| incidence of vibrio cholerae o1 diarrhea in children at the onset of cholera epidemic in periurban lima, peru. | to determine the incidence of vibrio cholerae o1-associated diarrhea in children during the onset of the 1991 cholera epidemic in peru. | 1996 | 8724063 |
| nontoxigenic vibrio cholerae 01 serotype inaba biotype el tor associated with a cluster of cases of cholera in southern india. | thirteen strains of vibrio cholerae 01 belonging to the inaba serotype el tor biotype isolated from patients during an outbreak of cholera in the town of warangal in southern india were found to be nontoxigenic (nt), since they did not produce cholera toxin or hybridize with dna probes specific for cholera toxin, zot, or ace. the unheated and heated culture supernatants of the nt v. cholerae 01 evoked a rapid cell-rounding effect when introduced on confluent layers of cho and hela cells which co ... | 1996 | 8727886 |
| molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated during cholera outbreaks in guinea-bissau. | in the present study, 19 strains of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor isolated during outbreaks of cholera in guinea-bissau in 1987, 1994, and 1995 were characterized to investigate a possible epidemiological relationship among the isolates. on the basis of ribotyping with the restriction enzyme bgli, 5 strains isolated in 1987 showed two closely related ribotypes, while 14 strains isolated in 1994 and 1995 showed the same ribotype that was distinct from the ribotypes of strains isolated in 1987 ... | 1996 | 8727901 |
| demonstration of a lack of synergistic effect of rotavirus with other diarrheal pathogens on severity of diarrhea in children. | the severity of group a rotavirus (rv) diarrhea was compared with that of mixed infections of rv with diarrheagenic escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae o1, and shigella species by a scoring system. the severity of mixed infections of rv and e. coli was the same as that of infections with rv alone. rv infections mixed with v. cholerae and shigella species mimicked cholera and shigellosis, respectively. | 1996 | 8727937 |
| role of cell-associated n-acetyl-d-glucosamine specific haemagglutinin in the adhesion of vibrio cholerae o1 to rabbit intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. | previously a n-acetyl-d-glucosamine specific cell-associated haemagglutinin (ha) had been purified from a vibrio cholerae o1 strain. this study documents the role of this purified ha as an adhesin of v. cholerae o1. a significant inhibition in the adhesion of v. cholerae o1 bacterial cells to isolated rabbit intestinal brush borders (ribb) was observed when the latter were pretreated with purified ha in elisa. antibody raised against purified ha and fab (igg) fragment of this serum inhibited adh ... | 1996 | 8731017 |
| dna fingerprinting of vibrio cholerae strains with a novel insertion sequence element: a tool to identify epidemic strains. | a novel vibrio cholerae insertion sequence element, designated is1004, was characterized and used for dna fingerprinting of vibrio spp. is1004 comprises 628 bp and contains an open reading frame whose product shows a large degree of sequence identity with the is200-encoded transposase. is1004 was present in one to eight copies in most of the v. cholerae strains analyzed. the is1004-generated fingerprints of epidemic v. cholerae strains with serotype o1 were closely related, although it was possi ... | 1996 | 8735097 |
| first line immunochemotherapy with cisplatin-based protocol by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes in ovarian cancer: technique and results of 82 cases. | the aim of this study, initiated in 1982, was to determine the feasibility and the interest of a first-line immunochemotherapy delivered by intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intravenous (i.v.) routes combined in ovarian cancer. | 1996 | 8735760 |
| effects of dibutyryl camp and bacterial toxins on indoleamine-induced encystment of dinoflagellates. | dinoflagellates are the causative agents of red tides with worldwide occurrence and can be induced to encyst by in doleamines such as melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine (5-mot). this biological response may be mediated via indoleamine-binding proteins or receptors. here we report the initial characterization of the signal transduction mechanisms by which indoleamines induce encystment of dinoflagellates. in particular, we explored the possible involvement of g proteins and camp in cyst formation. ... | 1996 | 8739320 |
| mechanism and treatment of diarrhoea due to vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli: roles of drugs and prostaglandins. | the primary objectives of these studies were to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of the potential antisecretory and antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of diarrhoea due to vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec). the drugs evaluated were chlorpromazine (cpz), nicotinic acid, berberine, indomethacin, chloroquine, tetracycline, furazolidone, and bioflorin. additionally, the role of prostaglandins (pgs) in the pathogenesis of cholera diarrhoea has been studied. the dr ... | 1996 | 8741209 |
| purification of subunit b of shiga toxin using a synthetic trisaccharide-based affinity matrix. | the blood group p1 antigenic trisaccharide (3), which is the receptor-binding ligand of shiga-like toxins, is synthesized in a spacer-equipped form (32) from 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl glucoside 5 and the 1-thiogalactoside building blocks 10 and 22 in a stereocontrolled, stepwise fashion. covalent attachment of 32 to hydrazine group-containing agarose gel by reductive amination provided the p1 trisaccharide-containing affinity sorbent which was used for preparative scale isolation of subunit b of s ... | 1996 | 8741990 |
| estimation of single-strand breaks induced in the dried film of dna by high energy alpha particle from a cyclotron. | dna extracted and purified from vibrio cholerae ogawa 154 cells and prepared in the form of a dry thin film was exposed in air to a beam of alpha particles obtained from a variable energy cyclotron. the number of single-strand breaks per dna unit exhibited a linear dose-effect relationship indicating the occurrence of single-hit kinetics. the efficiency and yield of alpha-induced single-strand breaks were approximately 72 ev/break and 1.39 respectively. | 1996 | 8744831 |
| [cholera]. | cholera remains a great epidemic disease. the spread of the current pandemic due to vibrio cholerae o1, the discovery of a permanent aquatic reservoir due to dormant state of vibrio, the occurrence in 1992 of the new pathogenic serotype o139 in india, and increasing antibiotic resistance are clear demonstration that this old disease is far from conquered. clinical manifestations are due to the stimulation of enterocytic camp by vibrio's enterotoxin. treatment by appropriate early rehydration is ... | 1996 | 8746034 |
| atypical infection due to vibrio cholerae in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1995 | 8749654 |
