| carbonic anhydrase ii and carbonic anhydrase-related protein in the cerebellar cortex of normal and lurcher mice. | the developmental profiles of carbonic anhydrase ii (ca-ii) and a carbonic anhydrase related protein (carp) were studied in rat and mouse cerebella. enzyme histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridisation and western blotting were used to study the synthesis and expression of these enzymes in cerebellar sections from age matched control, ca-ii deficient and lurcher mice, the latter being characterised by purkinje cell degeneration. both ca-ii and carp were first found to be expressed ... | 1997 | 9027408 |
| immunogenetics of disease resistance in fish: a comparative approach. | the study of the genetic regulation of infectious disease resistance depends on the availability of inbred lines or selection lines of the species under investigation. the small numbers of such lines of fish has limited the strategy in teleosts to studies of associations between disease and immune/health traits. attempts to correlate genetic differences in immune responsiveness with survival after experimental challenge with pathogenic bacteria have failed to define immune parameters that can su ... | 1996 | 9040980 |
| carp, a cardiac ankyrin repeat protein, is downstream in the nkx2-5 homeobox gene pathway. | to identify the molecular pathways that guide cardiac ventricular chamber specification, maturation and morphogenesis, we have sought to characterize factors that regulate the expression of the ventricular myosin light chain-2 gene, one of the earliest markers of ventricular regionalization during mammalian cardiogenesis. previously, our laboratory identified a 28 bp hf-la/mef-2 element in the mlc-2v promoter region, which confers cardiac ventricular chamber-specific gene expression during murin ... | 1997 | 9043061 |
| a collagenolytic streptomycete. | a soil streptomycete (streptomyces sp. a11) degraded collagen isolated from bovine achilles tendon, calf skin, human placenta, carp swim bladder and rat tail tendon and released appreciable quantities of hydroxyproline. it also degraded hide powder and vegetable tanned leather. the organism was taxonomically characterized, compared with allied species, identified and designated as streptomyces wartii. | 1996 | 9055634 |
| growth hormone deficiency associated in the 18q deletion syndrome. | the 18q- syndrome is one of the commonest deletion syndromes. clinical characteristics are variable but may include: hypotonia, tapered digits, "carp-like" mouth, mental retardation, and hearing impairment. growth failure (gf; both weight and height < 3%) was reported in 80% of affected individuals. we evaluated growth hormone (gh) sufficiency in 5 18q- syndrome patients, 3 of whom had growth failure (< 3% weight and height); the remaining 2 had normal growth parameters. laboratory evaluation of ... | 1997 | 9066876 |
| gonadotrophs but not somatotrophs carry gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptors: receptor localisation, intracellular calcium, and gonadotrophin and gh release. | gonadotrophs are the primary target cells for gnrh in the pituitary. however, during a limited period of neonatal life in the rat, lactotrophs and somatotrophs respond to gnrh as well. also, in the adults of a number of teleost fishes (e.g. carp, goldfish, and tilapia but not trout), gnrh is a potent gh secretagogue. in studying hypophysiotrophic actions of the two forms of gnrh present in the african catfish (clarias gariepinus), chicken gnrh-ii ([his5,trp7,tyr8]gnrh; cgnrh-ii) and catfish gnrh ... | 1997 | 9071965 |
| production of amylase by the intestinal microflora in cultured freshwater fish. | the amylase-producing ability of the intestinal microflora in cultured specimens of ayu, carp, channel catfish, japanese eel and tilapia was determined. mean viable counts of aerobes and anaerobes ranged from 1.1 x 10(6) to 3.7 x 10(8) cfu g-1 and from 1.3 x 10(3) to 1.6 x 10(8) cfu g-1, respectively. aeromonas spp. and bacteroidaceae were predominant in four to five fish species. of 206 strains examined, 65 (31.6%) produced > or = 0.01 u amylase ml-1. the percentage of producers differed among ... | 1997 | 9081303 |
| identification and estimation of microcystins in freshwater mussels. | accumulation of microcystins mainly produced by cyanobacteria microcystis was investigated for freshwater mussels and fishes collected from a lake where heavy blooms of microcystis occurred every year. the identification of microcystins was performed by hplc equipped with a frit fab mass spectrometer. microcystins lr and rr were identified in the mussels unio douglasiae and anadonta woodiana, whereas no microcystin was identified by the present method in fishes, such as cyprinus carpio, carassiu ... | 1997 | 9086457 |
| insulin and insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) binding in fish red muscle: regulation by high insulin levels. | insulin and igf-i binding to semi-purified red muscle receptors was characterized in brown trout, salmo trutta and the common carp. cyprinus carpio. the yield of glycoprotein obtained after semipurification of receptors with wga-agarose affinity chromatography in microgram g-1 initial tissue was 210.6 +/- 21 micrograms g-1 in trout and 108.5 +/- 2.5 micrograms g-1 in carp. igf-i specific binding (4.72 +/- 0.64%/10 micrograms glycoprotein) was 4-5-times higher than insulin binding (1.04 +/- 0.12% ... | 1997 | 9100285 |
| the cdna sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit via from carp and rainbow trout suggest the absence of isoforms in fishes. | the cdnas of subunit via of cytochrome c oxidase from rainbow trout liver and carp heart are presented, revealing 82% identity of their deduced amino acid sequences. the two cdnas are evolutionary equally distant from the livertype (vial) and heart-type (viah) of mammalian subunit via. the data suggest that in ectotherm fishes no isoforms of subunit via occur, and that the postulated tissue-specific mechanism of thermogenesis in mammals, based on interaction of atp with subunit viah (frank, v. a ... | 1997 | 9107314 |
| perceptual brightness space in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | an instrumental differentiation method was used to study the discrimination of the intensities of black/white (over the range 0.0082-0.214 w/m2; coordinates in the cie-31 system: x = 0.340, y = 0.354) and red (over the range 0.0035-0.106 w/m2; coordinates in the cie-31 system: x = 0.641, y = 0.342) stimuli in two carp fish (cyprinus carpio l.). confusion matrices were constructed using the probabilities of instrumental responses (bead seizing) on selection from a pair of stimuli (a conditioned s ... | 1997 | 9109111 |
| recombinant gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) insulin-like growth factor-i: subcloning, expression in escherichia coli, purification and characterization. | gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) insulin-like growth factor-i (gsigf-i) cdna coding for the mature protein was cloned in a pgem-3z vector, and then transferred into prokaryotic expression vector pet-11a and expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3) cells upon induction with isopropyl thiogalactoside. the expressed protein contained within the inclusion-body pellet was solubilized in 4.5 m urea, refolded for 24 h at ph 11.3 in the presence of catalytic amounts of cysteine and purified to over 98% ... | 1997 | 9135579 |
