dna polymerase from herpes simplex virus type 1. | the nontoxic b subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (etxb) is a convenient carrier molecule for the attachment and delivery of heterologous peptides into eukaryotic cells. to evaluate the properties of such etxb-based fusion proteins an efficient method for their production and purification is required. high-level production and purification of native etxb has been achieved using heterologous expression and secretion in a marine vibrio (amin, t., and hirst, t. r., 1994, protein ex ... | 1996 | 8936601 |
| outbreaks of cholera in kathmandu valley in nepal. | an analysis of the seasonal outbreak of diarrhoea in children in kathmandu, nepal, is reported. vibrio cholera, 01 biotype el tor ogawa was the major cause of this epidemic. the pattern of spread suggested a waterborne infection related to contaminated river water and this was confirmed by a field survey. although the mortality rate was low, younger children were more susceptible. enteropathogenic e. coli seems to be a major cause for diarrhoea after cholera amongst children in this study. | 1996 | 8936965 |
| ciprofloxacin for treating cholera. | | 1996 | 8937293 |
| synthesis of eight glycosides of hexasaccharide fragments representing the terminus of the o-polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype inaba and ogawa, bearing aglycons suitable for linking to proteins. | the title substances were prepared from intermediate, fully acetylated alpha-trimethylsilylethyl (se) glycosides. the latter were assembled in a blockwise manner, using as the glycosyl donor the alpha-glycosyl chloride of a disaccharide bearing two 4-azido-4-deoxy functions. next, the azido groups in the assembled hexasaccharides were converted to the corresponding amines, and these were acylated with 4-o-benzyl-3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronic acid in the presence of a water-soluble carbodiimide. the ... | 1996 | 8938375 |
| cholera: nice bacteria and bad viruses. | the genes coding for cholera toxin are borne on, and can be infectiously transmitted by, a filamentous bacteriophage, raising intriguing questions about the mechanisms and evolution of bacterial pathogenesis, and the taxonomy, epidemiology and control of cholera and other bacterial diseases. | 1996 | 8939591 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 can assume a chlorine-resistant rugose survival form that is virulent for humans. | vibrio cholerae can shift to a "rugose" colonial morphology associated with expression of an amorphous exopolysaccharide that promotes cell aggregation. flow cytometric studies indicated that up to 3% of particles in rugose cultures represented aggregates of >5 bacterial cells. rugose variants of our test strains displayed resistance to killing by chlorine, with viable cells persisting for >30 min in 2 mg/l free chlorine; strains also showed resistance to killing by complement-mediated serum bac ... | 1996 | 8940236 |
| cloning and sequence of a region of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal and its use in pcr-based detection. | we isolated and characterized a vibrio cholerae o139 bengal-specific dna region by arbitrary pcr. the fragment contains open reading frames encoding two potential glycosyltransferases possibly involved in capsular polysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. in order to evaluate the possibility that this region could be used for the specific detection of v. cholerae o139 bengal, a pcr system was established. the specificity and sensitivity of the pcr were investigated by analyzing 240 stra ... | 1996 | 8940420 |
| active surveillance for vibrio cholerae o1 and vibriophages in sewage water as a potential tool to predict cholera outbreaks. | the 1991 peruvian cholera epidemic has thus far been responsible for 600,000 cholera cases in peru. in an attempt to design a cholera surveillance program in the capital city of lima, weekly sewage samples were collected between august 1993 and may 1996 and examined for the presence of vibrio cholerae o1 bacteria and v. cholerae o1 bacteriophages (i.e., vibriophages). during the 144 weeks of surveillance, 6,323 cases of clinically defined cholera were recorded in lima. we arbitrarily defined an ... | 1996 | 8940432 |
| purification and characterization of a pilus of a vibrio cholerae strain: a possible colonization factor. | a new flexible type of pilus was purified from vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-0139 strain nagv14 and characterized. the molecular mass of the pilin was estimated to be 20 kda, and the antigenicity differed from that of known pili such as toxin-coregulated pili, mannose-sensitive hemagglutinating pili, v10 pili, and al-1841 pili. the nagv14 pilus was regarded as a colonization factor because the purified pili adhered to rabbit intestine and adhesion was inhibited by treating the organisms with the f ... | 1996 | 8945571 |
