| first report of iliacus abscess caused by salmonella enterica serovar othmarschen. | the non-typhoidal bacterium salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar othmarschen (salmonella othmarschen) is a rare human pathogen. abscess formation due to non-typhoidal salmonella infections is a very rare complication in this antibiotic era. we report the first case of iliacus abscess after a short period of gastroenteritis which was caused by non-typhoidal salmonella enterica belonging to group c1, serovar othmarschen in a patient without any underlying conditions. a young female pres ... | 2016 | 26482919 |
| draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar mishmarhaemek isolated from bovine feces. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar mishmarhaemek is a gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium implicated in human clinical disease. here, we report a 4.8-mbp draft genome sequence of a nalidixic acid-resistant isolate of s. serovar mishmarhaemek. | 2015 | 26472847 |
| salmonella weltevreden food poisoning in a tea garden of assam: an outbreak investigation. | salmonella enterica serovar weltevreden has been a rare cause of acute gastroenteritis occurring worldwide. here, we report an outbreak of food poisoning in a tea garden. | 2015 | 26470955 |
| population dynamics analysis of ciprofloxacin-persistent s. typhimurium cells in a mouse model for salmonella diarrhea. | in vivo, antibiotics are often surprisingly inefficient at eliminating bacterial pathogens. in the case of ciprofloxacin therapy in a salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium, s. tm) mouse infection model, this has been traced to tolerant bacterial cells surviving in lymph node monocytes (i.e., classical dendritic cells). to analyze the growth characteristics of these persisters, we have developed a population dynamics approach using mixtures of wild-type isogenic tag ... | 2016 | 26468110 |
| typhoid fever cases in the u.s. military. | salmonella enterica, serovar typhi (s. typhi), a causative agent of enteric fever (typhoid fever), predominately affects populations in developing regions with poor access to clean food and water. in addition, travelers to these regions are at risk of exposure. | 2015 | 26466790 |
| htpg contributes to salmonella typhimurium intestinal persistence in pigs. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella typhimurium) contamination of pork, is one of the major sources of human salmonellosis. the bacterium is able to persist and hide in asymptomatic carrier animals, generating a reservoir for salmonella transmission to other animals and humans. mechanisms involved in salmonella persistence in pigs remain poorly understood. in the present study, we demonstrate that the salmonella htpg gene, encoding a homologue of the eukaryoti ... | 2015 | 26466674 |
| surface (s)-layer proteins of deinococcus radiodurans and their utility as vehicles for surface localization of functional proteins. | the radiation resistant bacterium, deinococcus radiodurans contains two major surface (s)-layer proteins, hpi and slpa. the hpi protein was shown to (a) undergo specific in vivo cleavage, and (b) closely associate with the slpa protein. using a non-specific acid phosphatase from salmonella enterica serovar typhi, phon as a reporter, the surface layer homology (slh) domain of slpa was shown to bind deinococcal peptidoglycan-containing cell wall sacculi. the association of slpa with hpi on one sid ... | 2015 | 26450150 |
| invasive salmonella infections among children from rural mozambique, 2001-2014. | invasive nontyphoidal salmonella (ints) has emerged as a cause of bacteremia in african children and hiv-infected adults, which is associated with high mortality. epidemiological data and burden of ints infections in resource-constrained settings are needed to better define preventive and curative strategies. | 2015 | 26449950 |
| salmonella bacteremia among children in central and northwest nigeria, 2008-2015. | etiologic agents of childhood bacteremia remain poorly defined in nigeria. the absence of such data promotes indiscriminate use of antibiotics and delays implementation of appropriate preventive strategies. | 2015 | 26449948 |
| mathematical modeling to assess the drivers of the recent emergence of typhoid fever in blantyre, malawi. | multiyear epidemics of salmonella enterica serovar typhi have been reported from countries across eastern and southern africa in recent years. in blantyre, malawi, a dramatic increase in typhoid fever cases has recently occurred, and may be linked to the emergence of the h58 haplotype. strains belonging to the h58 haplotype often exhibit multidrug resistance and may have a fitness advantage relative to other salmonella typhi strains. | 2015 | 26449939 |
| a perspective on invasive salmonella disease in africa. | salmonella enterica is a leading cause of community-acquired bloodstream infection in africa. the contribution of typhoidal and nontyphoidal salmonella serovars to invasive disease varies considerably in place and time, even within the same country. nonetheless, many african countries are now thought to experience typhoid fever incidence >100 per 100,000 per year with approximately 1% of patients dying. invasive nontyphoidal salmonella (ints) disease was estimated to cause 3.4 million illnesses ... | 2015 | 26449937 |
| the eutq and eutp proteins are novel acetate kinases involved in ethanolamine catabolism: physiological implications for the function of the ethanolamine metabolosome in salmonella enterica. | salmonella enterica catabolizes ethanolamine inside a compartment known as the metabolosome. the ethanolamine utilization (eut) operon of this bacterium encodes all functions needed for the assembly and function of this structure. to date, the roles of eutq and eutp were not known. herein we show that both proteins have acetate kinase activity and that eutq is required during anoxic growth of s. enterica on ethanolamine and tetrathionate. eutp and eutq-dependent atp synthesis occurred when enzym ... | 2016 | 26448059 |
| attenuation of in vitro host-pathogen interactions in quinolone-resistant salmonella typhi mutants. | the relationship between quinolone resistance acquisition and invasion impairment has been studied in some salmonella enterica serovars. however, little information has been reported regarding the invasive human-restricted pathogen salmonella typhi. the aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of quinolone resistance acquisition and its impact on virulence in this serovar. | 2016 | 26446080 |
| inhibition of bacterial pathogens in medium and on spinach leaf surfaces using plant-derived antimicrobials loaded in surfactant micelles. | encapsulation of hydrophobic plant essential oil components (eoc) into surfactant micelles can assist the decontamination of fresh produce surfaces from bacterial pathogens during postharvest washing. loading of eugenol and carvacrol into surfactant micelles of polysorbate 20 (tween 20), surfynol® 485w, sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), and cytoguard® la 20 (cg20) was determined by identification of the eoc/surfactant-specific maximum additive concentration (mac). rheological behavior of dilute eoc- ... | 2015 | 26444985 |