| flow cytometric determination of intracellular free potassium concentration. | a flow cytometric assay has been developed for determination of intracellular free potassium concentration ([k+]i). investigated cells, loaded with the fluorescent ph indicator 2',7bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (bcecf), are incubated in the presence of nigericin, and the intracellular ph is measured. the ionophore maintains the same ratio value [h+]/[k+] on both sides of the cytoplasmic membrane, so [k+]i can be evaluated from the measured intracellular ph (phi) and the known ... | 1997 | 9136754 |
| characterization of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-i ovarian receptors during the reproductive cycle of carp (cyprinus carpio). | insulin and insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) receptors were characterized in glycoprotein fractions prepared by wheat germ agglutinin-agarose affinity chromatography from the ovaries of carp. insulin-specific overall binding in carp ovaries was 6- to 11-fold lower than igf-i binding (2.7 +/- 0.48% vs. 22.8 +/- 3.6% per 20 microg glycoprotein). cold igf-i displaced radiolabeled igf-i binding in doses 1000- to 3000-fold lower than cold insulin. on the other hand, cold insulin displaced radiola ... | 1997 | 9160710 |
| the in vitro effect of khawia sinensis on leucocyte activity in carp (cyprinus carpio). | the interactions between khawia sinensis (cestoda: caryophyllidea), a pathogenic tapeworm of carp, and host leucocytes has been investigated in vitro by monitoring blastogenesis in pronephric, splenic and thymic lymphocytes and apoptosis of pronephric leucocytes. both parasite homogenate and excretory/secretory (e/s) products were found to suppress lymphocyte blastogenesis at high concentrations (346.6-98.8 microg ml-1) whilst cell stimulation occurred at low concentrations (49.4-19.8 microg ml- ... | 1997 | 9166442 |
| [a comparative study of the morphofunctional changes in the thyroid of carp and rats as a result of being in an environment with an elevated lead level]. | it has been noticed that the morphofunctional organization of the thyroid gland is similar in representatives of two different classes of vertebrates: in fishes and in rats. exposure of experimental animals to ecological factors with increased lead levels was followed by a phase response (activation, depression) of various structural elements of the thyroid gland. obvious differences in morphofunctional mechanisms of adaptation to chemical stress factors in fishes and rats were found. a possible ... | 1997 | 9173625 |
| reciprocal translocation 4;11 with both adjacent-1 segregants viable within a family. | we describe a family carrying a balanced 4;11 translocation in which both adjacent-1 segregants are viable. the proband had an unbalanced karyotype: 46,xy,der(11)t(4;11)(q34.3;q23.1)mat. at 8.5 years of age he showed trigonocephaly, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, down-slanting palpebral fissures, low-set ears, anteverted nares, down-turned carp-shaped mouth, and bilateral fifth finger clinodactyly. his maternal aunt was also dysmorphic with high-arched palate, short philtrum and mild developme ... | 1997 | 9184247 |
| comparative studies on omega-hydroxylation of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-triol in the mitochondrial and microsomal fraction of the liver from several vertebrates. | the activity and the stereospecificity of omega-hydroxylation, a hydroxylation at one of the two terminal methyl groups of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-triol, which is thought to be the first step in side-chain degradation resulting in the formation of cholic acid, was elucidated in mitochondria and microsomes of the liver from several evolutionarily primitive vertebrates, fish, frogs, turtles, and chickens in addition to such mammals as rats. hamsters, and rabbits. the detection ... | 1997 | 9185292 |
| sequence characterization of gamma-crystallins from lip shark (chiloscyllium colax): existence of two cdnas encoding gamma-crystallins of mammalian and teleostean classes. | gamma-crystallin is a common lens protein of most vertebrate eye lenses and the major protein component in lenses of fishes and in many mammalian species during embryonic and neonatal stages. to facilitate the structural characterization of gamma-crystallin possessing extensive charge heterogeneity, a cdna mixture was constructed from the poly(a)+ mrna isolated from shark eye lenses, and amplification by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was carried out to obtain cdnas encoding multiple shark gamm ... | 1997 | 9188069 |
| rhabdovirus-induced apoptosis in a fish cell line is inhibited by a human endogenous acid cysteine proteinase inhibitor. | to determine the mechanisms of cell death in rhabdovirus-infected cells, we studied the infection of the epithelial papilloma of carp cell line with spring viremia of carp virus. studies using electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and agarose gel electrophoresis revealed changes in cell morphology and dna fragmentation indicative of apoptosis. the virus-induced apoptosis was inhibited in cells treated with a human endogenous acid cysteine proteinase inhibitor. | 1997 | 9188644 |
| temperature modulation of the response of ig-positive cells to goussia carpelli (protozoa: apicomplexa) infections in carp, cyprinus carpio l. | the influence of temperature on the kinetics of immunoglobulin-positive (ig+) leukocytes in cell suspensions prepared from the pronephros and the intestine of common carp cyprinus carpio during the development of goussia carpelli, a gut-dwelling coccidian parasite, was examined. the development of the parasite was temperature dependent. at 20 c, oocysts were formed 2-3 wk postexposure (pb), at 15 c for 3-4 wk pe, and at 12 c for 5-6 wk pe. at all 3 temperatures, changes of relative numbers of ig ... | 1997 | 9194823 |
| isolation of transforming growth factor-beta2 cdna from a fish, cyprinus carpio by rt-pcr. | transforming growth factors-beta (tgf-betas) have been described in many vertebrate species of amphibians, aves and mammals. in this report we demonstrate the presence of tgf-beta2 in pisces. tgf-beta2 has been cloned from a fish, cyprinus carpio, by rt-pcr using degenerate oligonucleotide primers. sequence analysis of the amplified product and alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence with the human tgf-beta2 amino acid sequence revealed 81% and 93% identity in the precursor and the mature r ... | 1997 | 9210595 |
| activator effect of coinjected enhancers on the muscle-specific expression of promoters in zebrafish embryos. | the transient expression of reporter gene constructs in embryos provides a powerful tool to characterise cis-acting transcriptional elements of the genes involved in development. in the present study, we have analysed the expression pattern of several muscle-specific and ubiquitous regulatory sequences in microinjected zebrafish embryos. by using a fast and reproducible coinjection strategy, the mosaic expression of lacz reporter gene was monitored in wholemount embryos injected with sequences c ... | 1997 | 9211424 |