| prevalence of vibrio cholerae and salmonella in a major shrimp production area in thailand. | in 1992 and 1993, a 7 months study carried out in a major shrimp-producing area in southern thailand to study the prevalence of vibrio cholerae and salmonella. a total of 158 samples were examined including water, sediment, shrimp, pelleted feed, shrimp gut, and chicken manure. salmonella was not recovered from any sample type studied. v. cholerae o1 was isolated from 2 (2%) and v. cholerae non-o1 was isolated from 35 (33%) of 107 samples examined. the occurrence of v. cholerae was not significa ... | 1995 | 8751094 |
| construction and characterization of a potential live oral carrier-based vaccine against vibrio cholerae o139. | the rfb region from vibrio cholerae o139 strain mo45 was cloned from cosmid gene banks established in escherichia coli hb101, using an immunoblot assay for screening of the correct clones. immunoblot analysis of lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations revealed the presence of two types of positive clones: (i) those expressing only a short core-linked o polysaccharide (sops) and (ii) those also expressing a highly polymerized capsular polysaccharide (cps) not bound to the e. coli k-12 lps core. in ... | 1996 | 8751900 |
| immune mechanisms and protective antigens of vibrio cholerae serogroup o139 as a basis for vaccine development. | we have characterized 11 isolates of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal with regard to properties deemed to be relevant for development of a vaccine against o139 cholera. for most strains two colony variants, a and b, which are nonhemolytic and hemolytic, respectively, were detected on blood agar. the a and b variants were associated with high- and low-level production of soluble hemagglutinin-protease, respectively. however, on luria-bertani agar both types formed opaque colonies, which has been shown ... | 1996 | 8751929 |
| differential expression of the toxr regulon in classical and e1 tor biotypes of vibrio cholerae is due to biotype-specific control over toxt expression. | the two major disease-causing biotypes of vibrio cholerae, classical and el tor, exhibit differences in their epidemic nature. their behavior in the laboratory also differs in that el tor strains produce two major virulence factors, cholera toxin (ct) and the toxin coregulated pilus (tcp), only under very restricted growth conditions, whereas classical strains do so in standard laboratory medium. expression of toxin and tcp is controlled by two activator proteins, toxr and toxt, that operate in ... | 1996 | 8755590 |
| mechanism of membrane damage by el tor hemolysin of vibrio cholerae o1. | el tor hemolysin (eth; molecular mass, 65 kda) derived from vibrio cholerae o1 spontaneously assembled oligomeric aggregates on the membranes of rabbit erythrocyte ghosts and liposomes. membrane-associated oligomers were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting into two to nine bands with apparent molecular masses of 170 to 350 kda. eth assembled oligomers on a liposomal membrane consisting of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol, but not on a membr ... | 1996 | 8757822 |
| purification and characterization of an extracellular secretogenic non-membrane-damaging cytotoxin produced by clinical strains of vibrio cholerae non-o1. | some clinical strains of vibrio cholerae non-o1 produce an extracellular factor that evokes a rapid and dramatic cytotoxic response which manifests as cell rounding of chinese hamster ovary (cho) and hela cells without accompanying membrane damage. this study was performed to establish the identity of the non-membrane-damaging cytotoxin (nmdcy), which was not inhibited by antitoxins against cholera toxin, heat-labile toxin of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, el tor hemolysin, shiga-like toxin i ... | 1996 | 8757840 |
| relative significance of mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin and toxin-coregulated pili in colonization of infant mice by vibrio cholerae el tor. | a previously described in-frame deletion in msha--the gene encoding the structural subunit of the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin pilus--has been introduced into the chromosome of three el tor o1 strains of vibrio cholerae. none of the deltamsha mutants showed significant attenuation or loss of colonization potential in the infant mouse cholera model. a second mutation, created by insertion of a kanamycin resistance cartridge into deltamsha, also failed to affect in vivo behavior. in contrast, s ... | 1996 | 8757877 |
| acute appendicitis secondary to non-0 group i vibrio cholerae. | acute appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical condition and is usually associated with colonic flora. the patient described had acute appendicitis associated with an uncommon microorganism. this report underscores the importance of obtaining an adequate occupational, travel, and dietary history. | 1996 | 8758879 |
| a putative integrase gene defines the distal end of a large cluster of toxr-regulated colonization genes in vibrio cholerae. | a large cluster of virulence genes encoding proteins involved in vibrio cholerae accessory colonization factor (acf) expression and toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) biogenesis is flanked by sequences that resemble bacteriophage attachment (att) half-sites. adjacent to the attl-like site is a gene (int) that encodes a protein related to the integrase family of site-specific recombinases. the putative vibrio integrase appears to be most closely related to the escherichia coli cryptic prophage (cp4-57 ... | 1996 | 8760931 |
| resurgence of cholera in hong kong. | cholera is one of the three diseases subject to the international health regulations. after a period of over 30 years, the seventh pandemic of cholera, which started in south east asia in 1961, still shows no sign of a decline. on the contrary, it has increased its severity and invaded many other countries in africa and latin america. in the last two years, there has been a recrudescence of the disease in south east asia and western pacific regions. the discovery of a new strain of vibrio choler ... | 1996 | 8760949 |
| comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotyping for subtyping of vibrio cholerae o139 isolated in thailand. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of cpo i-digested genomic dna and ribotyping (bgl i) were applied to 60 vibrio cholerae strains including 48 v. cholerae o139 from thailand to compare their value in differentiating strains of the present v. cholerae o139 epidemic. pfge patterns were divided into groups a and b representing five and four subtypes, respectively, while ribotyping showed four different patterns. pfge group b subtypes were only presented among o139 isolates from thailand, wher ... | 1996 | 8760950 |
| occurrence of culturable vibrio cholerae o139 with ctx gene in various components of the aquatic environment in bangladesh. | | 1996 | 8761569 |