| the novel cis-encoded antisense rna asrc positively regulates the expression of rpoe-rseabc operon and thus enhances the motility of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | bacterial non-coding rnas are essential in many cellular processes, including response to environmental stress, and virulence. deep sequencing analysis of the salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) transcriptome revealed a novel antisense rna transcribed in cis on the strand complementary to rsec, an activator gene of sigma factor rpoe. in this study, expression of this antisense rna was confirmed in s. typhi by northern hybridization. rapid amplification of cdna ends and sequence analysis ... | 2015 | 26441919 |
| development and comparison of a generic multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for typing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica causes salmonellosis in humans and animals. serovar-specific multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) is widely used for salmonella surveillance; however, isolates have to be serotyped prior to mlva typing and only the most common serovars can be typed. we developed a mlva scheme for high-discriminatory typing of salmonella. | 2015 | 26440858 |
| [antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella enterica isolated during the pre-harvest period in swine in colombia]. | to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates of salmonella enterica isolated from animals and during the pre-slaughter period. | 2015 | 26437705 |
| assessment of the effect of a salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium culture supernatant on the single-cell lag time of foodborne pathogens. | the objective of this study was the in vitro evaluation of the effect of a cell-free microbial supernatant, produced by a luxs-positive salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium strain, on the single-cell growth kinetic behavior of two strains of s. enterica (serotypes enteritidis and typhimurium) and a methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strain. the single-cell lag time (λ) of the pathogens was estimated in the absence and presence (20% v/v) of microbial supernatant based on optical density ... | 2015 | 26433459 |
| antimicrobial resistance and molecular investigation of h2s-negative salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar choleraesuis isolates in china. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar choleraesuis is a highly invasive pathogen of swine that frequently causes serious outbreaks, in particular in asia, and can also cause severe invasive disease in humans. in this study, 21 s. choleraesuis isolates, detected from 21 patients with diarrhea in china between 2010 and 2011, were found to include 19 h2s-negative s. choleraesuis isolates and two h2s-positive isolates. this is the first report of h2s-negative s. choleraesuis isolated from huma ... | 2015 | 26431037 |
| cross-border outbreak of salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar bovismorbificans: multiple approaches for an outbreak investigation in germany and switzerland. | in july 2014, an outbreak of salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar bovismorbificans was detected in switzerland. the goal of the outbreak investigation was to rapidly identify and eliminate the contamination source in order to prevent new cases. | 2015 | 26430716 |
| evidence supporting vertical transmission of salmonella in dairy cattle. | we set out to investigate whether salmonella enterica could be recovered from various tissues of viable neonatal calves immediately following parturition. eleven samples were aseptically collected from each of 20 calves and consisted of both left and right subiliac and prescapular lymph nodes (ln), mesenteric ln, spleen and liver, as well as intestinal tissue (including luminal contents) from the small intestine, caecum, spiral colon and rectum. in addition, a faecal sample was collected from 19 ... | 2016 | 26419321 |
| sensitive and rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria in small volumes using impedance spectroscopy technique. | we illustrate a novel impedance immunosensor which rapidly and sensitively detects typhoid-causing infectious bacteria salmonella enterica serovar (salmonella typhi) in 10 μl of sample volume. the bacteria are tagged with gold nanoparticles (au nps) via high-affinity antigen-antibody interactions for enhanced signal amplification and selectivity. the cell-particle bioconjugates are then subjected to alternating current (ac) electric fields applied through interdigitated microelectrodes. the immu ... | 2016 | 26414023 |
| influence of temperature, source, and serotype on biofilm formation of salmonella enterica isolates from pig slaughterhouses. | quantitative assessment of in vitro biofilm formation by 40 salmonella enterica isolates isolated in pig abattoirs from animal and environmental sources (surfaces in contact and not in contact with meat) and classified in eight seroytpes was carried out by using a microtiter plate assay with spectrophotometric reading (optical density at 620 nm). biofilm-forming ability was statistically correlated with the temperature of incubation (22 and 35°c), the source of the isolates, and the antimicrobia ... | 2015 | 26408137 |
| neural network model for survival and growth of salmonella enterica serotype 8,20:-:z6 in ground chicken thigh meat during cold storage: extrapolation to other serotypes. | mathematical models that predict the behavior of human bacterial pathogens in food are valuable tools for assessing and managing this risk to public health. a study was undertaken to develop a model for predicting the behavior of salmonella enterica serotype 8,20:-:z6 in chicken meat during cold storage and to determine how well the model would predict the behavior of other serotypes of salmonella stored under the same conditions. to develop the model, ground chicken thigh meat (0.75 cm(3)) was ... | 2015 | 26408130 |
| survival of salmonella enterica in dried turkey manure and persistence on spinach leaves. | concerns about the microbiological safety of fresh produce have attracted attention in the past three decades due to multiple foodborne outbreaks. animal manure contaminated with enteric pathogens has been identified as an important preharvest pathogen source. this study investigated the survival of salmonella enterica in dust particles of dehydrated turkey manure and how association with manure dust may enhance the survival of salmonellae on leafy greens in the field. the survival of a cocktail ... | 2015 | 26408127 |
| a highly effective component vaccine against nontyphoidal salmonella enterica infections. | nontyphoidal salmonella enterica (nts) infections are a major burden to global public health, as they lead to diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to systemic infections and there is currently no vaccine available. here, we describe a highly effective component vaccine against s. enterica serovar typhimurium in both gastroenteritis and systemic murine infection models. we devised an approach to generate supernatants of s. enterica serovar typhimurium, an organism that is highly abundant in viru ... | 2015 | 26396246 |