| an important developmental role for oligosaccharides during early embryogenesis of cyprinid fish. | derivatives of chitin oligosaccharides have been shown to play a role in plant organogenesis at nanomolar concentrations. here we present data which indicate that chitin oligosaccharides are important for embryogenesis in vertebrates. we characterize chitin oligosaccharides synthesized in vitro by zebrafish and carp embryos in the late gastrulation stage by incorporation of radiolabeled n-acetyl-d-[u14c]glucosamine and by hplc in combination with enzymatic conversion using the bradyrhizobium nod ... | 1997 | 9223299 |
| cloning and sequencing of a full-length sea bream (sparus aurata) beta-actin cdna. | a full-length cdna clone encoding beta-actin (beta-actin) was isolated from a sea bream (sparus aurata) liver cdna library. sequencing of this clone reveals an open reading frame encoding a 375 amino acid protein that shares a high degree of conservation to other known actins. the sea bream beta-actin sequence showed 98% identity to carp and human beta-actin and 95% and 94% identity to sea squirt and dictyostelium cytoplasmic actins, respectively. | 1997 | 9226879 |
| the 102 kda chicken liver acid phosphatase: dimeric structure, glycoprotein nature and immunological properties. | in this study we isolated a highly purified, homogeneous high molecular weight (hmw) acpase (mr 102 kda) from the chicken liver. this enzyme was shown to be a slightly acidic (pi 5.0-6.1), dimeric sialoglycoenzyme, composed of two equivalent subunits. its sugar moiety, characterized by interactions with specific lectins, was shown to be composed of hybrid and complex type of carbohydrate chains. heterogeneity of the high molecular weight acpase arising from variations of the sugar components was ... | 1997 | 9226888 |
| inhibitory effects of microcystis aeruginosa toxin on ion pumps of the gill of freshwater fish. | a microsomal fraction enriched in ion pump enzymes was isolated from the gill of the carp (cyprinus carpio linneo). mg(2+)-dependent (na+ + k+), na+, hco3- and ca(2+)-stimulated atpase activities were studied following treatment with microcystin-lr-like toxin, the major toxic component isolated from microcystis aeruginosa culture. these enzyme activities were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. the maximum inhibition of each enzyme, induced with nm concentration of the toxin, was similar to th ... | 1994 | 9237344 |
| elimination of pcbs from heavily contaminated carp (cyprinus carpio l) in clean water-depuration study. | | 1997 | 9256400 |
| immunization with bacterial antigens: infections with motile aeromonads. | motile aeromonads are a heterogeneous group of organisms which are involved in a number of disease syndromes of warm water fish. they are commonly associated with bacterial haemorrhagic septicaemia, infectious dropsy, red mouth disease, ulcerative conditions etc. a variety of factors has been considered to be associated with virulence including haemolysins, proteases, surface array protein, acetylcholinesterase etc. we have studied the immune response of indian major carps to antigens of motile ... | 1997 | 9270842 |
| a novel cardiac-restricted target for doxorubicin. carp, a nuclear modulator of gene expression in cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes. | doxorubicin (dox), a cardiotoxic antineoplastic drug, disrupts the cardiac-specific program of gene expression (kurabayashi, m., dutta, s., jeyaseelan, r., and kedes, l. (1995) mol. cell. biol. 15, 6386-6397; jeyaseelan, r., poizat, c., wu, h. y., and kedes, l. (1997) j. biol. chem. 272, 5828-5832). to determine whether this drug might interfere with the function of cardiac-specific regulatory pathways, we used a differential display strategy to clone from neonatal rat cardiomyocyte candidate mr ... | 1997 | 9278441 |
| [temperature dependence of the kinetics of renaturation of partially denatured collagen]. | by the method of optical activity it has been studied the temperature dependence of the triple helical refolding process of partially denatured collagen from the skin and swim bladder of the mirror carp, and also that of the rat skin. it is shown that reducing the renaturation temperature the triple helical refolding rate increases and is in perfect agreement with the earlier observed fact [1,2]. the temperature coefficient of the reaction rate in the investigated region of temperatures remains ... | 1997 | 9296618 |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone-releasing activity of urotensin i and its fragments in vitro. | adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth)-releasing activity of synthetic carp urotensin i (ui) and its ten synthetic fragments were examined using cultured rat pituitary cells. both ui(1-41) and rat crf (rcrf) increased acth release in a similar fashion at a concentration range from 10 pm to 100 nm. the potency of ui(1-41) was about one seventh that of rcrf on a molar basis. four of ten ui fragments, ui(1-36), ui(4-36), ui(6-36) and ui(1-19) showed relatively strong acth-releasing activity, whereas bo ... | 1997 | 9309581 |
| the effect of selenium on antioxidant system in erythrocytes and liver of the carp (cyprinus carpio l.) | the effect of selenium-supplemented diet (sodium selenate and selenium yeast) on antioxidant in erythrocytes and liver of the carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fingerlings was studied. with this goal, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px), catalase (cat), superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione reductase (gr) and glutathione-s-transferase (gst), as well as glutathione (gsh + gssg) level, were determined. in the group supplemented with sodium selenate, no significant changes in the activity o ... | 1997 | 9315433 |
| characterization of macrophages and neutrophilic granulocytes from the pronephros of carp (cyprinus carpio) | to analyse the functional activity of different leucocyte types, carp pronephros cells were separated on percoll density gradients and by use of fluorescence-activated cell sorting. cell populations were characterised by light and electron microscopy and by flow cytometry. fractions enriched in macrophages and neutrophilic granulocytes were subsequently analysed for phagocytic activity in vitro by quantification of the uptake of escherichia coli bacteria or yeast cells, and for respiratory burst ... | 1994 | 9317515 |
| kinetics of chloride transport across fish red blood cell membranes | the continuous flow tube method was used to investigate the kinetics of chloride transport, and its potential oxygenation-dependency, in red blood cells (rbcs) from four teleost fish species and man. a significant interspecific variation in cl- transport kinetics was found. at 15 °c, the rate constant k for unidirectional 36cl- efflux was significantly lower in rbcs from eel and carp than in rbcs from rainbow trout and atlantic cod. the values of k of cod rbcs at 15 °c and of human rbcs ... | 1995 | 9320152 |
| complementation analysis of carotenogenic mutants of mucor circinelloides. | mutants of the filamentous fungus mucor circinelloides altered in the synthesis of beta-carotene (genotype car) have been isolated by direct inspection of the color shown by the colonies derived from mutagenized spores. the mutants were analyzed for the carotenoid content in darkness and light and studied with respect to complementation in heterokaryons made by spheroplast fusion. the results revealed the existence of at least four complementation groups. the carb mutants are white and accumulat ... | 1997 | 9344628 |