| species and serovars of enteropathogenic agents associated with acute diarrheal disease in rosario, argentina. | we report the most frequent species and serovars of enteropathogenic organisms in rosario from 1985 to 1993. enteropathogenic escherichia coli was the most prevalent agent affecting 144/570 (25.2%) children; 0111 represented 41.8%, 055: 13.6%, 0119: 12.7%. among enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) the most frequent were etec-st 0128:h21 and 0153:h45. shigella spp were isolated in 8.8%; s. flexneri: 7%, principally type 2 (59.5%); s. sonnei: 1.6%, and s. dysenteriae type 2: 0.2%. campylobacter spp wer ... | 1996 | 8762632 |
| a new type of conjugative transposon encodes resistance to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and streptomycin in vibrio cholerae o139. | vibrio cholerae o139 is the first non-o1 serogroup of v. cholerae to give rise to epidemic cholera. apparently, this new serogroup arose from an el tor o1 strain of v cholerae, but v. cholerae o139 is distinguishable from v. cholerae el tor o1 by virtue of its novel antigenic structure and also its characteristic pattern of resistances to the antibiotics sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, streptomycin, and furazolidone. we found that the first three of these antibiotic resistances are carried on an ... | 1996 | 8763944 |
| synthesis of four glycosides of a disaccharide fragment representing the terminus of the o-polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype inaba, bearing aglycons suitable for linking to proteins. | methyl 4-azido-3-o-benzyl-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-d-mannopyranoside was converted into the crystalline 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 4-azido-2-o-benzoyl-3-o-benzyl-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-d-mannopyranoside. debenzoylation of the latter, followed by glycosylation of the resulting 2-hydroxy derivative with 2-o-acetyl-4-azido-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-d-mannopyranosyl chloride, gave the 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl glycoside of the corresponding disaccharide (8). deacetylation of 8, followed by reduction of the resulting 4-azido ... | 1996 | 8765728 |
| prevalence, antimicrobial properties and beta-lactamase production of haemolytic enterobacteria in patients with diarrhoea and urinary tract infections in legos, nigeria. | to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial properties and beta-lactamase production of haemolytic enterobacteria in patients with diarrhoea and urinary tract infections in lagos, nigeria. | 1996 | 8771935 |
| a simple filtration method to remove plankton-associated vibrio cholerae in raw water supplies in developing countries. | plankton to which cells of vibrio cholerae o1 and/or o139 were attached was introduced into 0.5% instant ocean microcosms maintained at 25 degrees c. the bulk of the plankton and associated particulates was removed with a filter constructed from either nylon net and one of several different types of sari material, the latter being very inexpensive and readily available in villages in bangladesh, where v. cholerae is endemic. v. cholerae was enumerated before and after filtration to evaluate the ... | 1996 | 8779590 |
| gangliosides protect human melanoma cells from ionizing radiation-induced clonogenic cell death. | with an experimental model of spontaneous lung metastases of melanoma developed in this laboratory, a range of sublines (variants and clones) with different metastatic potential and ganglioside expression was established from a single human melanoma cell line m4be. using an in vitro clonogenic assay and provided that cells were cultured for no more than five passages, variations in cellular radioresistance of m4be and seven sublines derived from m4be were detected. this study shows a positive co ... | 1996 | 8781968 |
| further molecular characterization and stability of the live oral attenuated cholera vaccine strain cvd103-hgr. | vibrio cholerae cvd103-hgr, the first live attenuated vaccine licensed for human use produced by recombinant dna technology, was genetically compared to its parent strains 569b and cvd103. the genetic stability for both lyophilized vaccine in final container form and for viable organisms shed from vaccinees was determined. results obtained lead us to conclude: (i) the genetic composition of the examined genes in cvd103-hgr is identical to that of the parent strains except for the alterations ind ... | 1996 | 8782351 |
| molecular insights into the evolution & epidemiology of vibrio cholerae. | the past few years have witnessed a resurgence in the global incidence of cholera. the increasing application of procedures employing concepts and techniques assimilated from molecular biology has provided new means of discriminating v. cholerae. such studies are providing a wealth of critical information that has assisted the epidemiologist in tracing the spread of epidemics and has provided new insights into the evolution and origin of newer variants of v. cholerae. in this article, an effort ... | 1996 | 8783503 |
| epidemiology & molecular biology of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal. | the emergence of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal as the second aetiologic agent of epidemic cholera in october 1992 in the south indian coastal city of madras has shattered the long-held notion that only v. cholerae belonging to serogroup o1 are capable of causing epidemic (and pandemic) cholera. within months of its appearance in madras, v. cholerae o139 engulfed the entire indian subcontinent in a series of outbreaks of cholera. it also spread to several neighbouring countries in asia. several wes ... | 1996 | 8783504 |
| mechanism of action of cholera toxin & other toxins. | vibrio cholerae produce a variety of extracellular products that have deleterious effects on eukaryotic cells. the massive diarrhoea produced by v. cholerae is caused by cholera toxin (ct). ct is composed of 1a and 5b units. ct causes a significant amount of fluid secretion and haemorrhage in the ligated rabbit ileal loops. its action involves the role of various biochemical pathways. ct acts by activation of adenylate cyclase-camp system located at the basolateral membrane of intestinal epithel ... | 1996 | 8783505 |
| adherence & colonization properties of vibrio cholerae & diarrhoeagenic escherichia coli. | bacterial adherence to host cells is the initial key step towards colonization and establishment of infection within the host. the adherence process requires the participation of two components: an 'adhesin' (adherence or colonization factor) of bacteria and a 'receptor' on the host (eucaryotic) cell surface. many bacteria express several distinct and alternative mechanisms of cell adherence depending on the environmental conditions and nature of the adhesins as well as receptors. bacteria causi ... | 1996 | 8783506 |