| rapidly escalating hepcidin and associated serum iron starvation are features of the acute response to typhoid infection in humans. | iron is a key pathogenic determinant of many infectious diseases. hepcidin, the hormone responsible for governing systemic iron homeostasis, is widely hypothesized to represent a key component of nutritional immunity through regulating the accessibility of iron to invading microorganisms during infection. however, the deployment of hepcidin in human bacterial infections remains poorly characterized. typhoid fever is a globally significant, human-restricted bacterial infection, but understanding ... | 2015 | 26394303 |
| laboratory, environmental, and epidemiologic investigation and regulatory enforcement actions in response to an outbreak of salmonella bredeney infections linked to peanut butter. | background. in september 2012, the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), u.s. food and drug administration (fda), and state and local partners investigated an outbreak of salmonella enterica serovar bredeney linked to peanut butter (pb). methods. a case was defined as infection with the outbreak strain of salmonella bredeney between june 1, 2012 and october 31, 2012. food exposure questionnaires were analyzed by the cdc to determine the food vehicle. the fda reviewed production inf ... | 2015 | 26389125 |
| genomic evidence reveals numerous salmonella enterica serovar newport reintroduction events in suwannee watershed irrigation ponds. | our previous work indicated a predominance (56.8%) of salmonella enterica serovar newport among isolates recovered from irrigation ponds used in produce farms over a 2-year period (b. li et al., appl environ microbiol 80:6355-6365, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02063-14). this observation provided a valuable set of metrics to explore an underaddressed issue of environmental survival of salmonella by dna microarray. microarray analysis correctly identified all the isolates (n = 53) and differenti ... | 2015 | 26386063 |
| development and evaluation of live attenuated salmonella vaccines in newly hatched duckings. | domestic ducks remain a major source of zoonotic salmonella enterica infections for man worldwide and approaches to protection should include vaccine-mediated immunity. with this in mind we developed several genetically defined mutants in a virulent duck salmonella typhimurium isolate tt-1. from initial tests for virulence in day-old ducks, δrpos, δhila, and δslya mutants retained some virulence so were not studied further. amongst the mutants showing greater attenuation, δssrb, δphopq, δompr, a ... | 2015 | 26382600 |
| metal nanoparticle assisted polymerase chain reaction for strain typing of salmonella typhi. | salmonella enterica serotype typhi (s. typhi) is the causative agent of typhoid fever and remains a major health threat in most of the developing countries. the prompt diagnosis of typhoid directly from the patient's blood requires high level of sensitivity and specificity. some of us were the first to report pcr based diagnosis of typhoid. this approach has since then been reported by many scientists using different genomic targets. since the number of bacteria circulating in the blood of a pat ... | 2015 | 26381602 |
| phop, spi1, spi2 and aroa mutants of salmonella enteritidis induce a different immune response in chickens. | poultry is the most frequent reservoir of non-typhoid salmonella enterica for humans. understanding the interactions between chickens and s. enterica is therefore important for vaccine design and subsequent decrease in the incidence of human salmonellosis. in this study we therefore characterized the interactions between chickens and phop, aroa, spi1 and spi2 mutants of s. enteritidis. first we tested the response of hd11 chicken macrophage-like cell line to s. enteritidis infection monitoring t ... | 2015 | 26380970 |
| salmonella isolates in the introduced asian house gecko (hemidactylus frenatus) with emphasis on salmonella weltevreden, in two regions in costa rica. | the asian house gecko hemidactylus frenatus has been widely introduced in costa rica and tends to establish in human settlements. some studies in other invaded countries have suggested that this gecko plays a significant role in the epidemiology of salmonellosis and it is of value to public health. to our knowledge, no studies have examined salmonella from this species in costa rica. therefore, we collected 115 geckos from houses in two costa rican regions. we examined gut contents for salmonell ... | 2015 | 26378974 |
| carbapenemase-producing salmonella enterica serotype kentucky st198, north africa. | | 2015 | 26377865 |
| salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae meningitis in a neonate exposed to a corn snake. | | 2015 | 26367812 |
| eric-pcr genotyping of field isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum. | salmonella gallinarum (sg) and salmonella pullorum (sp) have been classified as biovars belonging to salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum. genetic diversity among isolates of the same biovar can be detected by dna fingerprinting techniques which are useful in epidemiological investigations. in this study, we applied the pcr amplification of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences (eric-pcr) to analyse 45 strains of sg and sp, most of which were isolated from d ... | 2015 | 26365161 |
| factors associated with non-typhoidal salmonella bacteremia versus typhoidal salmonella bacteremia in patients presenting for care in an urban diarrheal disease hospital in bangladesh. | non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) and salmonella enterica serovar typhi bacteremia are the causes of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. there is a paucity of data regarding nts bacteremia in south asia, a region with a high incidence of typhoidal bacteremia. we sought to determine clinical predictors and outcomes associated with nts bacteremia compared with typhoidal bacteremia. | 2015 | 26361076 |
| prevalence and characterization of monophasic salmonella serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- of food origin in china. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- is a monophasic variant of salmonella typhimurium, which has recently been recognized as an emerging cause of infection worldwide. this bacterium has also ranked among the four most frequent serovars causing human salmonellosis in china. however, there are no reports on its contamination in chinese food. serotyping, polymerase chain reaction, antibiotic resistance, virulotyping, and multilocus sequence typing (mlst) assays were used to i ... | 2015 | 26360603 |
| correction for blondel et al., the type vi secretion system encoded in salmonella pathogenicity island 19 is required for salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum survival within infected macrophages. | | 2015 | 26359370 |
| draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar napoli strain sn310, cause of a multischool outbreak in milan, italy, in 2014. | we report the draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar napoli strain sn310, isolated from a stool sample of an affected pupil during a multischool outbreak in 2014 in milan, italy. this represents the first reported draft genome sequence of the emerging serovar napoli. | 2015 | 26358605 |
| correction: genomic comparison of non-typhoidal salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium, enteritidis, heidelberg, hadar and kentucky isolates from broiler chickens. | | 2015 | 26352414 |
| charge and aggregation pattern govern the interaction of plasticins with lps monolayers mimicking the external leaflet of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. | bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become today a major public health issue. in the development of new anti-infectious therapies, antimicrobial peptides appear as promising candidates. however, their mechanisms of action against bacterial membranes are still poorly understood. we describe for the first time the interaction and penetration of plasticins into lipid monolayers and bilayers modeling the two leaflets of the asymmetrical outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. the lipid composi ... | 2015 | 26343162 |
| contamination of knives and graters by bacterial foodborne pathogens during slicing and grating of produce. | poor hygiene and improper food preparation practices in consumers' homes have previously been demonstrated as contributing to foodborne diseases. to address potential cross-contamination by kitchen utensils in the home, a series of studies was conducted to determine the extent to which the use of a knife or grater on fresh produce would lead to the utensil's contamination with escherichia coli o157:h7 or salmonella enterica. when shredding inoculated carrots (ca. 5.3 log cfu/carrot), all graters ... | 2015 | 26338127 |
| characterization of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica strains isolated from brazilian poultry production. | antimicrobial resistance profiles and presence of resistance determinants and integrons were evaluated in salmonella enterica strains from brazilian poultry. the analysis of 203 isolates showed that those from the poultry environment (88 isolates) were significantly more resistant to antimicrobials than isolates from other sources, particularly those isolated from poultry by-product meal (106 isolates). thirty-seven isolates were resistant to at least three antimicrobial classes. class 1 integro ... | 2015 | 26337044 |
| uncovering what lies beneath a salmonella enterica empyema. | a 67-year-old woman with myelodysplastic syndrome (mds) and transfusional haemosiderosis developed salmonella empyema caused by direct extension from splenic abscesses. she was successfully treated with antibiotics, pleural decortication and splenectomy. she had presented with fever after being treated for presumed pneumonia and parapneumonic effusion 2 months prior. ct scan showed splenic abscesses eroding through the diaphragm causing a left pleural empyema. pleural fluid and spleen bacterial ... | 2015 | 26336186 |
| antibiotic resistance determinants and genetic analysis of salmonella enterica isolated from food in morocco. | antimicrobial-resistant non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) are an important cause of infection in africa, but there is a lack of information on their molecular mechanisms of resistance and epidemiology. this study contributes to fill this gap through the characterization by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), multilocus sequence typing (mlst), plasmid profiling and analysis of antibiotic-resistance determinants of 94 salmonella enterica strains isolated from food in morocco. pfge revealed consi ... | 2015 | 26325598 |
| typhoid fever complicated by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and rhabdomyolysis. | hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh) and rhabdomyolysis are rare complications of typhoid fever from salmonella enterica serovar typhi. herein, we describe the clinical features in a 21-year-old female from india who presented to the intensive care unit with fever, severe pancytopenia, and rhabdomyolysis. | 2015 | 26324725 |
| coadministration of cruzipain and gm-csf dnas, a new immunotherapeutic vaccine against trypanosoma cruzi infection. | therapeutic vaccine research and development are especially important in chagas disease considering the characteristics of the chronic infection and the number of people in the americas living with a parasite infection for decades. we have previously reported the efficacy of attenuated salmonella enterica (s) carrying plasmid encoding cruzipain (scz) to protect against trypanosoma cruzi infection. in the present work we investigated whether cz dna vaccine immunotherapy could be effective in cont ... | 2016 | 26312947 |
| microbiological characterization of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi, south africa, 2003-2014. | | 2015 | 26306409 |
| comparison of two culture techniques used to detect environmental contamination with salmonella enterica in a large-animal hospital. | salmonellosis is a common healthcare-associated infection in large-animal hospitals, and surveillance for salmonella is an integral part of comprehensive infection control programmes in populations at risk. the present study compares the effectiveness of two culture techniques for recovery of salmonella from environmental samples obtained in a large-animal referral veterinary hospital during a salmonella outbreak. environmental samples were collected using household cleaning cloths that were inc ... | 2015 | 26304139 |
| the two-component system cpxr/a represses the expression of salmonella virulence genes by affecting the stability of the transcriptional regulator hild. | salmonella enterica can cause intestinal or systemic infections in humans and animals mainly by the presence of pathogenicity islands spi-1 and spi-2, containing 39 and 44 genes, respectively. the arac-like regulator hild positively controls the expression of the spi-1 genes, as well as many other salmonella virulence genes including those located in spi-2. a previous report indicates that the two-component system cpxr/a regulates the spi-1 genes: the absence of the sensor kinase cpxa, but not t ... | 2015 | 26300871 |
| salmonella disrupts host endocytic trafficking by sopd2-mediated inhibition of rab7. | intracellular bacterial pathogens of a diverse nature share the ability to evade host immunity by impairing trafficking of endocytic cargo to lysosomes for degradation, a process that is poorly understood. here, we show that the salmonella enterica type 3 secreted effector sopd2 mediates this process by binding the host regulatory gtpase rab7 and inhibiting its nucleotide exchange. consequently, this limits rab7 interaction with its dynein- and kinesin-binding effectors rilp and fyco1 and thereb ... | 2015 | 26299973 |