| long-term recovery of macrobenthos and fish assemblages after water pollution abatement measures in the river petite baïse (france). | riverine ecosystems are subject to a large variety of man-made influences, and in recent years a new public awareness of the need to protect rivers has emerged within the industrialized world. the present study focuses on the effect of abatement of pollution from one factory on the recovery of fish and macroinvertebrate species richness in the river petite baïse over a 20-year period (1973-1993). until 1973, the petite baïse (75 km in length) received not only factory waste (nitrogenous rich eff ... | 1997 | 9353205 |
| characterization of gamma s-crystallin isoforms from lip shark (chiloscyllium colax): evolutionary comparison between gamma s and beta/gamma crystallins. | gamma s-crystallin from shark eye lenses, formerly termed beta s crystallin in mammalian lenses, is structurally characterized in this study by cdna cloning and sequencing. to facilitate sequence characterization of gamma s-crystallin possessing intermediate structural properties between beta- and gamma-crystallins, cdna mixture was constructed from the poly(a)+ mrna isolated from shark eye lenses, and amplification by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was carried out to obtain nucleotide segments ... | 1997 | 9367880 |
| head-to-head linkage of carp alpha- and beta-globin genes. | the alpha- and beta-globin gene variants are believed to have diverged from a single ancestral globin gene, and the divergence was primed by the duplication of the ancestral globin gene. to understand the process of gene duplication, we investigated the alpha- and beta-globin gene arrangement of a bony fish (carp). from a southern analysis of seven previously prepared lambda phage clones (lambdacg1-7) using radio-labelled alpha- or beta-globin gene probes, it was found that the clones included b ... | 1997 | 9396629 |
| expression of titin isoforms in red and white muscle fibres of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) exposed to different sarcomere strains during swimming. | titin (also known as connectin) is a striated-muscle-specific protein that spans the distance between the z- and m-lines of the sarcomere. the elastic segment of the titin molecule in the i-band is thought to be responsible for developing passive tension and for maintaining the central position of thick filaments in contracting sarcomeres. different muscle types express isoforms of titin that differ in their molecular mass. to help to elucidate the relation between the occurrence of titin isofor ... | 1997 | 9404015 |
| identification and spatial distribution of the mrna encoding the gp49 component of the gilthead sea bream, sparus aurata, egg envelope. | a cdna encoding the precursor of one of the major components of gilthead sea bream, sparus aurata, egg envelope has been cloned by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) techniques. the clone was isolated starting from total rna extracted from the liver of spawning female fish and estradiol-17 beta-treated male fish. sequence analysis revealed that the cdna encoded a protein of 405 aa corresponding to 49-kda component (termed gp49), a glycoprotein belonging to the n-linked type ... | 1998 | 9406196 |
| development of neuropeptide y innervation in the liver. | hepatic neuropeptide y (npy) innervation was studied by immunohistochemistry in various mature vertebrates including the eel, carp, bullfrog, turtle, chicken, mouse, rat, guinea pig, dog, monkey, and human. in addition, an ontogenetic study on hepatic npy was made in developing mice and guinea pigs. in all species examined except the eel, npy-like immunoreactivity was detected in nerve fibers. in the carp, bullfrog, turtle, chicken, mouse, and rat, npy-positive fibers were distributed around the ... | 1997 | 9407546 |
| susceptibility of several species of cyprinidae and salmonidae freshwater fish to larval gnathostoma nipponicum infection. | susceptibility of five species of cyprinidae and salmonidae freshwater fish to the early third-stage larvae (eal3) and advanced third-stage larvae (adl3) of gnathostoma nipponicum infection were examined. two fish species inoculated orally with eal3 were infected, and adl3 were recovered from them with rate of 21.0% in tribolodon hakonensis and 0.5% in cyprinus carpio at 30 days postinoculation (pi). attempts to infect five fish species with adl3 were all successful. the recovery rate of adl3 wa ... | 1997 | 9409521 |
| neuroendocrine regulation of gonadotrophin ii release and gonadal growth in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the goldfish, a member of the carp family, is a widely used model for reproductive neuroendocrine studies of economically important fish. the two gonadotrophin (gth) molecules released from the fish anterior pituitary, gth-i and gth-ii, are structurally similar to tetrapod fsh and lh, respectively. gonadotrophin ii is the best studied, and in goldfish stimulates gonadal growth and steroidogenesis, ovulation and sperm release. growth hormone also has gonadotrophic actions in fish which enhance go ... | 1997 | 9414466 |
| cadmium bioaccumulation in carp (cyprinus carpio) tissues during long-term high exposure: analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. | this work was an attempt to investigate cadmium bioaccumulation in the carp (cyprinus carpio) during simulated pollution. the fish, weighing 100 g, were kept for 140 days in a 1000-liter indoor concrete tank supplied with a continuous flow (8 liters min-1) of unchlorinated, aerated, and filtered well water, the cadmium concentration of which was maintained at 450 microg liter-1. such a high cadmium concentration was chosen to achieve metal saturation of the fish organs. carp were fed during expo ... | 1997 | 9417855 |
| genomic organization and characterization of the promoter region of the round-spotted pufferfish (tetraodon fluviatilis) jak1 kinase gene. | seventeen kilobases of genomic dna containing the promoter and the coding region of the round-spotted pufferfish jak1 gene was isolated and completely sequenced. this gene consists of 25 exons and 24 introns spanning about 13.5 kb, compared to > 30kb in carp jak1 gene. primer extension analysis revealed one transcription initiation site which was 376 bp upstream of the translation initiation site. the sequence of the 2.9 kb region upstream of the transcription initiation site contains numerous p ... | 1998 | 9434151 |
| ca2+-atpase activity and ca2+ uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum in fish heart: effects of thermal acclimation. | this study was designed to compare the activities of sarcoplasmic (sr) ca2+-atpase and ca2+ uptake in fish and mammalian hearts and to determine whether thermal acclimation has any effect on the function of the cardiac sr in fish. to this end, we measured thapsigargin-sensitive ca2+-atpase activity and thapsigargin-inhibitable ca2+ uptake velocity in crude cardiac homogenates of newborn and adult rats and of two teleost fish (crucian carp and rainbow trout) acclimated to low (4 degrees c) and hi ... | 1998 | 9438828 |