| cloning and characterization of the gene encoding the ompu outer membrane protein of vibrio cholerae. | the ompu outer membrane protein is a member of the toxr regulon of vibrio cholerae and has recently been shown to be a potential adherence factor for this species. using pcr and degenerate oligonucleotide primers based on internal peptide sequences of purified ompu, we have cloned and sequenced the gene encoding ompu. the ompu gene is predicted to encode a 36,646-molecular-weight protein which is present in both cholera toxin-positive and -negative v. cholerae o1 and o139 strains. | 1996 | 8945596 |
| [cholera caused by non-01 v. cholerae]. | | 1996 | 8948862 |
| global climate and infectious disease: the cholera paradigm. | the origin of cholera has been elusive, even though scientific evidence clearly shows it is a waterborne disease. however, standard bacteriological procedures for isolation of the cholera vibrio from environmental samples, including water, between epidemics generally were unsuccessful. vibrio cholerae, a marine vibrio, requiring salt for growth, enters into a dormant, viable but nonculturable stage when conditions are unfavorable for growth and reproduction. the association of vibrio cholerae wi ... | 1996 | 8953025 |
| [emergence of toxigenic vibrio cholerae strains on non-o1 serotype as a result of the exchange of genetic information]. | to study the possibilities of genetic exchange between vibrio cholerae of o1 and non-o1 serogroups, donor and recipient strains were developed. it was shown that toxicogenic strains of v. cholerae non-o1 appeared in vitro and in vivo as the result of conjugative transfer of rfb-nag genes from avirulent v. cholerae non-o1 strains to toxicogenic strains belonging to v. cholerae o1 classical and eltor biovars. these genes are responsible for synthesis of o antigen of non-o1 serotype. it was establi ... | 1996 | 8964461 |
| the toxin-coregulated pilus is a colonization factor and protective antigen of vibrio cholerae el tor. | we have previously shown that insertional inactivation of tcpa, the gene encoding the major pilin subunit of the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp), renders vibrio cholerae o1 strains of el tor biotype virtually avirulent in the infant mouse cholera model (imcm). we now report that more refined mutants, bearing an in-frame deletion in tcpa, show a similar dramatic attenuation in vivo. in mixed-infection competition experiments the ratio of wild-type:mutant vibrios increased c. 10(3)-10(5) fold during ... | 1996 | 8965675 |
| cholera from raw seaweed transported from the philippines to california. | in march 1994, a california woman without any recent travel developed acute, profuse, watery diarrhea. her astute physician diagnosed cholera after ordering the appropriate stool culture, and the patient improved on an oral antibiotic. epidemiologic investigation implicated seaweed from the philippines that was transported by a friend to california and subsequently eaten raw as the vehicle of infection. | 1997 | 8968927 |
| isolation of vibrio cholerae o139 from the drinking water supply during an epidemic of cholera. | in mid-1994, the public water supply was investigated in a medium-sized town in south india during an epidemic of cholera due to vibrio cholerae o139. vibrio cholerae o139 was isolated from the public water supply including one of the wells supplying the town, the central overhead tank, and domestic taps connected to the public supply. following chlorination, the organism was no longer isolated from the water supply and the epidemic subsided. this demonstration of v. cholerae o139 in the drinkin ... | 1996 | 8980601 |
| an n-[(r)-(-)-2-hydroxypropionyl]-alpha-l-perosamine homopolymer constitutes the o polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide from vibrio cholerae o144 which has antigenic factor(s) in common with v. cholerae o76. | chemical and serological studies were performed with the lipopolysaccharide (lps) from vibrio cholerae o144 (o144). the lps of o144 contained d-glucose, d-galactose, l-glycero-d-manno-heptose, d-fructose, d-quinovosamine (2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-d-gluco-pyranose) and l-perosamine (4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-l-manno-pyranose). the perosamine, a major component sugar of the lps from o144, was in an l-configuration, as is also the case in the lps from v. cholerae o76 (o76), in contrast to the d-configuration ... | 1996 | 8981346 |
| purification of vibrio cholerae fur and estimation of its intracellular abundance by antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the vibrio cholerae fur gene was previously cloned and sequenced. a putative fur box was identified in the divergent promoters of irga, a virulence factor of v. cholerae, and irgb, a transcriptional activator of irga. in this work, v. cholerae fur was overexpressed in escherichia coli and purified to approximately 95% homogeneity. the purified protein bound a dna fragment containing the irga-irgb promoter in a gel shift assay. the purified protein was used to raise monoclonal and polyclonal anti ... | 1997 | 8982004 |