| genetic and resistance phenotypic subtyping of salmonella saintpaul isolates from various food sources and humans: phylogenetic concordance in combinatory analyses. | bacterial pathogen subtyping for public health traceback of foodborne outbreaks has increasingly produced a number of disparate molecular techniques of varying resolution. here, we bridge the molecular divide across three methodologies, transform data types for cross-comparison, and test phylogenetic concordance. single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) discovery was combined with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for identifying and differentiating 18 ... | 2015 | 26299886 |
| computational analysis and in silico predictive modeling for inhibitors of phop regulon in s. typhi on high-throughput screening bioassay dataset. | there is emergence of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhi in pandemic proportions throughout the world, and therefore, there is a necessity to speed up the discovery of novel molecules having different modes of action and also less influenced by the resistance formation that would be used as drug for the treatment of salmonellosis particularly typhoid fever. the phop regulon is well studied and has now been shown to be a critical regulator of number of gene expressions which a ... | 2016 | 26298582 |
| antimicrobial drug resistance and molecular typing of salmonella enterica serovar rissen from different sources. | salmonella enterica serovar rissen is one of the most common serovars found in pigs and pork products in different countries, including spain. however, information on the molecular bases of antimicrobial drug resistance and the population structure of salmonella rissen from different sources in spain is limited. the present study focused on 84 isolates collected in spain from pig and beef carcasses, foods and clinical samples associated with sporadic cases of gastroenteritis, and one outbreak. t ... | 2016 | 26295933 |
| salmonella bacteriuria in a cat fed a salmonella-contaminated diet. | a 9-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of hematuria and weight loss after an 8-year history of intermittent signs of feline lower urinary tract disease (flutd). a complete diet history revealed that the cat was eating a commercial diet that does not undergo the same processing procedures as most pet foods and so might be at increased risk for bacterial contamination owing to a nonstandard industry cooking procedure. | 2015 | 26295559 |
| a live oral fowl typhoid vaccine with reversible o-antigen production. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum causes fowl typhoid, recognized worldwide as an economically important disease. the current vaccine, 9r, lacks a complete o antigen, which is a salmonella virulence factor, and, in addition, has a number of other less well characterized chromosomal mutations. for optimal efficacy, 9r is administered by injection. in an effort to develop a vaccine suitable for oral administration, we constructed salmonella gallinarum strains with a reversible o-antigen pheno ... | 2015 | 26292534 |
| acute hepatic necrosis caused by salmonella enterica serotype i 4,5,12:-:1,2 in a dog. | acute hepatic necrosis was diagnosed in a dog. gram staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization identified salmonella enterica in the liver, subsequently confirmed as s. enterica serotype i 4,5,12:-:1,2. this is the first report of acute hepatic necrosis with liver failure caused by salmonella in a dog. | 2015 | 26292301 |
| evaluation of surrogate disk tests for detection of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance in clinical isolates of salmonella enterica. | detection of fluoroquinolone resistance in salmonella enterica has become increasingly difficult due to evolving resistance mechanisms to this antimicrobial class in this organism. we evaluated two quinolone disks and five fluoroquinolone disks for their ability to act as a surrogate agent for the detection of fluoroquinolone resistance in a collection of 136 s. enterica isolates, including 111 with intermediate or resistant ciprofloxacin mics mediated by a variety of resistance mechanisms. cipr ... | 2015 | 26292293 |
| development of a pefloxacin disk diffusion method for detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella enterica. | fluoroquinolones (fqs) are among the drugs of choice for treatment of salmonella infections. however, fluoroquinolone resistance is increasing in salmonella due to chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (qrdrs) of the topoisomerase genes gyra, gyrb, parc, and pare and/or plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) mechanisms including qnr variants, aac(6')-ib-cr, qepa, and oqxab. some of these mutations cause only subtle increases in the mic, i.e., mics ranging fr ... | 2015 | 26292292 |
| area-level global and local clustering of human salmonella enteritidis infection rates in the city of toronto, canada, 2007-2009. | salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (s. enteritidis) remains a major foodborne pathogen in north america yet studies examining the spatial epidemiology of salmonellosis in urban environments are lacking. our ecological study combined a number of spatial statistical methods with a geographic information system to assess area-level heterogeneity of s. enteritidis infection rates in the city of toronto. | 2015 | 26290174 |
| salmonella enterica serovar szentes, a rare serotype causing a 9-month outbreak in 2013 and 2014 in switzerland. | during the summer of 2013, an increase of salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar szentes isolates from human clinical cases was registered by the swiss national centre for enteropathogenic bacteria and listeria. in the course of the ensuing 9 months, 18 isolates originating from 13 patients and from one food sample were collected. of the 13 human cases, 10 (77%) were female. the patients' ages ranged from 27 to 83 years (median age 49 years). pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) performed ... | 2015 | 26287690 |
| localization of proteins to the 1,2-propanediol utilization microcompartment by non-native signal sequences is mediated by a common hydrophobic motif. | various bacteria localize metabolic pathways to proteinaceous organelles known as bacterial microcompartments (mcps), enabling the metabolism of carbon sources to enhance survival and pathogenicity in the gut. there is considerable interest in exploiting bacterial mcps for metabolic engineering applications, but little is known about the interactions between mcp signal sequences and the protein shells of different mcp systems. we found that the n-terminal sequences from the ethanolamine utilizat ... | 2015 | 26283792 |
| formal comment to pettengill: the time to most recent common ancestor does not (usually) approximate the date of divergence. | in 2013 zhou et al. concluded that salmonella enterica serovar agona represents a genetically monomorphic lineage of recent ancestry, whose most recent common ancestor existed in 1932, or earlier. the abstract stated 'agona consists of three lineages with minimal mutational diversity: only 846 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) have accumulated in the non-repetitive, core genome since agona evolved in 1932 and subsequently underwent a major population expansion in the 1960s.' these conclusio ... | 2015 | 26274924 |