| strategies for production of a potential candidate vaccine for cholera. | first attempt at cholera vaccination was made by jaime ferran in 1884. since then, a variety of strategies and methods have been evolved to create a safe, efficacious vaccine against cholera. for the first few years emphasis was on the development of parenteral vaccines. however, as a result of accumulation of a tremendous amount of knowledge, not only on vibrio cholerae-the causative agent, but also on its interaction with the host, emphasis has shifted towards the development of oral vaccines. ... | 1996 | 8783508 |
| comparison of the sensitivity & specificity of a polyclonal versus monoclonal capture antibody based bead elisa for direct detection of cholera toxin from stool specimens. | this study was conducted to examine whether substitution of polyclonal anti-ct igg (pab) coated beads with monoclonal anti-ct igg, (mab) coated beads would enhance the sensitivity and specificity of the bead elisa for direct detection of ct in stool samples of cholera patients. sensitivity of mab bead elisa was found to be more efficient (92.7%) than the pab bead elisa (88.2%) in comparison to the 'gold standard' method of conventional culture method (cm). however, the mab based bead elisa had l ... | 1996 | 8783514 |
| comparative analysis of factors promoting optimal production of cholera toxin by vibrio cholerae o1 (classical & e1tor biotypes) & o139. | various culture media [aki, brain heart infusion broth (bhi), casamino acid-yeast extract broth (caye), casamino acid-yeast extract broth supplemented with 90 micrograms/ml of lincomycin (caye-l), tryptic soy broth (tsb) and yeast extract peptone (yep)], cultural conditions (stationary and shaking) and incubation temperatures (30 degrees c and 37 degrees c) were evaluated to determine optimal conditions for production of cholera toxin (ct) by different biotypes (classical and e1tor) and serogrou ... | 1996 | 8783515 |
| electron microscopic studies on vibrio cholerae o139. | we conducted studies to investigate the surface architecture of v. cholerae o139 using electron microscopy and compared it with o1 and other serogroups of v. cholerae. the bacterium is comma-shaped and has a single polar flagellum and morphologically resembles the classical and e1tor biotypes of v. cholerae o1. high power electron microscopy showed a few pili, 5 to 7 nm in diameter, and 2 to 3 in number per bacterium. the presence of a capsule on electron microscopy of ultrathin sections of v. c ... | 1996 | 8783516 |
| biological activity & interaction of vibrio cholerae bacteriophages in rabbit ileal loop. | a set of ten v. cholerae eitor phages is in routine use for phage typing of v. cholerae o1 biotype eitor strains. these phages were used in rabbit ileal loop experiment to investigate whether these phages have any prophylactic value as regards their lytic capability on v. cholerae strains. the phages were found to have no prophylactic use as they were unable to lyse the standard bacterial strain v. cholerae mak 757. | 1996 | 8783517 |
| association of metal tolerance with multiple antibiotic resistance of enteropathogenic organisms isolated from coastal region of deltaic sunderbans. | a survey of microorganisms was conducted in four coastal regions of the deltaic sunderbans. among ten different isolates, three were enteropathogenic. they were vibrio cholerae non-o1 (ct+), enterotoxinogenic escherichia coli (etec) and pseudomonas aeruginosa. these enteropathogens were able to grow in the presence of zinc (zn++), cadmium (cd++), lead (pb++), cobalt (co++), copper (cu++), nickel (ni++) and silver (ag+) up to 10 mm concentration. they also showed resistance against 5 to 10 antibi ... | 1996 | 8783519 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of potash alum. | this study reports the bactericidal activity of potash alum when added to water, against various epidemic causing enteric pathogens like vibrio cholerae 01, v. cholerae 0139 and shigella dysenteriae 1 by lowering the ph of water (from 6.0 to 4.0). growth of the enteric pathogens was monitored in vitro by inoculating broth cultures of the different organisms in distilled water containing increasing concentrations of potash alum and quantitatively determining the concentration of viable organisms ... | 1996 | 8783521 |
| phage specific for vibrio cholerae o139 bengal. | from the stool of a vibrio cholerae o139 bengal-infected patient, a phage that specifically lysed capsulated v. cholerae o139 strains only was isolated. the phage is useful for the confirmatory diagnosis of v. cholerae o139 infection and for the differentiation of variants that lack the capsule. | 1996 | 8784608 |
| vibrio cholerae 0139 diarrhea and acute renal failure in a three-day-old infant. | | 1995 | 8786900 |
| genetic organization and functional analysis of the otn dna essential for cell-wall polysaccharide synthesis in vibrio cholerae o139. | in 1992 a new vibrio cholerae strain, designated v. cholerae o139 bengal, emerged which has been responsible for large outbreaks of cholera in india and bangladesh. previously, we have shown that this strain arose from a v. cholerae o1 strain by the acquisition of novel dna. sequence analysis revealed that the novel dna is flanked by two genes, rfad and rfbqrs, which are also found in o1 strains. the mosaic structure of rfadvco139 indicated that it was one of the regions involved in recombinatio ... | 1996 | 8793876 |
| ecological relationship between aeromonas and vibrio spp. and planktonic copepods in the coastal marine environment in southern italy. | the colonisation of planktonic copepod integument by bacteria belonging to the family of vibrionaceae is a well described phenomenon. in this study, besides reporting on the occurrence of vibrionaceae and other enteropathogens, we further report on the bacterial attachment to the estuarine copepod acartia margalefi in a faecal polluted coastal lagoon near naples, southern italy. in addition, we also performed a laboratory experiment to study the ability of 7 bacterial strains (vibrio cholerae no ... | 1996 | 8800550 |
| nosocomial infection due to vibrio cholerae in two referral hospitals in guatemala. | we report nosocomial infection with vibrio cholerae 01, in four seriously ill individuals and one infant in guatemala. nosocomial cholera occurs in developing countries in latin america and should be suspected in hospitalized patients with diarrhea, especially during community outbreaks, in order to institute appropriate diagnostic, therapeutic, and control measures. | 1996 | 8805070 |
| crystal structure of a new heat-labile enterotoxin, lt-iib. | cholera toxin from vibrio cholerae and the type i heat-labile enterotoxins (lt-is) from escherichia coli are oligomeric proteins with ab5 structures. the type ii heat-labile enterotoxins (lt-iis) from e. coli are structurally similar to, but antigenically distinct from, the type i enterotoxins. the a subunits of type i and type ii enterotoxins are homologous and activate adenylate cyclase by adp-ribosylation of a g protein subunit, g8 alpha. however, the b subunits of type i and type ii enteroto ... | 1996 | 8805549 |