| partial purification and characterization of six transglutaminases from ordinary muscles of various fishes and marine invertebrates. | six transglutaminases were prepared from ordinary muscles of scallop (patinopecten yessoensis), botan shrimp (pandalus nipponensis), squid (todarodes pacificus), carp (cyprinus carpio), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and atka mackerel (pleurogrammus azonus), and their physicochemical and enzymatic properties were compared with each other. the km value of carp transglutaminase for monodansyl cadaverine, a kind of primary amines, was 0.33 mm, while the other enzymes had km values of 0.01-0.0 ... | 1997 | 9440224 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel bioactive peptide, carassius rfamide (c-rfa), from the brain of the japanese crucian carp. | a novel bioactive peptide with the c-terminal rfamide was isolated from the brain of the japanese crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii, by using the intestine of the fish as the bioassay system. the primary structure of the peptide was determined to be speidpfwyvgrgvrpigrfamide and it was designated carassius rfamide (c-rfa). the sequence of c-rfa was found to be significantly homologous to the molluscan neuropeptide termed achatina cardioexcitatory peptide 1 (acep-1). both peptides have ... | 1998 | 9446813 |
| metagonimus miyatai sp. nov. (digenea: heterophyidae), a new intestinal trematode transmitted by freshwater fishes in japan and korea. | metagonimus miyatai n. sp. (digenea: heterophyidae) is described based on adult flukes collected from experimental dogs and hamsters fed with metacercariae encysted in the sweetfish, plecoglossus altivelis, dace, tribolodon hakonensis and t. taczanowskii, common fat-minnow, morocco steindachneri, pale chub, zacco platypus, and dark chub, zacco temmincki, and on those collected from naturally infected humans. the new species was morphologically compared with m. yokogawai and m. takahashii obtaine ... | 1997 | 9446902 |
| precocious onset of spermatogenesis in juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio l., teleostei) following treatment with low doses of l-thyroxine. | two strains of carp (cyprinus carpio l.), a heterogenic and an all male isogeneic, were used as experimental models to assess the effects of low doses of l-thyroxine (t4) on testicular development in juvenile fish. in four experiments (two with each strain) precocious onset of spermatogenesis was induced following exposure to 15 micrograms t4 l-1, but not to 8 micrograms or 30 micrograms t4 l-1. no significant increase in body weight and testis diameter (week 16 excepted) or numbers of primary s ... | 1997 | 9455661 |
| regulation of carab expression in escherichia coli occurs in part through utp-sensitive reiterative transcription. | in escherichia coli, expression of the carab operon is subject to cumulative repression, which occurs by argr-mediated repression at a downstream promoter, p2, and by pyrimidine-mediated regulation at an upstream promoter, p1. in this study, we show that pyrimidine-mediated regulation occurs in part through a mechanism involving utp-sensitive reiterative transcription (i.e., repetitive addition of u residues to the 3' end of a nascent transcript due to transcript-template slippage). in this case ... | 1998 | 9457878 |
| intermediate filament proteins immunologically related to cytokeratins in the oocyte of the fish cyprinus carpio. | we have used monoclonal antibodies specific for different sets of human cytokeratins and the anti-ifa (intermediate filament antigen) antibody to investigate the expression of intermediate filament proteins in the mature oocyte of the teleost cyprinus carpio. several polypeptides have been identified, showing molecular weights ranging from 43 to 65 kda. two-dimensional analysis of the immunoreactive species revealed the presence of at least six major protein spots and a series of minor component ... | 1997 | 9460904 |
| round-spotted pufferfish (tetraodon fluviatilis) snf5 gene is oriented in a tail-to-tail manner with the set gene which encodes an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2a. | the round-spotted pufferfish tetraodon fluviatilis has a genome size of 380 mb which is slightly smaller than that of another pufferfish fugu rubripes rubripes (fugu). due to its compact genome and small introns, fugu has been introduced as a model for genome studies. recently, the round-spotted pufferfish has also been proposed as a new model for genome studies because of the ease in obtaining material and high-sequence homology to that of fugu. in this study, we have cloned and characterized t ... | 1998 | 9468224 |
| the tight junctions of the leptomeningeal blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier during development. | the outer blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is formed by leptomeningeal cells of the arachnoidea. the structures underlying this barrier are tight junctions. in contrast to the tight junctions of endo- and epithelial cells, which have been investigated by means of ultrastructural as well as by molecular methodology, equivalent studies on meningeal cells are lacking. in the present study, therefore, the ultrathin section and freeze-fracture morphology of cranial leptomeningeal cells of carp, frog ... | 1997 | 9476217 |
| internalization of aeromonas hydrophila by fish epithelial cells can be inhibited with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. | aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative bacterium that is pathogenic in fish, causing motile aeromonad septicaemia. it can enter (invade) fish cells, and survive as an intracellular parasite. the host-pathogen interaction and signal transduction pathway were studied by screening signal transduction inhibitors using carp epithelial cells and a virulent strain of the bacterium, ppd134/91. genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, postponed internalization of a. hydrophila into host cells, suggesting ... | 1998 | 9493367 |
| partial characterization of a fatty acid desaturase gene in drosophila melanogaster. | the open reading frame of a gene encoding a protein homologous to vertebrate fatty acid desaturases has been characterized in drosophila melanogaster. this is the first description of a desaturase sequence in insects. two cdnas were cloned: the combined 1.5 kb nucleotide sequences indicate that the gene encodes a polypeptide of 383 amino acid residues with a high sequence similarity to the well defined delta 9 desaturases from rat and yeast and desaturases from carp and tick. the drosophila prot ... | 1997 | 9501419 |
| the carp homeobox gene ovx1 shows early expression during gastrulation and subsequently in the vagal lobe, the facial lobe and the ventral telencephalon. | the homeobox gene carp-ovx1 shows similarity to vertebrate and invertebrate ovx genes and to drosophila unplugged. its expression pattern was studied by in situ hybridization in carp embryos and juveniles. during segmentation, expression becomes gradually limited to the neural tube. in juveniles up to 9 weeks old, cells in the ventral telencephalon, the facial lobe and the vagal lobe show ovx1 expression, confining expression to parts with chemosensory projections. | 1998 | 9518526 |
| characterization of cyprinus carpio brain nitric oxide synthase. | nitric oxide synthase (nos) activity is found both in soluble and in particulate fractions of the carp brain. the km values for arginine are 2.8+/-0.5 and 3.3+/-0.4 microm for the soluble and particulate fractions, respectively. k for ng-monomethyl-l-arginine inhibitor are 2.6+/-0.5 and 2.9+/-0.6 microm, and activation energy for the breakdown of the substrate-enzyme complex 8120+/-710 and 4620+/-450 cal per mole. carp enzyme shows higher affinity than rat nos for ca2+ and for the competitive in ... | 1998 | 9530929 |