| draft genome sequence and annotation of phyllosphere-persisting salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar livingstone strain cky-s4, isolated from an urban lake in regina, canada. | here, we report the first draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar livingstone. this s. livingstone strain cky-s4 displayed biofilm formation and cellulose production and could persist on lettuce. this genome may help the study of mechanisms by which enteric pathogens colonize food crops. | 2015 | 26272568 |
| fast and efficient three-step target-specific curing of a virulence plasmid in salmonella enterica. | virulence plasmids borne by serovars of salmonella enterica carry genes involved in its pathogenicity, as well as other functions. characterization of phenotypes associated with virulence plasmids requires a system for efficiently curing strains of their virulence plasmids. here, we developed a 3-step protocol for targeted curing of virulence plasmids. the protocol involves insertion of an i-seci restriction site linked to an antibiotic resistance gene into the target plasmid using λ-red mutagen ... | 2015 | 26272479 |
| rapid and sensitive salmonella typhi detection in blood and fecal samples using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | typhoid fever caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi remains a significant public health problem in developing countries. although the main method for diagnosing typhoid fever is blood culture, the test is time consuming and not always able to detect infections. thus, it is very difficult to distinguish typhoid from other infections in patients with nonspecific symptoms. a simple and sensitive laboratory detection method remains necessary. the purpose of this study is to establish and evalu ... | 2015 | 26270463 |
| reconstruction of the temporal signaling network in salmonella-infected human cells. | salmonella enterica is a bacterial pathogen that usually infects its host through food sources. translocation of the pathogen proteins into the host cells leads to changes in the signaling mechanism either by activating or inhibiting the host proteins. given that the bacterial infection modifies the response network of the host, a more coherent view of the underlying biological processes and the signaling networks can be obtained by using a network modeling approach based on the reverse engineer ... | 2015 | 26257716 |
| weak interactions between salmonella enterica flhb and other flagellar export apparatus proteins govern type iii secretion dynamics. | the bacterial flagellum contains its own type iii secretion apparatus that coordinates protein export with assembly at the distal end. while many interactions among export apparatus proteins have been reported, few have been examined with respect to the differential affinities and dynamic relationships that must govern the mechanism of export. flhb, an integral membrane protein, plays critical roles in both export and the substrate specificity switching that occurs upon hook completion. reported ... | 2015 | 26244937 |
| virulence characterization of salmonella enterica by a new microarray: detection and evaluation of the cytolethal distending toxin gene activity in the unusual host s. typhimurium. | salmonella enterica is a zoonotic foodborne pathogen that causes acute gastroenteritis in humans. we assessed the virulence potential of one-hundred and six salmonella strains isolated from food animals and products. a high through-put virulence genes microarray demonstrated salmonella pathogenicity islands (spi) and adherence genes were highly conserved, while prophages and virulence plasmid genes were variably present. isolates were grouped by serotype, and virulence plasmids separated s. typh ... | 2015 | 26244504 |
| a case of salmonella enterica serovar typhi tubo ovarian abscess. | | 2015 | 26243998 |
| enteric fever in a british soldier from sierra leone. | enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid) remains a threat to british troops overseas and causes significant morbidity and mortality. we report the case of a soldier who developed typhoid despite appropriate vaccination and field hygiene measures, which began 23 days after returning from a deployment in sierra leone. the incubation period was longer than average, symptoms started 2 days after stopping doxycycline for malaria chemoprophylaxis and initial blood cultures were negative. the salmonella ... | 2016 | 26243802 |
| safety and immunogenicity of an attenuated salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a vaccine candidate. | enteric fever caused by salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a has progressively increased in recent years and became a global health issue. currently licensed typhoid vaccines do not confer adequate cross-immunoprotection against s. paratyphi a infection. therefore, vaccines specifically against enteric fever caused by s. paratyphi a are urgently needed. in the present study, an attenuated vaccine strain was constructed from s. paratyphi a cmcc50093 by the deletions of aroc and yncd. the obtai ... | 2015 | 26239100 |
| live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis vaccine vector displaying regulated delayed attenuation and regulated delayed antigen synthesis to confer protection against streptococcus suis in mice. | salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis (s. choleraesuis) and streptococcus suis (s. suis) are important swine pathogens. development of a safe and effective attenuated s. choleraesuis vaccine vector would open a new window to prevent and control pig diseases. to achieve this goal, the mannose and arabinose regulated delayed attenuated systems (rdas), δpmi and δpcrp::tt arac pbadcrp, were introduced into the wild type s. choleraesuis strain c78-3. we also introduced δrela::arac pbadlaci tt to ... | 2015 | 26238722 |
| prevalence and diversity of salmonella enterica in water, fish and lettuce in ouagadougou, burkina faso. | this study investigated the prevalence, serotypes and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of salmonella enterica in environment in ouagadougou, burkina faso. a total of 476 samples, consisting of 36 samples of tap water, 51 samples of well water, 87 samples of channel water, 44 samples of reservoir water, 238 samples of fish, and 20 samples of lettuce were examined using standard bacteriological procedures for salmonella. | 2015 | 26228572 |
| first complete genome sequence of a salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar derby strain associated with pork in france. | in france, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar derby is one of the most often isolated serovars in pigs. here, we describe the draft genome sequence of a strain isolated from a pig. this strain had the most frequent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and antimicrobial patterns (s, ssu, t) usually observed in pig production in france. those patterns have been also highlighted in human isolates. | 2015 | 26227607 |
