| endozoochorous dispersal of forest seeds by carnivorous mammals in sierra fría, aguascalientes, mexico. | some carnivorous mammals ingest fruit and disperse seeds of forest plant species capable of colonizing disturbed areas in ecosystems. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the dissemination of arctostaphylos pungens and juniperus deppeana seeds by the gray fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus), coyote (canis latrans), and other carnivores in the protected natural area sierra fría, in aguascalientes, mexico. scat collection was undertaken via transects using the direct search method, while ... | 2020 | 32211171 |
| a genome-wide perspective on the persistence of red wolf ancestry in southeastern canids. | the red wolf (canis rufus), a legally recognized and critically endangered wolf, is known to interbreed with coyotes (canis latrans). declared extirpated in the wild in 1980, red wolves were reintroduced to northeastern north carolina nearly a decade later. interbreeding with coyotes was thought to be restricted to a narrow geographic region adjacent to the reintroduced population and largely believed to threaten red wolf recovery. however, red wolf ancestry was recently discovered in canids alo ... | 2020 | 32090268 |
| invasive wild pigs as primary nest predators for wild turkeys. | depredation of wild turkey (meleagris gallopavo) nests is a leading cause of reduced recruitment for the recovering and iconic game species. invasive wild pigs (sus scrofa) are known to depredate nests, and have been expanding throughout the distributed range of wild turkeys in north america. we sought to gain better insight on the magnitude of wild pigs depredating wild turkey nests. we constructed simulated wild turkey nests throughout the home ranges of 20 gps-collared wild pigs to evaluate n ... | 2020 | 32060348 |
| determining the scale at which variation in a single gene changes population yields. | plant trait diversity is known to influence population yield, but the scale at which this happens remains unknown: divergent individuals might change yields of immediate neighbors (neighbor scale) or of plants across a population (population scale). we use nicotiana attenuata plants silenced in mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (irmpk4) - with low water-use efficiency (wue) - to study the scale at which water-use traits alter intraspecific population yields. in the field and glasshouse, we obse ... | 2020 | 32057293 |
| mammal responses to the human footprint vary across species and stressors. | a rapidly expanding human footprint - comprised of anthropogenic land-use change and infrastructure - is profoundly affecting wildlife distributions worldwide. cumulative effects management (cem) is a regional approach that seeks to manage combined effects of the human footprint on biodiversity across large spatial scales. challenges to implementing this approach include a lack of ecological data at large spatial scales, the high cost of monitoring multiple indicators, and the need to manage mul ... | 2018 | 29654972 |
| the importance of considering multiple interacting species for conservation of species at risk. | conservation of species at risk of extinction is complex and multifaceted. however, mitigation strategies are typically narrow in scope, an artifact of conservation research that is often limited to a single species or stressor. knowledge of an entire community of strongly interacting species would greatly enhance the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of conservation decisions. we investigated how camera trapping and spatial count models, an extension of spatial-recapture models for unmarked p ... | 2019 | 30306635 |
| neospora caninum dna in coyote fecal samples collected in an urban environment. | definitive hosts of neospora caninum are species of canids, such as domestic dogs ( canis lupus familiaris), coyotes ( canis latrans) and foxes ( vulpes vulpes), whereas ruminants, such as cattle ( bos taurus), sheep ( ovis aries), and deer (cervidae) serve as intermediate hosts. we investigated the presence of n. caninum in feces of coyotes in calgary, alberta, canada. one hundred coyote fecal samples were collected from five city parks. following dna extraction, the presence of n. caninum dna ... | 2019 | 30096031 |
| effects of urbanization on resource use and individual specialization in coyotes (canis latrans) in southern california. | urban environments are unique because fragments of natural or semi-natural habitat are embedded within a potentially permeable matrix of human-dominated areas, creating increased landscape and, potentially, habitat heterogeneity. in addition, urban areas can provide diet subsidies for wildlife species in the form of fruiting ornamental plants, trash, and domestic animals. ecological opportunity in the forms of habitat and food heterogeneity are thought to be important mechanisms in maintaining i ... | 2020 | 32023321 |
| dynamics of animal joint space use: a novel application of a time series approach. | animal use is a dynamic phenomenon, emerging from the movements of animals responding to a changing environment. interactions between animals are reflected in patterns of joint space use, which are also dynamic. high frequency sampling associated with gps telemetry provides detailed data that capture space use through time. however, common analyses treat joint space use as static over relatively long periods, masking potentially important changes. furthermore, linking temporal variation in inter ... | 2019 | 31867110 |
| optimal sampling design and the accuracy of occupancy models. | we present general theoretical limits on the possible accuracy (mean squared error or mse) of occupancy estimates for a large range of occupancy study designs with imperfect detection and confirm our theoretical results via a simulation study. in particular, we show that for a given total survey effort, the best possible mse is driven by two design-related factors: the fraction of visits made at occupied sites (regardless of whether that occupancy status is known or not) and the number of visits ... | 2020 | 31860121 |