| identification, sequencing, and enzymatic activity of the erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase gene of vibrio cholerae. | we have identified a gene in vibrio cholerae (epd) which encodes an erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and is located immediately downstream of an iron-regulated virulence gene, irga, and immediately upstream of a gene encoding phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk). expression of epd in v. cholerae is not regulated by iron, nor is it required for virulence in an infant mouse model. | 1997 | 8982014 |
| [ultrastructural changes in the interstitial cells of the kidney medullary substance in suckling rabbits with experimental cholera]. | a culture of virulent selection of cholera vibrios l-top 5879 was introduced through the probe to suckling rabbits-pups 10 to 12 days old. ultrastructural changes of interstitial cells and capillaries of kidney medulla were studied. during vibrio adhesion (4 hrs after the inaction) interstitial cells acquire dystrophic changes, lipid granules content reduces, while vascular permeability grows higher which suggests the presence of prostaglandin precursors elimination into blood flow. cholera deve ... | 1996 | 8983487 |
| tcbs for the isolation of vibrio cholerae. | | 1996 | 8987412 |
| purification and characterization of n-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate deacetylase with activity against n-acetylglucosamine from vibrio cholerae non-o1. | an enzyme that deacetylates n-acetylglucosamine to glucosamine from vibrio cholerae non-o1 was purified to homogeneity by sequential procedures. the native enzyme had a molecular mass of 190,000 da and was predicted to be composed of four identical subunits with molecular masses of 45,000 da. the purified enzyme hydrolyzed n-acetylglucosamine, n-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate, and n-acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate, but not chitin oligosaccharides, and n-acetylgalactosamine. the deacetylase activity w ... | 1996 | 8987551 |
| cyclic amp and its receptor protein negatively regulate the coordinate expression of cholera toxin and toxin-coregulated pilus in vibrio cholerae. | insertion mutations in two vibrio cholerae genes, cya and crp, which encode adenylate cyclase and the cyclic amp (camp) receptor protein (crp), respectively, derepressed the expression of a chromosomal cholera toxin (ct) promoter-lacz fusion at the nonpermissive temperature of 37 degrees c. in the classical biotype strain o395, the crp mutation increased the production of both ct and toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) in vitro under a variety of growth conditions not normally permissive for their exp ... | 1997 | 8990197 |
| intestinal and systemic immune responses in humans after oral immunization with a bivalent b subunit-o1/o139 whole cell cholera vaccine. | there is a need for an effective vaccine that can protect against cholera caused by either vibrio cholerae o1 or by the new pandemic serotype o139 bengal. an oral bivalent b subunit-o1/o139 whole cell (b-o1/o139 wc) cholera vaccine has been prepared by adding formalin-killed o139 vibrios to the recently licensed oral recombinant b-o1 wc vaccine. when tested in swedish volunteers, this b-o1/o139 wc vaccine was found to be safe and immunogenic. two vaccine doses given 2 weeks apart induced statist ... | 1996 | 8994322 |
| antimicrobial resistance in organisms causing diarrheal disease. | antimicrobial resistance is becoming increasingly important in the treatment of enteric infections, particularly those due to shigella, vibrio cholerae, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (associated with traveler's diarrhea), and salmonella typhi. the rate of antimicrobial resistance is highest in the developing world, where the use of antimicrobial drugs is relatively unrestricted. of greatest immediate concern is the need for an effective, inexpensive antimicrobial that can be used safely as tr ... | 1997 | 8994788 |
| carbohydrate-mediated regulation of interaction of vibrio cholerae hemolysin with erythrocyte and phospholipid vesicle. | vibrio cholerae hemolysin is an extracellular pore-forming monomeric protein with a native molecular weight of about 60,000. in this study, we showed that the hemolysin interacted with immobilized phospholipids and cholesterol and formed oligomers in vesicles constituted from phospholipids alone with a stoichiometry identical to those produced in rabbit erythrocyte membrane. however, the hemolysin bound to glycoproteins with terminal beta1-galactosyl residues and an association constant of 9.4 x ... | 1997 | 8995242 |