| induction of oral tolerance in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) after feeding protein antigens. | induction of oral tolerance against ferritin, recombinant surface glycoprotein of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (klg18) and ovalbumin (ova) was studied in carp. feeding of ferritin or klg18 resulted in lower ab titres compared to unprimed controls when animals were intramuscularly (i.m.) injected with protein 10 weeks later and sampled 21 days after this injection. after administration of ova by different routes (oral, anal, i.m.) and i.m. injection with ova + freund's incomplete adjuvant ... | 1997 | 9533276 |
| characterization of mboi satellites in cirrhina mrigala and clarias batrachus (pisces). | we have cloned and characterized two highly reiterated, tandemly repeated, and a+t rich mboi dna fragments, one in cirrhina mrigala (cyprinidae), with a monomer size of 266 bp, and one in clarias batrachus (clariidae), with a monomer size of 227 bp. the mboi fragment in c. mrigala is species-specific and absent in other carps, such as catla catla and labeo rohita. the mboi fragment in c. batrachus was also present in two other catfishes tested, namely clarias gariepinus and heteropneustes fossil ... | 1998 | 9549057 |
| blastomeres and cells with mesendodermal fates of carp embryos express cth1, a member of the tis11 family of primary response genes. | the carp cth1 gene, related to the mammalian tis11 family of primary response genes, encodes a novel fish protein with two putative ccch zinc fingers. this report describes the rna expression of this gene during cleavage, blastula and gastrula stages of carp embryos. cth1 mrna is present in all cleavage stage blastomeres as a maternal message. after the late blastula stage, the maternal expression decreases, revealing a spot of higher expression at the margin of the blastoderm of the dome stage ... | 1998 | 9551863 |
| extrapiscine development of myxobolus drjagini akhmerov, 1954 (myxosporea: myxobolidae) in oligochaete alternative hosts. | the extrapiscine development of myxobolus drjagini, a myxosporean parasite of the head, operculum and buccal cavity of the silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix), was studied in experimentally infected oligochaetes, tubifex tubifex. after infection of uninfected tubificids with mature spores of m. drajagini, development of actinosporean stages was first observed by light microscopy 27 days after infection. triactinomyxon stages of m. drjagini emerged from the worms after 91 days of intraoligo ... | 1997 | 9557320 |
| modulation of chromatic difference in receptive field size of h1 horizontal cells in carp retina: dopamine- and apb-sensitive mechanisms. | chromatic aspects of receptive field size in the h1 horizontal cell syncytium of the carp retina were investigated using spectral photostimuli (blue or red) presented in the form of either a pair of a small spot and annulus, or a narrow moving slit. in the light-adapted retina, the receptive field for the blue stimulus was found to be significantly smaller than that for the red, i.e. there was a chromatic difference in the receptive field size. during the course of dark adaptation, the overall r ... | 1998 | 9572576 |
| thermal unfolding of three acclimation temperature-associated isoforms of carp light meromyosin expressed by recombinant dnas. | differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) was performed to investigate thermodynamic properties of three carp fast skeletal light meromyosin (lmm) isoforms expressed in escherichia coli by recombinant dnas. three isoforms were the 10 degreesc-, intermediate-, and 30 degreesc-type lmm predominantly expressed in carp acclimated to 10, 20, and 30 degreesc. the isoforms expressed in e. coli by recombinant dnas exhibited a typical pattern of alpha-helix in cd spectroscopy with two minima at 222 and 208 ... | 1998 | 9572878 |
| effects of gamma irradiation on the flavor composition of food commodities. | fifteen food products including potato, sweet potato, shallot, onion, garlic, ginger, papaya, mango, rice, tobacco, small red bean, mungbean, soybean, wheat, flour and spices have been approved for irradiation by the national health administration in taiwan. market tests (wu et al., 1996) provided strong proof that taiwanese consumers would accept irradiated foods. however, researchers in the food industry are concerned about the possibility of chemical changes, especially in volatile compositio ... | 1998 | 9598207 |
| [swallowed and impacted carp fish-hook in a dog]. | | 1997 | 9599163 |
| fish lesions in the chesapeake bay: pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates and other etiologies. | ulcerative lesions and mass mortalities of atlantic estuarine fish, particularly menhaden (brevoortia tyrannus), have been associated with exposure to pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates and their toxins. we collected fish from the chicamacomico river, maryland, and observed solitary ulcerative lesions on the majority of menhaden sampled. one striped bass (morone saxatilis) had an area of reddening around the base of the dorsal fin. bluegill (lepomis machrochirus), channel catfish (ictalurus punctat ... | 1998 | 9601194 |
| [ultrastructural organization of cardiomyocytes in various lower vertebrates]. | electron microscopy was used to study myocardium in cyprinus carpio, bufo bufo and lacerta agilis. myofibrils, mitochondria, nuclei and secretory granules in cardiomyocytes (cmc) of atrium and ventricle were analyzed quantitatively. amphibians and reptiles showed significant complication of both structural organization of cmc and intercellular contacts versus bony fish. the absence of t-systems in bony fish was noted. | 1998 | 9621323 |
| distribution of connexin43 immunoreactivity in the retinas of different vertebrates. | the distribution of connexin43 (cx43) was examined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy in the retinas of five different vertebrates by using a c-terminal specific peptide antibody. the specificity of the antibody was proved on immunoblots, in which it showed cross reactivity with a 43-kda protein in rat heart homogenates as well as in homogenates of rabbit, rat, chicken, turtle, and fish (carp and zebrafish) retinas. immunofluorescence histochemistry with retinal cryosections rev ... | 1998 | 9624586 |
| influence of phenoxyherbicides and their metabolites on the form of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin of vertebrates. | the effect of phenoxyherbicides and their metabolites on the structure of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin was studied by using different doses and times of incubation of hemoglobin with the herbicide. it was ascertained that among the investigated hemoglobins the most sensitive was carp oxyhemoglobin incubated with 2,4-d (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and the least sensitive was human hemoglobin. comparing the toxicity of 2,4-d, mcpa (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), 2,4-dcp (2,4-dichlorophenol) ... | 1998 | 9635129 |