| dynamic rodent behavioral response to predation risk: implications for disease ecology. | prey modify their behavior in response to variation in predation risk, and such modifications can affect trophic processes such as disease transmission. however, variation in predation risk is complex, arising from direct risk from the predator itself and indirect risk due to the environment. moreover, direct risk typically stems from multiple predators and varies over timescales (e.g., a predator nearby vs. its seasonal activities). we implemented a field-based experiment to disentangle these s ... | 2020 | 31813024 |
| student initiative improves hiv screening rate in student-run free clinic. | background the center for disease control provides recommendations for preventative services and screenings including recommendations for a one-time hiv screening of all adult patients between the ages of 13-64. but not all clinics are fully compliant with these recommendations. we identified a need for increased screening at two clinics in a rural setting. as a healthcare quality improvement initiative, we developed educational informatics to increase screening compliance. methods this project ... | 2019 | 31807382 |
| prevalence and distribution of dirofilaria immitis infection in wild canids in southern ontario. | wild canids represent a potential reservoir host for dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs in ontario. since wild canids are not protected by chemoprophylaxis, understanding the epidemiology of d. immmitis in these populations may help elucidate the background risk of infection for dogs. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of d. immitis infection in wild canids across southern ontario. from february 2016 to march 2017, 290 wild canid carcasses (273 coyotes and ... | 2019 | 31796196 |
| features of the femoral proximocaudal joint capsule insertion among canids. | this observational study was conducted to evaluate the anatomic relationship between the proximocaudal femoral joint capsule insertion and the femoral caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte (cco), across ancient and modern domestic and non-domestic canids. museum specimens of proximal femora were screened for presence of remnant enthesophytes of the caudal joint capsule insertion (first inclusion criterion) and then for the cco (second inclusion criterion). the initially screened population include ... | 2019 | 31433562 |
| causes and consequences of pleistocene megafaunal extinctions as revealed from rancho la brea mammals. | the fossils preserved in the rancho la brea "tar" seeps in southern california span the past ā¼50,000 years and provide a rare opportunity to assess the ecology of predators (e.g., the american lion, sabertooth cats, cougars, dire wolves, gray wolves, and coyotes), including clarifying the causes and consequences of the terminal pleistocene extinction event. here, a multi-proxy approach elucidates dietary responses of carnivorans to changing climates and megafaunal extinctions. using sample sizes ... | 2019 | 31386836 |
| plant biology: learning to love yourself. | in self-incompatible plants the female style rejects self pollen, yet the extent to which the female style in the many self-compatible species can still select between different pollen genotypes and thus bias fertilization success is unclear. a new study identifies the molecular basis for how styles of the self-compatible coyote tobacco bias the fertilization success of pollen genotypes using matching gene expression patterns in a manner analogous to cryptic female choice in animals. | 2019 | 31336088 |
| persistence and conspecific observations improve problem-solving abilities of coyotes. | social learning has important ecological and evolutionary consequences but the role of certain factors, such as social rank, neophobia (i.e., avoidance of novel stimuli), persistence, and task-reward association, remain less understood. we examined the role of these factors in social learning by captive coyotes (canis latrans) via three studies. study 1 involved individual animals and eliminated object neophobia by familiarizing the subjects to the testing apparatus prior to testing. studies 2 a ... | 2019 | 31291268 |
| abiotic conditions mediate intraguild interactions between mammalian carnivores. | intraguild (ig) interactions are common among mammalian carnivores, can include intraguild predation (igp) and interspecific killing (ik), and are often asymmetrical, where a larger more dominant species (igpredator ) kills a smaller one (igprey ). according to ecological theory, the potential for an igpredator and igprey to coexist depends on whether the direct consumptive benefits for the igpredator are substantial (igp) or insignificant (ik), the extent to which the igprey is the superior exp ... | 2019 | 31236935 |
| behavioral responses by an apex predator to urbanization. | wildlife can respond to urbanization positively (synanthropic) or negatively (misanthropic), and for some species, this is a nonlinear process, whereby low levels of urbanization elicit a positive response, but this response becomes negative at high levels of urbanization. we applied concepts from foraging theory to predict positive and negative behavioral responses of coyotes (canis latrans) along an urbanization gradient in the chicago metropolitan area, usa. we estimated home range size and c ... | 2020 | 31210723 |