| intramolecular chaperone activity of the pro-region of vibrio cholerae el tor cytolysin. | vibrio cholerae synthesizes a toxin named el tor cytolysin/hemolysin, which lyses erythrocytes and other mammalian cells. this toxin is encoded by the hlya gene and is synthesized as a precursor form, prepro-hlya. prepro-hlya consists of, from the amino terminus of this protein, a signal peptide, a pro-region, and a mature region. the pro-region is cleaved off extracellularly resulting in activation. to analyze the role of the pro-region, we substituted the native hlya gene with the pro-region-d ... | 1997 | 8995441 |
| [comparative study of the synthesis and specificity of enterotoxin from vibrio cholerae o139 serotype using monoclonal antibodies]. | strains of v. cholerae serovar 0139 showed a higher intensity of multiplication and lesser nutritive requirements and produced 2-5 times higher amounts of enterotoxin during in-depth culturing than cholera vibrios of groups o1 and non-o1. r-forms of v. cholerae were characterized by the highest production of toxin. dot-immunoanalysis and immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies demonstrated the identity of cholera toxin and enterotoxin of v. cholerae serovar o139. the authors come to a conclusi ... | 1996 | 8999316 |
| expression of sulfated gangliosides in the central nervous system. | several sulfated lipids were detected in the ganglioside fraction isolated from a cell line of oligodendrocyte progenitors that had been metabolically labeled with [35s] sulfate. separation of the ganglioside fraction by two-dimensional tlc showed that, except for galactosylceramide-sulfate, none of the sulfate-labeled lipids comigrated with those glycosphingolipids visualized by orcinol staining, indicating that these sulfolipids were quantitatively minor components. at least eight sulfate-labe ... | 1997 | 9003081 |
| characterization of the adaptive response to ionizing radiation induced by low doses of x-rays to vibrio cholerae cells. | pretreatment with sublethal doses of x-rays induced an adaptive response in vibrio cholerae cells as indicated by their greater resistance to the subsequent challenging doses of x-irradiation. the adaptive response was maximum following a pre-exposure dose of 1.7 gy x-rays and an optimum incubation period of 40 min at 37 degrees c. pre-exposure to a sublethal dose of 1.7 gy x-rays made the vibrio cholerae cells 3.38-fold more resistant to the subsequent challenge by x-rays. pretreatment with a s ... | 1996 | 9003538 |
| hyperglycemia during childhood diarrhea. | to determine the cause of hyperglycemia in childhood diarrhea. | 1997 | 9003850 |
| [mechanisms of resistance to quinolones and current level of sensitivity of clinically important microorganisms to ofloxacin]. | the data on the mechanisms of microbial resistance to fluoroquinolones are presented. comparison of the susceptibility levels of the microorganisms isolated on the territory of russia showed that among the gram-negative opportunistic isolates 84 per cent was susceptible to ofloxacin, 45 per cent to ampicillin/sulbactam, 70 per cent to cefotaxime, 80 per cent to ceftazidime, 85 per cent to amikacin and 62 per cent to gentamicin. among the salmonella, shigella and vibrio cholerae isolates no strai ... | 1996 | 9005782 |
| unexpected carbohydrate cross-binding by escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. recognition of human and rabbit target cell glycoconjugates in comparison with cholera toxin. | the bacterial protein enterotoxins, cholera toxin (ct) of vibrio cholerae and heat-labile toxin (lt) of escherichia coli, induce diarrhea by enhancing the secretory activity of the small intestine of man and rabbit (animal model). this physiological effect is mediated by toxin binding to a glycolipid receptor, the ganglioside gm1, gal beta 3galnac beta 4(neuac alpha 3)gal beta 4glc beta 1cer. however, lt, but not ct, was recently shown by us to bind also to paragloboside, gal beta 4glcnac beta 3 ... | 1996 | 9007276 |
| identification of neutralizing epitopes on pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase and effects of cross-reactions on other thermolysin-like proteases. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to a burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia 36-kda protease (pscp) which neutralize pscp and pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase but not p. aeruginosa alkaline protease have been isolated (c. kooi et al., infect. immun. 62:2811-2817, 1994). these mabs, designated 36-6-6 and 36-6-8, react with n-chlorosuccinimide cleavage products of p. aeruginosa elastase, consistent with the recognition of a 13.9-kda fragment which contains the active site. overlapping 9-mer peptides that s ... | 1997 | 9009299 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies to the non-membrane-damaging cytotoxin (nmdcy) purified from vibrio cholerae o26 and distribution of nmdcy among strains of vibrio cholerae and other enteric bacteria determined by monoclonal-polyclonal sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the distribution of a newly described secretogenic non-membrane-damaging cytotoxin (nmdcy) among strains of vibrio cholerae and other enteric bacteria was determined. to accomplish this, monoclonal antibodies against nmdcy were prepared and a sandwich monoclonal-polyclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed. by the sandwich elisa, it was determined that 55.6% of the 412 strains of v. cholerae examined produced nmdcy at varying concentrations while 76, 37.9, and 15.6% of the ... | 1997 | 9009346 |