| [a novel conservative structure found in the carp mitochondrial trna(phe) gene]. | a nucleotide sequence for the trna(phe) gene of carp mitochondria was determined. sequence data comparisons made among the whale, human, xenopus laevis, bovine, mouse, chicken and carp, showed that a novel conservative structure was found in the d. stem (dihydrouridine stem), which was known had variant nucleotides in any other vertebrate mitochondrial trna and cytoplasmic trna genes. this conservative structures contains 13 bp. when we compared the front 7 bp of the conservative structure with ... | 1996 | 9639812 |
| histopathology of sanguinicola inermis infection in carp, cyprinus carpio. | the histopathological response of carp to sanguinicola inermis was investigated by serial sectioning laboratory infected fish up to 90 days post infection (d p.i.). juvenile flukes and adults caused mechanical damage to tissues during invasion and migration up to 28 d p.i. adults partially occluded blood vessels and may have reduced blood circulation. in the initial phase of egg production (28-42 d p.i.), eggs and emigrating miracidia in gill tissue caused breakdown of vascular integrity, necros ... | 1998 | 9639898 |
| qsar study of the toxicity of benzoic acids to vibrio fischeri, daphnia magna and carp. | the toxicities of benzoic acids to vibrio fischeri, daphnia magna and carp were measured. the results showed that the toxicity to v. fischeri and daphnia decreased in the order of bromo > chloro > fluoro approximately equal to aminobenzoic acids. the toxicity of substituted benzoic acids to carp and daphnia was much lower that to v. fischeri. the results also showed that the toxicity of benzoic acids to daphnia decreased as the ph increased. it is suggested that ionized and non-ionized forms hav ... | 1998 | 9646529 |
| multigenerational study of the effects of consumption of pcb-contaminated carp from saginaw bay, lake huron, on mink. 1. effects on mink reproduction, kit growth and survival, and selected biological parameters. | this study was conducted to determine the multigenerational effects of consumption of pcb-contaminated carp (cyprinus carpio) from saginaw bay (lake huron) on mink (mustela vison) reproduction and health and to examine selected biomarkers as potential indicators of polyhalogenated hydrocarbon toxicity in mink. the mink were fed diets formulated to provide 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) through substitution of saginaw bay carp for ocean fish in the diets. to d ... | 1998 | 9650571 |
| virulence and antigenic characteristics of a cultured rickettsiales-like organism isolated from farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar in eastern canada. | the present study describes culture, virulence and antigenic characteristics of a rickettsiales-like organism (rlo) associated with mortality in farmed atlantic salmon in eastern canada. clinical disease was reproduced in naive atlantic salmon parr by intraperitoneal i.p. inoculation with kidney homogenate from naturally infected fish. pure cultures of rlo were isolated into chinook salmon embryo (chse) cells from kidney of experimentally infected fish. the rlo caused cytopathic effect in cultur ... | 1998 | 9653456 |
| application of hazard analysis critical control point (haccp) as a possible control measure for opisthorchis viverrini infection in cultured carp (puntius gonionotus). | opisthorchiasis due to opisthorchis viverrini and transmitted through infected freshwater cyprinoid fish (carps) affects more than 8 million people in thailand, people's democratic republic of lao, and vietnam. the hazard analysis critical control point (haccp)-concept has been recommended by fao and who to be included in programs to control foodborne trematode infections (fbt). haccp is a multifactorial approach to control food hazards through surveillance of diseases, foods, and operations and ... | 1997 | 9656352 |
| common culture practices for cyprinids in asia. | cyprinids are the largest group of cultured freshwater fish and thus the most important from the aspect of fish-borne parasitic zoonoses. the common practices employed in the culture of this group are described to provide background information which may be used in the formulation of strategies for the control of these zoonoses. only the common carp is cultured in monoculture: all the rest of the carp species are usually cultured in polyculture systems incorporating several species. polyculture ... | 1997 | 9656353 |
| expression and localization in the fish retina of a homologue of the alzheimer's related ps1 gene. | early-onset familial alzheimer's disease (early-onset fad) has been linked with mutations in the presenilin gene, ps1. mutations in ps1 may affect the processing/trafficking of b-amyloid precursor-protein (bapp) and favour the production of toxic amyloid-b fragments that are associated with neural degeneration. this study reports the expression of a ps1-like cdna in the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina (the encoded protein shows 76% identity to the human ps1 protein). carp ps1 mrna was localized by ... | 1998 | 9674592 |
| pyrh-encoded ump-kinase directly participates in pyrimidine-specific modulation of promoter activity in escherichia coli. | the carab operon of the enterics escherichia coli k-12 and salmonella typhimurium lt2, encoding the sole carbamoylphosphate synthetase (cpsase) of these organisms, is transcribed from two promoters in tandem, carp1 upstream and carp2 downstream, repressed respectively by pyrimidines and arginine. we present evidence that the pyrh gene product (the hexameric ump-kinase) directly participates in the pyrimidine-specific control of carp1 activity. indeed, we have isolated in e. coli a particular typ ... | 1998 | 9677289 |
| brightness perceptive space in monkeys (rhesus macaques). | operant differentiation was used to study black/white stimulus intensity discrimination (over the range 1-37 cd/m2; cie-31 coordinates x = 0.340, y = 0.304) in two monkeys (rhesus macaques). confusion matrices were constructed from the probabilities that animals would make operant responses when required to select from pairs (a conditioned stimulus and one of 9 differentiation stimuli) of stimuli in 10 series of experiments with conditioned stimuli of 10 intensities. correlation matrices for vec ... | 1998 | 9682233 |
| estimation of the mutagenic potential of the trematode opisthorchis felineus in experimentally infected guinea pigs. | we studied the mutagenic potential of the trematode opisthorchis felineus in experimentally infected guinea pigs by chromosome analysis. the investigation was conducted on 30 treated (experimentally infected) and 20 normal (uninfected) guinea pigs (cavia porcellus). a sample of living metacercariae of o. felineus was obtained from the muscle of naturally infected crucian carp captured in the tom river, and 1 ml suspension containing approximately 50 metacercariae in 0.9% nacl solution was indivi ... | 1998 | 9694374 |
| identification and characterization of a receptor from goldfish specific for a teleost growth hormone-releasing hormone-like peptide. | in mammals, growth hormone-releasing hormone (ghrh), acting via the ghrh receptor, plays an important role in the regulation of growth hormone (gh) synthesis and secretion as well as the proliferation and differentiation of somatotropes in the pituitary. in fishes, information concerning the functional role of the characterized ghrhs is limited. for that reason, a putative goldfish ghrh receptor cdna was characterized in this study. the receptor cdna is 2,243 bp in length, encoding a 438-amino-a ... | 1998 | 9695938 |