| assessing arrays of multiple trail cameras to detect north american mammals. | motion triggered camera traps are an increasingly popular tool for wildlife research and can be used to survey for multiple species simultaneously. as with all survey techniques, it is crucial to conduct camera trapping research following study designs that include adequate spatial and temporal replication, and sufficient probability of detecting species presence. the use and configuration of multiple camera traps within a single survey site are understudied considerations that could have a subs ... | 2019 | 31206527 |
| canine transmissible venereal tumor genome reveals ancient introgression from coyotes to pre-contact dogs in north america. | | 2019 | 31160719 |
| right nostril biases to experimental scents in canis familiaris. | although olfactory laterality in canids has been demonstrated experimentally, the extent to which nostril bias occurs in "nature" is not well known. we tested whether there was olfactory laterality of untrained dogs in various off-leash dog parks within victoria, british columbia to manipulated scents placed at the tail base of full-size dog replica. using video-playback, we found that of 192 separate approaches (nā=ā119 different subjects), dogs used the right nostril first greater than 66% of ... | 2020 | 31074320 |
| echinococcus multilocularis in a wild free-living eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus) in southern ontario: a case report and subsequent field study of wild small mammals. | southern ontario has recently been identified as a risk area for echinococcus multilocularis, based on surveys of foxes (vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (canis latrans) which act as definitive hosts of the parasite. in this manuscript, we describe the first detection of e. multilocularis in an eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus) in north america. this case, submitted to the canadian wildlife health cooperative (cwhc) in august 2016 as part of ongoing wildlife disease surveillance activities, represent ... | 2018 | 31014882 |
| impact of climate change on the small mammal community of the yukon boreal forest. | long-term monitoring is critical to determine the stability and sustainability of wildlife populations, and if change has occurred, why. we have followed population density changes in the small mammal community in the boreal forest of the southern yukon for 46 years with density estimates by live trapping on 3-5 unmanipulated grids in spring and autumn. this community consists of 10 species and was responsible for 9% of the energy flow in the herbivore component of this ecosystem from 1986 to 19 ... | 2019 | 30983064 |
| geographic patterns in morphometric and genetic variation for coyote populations with emphasis on southeastern coyotes. | prior to 1900, coyotes (canis latrans) were restricted to the western and central regions of north america, but by the early 2000s, coyotes became ubiquitous throughout the eastern united states. information regarding morphological and genetic structure of coyote populations in the southeastern united states is limited, and where data exist, they are rarely compared to those from other regions of north america. we assessed geographic patterns in morphology and genetics of coyotes with special co ... | 2019 | 30962900 |
| effects of narrow linear clearings on movement and habitat use in a boreal forest mammal community during winter. | linear clearings for human activities cause internal fragmentation of otherwise intact native forest, with many potential impacts on wildlife. across a boreal forest region of some 4,000 km2, we investigated how movements and habitat use of ecologically different mammal species are affected by narrow (about eight m) seismic line (sl) clearings associated with fossil fuel extraction, which form extensive networks many kilometers long. we conducted nine repeat snow track surveys during three winte ... | 2019 | 30828496 |
| urbanization alters predator-avoidance behaviours. | urbanization is considered the fastest growing form of global land-use change and can dramatically modify habitat structure and ecosystem functioning. while ecological processes continue to operate within cities, urban ecosystems are profoundly different from their more natural counterparts. thus, ecological predictions derived from more natural ecosystems are rarely generalizable to urban environments. in this study, we used data from a large-scale and long-term camera trap project in chicago i ... | 2019 | 30822366 |
| . . . and wile e. coyote caught the road runner. | | 2019 | 30776936 |
| taking the bait: species taking oral rabies vaccine baits intended for raccoons. | raccoon rabies in eastern usa is managed by strategically distributing oral rabies vaccine (orv) baits. the attractiveness, palativity, density, and non-target species bait take affect orv effectiveness. we examined raccoon and non-target species differences in investigating/removing fish-meal polymer and coated sachet baits applied to simulate two aerial bait distribution densities. bait densities of 150 baits/km2 and 75 baits/km2 were evaluated, respectively, in zones expected to have high and ... | 2019 | 30737717 |
| a forensic pathology investigation of dismembered domestic cats: coyotes or cults? | dismembered cats ( felis catus) have been found in north american schoolyards, parks, walkways, or lawns and sometimes result in local media attention. when a member of the public encounters these cats, they commonly report finding either the cranial or caudal half of a cat in a prominent location. such findings cause public consternation and pose difficulties to investigators in identifying whether animal abuse has occurred and whether to concentrate resources on the investigation. this report ... | 2019 | 30722758 |