| structural analysis of the lipopolysaccharide from vibrio cholerae o139. | the lipopolysaccharide (lps) from vibrio cholerae o139 was deacylated with koh. the following structure of the oligosaccharide resulting from this treatment was established on the basis of monosaccharide and methylation analyses, 1h, 13c and 31p 1d and 2d nmr experiments and 1d analogues of 3d noesy-tocsy and 3d tocsy-noesy experiments. [formula: see text] 'c' is a beta-l-threo-hex-4-enuronopyranosyl residue. hep is l-glycero-d-manno-heptose, quin is 2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-d-glucose, glcn is 2-amin ... | 1996 | 8805781 |
| structural analysis of the o-antigen-core region of the lipopolysaccharide from vibrio cholerae o139. | | 1996 | 8805782 |
| development of an improved synthetic medium for a better production of the new cholera toxin and its immunological relationship with the toxin produced by vibrio cholerae o139 strains. | an improved synthetic medium (m4) comprising syncase medium supplemented with sodium chloride (1%) and sucrose (0.5%) ph adjusted to 7.4 was developed for a better production of the new cholera toxin (nct). the culture filtrates prepared in the m4 medium caused significantly (p > 0.05) more fluid accumulation than that in syncase medium. crude toxin, prepared in the m4 medium with v. cholerae o1 strains (x-392 and 2740-80) caused a reaction similar to that of the same amount of nct (32 microgram ... | 1996 | 8809541 |
| helicobacter pylori does not have a hap mucinase gene that is quasi-identical to the vibrio cholerae hap gene. | | 1996 | 8809763 |
| simple differentiation of vibrio cholerae o139 from v. cholerae o1 and non-o1, non-o139 by modified camp test. | strong positive camp reactions were demonstrated by 121 vibrio cholerae o139 and 504 el tor isolates, and weak positive camp reactions were shown by 235 non-o1, non o139 isolates when these isolates were tested by a modified camp technique. thirty-five classical biotype v. cholerae o1 isolates included in the tests were all camp negative. | 1996 | 8815080 |
| vitek system antimicrobial susceptibility testing of o1, o139, and non-o1 vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae causes epidemic diarrhea throughout the world. fluid replacement is the primary therapy for cholera; however, high mortality rates often necessitate the use of antibiotics. v. cholerae, like most bacteria, has developed resistance to some antibiotics. in the early 1990s a new serotype strain, bengal 0139, began a new wave of cholera epidemics. bengal isolates showed unique trends in antimicrobial resistance. many clinical laboratories use automated antibiotic susceptibility testi ... | 1996 | 8815104 |
| [survival of different strains of vibrio cholerae on fresh lettuce]. | temperature effect on the survival of vibrio cholerae in fresh lettuce was studied. remaining infectivity in leaves experimentally contaminated with different strains of vibrio cholerae was determined at 4 degrees c and 25 degrees c. the number of colonies in tcbs agar (vibrio cholerae) and in nutrient agar (vibrio cholerae and secondary microorganisms) was determined at to (initial time) and at ti (different post-contamination times). the ratio ti/to was calculated in both cases. different surv ... | 1996 | 8815457 |
| use of recombinase gene fusions to identify vibrio cholerae genes induced during infection. | a complete understanding of host-parasite interactions must necessarily include the identification and characterization of gene products expressed by both parties during the infectious process. we have developed a new screen to identify bacterial genes that are transcriptionally induced during infection of a host animal. the method is based on pre-selection of strains carrying tnpr operon fusions (encoding resolvase, a site-specific dna recombinase) which are not expressed in vitro, followed by ... | 1995 | 8817490 |
| characterization of vibrio cholerae bacteriophage k139 and use of a novel mini-transposon to identify a phage-encoded virulence factor. | temperate bacteriophage k139 was isolated from a vibrio cholerae o139 isolate and characterized in this study. the phage genome consists of a 35 kbp, double-stranded, linear dna molecule that circularizes and integrates into the chromosome in a site-specific manner. dna sequences that cross-hybridize with k139 phage dna are present in all strains of v. cholerae serogroup o1 of the classical biotype examined and in some strains of the el tor biotype. phage k139 produces plaques on el tor o1 strai ... | 1995 | 8817491 |
| mucosal immune responses to intestinal bacterial pathogens. | current advances in the study of gut mucosal immunology and molecular biology have enhanced our ability to understand the pathogenesis of enteric bacterial infections as well as the role of the immune system in mediating both tissue injury and protection. in this article, we review the immunopathogenesis and the protective immune response to three enteric pathogens, vibrio cholerae, shigella, and salmonella. each of these pathogens has a distinctive mechanism by which it causes disease, ie, epit ... | 1996 | 8817767 |
| further studies on biochemical characteristics and serologic properties of the genus aeromonas. | we characterized a collection of 268 aeromonas isolates from diverse sources (clinical, animal, and environmental sources) for their species and serogroup designations. overall, 97% of these strains could be identified to the genomospecies level by using an expanded battery of biochemical tests. members of the aeromonas hydrophila complex (a. hydrophila, hg2, and a. salmonicida), a group that has previously been difficult to separate biochemically, could easily be distinguished from one another ... | 1996 | 8818884 |
| cloning and sequence of a region encoding a surface polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o139 and characterization of the insertion site in the chromosome of vibrio cholerae o1. | vibrio cholerae serogroup o139 bengal is the first documented serogroup other than o1 to cause epidemic cholera. the o139 bengal strains are very similar to v. cholerae serogroup o1 biotype el tor strains. the major differences between the two serogroups are that o139 bengal contains a distinct o antigen and produces a polysaccharide capsule. we previously described three tnphoa mutants of o139 strain ai1837 which abolish both o antigen and capsule production. these tnphoa insertions were mapped ... | 1996 | 8820651 |
| [basic and clinical studies of pazufloxacin on infectious enteritis research group of t-3761 on infectious enteritis]. | a clinical study was carried out on pazufloxacin (pzfx) in 137 patients including shigellosis, salmonella enteritis, enteropathogenic esherichia coli enteritis and cholera, and carriers of these pathogens. antibacterial activity of pzfx against clinical isolates, fecal concentration of pzfx and effects of pzfx on fecal microflora were also investigated. the overall clinical efficacy rate was 97.2%. the bacteriological efficacy rates were 98.2% against shigella spp., 81.8% against salmonella spp. ... | 1996 | 8822054 |