| [isolation and incidence of vibrio cholerae from river water]. | the prevalence of vibrio cholerae contamination in river water derived from 20 sites of 18 rivers in kanagawa, japan, was investigated during a period from july to september, 1987, and from one of the 20 sites in august, 1988 and in february, 1989, v. cholerae non-o1 was found in all samples at concentrations of 0.9-->1,400 mpn/100 ml. higher amounts of the organism were observed in the samples from estuaries. v. cholerae o1 was detected in samples collected in august, 1988 and in february, 1989 ... | 1996 | 9011116 |
| [rapid detection of the hemolysin genes in aeromonas sobria by the polymerase chain reaction]. | the hemolysin of aeromonas sobria is one of the important virulence factors in this organism. rapid detection and identification test for a. sobria is important for early and specific diagnosis of this infectious disease. we evaluated the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the rapid detection of a. sobria. two pairs of synthetic oligonucleotide primers (asa1-s and a; aeraas-s and a) were used in pcr technique to detect the different hemolysin genes (asa1 and aeraas) in a. sobria. the pcr identi ... | 1996 | 9011120 |
| rapid and differential detection of two analogous enterotoxins of vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli by a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the principle of a novel elisa (nylon-slip immuno-test, nsit) was applied to the differential detection of two analogous enterotoxins, cholera toxin (ct) of vibrio cholerae and heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. the results obtained for ct and lt detection by a single test were sufficiently sensitive (87.9 and 100%) and specific (100 and 94.7%) in the differential detection test, when compared with the result of a colony hybridization test with dna probes. the resu ... | 1997 | 9012440 |
| tagging a vibrio cholerae el tor candidate vaccine strain by disruption of its hemagglutinin/protease gene using a novel reporter enzyme: clostridium thermocellum endoglucanase a. | the cela gene encoding clostridium thermocellum endoglucanase a was expressed in vibrio cholerae on its own promoter and used to tag a candidate el tor biotype cholera vaccine strain. colonies of the tagged strain could be unequivocally distinguished by overlaying them with cm-cellulose indicator agar and congo red staining. expression of cela did not affect growth of v. cholerae in vitro and in vivo. the cela gene was inserted in the chromosomal hap locus encoding v. cholerae hemagglutinin/prot ... | 1996 | 9014293 |
| oral vaccines against cholera: lessons from vietnam and elsewhere. | cholera epidemics, often involving new etiologic agents, are a major public health problem in developing countries. although two new types of oral cholera vaccines--inactivated whole vibrio cholerae o1 and attenuated strains of v cholerae o1--have been demonstrated to be safe, immunogenic, and effective, there has been a lag in their systematic use in areas with endemic and epidemic cholera. an open field trial conducted by trach et al of a locally manufactured killed oral cholera vaccine resu ... | 1997 | 9014902 |
| field trial of a locally produced, killed, oral cholera vaccine in vietnam. | several studies have shown that orally administered killed cholera vaccines are safe and protective in populations at risk of cholera in developing countries. however, these vaccines have not been adopted for use in developing countries because of their expense and limited efficacy in young children. we have tested an inexpensive, killed whole-cell cholera vaccine developed and produced in vietnam. | 1997 | 9014909 |
| epidemiology and transmission of v. cholerae o1 and v. cholerae o139 infections in delhi in 1993. | in 1993, rectal swabs from clinically suspected cases of cholera admitted to the infectious diseases hospital (idh), delhi were examined for vibrio cholerae o1 and o139. epidemiological data of 396 cholera cases were collected before the patients' discharge from idh. of the 1528 laboratory-confirmed cholera cases, 46% and 54% were caused by serotype o1 and o139 respectively. both serotypes appeared and disappeared simultaneously, and peaked during the same time of the year. however, the two sero ... | 1996 | 9019011 |
| vibrio cholerae o139 in the subcontinent. | | 1996 | 9019018 |