| addressing research needs in the field of plant virus ecology by defining knowledge gaps and developing wild dicot study systems. | viruses are ubiquitous within all habitats that support cellular life and represent the most important emerging infectious diseases of plants. despite this, it is only recently that we have begun to describe the ecological roles of plant viruses in unmanaged systems and the influence of ecosystem properties on virus evolution. we now know that wild plants frequently harbor infections by diverse virus species, but much remains to be learned about how viruses influence host traits and how hosts in ... | 2018 | 30687284 |
| comparative ecology of bartonella and brucella infections in wild carnivores. | phylogenetic sister clades bartonella and brucella within the order rhizobiales present some common biological characteristics as well as evident differences in adaptations to their mammalian reservoirs. we reviewed published data on bartonella and brucella infections in wild carnivores to compare the ecology of these bacteria in relatively similar host environments. arthropod vectors are the main mechanism for bartonella species transmission between mammalian hosts. the role of arthropods in tr ... | 2018 | 30662899 |
| high genomic diversity and candidate genes under selection associated with range expansion in eastern coyote (canis latrans) populations. | range expansion is a widespread biological process, with well-described theoretical expectations associated with the colonization of novel ranges. however, comparatively few empirical studies address the genomic outcomes accompanying the genome-wide consequences associated with the range expansion process, particularly in recent or ongoing expansions. here, we assess two recent and distinct eastward expansion fronts of a highly mobile carnivore, the coyote (canis latrans), to investigate pattern ... | 2018 | 30619570 |
| corrigendum to 'detecting co-infections of echinococcus multilocularis and echinococcus canadensis in coyotes and red foxes in alberta, canada using real-time pcr' [ijp: parasites and wildlife 7 (2018) 111-115]. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.03.001.]. | 2018 | 30568877 |
| public acceptability of development in the northern forest of vermont, usa-the influence of wildlife information, recreation involvement, and demographic characteristics. | increasing development such as roads and houses will alter future landscapes and result in biological, social, and economic trade-offs. managing development requires information on the public's acceptability of development and understanding which factors shape acceptability. in this study, we examined three questions: 1) what is the public's acceptability of development? 2) is acceptability of development influenced by wildlife information? and 3) is the maximum amount of acceptable development ... | 2018 | 30557372 |
| rediscovery of red wolf ghost alleles in a canid population along the american gulf coast. | rediscovering species once thought to be extinct or on the edge of extinction is rare. red wolves have been extinct along the american gulf coast since 1980, with their last populations found in coastal louisiana and texas. we report the rediscovery of red wolf ghost alleles in a canid population on galveston island, texas. we analyzed over 7000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in 60 canid representatives from all legally recognized north american canis species and two phenotypically ambig ... | 2018 | 30544757 |
| population genomic analysis of north american eastern wolves (canis lycaon) supports their conservation priority status. | the threatened eastern wolf is found predominantly in protected areas of central ontario and has an evolutionary history obscured by interbreeding with coyotes and gray wolves, which challenges its conservation status and subsequent management. here, we used a population genomics approach to uncover spatial patterns of variation in 281 canids in central ontario and the great lakes region. this represents the first genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) dataset with substantial sample s ... | 2018 | 30518163 |
| first report of angiostrongylus vasorum in coyotes in mainland north america. | | 2018 | 30514743 |
| evaluation of an automated magnetic bead-based dna extraction and real-time pcr in fecal samples as a pre-screening test for detection of echinococcus multilocularis and echinococcus canadensis in coyotes. | efficient and sensitive diagnostic tools are essential for the study of the eco-epidemiology of echinococcus species. we evaluated an automated magnetic bead-based dna extraction commercial kit followed by qpcr (mb-qpcr), for the detection of echinococcus multilocularis and echinococcus canadensis in coyote (canis latrans) fecal samples. the diagnostic sensitivity was determined by validating the method against the scraping, filtration, and counting technique (sfct) for samples collected in cana ... | 2019 | 30415395 |
| prey abundance and urbanization influence the establishment of avian predators in a metropolitan landscape. | urbanization causes the simplification of natural habitats, resulting in animal communities dominated by exotic species with few top predators. in recent years, however, many predators such as hawks, and in the us coyotes and cougars, have become increasingly common in urban environments. hawks in the accipiter genus, especially, are recovering from widespread population declines and are increasingly common in urbanizing landscapes. our goal was to identify factors that determine the occupancy, ... | 2018 | 30404886 |
| a novel technique for stenting in cases of refractory intracranial stenosis. | endovascular management of intracranial stenosis is one of the most controversial subjects in neurointervention. previous level 1 evidence shows superiority of medical management but more recent studies have shown improved outcomes in selective patients. we describe a case demonstrating a new method for stenting of intracranial stenosis using a single system with coyote angioplasty balloon (boston scientific) and the atlas stent (stryker). | 2020 | 31969076 |