| mutation and mutagenesis of thiol peroxidase of escherichia coli and a new type of thiol peroxidase family. | a novel thioredoxin-linked thiol peroxidase (px) from escherichia coli has been reported previously (m. k. cha, h. k. kim, and i. h. kim, j. biol. chem. 270:28635-28641, 1995). in an attempt to perform physiological and biochemical characterizations of the thiol px, a thiol px null (tpx) mutant and a functional-residue mutant of thiol px were produced. the tpx mutant was viable in aerobic culture but grew more slowly than the wild-type cells. the difference in growth rate became more pronounced ... | 1996 | 8824604 |
| the cdw65 monoclonal antibodies vim-8 and vim-11 bind to the neutral glycolipid v3fucnlc8cer. | at the ivth and vth workshop on human leukocyte differentiation antigens a group of monoclonal antibodies recognizing myeloid cells was found to bind to the ganglioside x3-neuacvii3fucnlc10cer (vim-2 dodecasaccharide). these antibodies were given the provisional cluster of differentiation designation cdw65. three antibodies of this cluster (vim-2, vim-8, and vim-11) have now been studied in detail at the molecular and the cellular level. binding of vim-2 is abolished after treatment of cells wit ... | 1996 | 8830039 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity to epidemic strains of vibrio cholerae and shigella dysenteriae 1 isolated in rwandan refugee camps in zaire]. | multiresistance or epidemic enteric bacteria to antibiotics greatly complicates treatment, and in some cases prophylaxis, of severe invasive gastroenteritis. during the summer of 1994, two epidemics of diarrhea, one due to vibrio cholerae and the other to shigella dysenteriae 1 isolated from the goma and bukavu camps was determined by measurement of the agar minimal inhibitory concentration. multiresistance to tetracyclins, aminopenicillins, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, and nifuroxazide was obs ... | 1995 | 8830219 |
| expression of shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide in vibrio cholerae. | making use of a newly designed mobilizable suicide vector, the genetic determinants encoding shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide (lps) were stably integrated into the chromosome of the live attenuated vibrio cholerae vaccine strain cvd103-hgr. expression studies showed that the production of complete s. sonnei o-polysaccharide (o-ps)-bearing lps was limited in bivalent recombinant strains that were also proficient in the synthesis of the host-encoded inaba o-ps. conversely, high amounts of lps ca ... | 1996 | 8830276 |
| prescribing pattern by doctors for acute diarrhoea in children in delhi, india. | parents (mostly mothers) of 264 children aged less than 5 years with acute watery diarrhoea were interviewed about their treatment profile before hospitalization in delhi, india in 1993. only 22% of the cases were given prescriptions for oral rehydration solutions (ors), whereas a very high proportion (64%) of them were given drugs, including antibiotics and antidiarrhoeals and 40% were given intravenous fluids. the differences among the treatment groups were highly significant. the government a ... | 1995 | 8838825 |
| synthesis of the methyl alpha-glycosides of a di-, tri-, and a tetra-saccharide fragment mimicking the terminus of the o-polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype ogawa. | methyl 4-(3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronamido)-4,6-dideoxy-2-o-methyl-alpha-d- mannopyranoside was acetylated, and the fully protected methyl glycoside was treated with dichloromethyl methyl ether-zncl2 (dcmme-zncl2) reagent to give 3-o-acetyl-4-(2,4-di-o-acetyl-3- deoxy-l-glycero-tetronamido)-4,6-dideoxy-2-o-methyl-alpha-d-mannop yranosyl chloride (3). condensation of 3 with methyl 3-o-acetyl-4-(2,4-di-o-acetyl-3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronamido)-4,6- dideoxy-alpha-d-mannopyranoside (4) gave the fully ace ... | 1996 | 8839176 |
| [origin of the pathogenic vibrios in the environment: inference from the studies on the molecular genetics of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus]. | | 1996 | 8840813 |
| vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease (ha/protease) causes morphological changes in cultured epithelial cells and perturbs their paracellular barrier function. | in this report, we describe the cytotoxic activity of the cholera hemagglutinin/protease (ha/protease). a concentrated protein sample from the 37 degrees c overnight culture supernatant of cvd110, a delta ctxa, delta zot, delta ace and hlya::(ctxb mer) mutant of el tor biotype ogawa serotype strain e7946 caused morphological changes in cultured mdck-i epithelial cells and altered their arrangement of filamentous actin (f-actin) and zonula occludens-associated protein zo-1. the drastic morphologi ... | 1996 | 8844654 |
| in vitro growth of vibrio cholerae in cholera stool fluid leads to differential expression of virulence factors. | we report on the physiological response of vibrio cholerae upon growth on bacteria-free intestinal fluids prepared from feces of individuals in the acute phase of cholera. sterilized stool fluids supported growth of v. cholerae to reach 0.3-0.4 o.d. units (600 nm) at 37 degrees c. scanning electron microscopy showed vibrios to be slender and elongated as compared to bacteria in synthetic media. growth in stool fluid apparently induced expression of several immunoreactive proteins using cholera c ... | 1995 | 8845658 |
| [the first case of vibrio cholerae 0139 in denmark]. | we report the first case of v. cholerae o139 in denmark. in 1994, a 61-year-old vietnamese woman was admitted to aalborg hospital, denmark due to severe diarrhoea. the diagnosis was confirmed by biochemical characterization and agglutination in o139 antiserum of a strain isolated from a stool specimen. the woman had stayed in denmark after family reunion for nine months and had not travelled outside the country. she had not eaten any foods imported from southeast asia. the v. cholerae o139 isola ... | 1996 | 8848850 |
| [water disinfection: comparative activities of ozone and chlorine on a wide spectrum of bacteria]. | ozone and chlorine are agents that disinfect by destroying, neutralizing or inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. the treatment of drinking water with ozone has shown to be more efficient against spores of bacillus subtilis. it was observed that the ozone already in dose of 0.35 mg/l produced the reduction of at least 5 log in populations of approximately 1 x 10(6) cells/ml of escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, salmonella typhi, yersinia enterocolitica, pseudomonas aeruginosa, aero ... | 1995 | 8850129 |
| [determination of bactericidal antibodies directed against vibrio cholerae in an adult population in montevideo]. | uruguay is the only latinoamerican country that remains free of cholera. thus, to obtain a baseline for future diagnosis vibriocidal antibodies were investigated in 100 sera from blood donors serogroup "o". the reaction was carried out in microplates with live antigen ogawa vc 12. in 95% of sera, titers were below 160, suggesting a high degree of susceptibility to v. cholerae in the population. | 1995 | 8850130 |