| colonial opacity variations among the choleragenic vibrios. | cultures of vibrio cholerae 01, biotype el tor, from the current epidemic of cholera in the western hemisphere, and of the new v. cholerae serogroup o139, from the current outbreak in india and bangladesh, revealed marked colonial heterogeneity when received by the authors. by comparison with reference colony types, using a stereoscope and transmitted oblique illumination, colonies of approximately 10 different degrees of opacity could be distinguished. in contrast, strains freshly isolated from ... | 1997 | 9025275 |
| an iron-regulated outer-membrane protein specific to bordetella bronchiseptica and homologous to ferric siderophore receptors. | the bfra (bordetella bronchiseptica ferric iron repressed outer-membrane protein) gene was cloned from bordetella bronchiseptica by screening a library of tnphoa insertion mutants for iron-repressed fusions to phoa. the bfra gene encoded an 80 kda outer-membrane protein with a high level of amino acid sequence identity to several bacterial proteins belonging to the family of ton b-dependent outer-membrane receptors. bfra was especially homologous to cir of escherichia coli, irga of vibrio choler ... | 1997 | 9025287 |
| phenotypic expression of a mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin by a vibrio cholerae o1 e1tor strain and evaluation of its role in intestinal adherence and colonization. | a vibrio cholerae o1 strain (1150) of the eit or biotype and ogawa serotype with haemagglutination (ha) activity was subjected to tnphoa mutagenesis. out of several mutants isolated, one ha- and another ha+ mutant were further characterised. the ha- mutant showed about 50% reduction in its intestinal adherence capacity in vitro and about 9-fold decrease of its colonisation ability in vivo, as compared to the wild-type strain. subsequent studies showed that the ha activity of strain 1150 was medi ... | 1996 | 9026451 |
| [150 years of discussions on the reservoir of the causative agent of cholera and the mechanisms of human infection]. | | 1996 | 9027160 |
| [the variability of the biological characteristics of vibrio cholerae isolated from environmental objects]. | the study of the biological characteristics used for the identification of the species, biovar and serovar of v.cholerae o1 isolated from environmental objects on the territory of 8 regions of ukraine for the period of 1974-1993 revealed the tendency towards an increase in the number of altered cultures. phage sensitivity (60.7%) and capacity for agglutination with cholera species- and type-specific sera (24.6%) proved to be the most variable properties. resistance to polymyxin (4.8%), the absen ... | 1996 | 9027168 |
| [a dna analysis of vibrio cholerae strains by the polymerase chain reaction]. | the method for the analysis of cholera toxin gene in v. cholerae strains was developed on the basis of polymerase chain reaction (pcr). this specific and highly sensitive method using primers affecting the site of the dna of the operon of cholera toxin gene made it possible to identify one copy of v. cholerae genome. for the first time the content of cholera toxin gene in 4 v. cholerae (eltor) strains, obtained from the clinical material of cholera patients in tajikistan and dagestan, was shown ... | 1996 | 9027173 |
| rapid identification of campylobacter jejuni strains by polymerase chain reaction & their restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique was developed for specific identification of c. jejuni. a primer pair of a conserved region of flagellin a (fla a) gene identified all 15 strains of c. jejuni isolated from human faeces. none of the control strains like helicobacter pylori, vibrio cholerae escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium except c. coli exhibited any amplified product by pcr. a predicted 450 bp could also be amplified from 4 chicken caecal contents positive for c. jejuni-c c ... | 1997 | 9029829 |
| biochemical analysis of a bladder-cancer-associated mucin: structural features and epitope characterization. | three monoclonal antibodies (mabs), m344, m300 and m75, were shown to define a unique tumour-associated antigen (taa) of superficial bladder tumours. the antigenic determinants are expressed on a very-high-molecular-mass component and, in about 50% of the positive samples, one determinant is also detected on a 62 kda molecular species, observed only under reducing conditions. the objectives of the present study were to characterize further this taa by analysing (1) the biochemical nature of the ... | 1997 | 9032480 |
| the rfad locus: a region of rearrangement in vibrio cholerae o139. | we analyzed the rfad locus of the novel epidemic vibrio cholerae strain o139, a putative region of rearrangement. this region includes 4 orfs in the same orientation. two orfs, rfad(o139) and orf2(o139) were almost identical to those described in v. cholerae o1. in contrast, the two other orfs upstream from rfad(o139), designated orfa(o139) and orfb(o139), were absent from v. cholerae o1, but present in environmental strains of v. cholerae o22, o141 and o155. these results suggest that a chromos ... | 1997 | 9034311 |