| monitoring canid scent marking in space and time using a biologging and machine learning approach. | for canid species, scent marking plays a critical role in territoriality, social dynamics, and reproduction. however, due in part to human dependence on vision as our primary sensory modality, research on olfactory communication is hampered by a lack of tractable methods. in this study, we leverage a powerful biologging approach, using accelerometers in concert with gps loggers to monitor and describe scent-marking events in time and space. we performed a validation experiment with domestic dogs ... | 2020 | 31953418 |
| spatial ecology of coyotes in the urbanizing landscape of the cuyahoga valley, ohio. | urban landscapes can present ecological challenges for wildlife species, yet many species survive, and even thrive, near dense human populations. coyotes (canis latrans), for example, have expanded their geographic range across north america and, as a result of their adaptability and behavioral flexibility, are now a common occupant of many urban areas in the united states. we investigated the spatial ecology of 27 coyotes fitted with global positioning system (gps) telemetry collars radio-colla ... | 2019 | 31887177 |
| roads do not increase carrion use by a vertebrate scavenging community. | wildlife-vehicle collisions introduce a considerable amount of carrion into the environment, but scavenger use of this resource has not been extensively investigated. scavengers may use roads for reliable foraging opportunities, but might also use roads for other purposes and encounter carrion opportunistically. we examined scavenging of carrion along linear features by placing 52 rabbit carcasses in each of three treatments in forested habitat during winter (dec 2016-mar 2017) in south carolina ... | 2018 | 30397216 |
| seroprevalence for the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete borrelia turicatae among small and medium sized mammals of texas. | in low elevation arid regions throughout the southern united states, borrelia turicatae is the principal agent of tick-borne relapsing fever. however, endemic foci and the vertebrate hosts involved in the ecology of b. turicatae remain undefined. experimental infection studies suggest that small and medium sized mammals likely maintain b. turicatae in nature, while the tick vector is a long-lived reservoir. | 2018 | 30372445 |
| risk of environmental exposure to small coccidia from wild canid feces in rural ohio. | objective to determine the extent of environmental exposure to heteroxenous coccidia from wild canid feces in southeastern ohio. sample 285 presumed wild canid fecal samples collected across an ecological system in southeastern ohio. procedures morphological classification and molecular analysis were used to determine the canid genus for collected fecal samples. microscopic and molecular analysis were used to detect coccidian oocysts and dna. several variables were analyzed for associations with ... | 2018 | 30372156 |
| babesia conradae infection in coyote hunting dogs infected with multiple blood-borne pathogens. | babesia conradae is an intraerythrocytic piroplasm infecting dogs in the southern united states. ticks have been suspected, but unproven, as vectors. we identified b. conradae and other blood-borne pathogens in 2 kennels of sighthounds with a history of coyote fighting. | 2018 | 30307638 |
| home range size, vegetation density, and season influences prey use by coyotes (canis latrans). | to ensure reproductive success, canis species establish contiguous mosaics of territories in suitable habitats to partition space and defend limiting resources. consequently, canis species can exert strong effects on prey populations locally because of their year-round maintenance of territories. we assessed prey use by coyotes (canis latrans) by sampling scats from within known territories in southeastern alabama and the savannah river area of georgia and south carolina. we accounted for the si ... | 2018 | 30303970 |
| echinococcus in wild canids in québec (canada) and maine (usa). | zoonotic echinococcus spp. cestodes (e. canadensis and e. multilocularis) infect domestic animals, wildlife, and people in regions of canada and the usa. we recovered and quantified echinococcus spp. cestodes from 22 of 307 intestinal tracts of wild canids (23 wolves, 100 coyotes, 184 red and arctic foxes) in the state of maine and the province of québec. we identified the species and genotypes of three echinococcus spp. cestodes per infected animal by sequencing mitochondrial dna at two loci. w ... | 2018 | 30125277 |
| detecting co-infections of echinococcus multilocularis and echinococcus canadensis in coyotes and red foxes in alberta, canada using real-time pcr. | the continued monitoring of echinococcus species in intermediate and definitive hosts is essential to understand the eco-epidemiology of these parasites, as well to assess their potential impact on public health. in canada, co-infections of echinococcus canadensis and echinococcus multilocularis based on genetic characterization have been recently reported in wolves, but not yet in other possible hosts such as coyotes and foxes. in this study, we aimed to develop a quantitative real-time pcr ass ... | 2018 | 29988802 |
| treatment of suspected exertional myopathy using dantrolene in a coyote ( canis latrans). | a 3-yr-old spayed female coyote ( canis latrans) developed clinical signs of exertional myopathy after fighting with a conspecific. a diagnosis of exertional myopathy was made based on physical examination findings, probable myoglobinuria, and elevations in serum creatinine kinase activity, alanine aminotransferase activity, and potassium concentration. dantrolene, a hydantoin analog, as well as supportive and symptomatic therapies, was used to successfully treat exertional myopathy. this is the ... | 2018 | 29900791 |