| [isolation of vibrio cholerae in imported frozen seafood and their cholera-enterotoxin production]. | a survey study for vibrio cholerae in imported seafood was conducted during january 1991 to december 1994. a total of 7,439 specimens (approximately 20% of all imported food) were randomly picked up and examined for contamination of v. cholerae. among these, v. cholerae o1 were isolated from 9 specimens, but they were all cholerae enterotoxin (ct)-negative. in terms of v. cholerae non-o1, a total of 2,803 specimens (37.4%) were contaminated with this vibrio. shrimp, especially the ones still in ... | 1996 | 8851390 |
| non-o:1 vibrio cholerae bacteremia and peritonitis in a patient with nephrotic syndrome. | | 1996 | 8852924 |
| detection of viable vibrio cholerae by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). | the use of conventional pcr can amplify target dna from both viable and nonviable cells of vibrio cholera. detection of only viable microbial pathogens in biological samples, especially clinical and food samples, is usually desired to ensure positive test results are associated with active agents, and not the remains of dead cells. positive identifications caused by nonliving causative agents may lead to misguided decisions concerning the effectiveness of treatment, and whether patient treatment ... | 1996 | 8853011 |
| factors influencing the stability of live oral attenuated bacterial vaccines. | live oral attenuated vaccines against typhoid fever (salmonella typhi ty21a) and cholera (vibrio cholerae cvd 103-hgr) have been licensed for human use. vaccine potency is dependent upon each dose containing a minimum number of viable organisms and galenic parameters. to ensure long-term stability, such vaccines must be stored at 5 degrees c +/- 3 degrees c. however, exposure to ambient temperatures (25 degrees c) for short periods of time (< 7 days) does not compromise vaccine potency. brief ex ... | 1996 | 8854028 |
| genetic manipulation of vibrio cholerae for vaccine development: construction of live attenuated el tor candidate vaccine strains. | the recent spread of el tor cholera to america augments the need for an effective, safe and economical vaccine. in the present paper we describe the construction of live attenuated v. cholerae strains by specifically deleting the genes encoding cholera toxin and other putative toxins from the bacterial chromosome. to maximize the likelihood of exposing protective antigens relevant to currently circulating vibrios we selected for genetic manipulation recent epidemic v. cholerae isolates from peru ... | 1996 | 8854382 |
| oral rehydration therapy. | oral rehydration solution (ors), the best treatment of dehydration due to acute diarrhea, is the most important medical advance of this century since it is key to reducing infant and child morbidity and mortality. pathogens responsible for acute diarrhea include those which produce enterotoxin at the intestinal mucosal surface, inducing secretion but are not invasive (e.g., vibrio cholerae); those which invade and disrupt the mucosal lining (e.g., shigella species); and rotavirus. the world he ... | 1996 | 8855579 |
| vibrio cholerae 01 isolated in the gallbladder of a patient presenting with cholecystitis. | cholera is a topical infection of the intestinal tract and rarely causes extraintestinal disease. the gallbladder has been proposed to be the reservoir of this organism. we present a patient from bolivia who developed symptoms of acute cholecystitis and whose bile culture grew vibrio cholerae 01 el tor. | 1996 | 8855762 |
| hlya hemolysin of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype e1 tor. identification of the hemolytic complex and evidence for the formation of anion-selective ion-permeable channels. | hemolysin (hlya) was concentrated from supernatants of different vibrio cholerae o1 biotype e1 tor strains by ammonium sulfate precipitation. the concentration of the toxin in the supernatants and in the precipitates was quantified using its hemolytic activity. the toxin formed a high molecular-mass band (about 220 kda) on sds/page while the toxin monomer had a molecular mass of 60 kda when it was heated. the addition of the e1 tor hemolysin oligomers, but not that of the monomers, to the aqueou ... | 1996 | 8856066 |
| activation of bradykinin generating cascade by vibrio cholerae protease. | | 1996 | 8856191 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 meningitis in an immunosuppressed child. | | 1996 | 8858687 |
| genetic footprint on the toxr-binding site in the promoter for cholera toxin. | the transmembrane dna-binding protein, toxr, of vibrio cholerae is a global transcriptional regulator of virulence gene expression. toxr has been shown to interact with promoter regions upstream of both the ctxab operon encoding cholera toxin, and the regulatory gene toxt. deletion analysis has shown that a repeated sequence, ttttgat, is required for toxr binding and activation of the ctxab promoter. however, this sequence is not found upstream of the toxt promoter. genetic selections using p22 ... | 1996 | 8861218 |
| an imported cholera case infected with both o139 synonym bengal and o1 vibrio cholerae in japan. | | 1995 | 8861860 |
| overlaps and parallels in the regulation of intrinsic multiple-antibiotic resistance in escherichia coli. | chromosomally encoded systems present in a variety of bacteria appear to play a central role in determining the intrinsic level of resistance to many commonly used antibiotics. work with the gram-negative bacterium escherichia coli has shown that there is significant similarity at the amino acid sequence level among the structural components of these resistance systems as well as among their genetic regulators. this review describes two of the better-studied regulatory systems, marrab and soxrs, ... | 1996 | 8866468 |
| detection of immunoglobulins on bacterial surface by laser flow cytometry: analysis between haemophilus influenzae type b and vibrio cholerae o1 of healthy mother-full term newborn sera. | the identification of human igg immunoglobulins on the surface of vibrio cholerae o1, and haemophilus influenzae type b microorganisms was assessed via a flow cytometric technique. a group of 31 healthy mother-full term newborn duo sera from a non-endemic cholera area was assayed. the sera of mothers and full-term newborns against both microorganisms were compared. the mean fluorescent intensity of the samples was not different at the 0.05 significance level by paired t-test. on the other hand, ... | 1996 | 8867370 |
| virulence-associated characteristics and phage lysogenicity of two morphologically distinct colonies of vibrio cholerae o139 serogroup. | the presence of a temperate phage was demonstrated in a strain of vibrio cholerae o139 isolated from a patient. spontaneous variants with translucent colonies had lost this phage. the loss of the phage was associated with increased hydrophobicity, indicating the loss of the capsule. these clones were sensitive to serum bactericidal activity, showed decreased expression of such presumed virulence factors as proteases, motility and mannose-sensitive pili. furthermore, excision of the phage made th ... | 1996 | 8869501 |