| purification and characterisation of a hemolysin with phospholipase c activity from vibrio cholerae o139. | a hemolysin was purified from a vibrio cholerae o139 strain which moved as a single protein band of 67 kda in sds-page. the hemolysin showed high level of phospholipase c activity. the purified phospholipase c-hemolysin demonstrated enterotoxic activity in rabbit ileal loop, suckling mice and enhanced permeability of rabbit skin. the pi of the purified hemolysin was 6.4. erythrocytes from rabbit, chicken, guinea pig, sheep and horse were sensitive to the purified hemolysin in decreasing order of ... | 1997 | 9037771 |
| activation of human matrix metalloproteinases by various bacterial proteinases. | matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are zinc-containing proteinases that participate in tissue remodeling under physiological and pathological conditions. to test the involvement of bacterial proteinases in tissue injury during bacterial infections, we investigated the activation potential of various bacterial proteinases against precursors of mmps (prommps) purified from human neutrophils (prommp-8 and -9) and from human fibrosarcoma cells (prommp-1). each prommp was subjected to treatment with a ... | 1997 | 9038230 |
| bile affects production of virulence factors and motility of vibrio cholerae. | the effect of bile on the expression of cholera toxin (ct) and the major subunit of the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpa) and on motility was examined in the vibrio cholerae o1 classical-biotype strains 0395 and 569b. although the motility of the cells increased significantly in the presence of bile, transcription of the ctxab genes, encoding ct, and of the tcpa gene was drastically reduced. in toxr mutant strains, motility is higher than in the wild-type strain and was further increased, by about ... | 1997 | 9038330 |
| the enterotoxic effect of zonula occludens toxin on rabbit small intestine involves the paracellular pathway. | zonula occludens toxin is a novel toxin elaborated by vibrio cholerae that modulates intestinal tight junctions. the aim of this study was to establish whether the permeabilizing effect of the toxin leads to intestinal secretion. | 1997 | 9041245 |
| emergence of a new clone of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor displacing v. cholerae o139 bengal in bangladesh. | the emergence of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal in 1993, its rapid spread in an epidemic form, in which it replaced existing strains of v. cholerae o1 during 1992 and 1993, and the subsequent reemergence of v. cholerae o1 of the el tor biotype in bangladesh since 1994 have raised questions regarding the origin of the reemerged el tor vibrios. we studied 50 el tor vibrio strains isolated in bangladesh and four other countries in asia and africa before the emergence of v. cholerae o139 and 32 strains ... | 1997 | 9041401 |
| cholera associated with acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis: a case report. | while cholera is not endemic in taiwan, the number of imported cases is increasing. we report a 59-year-old taiwanese male who developed severe diarrhea and vomiting, two days after returning from bali. the patient admitted drinking a beverage with ice purchased from a street vendor. on admission he was weak and dehydrated. the patient suffered from hypovolemic shock and acute renal failure. elevated creatine phosphokinase indicated rhabdomyolysis. fluid replacement with ringer's lactate solutio ... | 1996 | 9041770 |
| a branch in the toxr regulatory cascade of vibrio cholerae revealed by characterization of toxt mutant strains. | co-ordinate expression of genes associated with pathogenicity in vibrio cholerae requires two transcription activators, toxr and toxt. work carried out to date suggests that toxr activates transcription of the toxt gene and that toxt directly activates transcription of several genes whose products play a role in colonization or ct production by v. cholerae. previous work also suggests that toxr can directly activate transcription of the ct operon (ctxab) independently of toxt, thereby implying a ... | 1997 | 9044266 |
| [the cellular fatty acid composition of bacteria in the family vibrionaceae]. | it is shown that strains of vibrio cholerae of serovar o1, biovar eltor, subtype ogawa, museum strains v. cholerae of serovar o1 and nag-vibrios (isolated from various sources: sea, river and sewage water, canal water and people) possess identical composition of cell fatty acids with prevailing hexadecenoic, hexadecanoic and octadecenoic acids. being identical, fatty acid profiles of v. parahaemolyticus and v. alginolyticus, are close to that of v. cholerae differing from the latter mainly by th ... | 1996 | 9044701 |