| is the red wolf a listable unit under the us endangered species act? | defining units that can be afforded legal protection is a crucial, albeit challenging, step in conservation planning. as we illustrate with a case study of the red wolf (canis rufus) from the southeastern united states, this step is especially complex when the evolutionary history of the focal taxon is uncertain. the us endangered species act (esa) allows listing of species, subspecies, or distinct population segments (dpss) of vertebrates. red wolves were listed as an endangered species in 1973 ... | 2018 | 29889268 |
| mapping the expansion of coyotes (canis latrans) across north and central america. | the geographic distribution of coyotes (canis latrans) has dramatically expanded since 1900, spreading across much of north america in a period when most other mammal species have been declining. although this considerable expansion has been well documented at the state/provincial scale, continent-wide descriptions of coyote spread have portrayed conflicting distributions for coyotes prior to the 1900s, with popularly referenced anecdotal accounts showing them restricted to the great plains, and ... | 2018 | 29861647 |
| tick-borne disease risk in a forest food web. | changes to the community ecology of hosts for zoonotic pathogens, particularly rodents, are likely to influence the emergence and prevalence of zoonotic diseases worldwide. however, the complex interactions between abiotic factors, pathogens, vectors, hosts, and both food resources and predators of hosts are difficult to disentangle. here we (1) use 19 yr of data from six large field plots in southeastern new york to compare the effects of hypothesized drivers of interannual variation in lyme di ... | 2018 | 29738078 |
| size-assortative choice and mate availability influences hybridization between red wolves (canis rufus) and coyotes (canis latrans). | anthropogenic hybridization of historically isolated taxa has become a primary conservation challenge for many imperiled species. indeed, hybridization between red wolves (canis rufus) and coyotes (canis latrans) poses a significant challenge to red wolf recovery. we considered seven hypotheses to assess factors influencing hybridization between red wolves and coyotes via pair-bonding between the two species. because long-term monogamy and defense of all-purpose territories are core characterist ... | 2018 | 29721269 |
| leptospira antibodies detected in wildlife in the usa and the us virgin islands. | from 2011 to 2017, 4,534 serum samples from 13 wildlife species collected across the us and in one territory (us virgin islands) were tested for exposure to leptospira serovars bratislava, canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona. of 1,759 canids, 1,043 cervids, 23 small indian mongooses ( herpestes auropunctatus), 1,704 raccoons ( procyon lotor), and five striped skunks ( mephitis mephitis), 27.0, 44.4, 30.4, 40.8, and 60%, respectively, were antibody positive for any of ... | 2018 | 29715063 |
| spatial processes decouple management from objectives in a heterogeneous landscape: predator control as a case study. | predator control is often implemented with the intent of disrupting top-down regulation in sensitive prey populations. however, ambiguity surrounding the efficacy of predator management, as well as the strength of top-down effects of predators in general, is often exacerbated by the spatially implicit analytical approaches used in assessing data with explicit spatial structure. here, we highlight the importance of considering spatial context in the case of a predator control study in south-centr ... | 2018 | 29676861 |
| coyot1 clinic: home telemedicine increases young adult engagement in diabetes care. | young adults with type 1 diabetes (t1d) experience poor glycemic control, disengagement in care, and are often lost to the medical system well into their adult years. diabetes providers need a new approach to working with the population. the goal of this study was to determine whether an innovative shared telemedicine appointment care model (coyot1 clinic [pronounced as "coyote"; colorado young adults with t1d]) for young adults with t1d improves care engagement, satisfaction, and adherence to a ... | 2018 | 29672162 |
| challenges to controlling rabies in skunk populations using oral rabies vaccination: a review. | controlling rabies in skunk populations is an important public health concern in many parts of the united states due to the potential for skunk rabies outbreaks in urban centres and the possible role for skunks in raccoon rabies variant circulation. oral rabies vaccination (orv) programmes have supported wildlife rabies control efforts globally but using orv to control rabies in skunk populations has proven more challenging than with other target species, like foxes, coyotes and raccoons. a revi ... | 2018 | 29633545 |
| impacts of human recreation on carnivores in protected areas. | mammalian carnivores can be particularly sensitive to human disturbance, even within protected areas (pas). our objective was to understand how human disturbance affects carnivore communities in southern arizona, usa by studying habitat occupancy based on data collected using non-invasive methods in three pas with different levels of human disturbance. carnivore occupancy varied based on human disturbance variables (i.e., roads, trails, etc.). common carnivore species (coyotes, gray foxes, and b ... | 2018 | 29621335 |