| distribution and molecular characterization of salmonella enterica hypermutators in retail food in china. | hypermutable pathogens can easily acquire mutation opportunities, as well as antimicrobial resistance, and are tremendous hazards to food safety and public health. in this study, a total of 96 (7.6%) hypermutators were identified from 1,264 salmonella isolates recovered from retail foods. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that hypermutators were genetically diverse. amino acid substitution of val421phe was detected in muts in one hypermutator and val246ala in 56 other hypermuta ... | 2015 | 26219361 |
| salmonella occurrence and enterobacteriaceae counts in pig feed ingredients and compound feed from feed mills in ireland. | the purpose of this study was to assess the occurrence of non-typhoidal salmonellae and enterobacteriaceae counts in raw ingredients and compound feeds sampled from feed mills manufacturing pig diets. between november 2012 and september 2013, feed ingredients (n=340) and compound pig feed (n=313) samples were collected from five commercial feed mills and one home compounder at various locations throughout ireland. feed ingredients included cereals, vegetable protein sources and by-products of oi ... | 2015 | 26211839 |
| investigation of nalidixic acid resistance mechanism in salmonella enterica using molecular simulation techniques. | the emergence of nalidixic acid-resistant strains of salmonella typhimurium remains to be a major public health problem. in particular, the substitution of asn in place of asp at the 87 loci in the gyra of s. typhimurium was experimentally stated for nalidixic acid resistance. however, the data on the possible mechanism of nalidixic acid resistance are limited. in this study, i-mutant2.0 and duet program were employed to explore the impact of mutation on the stability of gyra protein. subsequent ... | 2015 | 26208690 |
| characterization of the cytolethal distending toxin (typhoid toxin) in non-typhoidal salmonella serovars. | for many putative salmonella enterica subsp. enterica virulence genes, functional characterization across serovars has been limited. cytolethal distending toxin b (cdtb) is an incompletely characterized virulence factor that is found not only in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi (salmonella typhi) and dozens of gram negative bacterial pathogens, but also in non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) serovars. | 2015 | 26207144 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of salmonella enterica serovar pullorum pathogenicity island 2 mutant as a live attenuated vaccine candidate. | salmonella enterica serovar pullorum (s. pullorum) causes pullorum disease (pd), a severe systemic disease of poultry and results in considerable economic losses in developing countries. in order to develop a safe and immunogenic vaccine, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of s06004δspi2, a salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi2) deleted mutant of s. pullorum was evaluated in 2-day old chickens. | 2015 | 26205518 |
| characterization of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica isolated from pork, chicken meat, and humans in northeastern thailand. | a total of 221 salmonella enterica from raw pork (n=64), raw chicken (n=80), and humans (n=77) were characterized for antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes and virulence plasmid-associated genes. most salmonella isolates (95.9%) were multidrug resistant and exhibited high resistance to sulfamethoxazole (96.4%), streptomycin (93.2%), spectinomycin (76.5%), tetracycline (73.3%), ampicillin (70.1%), and trimethoprim (60.2%). forty-one percent of all isolates were inti1-positive, of whic ... | 2015 | 26204443 |
| complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae str. rks2983. | salmonella arizonae (also called salmonella subgroup iiia) is a gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium. s. arizonae strain rks2983 was isolated from a human in california, usa. s. arizonae lies somewhere between salmonella subgroups i (human pathogens) and v (also called s. bongori; usually non-pathogenic to humans) and so is an ideal model organism for studies of bacterial evolution from non-human pathogen to human pathogens. we hence sequenced t ... | 2015 | 26203341 |
| role of salmonella serology a century after the widal era. | typhoid fever remains an important health burden in the developing world, whereas non-typhoid salmonelloses are one of the most common food-borne illnesses throughout the world and can be subjected to extra-intestinal complications. culture is the gold standard for diagnosing a salmonella infection. serology can also provide evidence of infection. serological methods for the diagnosis of salmonella infections in humans and animals vary widely and can as well be used in epidemiologic studies to d ... | 2015 | 26201126 |
| efficacy of lytic bacteriophage preparation in reducing salmonella in vitro, on turkey breast cutlets, and on ground turkey. | the efficacy of the recently approved salmonella lytic bacteriophage preparation (salmofresh) in reducing salmonella enterica serotype heidelberg on turkey breast cutlets and ground turkey was evaluated. in a broth model assay, the phage preparation completely inhibited the growth of four s. enterica serotypes (salmonella enteritidis, salmonella heidelberg, salmonella kentucky, and salmonella typhimurium) at 37°c at a multiplicity of infection of 10,000 pfu/cfu. at 4°c in 0.1% peptone water (pw) ... | 2015 | 26197288 |
| inoculation preparation affects survival of salmonella enterica on whole black peppercorns and cumin seeds stored at low water activity. | salmonellosis has been increasingly associated with contaminated spices. identifying inoculation and stabilization methods for salmonella on whole spices is important for development of validated inactivation processes. the objective of this study was to examine the effects of inoculation preparation on the recoverability of salmonella enterica from dried whole peppercorns and cumin seeds. whole black peppercorns and cumin seeds were inoculated with s. enterica using one dry transfer method and ... | 2015 | 26197275 |
| characterization of salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- isolates from korean food animals. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:-, a monophasic variant of salmonella typhimurium, has emerged as one of the most common serotypes related to human salmonellosis. in this study, the 22 isolates of s. 4,[5],12:i:- from food animals were identified by a specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction between 2009 and 2012. the isolation rate of s. 4,[5],12:i:- accounted for 1.7% (22/1271) of salmonella spp. isolates from food animal origins: more specifically, 7.6% (18/235) ... | 2015 | 26192872 |