| membrane attack induced by hlya, a pore-forming toxin of vibrio cholerae. | determining the activity of purified toxins has generally provided the basis for establishing their role in the host-pathogen relationship. the bacterial genus vibrio produces a number of exotoxins in addition to cholera toxin, including haemolysin a (hlya; vibrio cholerae) and thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh; vibrio parahaemolyticus), both of which possess membrane-targeting cytolytic activity. the action of hlya has been analyzed using protocols previously applied to tdh: lysis and flux ex ... | 1997 | 9051414 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of vibrio cholerae 01, isolated in the ukraine in 1994]. | one thousand and four hundred strains of v. cholerae 01 isolated in 1994 in the ukraine were studied with respect to their antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. the study showed that it was possible not only to estimate the present tendencies in and the regularities of the change in their character but also to presuppose the probable circulation and incidence of the microbe based on the differences in the susceptibility, frequency and resistance pattern of the strains of v. cholerae 01 isola ... | 1996 | 9054324 |
| [dynamics of changes in antibiotic sensitivity of vibrio cholerae 01, isolated from environmental objects]. | the analysis of the dynamics of the antibiotic susceptibility of 442 strains of v. cholerae 01 isolated within 1986-1994 from the environment showed that the susceptibility level was different. strains of v. cholerae 01 with high susceptibility to tetracyclines, erythromycin, gentamicin, rifampicin and cefazolin and with moderate susceptibility to monomycin, kanamycin, ampicillin, carbenicillin and levomycetin (chloramphenicol) were detected as well as the strains resistant to streptomycin and p ... | 1996 | 9054325 |
| multidrug resistance in vibrio cholerae. | | 1996 | 9057408 |
| epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic evaluation of the italian cholera epidemic in 1994. | in the period between 18 october and 4 december 1994, 12 indigenous cases of cholera were registered in the southern italian region of puglia, 10 of them were diagnosed in our departments of infectious diseases. all patients were infected by consumption of raw fish or mussels. the patients had an elevated mean age and most were affected with systemic pathologies. the clinical course was mild and rarely complicated, although frequently the characteristic riziform diarrhoea was absent. in all pati ... | 1997 | 9062786 |
| outer membrane translocation arrest of the tcpa pilin subunit in rfb mutants of vibrio cholerae o1 strain 569b. | the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) of vibrio cholerae is a type 4-related fimbrial adhesin and a useful model for the study of type 4 pilus biogenesis and related bacterial macromolecular transport pathways. transposon mutagenesis of the putative perosamine biosynthesis genes in the rfb operon of v. cholerae 569b eliminates lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-antigen biosynthesis but also leads to a specific defect in tcp export. localization of tcpa is made difficult by the hydrophobic nature of this bun ... | 1997 | 9068652 |
| oral vaccines for cholera control. | two oral cholera vaccines-inactivated wc/rbs and live cvd 103 hgr-have recently been marketed in europe. though the efficacy of the live vaccine is yet to be supported by field trials, the inactivated oral vaccine has shown encouraging results in field trails on different population groups. since the role of cholera vaccines-including oral vaccines-as a public health tool in epidemic situations is debatable and cholera immunization for travellers will result in a high cost-benefit ratio, endemic ... | 1997 | 9069701 |
| cloning and characterization of the exbb-exbd-tonb locus of pasteurella haemolytica a1. | a recombinant plasmid (pmg1) carrying pasteurella haemolytica a1 dna which complements a tonb mutation of escherichia coli has been isolated. e. coli tonb mete which carries pmg1 exhibits growth kinetics in the presence of vitamin b12 similar to that of the wild-type host. in addition, the complemented e. coli is susceptible to killing by bacteriophage phi 80 and colicin b. analysis of the nucleotide sequence in the complementing dna showed that it codes for three genes in the order of exbb-exbd ... | 1997 | 9074497 |
| arthrobacter ureafaciens sialidase isoenzymes, l, m1 and m2, cleave fucosyl gm1. | among bacterial, fungal and viral sialidases, the sialidase from arthrobacter ureafaciens has the unique property of cleaving sialic acids linked to the internal galactose of gangliotetraose. in this study, we examined the ability to cleave the internal sialic acids of gm1 and fucosyl gm1 of sialidases from several bacterial and fungal origins, including clostridium perfringens and vibrio cholerae. we found that a. ureafaciens sialidase could liberate the sialic acid of gm1 at the highest rate, ... | 1997 | 9076515 |