| influence of free water availability on a desert carnivore and herbivore. | anthropogenic manipulation of finite resources on the landscape to benefit individual species or communities is commonly employed by conservation and management agencies. one such action in arid regions is the construction and maintenance of water developments (i.e., wildlife guzzlers) adding free water on the landscape to buttress local populations, influence animal movements, or affect distributions of certain species of interest. despite their prevalence, the utility of wildlife guzzlers rema ... | 2017 | 29491969 |
| seed ingestion and germination in rattlesnakes: overlooked agents of rescue and secondary dispersal. | seed dispersal is a key evolutionary process and a central theme in the population ecology of terrestrial plants. the primary producers of most land-based ecosystems are propagated by and maintained through various mechanisms of seed dispersal that involve both abiotic and biotic modes of transportation. by far the most common biotic seed transport mechanism is zoochory, whereby seeds, or fruits containing them, are dispersed through the activities of animals. rodents are one group of mammals th ... | 2018 | 29436500 |
| coexistence of coyotes (canis latrans) and red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in an urban landscape. | urban environments are increasing worldwide and are inherently different than their rural counterparts, with a variety of effects on wildlife due to human presence, increased habitat fragmentation, movement barriers, and access to anthropogenic food sources. effective management of urban wildlife requires an understanding of how urbanization affects their behavior and ecology. the spatial activity and interactions of urban wildlife, however, have not been as rigorously researched as in rural are ... | 2018 | 29364916 |
| echinococcus spp. tapeworms in north america. | alveolar and cystic echinococcosis are emerging and reemerging in europe, africa, and asia. the expansion of echinococcus spp. tapeworms in wildlife host reservoirs appears to be driving this emergence in some areas. recent studies suggest a similar phenomenon may be occurring in north america. we describe the context of echinococcus spp. research in north america, with a specific focus on the contiguous united states. although studies were conducted in the united states throughout the 1900s on ... | 2018 | 29350139 |
| demographic history influences spatial patterns of genetic diversityin recently expanded coyote (canis latrans) populations. | human-mediated range expansions have increased in recent decades and represent unique opportunities to evaluate genetic outcomes of establishing peripheral populations across broad expansion fronts. over the past century, coyotes (canis latrans) have undergone a pervasive range expansion and now inhabit every state in the continental united states. coyote expansion into eastern north america was facilitated by anthropogenic landscape changes and followed two broad expansion fronts. the northern ... | 2018 | 29269931 |
| dental caries in the fossil record: a window to the evolution of dietary plasticity in an extinct bear. | during the late pleistocene of north america (ā36,000 to 10,000 years ago), saber-toothed cats, american lions, dire wolves, and coyotes competed for prey resources at rancho la brea (rlb). despite the fact that the giant short-faced bear (arctodus simus) was the largest land carnivoran present in the fauna, there is no evidence that it competed with these other carnivores for prey at the site. here, for the first time, we report carious lesions preserved in specimens of a. simus, recovered from ... | 2017 | 29259277 |
| setting an evolutionary trap: could the hider strategy be maladaptive for white-tailed deer? | an evolutionary trap occurs when an organism makes a formerly adaptive decision that now results in a maladaptive outcome. such traps can be induced by anthropogenic environmental changes, with nonnative species introductions being a leading cause. the recent establishment of coyotes (canis latrans) into the southeastern usa has the potential to change white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) population dynamics through direct predation and behavioral adaptation. we used movement rate and beds ... | 2017 | 29225404 |
| genome-wide analysis of the diversity and ancestry of korean dogs. | there are various hypotheses on dog domestication based on archeological and genetic studies. although many studies have been conducted on the origin of dogs, the existing literature about the ancestry, diversity, and population structure of korean dogs is sparse. therefore, this study is focused on the origin, diversity and population structure of korean dogs. the study sample comprised four major categories, including non-dogs (coyotes and wolves), ancient, modern and korean dogs. selected sam ... | 2017 | 29182674 |
| rancher-reported efficacy of lethal and non-lethal livestock predation mitigation strategies for a suite of carnivores. | pastoralists have dealt with livestock losses from predators for millennia, yet effective mitigation strategies that balance wildlife conservation and sustainable agriculture are still needed today. in wyoming, usa, 274 ranchers responded to a retrospective survey, and rated the efficacy of predation mitigation strategies for foxes, dogs, coyotes, wolves, bobcats, mountain lions, bears, and birds (buzzards, eagles, hawks, ravens). rancher reported efficacy of mitigation varied by predator specie ... | 2017 | 29074881 |
| single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites in the canine glutathione s-transferase pi 1 (gstp1) gene promoter. | genetic polymorphisms within the glutathione s-transferase p1 (gstp1) gene affect the elimination of toxic xenobiotics by the gstp1 enzyme. in dogs, exposure to environmental chemicals that may be gstp1 substrates is associated with cancer. the objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic variability in the gstp1 promoter in a diverse population of 278 purebred dogs, compare the incidence of any variants found between breeds, and predict their effects on gene expression. to provide i ... | 2017 | 29046813 |