| resuscitation of vibrio cholerae o1 strain tsi-4 from a viable but nonculturable state by heat shock. | vibrio cholerae strain tsi-4 was incubated in an m9 salt solution at 15 degrees c for more than 100 days. the plate counts showed no viable cells on day 30, but a broth culture from that day showed the growth of bacteria. however, after 35 days the bacteria entered the nonculturable state, based on the assessment of both the plate counts and broth culture. a portion of the culture was heated at 45 degrees c for 1 min in a water bath and subsequently plated onto a nutrient agar plate. more than 1 ... | 1996 | 8869503 |
| unusual occurrence of cholera in delhi during january 1994: epidemiological investigations. | hundreds of laboratory-confirmed cholera cases occur every year in delhi. however from 1965 through 1993, no cases of cholera nor carriers of vibrio cholerae have been detected in the months january and february of all these years. nevertheless, two cases occurred in january 1994. both were children who acquired their infection locally. six hundred fifty-eight rectal swabs collected from possible contacts were negative for v. cholerae. the next isolations could be made only in april, which is th ... | 1996 | 8870404 |
| lysophospholipase l2 of vibrio cholerae o1 affects cholera toxin production. | the implication in cholera toxin (ct) production of the newly identified gene, lypa, that encodes the lysophospholipase l2 of vibrio cholerae, was investigated. introduction of lypa into the v. cholerae o1 mutant (nf404), which has a tn5-insertion in lypa and has lost ct as well as haemolysin production, restored the lysophospholipase activity and ct production but not the haemolytic activity. inactivation of the lypa gene of the wild-type strain by chromosomal integration of a plasmid containin ... | 1996 | 8871110 |
| emerging foodborne pathogens: escherichia coli o157:h7 as a model of entry of a new pathogen into the food supply of the developed world. | there would appear to be little argument that the large outbreaks of e. coli o157:h7 which have occurred since the early 1980s represent a distinct, new phenomenon. the number of reported cases have increased dramatically, starting from zero in 1981; however, it is also clear that this increase in reported cases is in part an artifact of improved surveillance and reporting. available data suggest that e. coli o157:h7 infections were present prior to 1982, although numbers appear to have been sma ... | 1996 | 8877329 |
| thomsen-friedenreich-related carbohydrate antigens in normal adult human tissues: a systematic and comparative study. | a broad variety of normal human tissues were examined for the expression of thomsen-friedenreich (tf)-related histo-blood group antigens, tf (gal beta 1-3galnac alpha 1-r), tn (tf precursor, galnac alpha 1-r), sialosyl-tn (neuac alpha 2-6galnac alpha 1-r), considered to be useful in cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy, and sialosyl-tf, the cryptic form of tf. these antigens or, more correctly, glycotopes, were determined by immunohistochemistry with at least two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) each ... | 1996 | 8877380 |
| cloning and detection of the hemolysin gene of vibrio anguillarum. | a 5 kb dna fragment encoding a hemolysin was cloned from the fish pathogenic bacterium vibrio anguillarum using the cosmid vector charomid9-36. an open reading frame of the hemolysin gene (vah1) was 2253 bp and corresponded to a protein of 751 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequence of the vah1 gene and the previously reported vibrio cholerae ei tor hemolysin, v. vulnificus cytolysin-hemolysin, aeromonas hydrophila ahh1 hemolysin, and a. salmonicida ash4 hemolysin showed a significa ... | 1996 | 8878014 |
| electrophoretic mobility and immune response of outer membrane proteins of vibrio cholerae o139. | the outer membrane (om) protein components of a vibrio cholerae o1 and four v. cholerae o139 strains, collected from cholera patients, were analysed by sds-page. a protein of 69 kda molecular mass was observed only when the omps were prepared from strains grown in synthetic broth. as a result of passage in the rabbit ileal loop (ril), virulence was enhanced, and a protein component around 18 kda of the v. cholerae o139 om became the major protein component. on immunoblot analysis with rabbit ant ... | 1996 | 8880140 |
| survival of vibrio cholerae o1 on plastic materials. | survival of environmental and clinical strains of vibrio cholerae o1 was studied on glass and on two varieties of plastic materials. v. cholerae survived at least 2 days on glass, but was not recovered from polystyrene spoons after 15-20 min. escherichia coli survived for at least 2 days on both glass slides and plastic spoons. extracts, 10 and 50% (w/v) of ground plastic spoons in isotonic saline water, inactivated 10(4) vibrios in less than 2 h. isotonic saline water rinses from polyethylene b ... | 1996 | 8880308 |
| temporal shifts in traits of vibrio cholerae strains isolated from hospitalized patients in calcutta: a 3-year (1993 to 1995) analysis. | this study presents results of a surveillance on cholera conducted with hospitalized patients admitted to the infectious diseases hospital, calcutta, india, from january 1993 to december 1995. the o139 serogroup of vibrio cholerae dominated in 1993 but was replaced by o1 as the dominant serogroup in 1994 and 1995. the isolation rate of v. cholerae non-o1 non-o139 did not exceed 4.9% throughout the study period, while the isolation rate of the o139 serogroup in 1994 and 1995 was below 9%. no temp ... | 1996 | 8880516 |
| clinical features, antimicrobial susceptibility and toxin production in vibrio cholerae o139 infection: comparison with v. cholerae o1 infection. | we prospectively compared the clinical features of cholera due to vibrio cholerae o1 and v. cholerae o139 in 242 men 18-60 years of age, with a history of diarrhoea of 24 h or less, and moderate or severe dehydration. the antimicrobial susceptibility of all of the v. cholerae strains isolated from these patients was determined, and in vitro cholera toxin production determined for 68 isolates. on admission, the 110 patients infected with v. cholerae o1 significantly more often had body temperatur ... | 1996 | 8882188 |
| motility mutants of vibrio cholerae o1 have reduced adherence in vitro to human small intestinal epithelial cells as demonstrated by elisa. | vibrio cholerae must colonize the human small intestine to cause diarrhoeal disease. v.cholerae strains n16961 (ei tor, inaba) and 395 (classical, ogawa) adhered to the epithelial cell surface and the mucus layer of isolated human small intestinal epithelial cells. they adhered specifically to the mucosa and apical membrane in thin sections of small intestine. no binding to the basolateral membrane of dissected epithelial tissue or to intracellular components of the epithelial cells was observed ... | 1996 | 8885392 |