| effectiveness of a spontaneous carvacrol nanoemulsion against salmonella enterica enteritidis and escherichia coli o157:h7 on contaminated broccoli and radish seeds. | the incidence of foodborne illness associated with the consumption of fresh produce has continued to increase over the past decade. sprouts, such as mung bean, alfalfa, radish, and broccoli, are minimally processed and have been sources for foodborne illness. currently, a 20,000 ppm calcium hypochlorite soak is recommended for the treatment of sprouting seeds. in this study, the efficacy of an antimicrobial carvacrol nanoemulsion was tested against salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar ... | 2015 | 26187822 |
| application of ethidium bromide monoazide for quantification of viable and dead cells of salmonella enterica by real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | a rapid and efficient method for quantification and discrimination of salmonella enterica ser. enteritidis between viable and dead cells killed by heat was developed using ethidium bromide monoazide (ema) in combination with a real-time loop amplified (rti-lamp) dna assay. the use of 8.0 μg/ml or less of ema did not inhibit dna amplification in rti-lamp assays derived from viable cells. however, 8.0 μg/ml of ema notably inhibited dna amplification and significantly increased the tp values with d ... | 2015 | 26187777 |
| epidemiology, clinical presentation, laboratory diagnosis, antimicrobial resistance, and antimicrobial management of invasive salmonella infections. | salmonella enterica infections are common causes of bloodstream infection in low-resource areas, where they may be difficult to distinguish from other febrile illnesses and may be associated with a high case fatality ratio. microbiologic culture of blood or bone marrow remains the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis. antimicrobial resistance has emerged in salmonella enterica, initially to the traditional first-line drugs chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. decreased flu ... | 2015 | 26180063 |
| blue 470 nm light suppresses the growth of salmonella enterica and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in vitro. | emerging evidence suggests that blue light can photo-inactivate some bacteria of clinical importance. consequently, we tested the hypothesis that 470 nm light can suppress growth of two recalcitrant bacteria, mrsa and salmonella. | 2015 | 26174877 |
| fatal case of diarrhea with acute kidney injury and hemiplegia due to salmonella enterica serovar wangata: the first report from the indian subcontinent. | | 2015 | 26166494 |
| whole genome sequencing provides an unambiguous link between salmonella dublin outbreak strain and a historical isolate. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin is an uncommon cause of human salmonellosis; however, a relatively high proportion of cases are associated with invasive disease. the serotype is associated with cattle. a geographically diffuse outbreak of s. dublin involving nine patients occurred in ireland in 2013. the source of infection was not identified. typing of outbreak associated isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was of limited value because pfge has limited discrim ... | 2016 | 26165314 |
| differences in clinical and laboratory findings between group d and non-group d non-typhoidal salmonella gastroenteritis in children. | to investigate the differences in clinical features and laboratory findings between group d and non-group d non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) gastroenteritis in children. | 2015 | 26157693 |
| influence of prgh on the persistence of ingested salmonella enterica in the leafhopper macrosteles quadrilineatus. | phytophagous insects can encounter salmonella enterica on contaminated plant surfaces and transmit externally adhered and internalized bacteria on and among leaves. excretion of ingested s. enterica by the leafhopper macrosteles quadrilineatus has been previously reported; however, the sites of persistence of ingested bacteria remain undetermined. fluorescence microscopy revealed the presence and persistence of s. enterica in various organs of m. quadrilineatus fed an inoculated diet for 12 h an ... | 2015 | 26150468 |
| stg fimbrial operon from s. typhi sth2370 contributes to association and cell disruption of epithelial and macrophage-like cells. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) stg operon, encoding a chaperone/usher fimbria (cu), contributes to an increased adherence to human epithelial cells. however, one report suggests that the presence of the stg fimbria impairs the monocyte--bacteria association, as deduced by the lower level of invasion to macrophage-like cells observed when the stg fimbrial cluster was overexpressed. nevertheless, since other cu fimbrial structures increase the entry of s. typhi into macrophages, and ... | 2015 | 26149381 |
| fibrinolytic and procoagulant activities of yersinia pestis and salmonella enterica. | pla of the plague bacterium yersinia pestis and pgte of the enteropathogen salmonella enterica are surface-exposed, transmembrane β-barrel proteases of the omptin family that exhibit a complex array of interactions with the hemostatic systems in vitro, and both proteases are established virulence factors. pla favors fibrinolysis by direct activation of plasminogen, inactivation of the serpins plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and α2-antiplasmin, inactivation of the thrombin-activable fibrinolysi ... | 2015 | 26149012 |
| draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar give, isolated from an imported chili powder product. | we report the genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar give (cfsan012622), isolated from imported chili powder in 2014. this genome contains genes previously reported to be specific only to s. enterica serovar enteritidis. this strain shows a unique pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) pattern clustering with serovar enteritidis (jeg x01.0005). | 2015 | 26139723 |
| complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agona 460004 2-1, associated with a multistate outbreak in the united states. | within the last several years, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agona has been among the 20 most frequently isolated serovars in clinical cases of salmonellosis. in this report, the complete genome sequence of s. agona strain 460004 2-1 isolated from unsweetened puffed-rice cereal during a multistate outbreak in 2008 was sequenced using single-molecule real-time dna sequencing. | 2015 | 26139714 |
| comparison between salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis genotyping methods and phage type. | a quantitative comparison between discriminatory indexes and concordance among multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), automated ribotyping, and phage typing has been performed, testing 238 salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis isolates not epidemiologically correlated. the results show that mlva is the best choice, but each typing method provides a piece of information for establishing clonal relationships between the isolates. | 2015 | 26135859 |