| examining spatial patterns of selection and use for an altered predator guild. | anthropogenic disturbances have altered species' distributions potentially impacting interspecific interactions. interference competition is when one species denies a competing species access to a resource. one mechanism of interference competition is aggression, which can result in altered space-use of a subordinate species due to the threat of harm, otherwise known as a 'landscape of fear'. alternatively, subordinates might outcompete dominant species in resource-poor environments via a superi ... | 2017 | 29038862 |
| levels of plasma and fecal glucocorticoid metabolites following an acth challenge in male and female coyotes (canis latrans). | knowledge of endocrine stress responses can be advantageous for understanding how animals respond to their environment. one tool in wildlife endocrinology is to measure the adrenocortical activity as a parameter of disturbance of animals. fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (gcms) provide a noninvasive assessment of adrenocortical activity. using an adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) challenge administered to 28 captive coyotes (canis latrans), we measured the levels of plasma cortisol, and fecal c ... | 2018 | 28988304 |
| the influence of sniffing on airflow and odorant deposition in the canine nasal cavity. | nasal airflow plays a critical role in olfaction by transporting odorant from the environment to the olfactory epithelium, where chemical detection occurs. most studies of olfaction neglect the unsteadiness of sniffing and assume that nasal airflow and odorant transport are "quasi-steady," wherein reality most mammals "sniff." here, we perform computational fluid dynamics simulations of airflow and odorant deposition in an anatomically accurate model of the coyote (canis latrans) nasal cavity du ... | 2017 | 28981825 |
| do coyotes canis latrans influence occupancy of prey in suburban forest fragments? | with the extirpation of apex predators from many north american systems, coyotes canis latrans have become the de facto top predator and are ubiquitous members of most ecosystems. keystone predators aid in maintaining ecosystem function by regulating the mammal community through direct predation and instilling the landscape of fear, yet the value of coyotes regulating systems to this capacity is understudied and likely variable across environments. since coyotes are common in the midwestern unit ... | 2016 | 29491884 |
| infectious disease and red wolf conservation: assessment of disease occurrence and associated risks. | infectious diseases pose a significant threat to global biodiversity and may contribute to extinction. as such, establishing baseline disease prevalence in vulnerable species where disease could affect persistence is important to conservation. we assessed potential disease threats to endangered red wolves (canis rufus) by evaluating regional (southeastern united states) disease occurrences in mammals and parasite prevalence in red wolves and sympatric coyotes (canis latrans) in north carolina. c ... | 2015 | 32287383 |
| suspected hypertrophic osteopathy in an ancient canid: differential diagnosis of possible etiologies. | hypertrophic osteopathy (ho) has been reported in numerous mammalian species, but no reports address the range of conditions that can lead to ho, or the implications of those conditions, for archaeological diagnosis. we describe suspected ho from skeletal remains of an ancient large domestic dog recovered in iowa, usa, at the cherokee sewer site. canid remains from this site date 7430-7020calbp. the site is believed to have been a temporary, low-intensity campsite where bison were procured. over ... | 2015 | 29539440 |
| reproductive biology of the coyote (canis latrans): integration of mating behavior, reproductive hormones, and vaginal cytology. | the reproductive biology of wild canis species is often described as unique among mammals because an unusual combination of behavioral and physiological characteristics including a seasonally monestrous cycle, copulatory lock or tie, obligatory pseudopregnancy, social monogamy, and biparental care of the young. we investigated social behavior, endocrine profiles, and vaginal cytology of female coyotes (canis latrans) during 4 breeding seasons, 2000-2003. blood levels of estradiol, progesterone, ... | 2008 | 32287378 |
| components of resistance to magnaporthe grisea in 'coyote' and 'coronado' tall fescue. | the components of resistance in tall fescue to magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of gray leaf spot, were measured in growth chamber experiments. cultivars ranging in susceptibility to m. grisea were selected: 'kentucky 31' (susceptible), 'rebel iii' (moderately susceptible), 'coronado' (resistant), and 'coyote' (resistant). plants were inoculated with nine m. grisea isolates representing five clonal lineages associated with tall fescue in georgia. compared to kentucky 31, coronado and coyote ... | 2003 | 30812793 |
| sentinel coyote pathogen survey to assess declining black-footed ferret (mustela nigripes) population in south dakota, usa. | as part of the national recovery effort, endangered black-footed ferrets (mustela nigripes) were reintroduced to the cheyenne river sioux reservation in south dakota, us in 2000. despite an encouraging start, numbers of ferrets at the site have declined. in an effort to determine possible causes of the population decline, we undertook a pathogen survey in 2012 to detect exposure to west nile virus (wnv), canine distemper virus (cdv), plague (yersinia pestis), tularemia (francisella tularensis), ... | 2021 | 33822142 |