| occurrence and significance of atypical aeromonas salmonicida in non-salmonid and salmonid fish species: a review. | bacterial strains of aeromonas salmonicida included in the recognized subsp. acromogenes, subsp. masoucida, and subsp. smithia in addition to the large number of strains not included in any of the described subspecies are referred to as atypical a. salmonicida. the atypical strains form a very heterogeneous group with respect to biochemical characteristics, growth conditions, and production of extracellular proteasess. consequently, the present taxonomy of the species a. salmonicida is rather am ... | 1998 | 9696626 |
| studies on the occurrence of actinosporean stages of fish myxosporeans in a fish farm of hungary, with the description of triactinomyxon, raabeia, aurantiactinomyxon and neoactinomyxon types. | actinosporean infection of the oligochaete fauna living in the mud and on the vegetation of fish ponds used for rearing common carp in polyculture was studied during a one-year survey at a fish farm in hungary, located south of budapest. twenty-eight actinospore types were isolated from the oligochaetes tubifex tubifex, branchiura a sowerbyi, limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, nais elinguis, and stylaria lacustris collected during the survey, which could be classified into the triactinomyxon, raabeia, au ... | 1998 | 9704528 |
| effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its metabolites, cyclo(his-pro) and trh-oh, on growth hormone and prolactin synthesis in primary cultured pituitary cells of the common carp, cyprinus carpio. | the effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) and its metabolites, cyclo(his-pro) and trh-oh, on growth hormone (gh) and prolactin (prl) synthesis were investigated using primary cultured pituitary cells of the common carp, cyprinus carpio. the effects of these pep tides on gh and prl were compared to those of human gh-releasing hormone (hghrh) and somatostatin (somatotropin-releasing inhibiting factor; srif). gh and prl synthesis were determined by measuring the incorporation of [3h]leucin ... | 1998 | 9707485 |
| activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in erythrocytes and transaminases in the plasma of carps (cyprinus carpio l.) exposed to cadmium. | total superoxide dismutase (sod, ec 1.15.1.1) and catalase (cat, ec 1.11.1.6) activities in erythrocytes and the glutamic acid-oxalacetic acid-transaminase (got, ec 2.6.1.1) and glutamic acid-pyruvic acid-transaminase (gpt, ec 2.6.1.2) activities in the plasma were measured in experimental groups of carps (cyprinus carpio l.) exposed to cadmium in a concentration of 20 mg cd/l water under aquarium conditions for 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours and in control fishes. it was shown that the total activity o ... | 1997 | 9728486 |
| impact assessment of a wastewater treatment plant effluent using the fish biomarker ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase: field and on-site experiments. | the impact of a wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) effluent was assessed with the fish biomarker ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) using field and on-site laboratory experiments. erod activity was measured in chub (leuciscus cephalus) and stone loach (noemacheilus barbatulus) caught at three sites of the chalaronne river (southeast france). liver somatic index (lsi) and organochloride bioaccumulation in muscle were estimated for chub only. in september, erod activity and lsi of chub increased s ... | 1998 | 9756685 |
| masp1 (mbl-associated serine protease 1). | mannose-binding lectin (mbl) is a serum component which participates in innate immunity by activating complement via a novel pathway. human mbl forms complexes with two types of serine proteases termed masp (mbl-associated serine protease). these two proteases, masp1 and masp2, are structurally similar to one another as well as to c1r and c1s. together, masp, c1r and c1s constitute a novel serine protease family. it is likely that human masp1 is able to activate c3, while human masp2 cleaves c4, ... | 1998 | 9777417 |
| changes of intestinal epithelial structure and cell turnover in carp cyprinus carpio infected with goussia carpelli (protozoa: apicomplexa). | epithelial cell turnover in the intestine of common carp cyprinus carpio infected with the coccidian parasite goussia carpelli (leger & stankovitch, 1921) was investigated during laboratory infection using histological and electron microscopical techniques. during the development of the parasite an increased number of mitotic enterocytes, identified by bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) uptake, were observed at the base of infected mucosal folds. during the merogonic and gamogonic development of the paras ... | 1998 | 9789977 |
| expression and localization in the fish retina of a homologue of the alzheimer's related ps1 gene. | early-onset familial alzheimer's disease (early-onset fad) has been linked with mutations in the presenilin gene, ps1. mutations in ps1 may affect the processing/ trafficking of beta-amyloid precursor-protein (betaapp) and favour the production of toxic amyloid-beta fragments that are associated with neural degeneration. this study reports the expression of a ps1-like cdna in the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina (the encoded protein shows 76% identity to the human ps1 protein). carp ps1 mrna was lo ... | 1998 | 9804326 |
| partial trisomy of chromosome 6q: an interstitial duplication of the long arm. | we report on a 5-year-old girl with a de novo interstitial duplication of chromosome 6q21-q23 and delayed development and speech with distinctive minor facial anomalies including a "carp" mouth. fluorescence in situ hybridization using a chromosome 6 paint probe confirms that the extra material is of chromosome 6 origin. this further delineates the dup(6q) syndrome and the manifestations due to the specific duplicated chromosomal region involved. | 1998 | 9805129 |
| purification of carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatopancreatic lactate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.27). | lactate dehydrogenase (ldh, ec 1.1.1.27) was isolated in 86% purity from carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatopancreas using agarose t-gel (mercaptoethanol bound to agarose via divinylsulphone) affinity chromatography medium and iontosorb phenyl hydrophobic chromatography medium. gel filtration chromatography of the ldh obtained shows molecular weight to be 26,900 da. | 1998 | 9805350 |
| ectoparasitic species of the genus trichodina (ciliophora: peritrichida) parasitising british freshwater fish. | seven species of the genus trichodina ehrenberg, 1838 were identified during a sampling programme of twenty freshwater fish species from approximately sixty sites in scotland, england and wales. species found include: trichodina acuta lom, 1961 from cyprinus carpio l., carassius auratus l., oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), salmo trutta l. and phoxinus phoxinus l.; trichodina domerguei wallengren, 1897 from gasterosteus aculeatus l.; trichodina tenuidens faure-fremiet, 1944 from gasterosteus aculea ... | 1998 | 9805782 |
| expression and distribution of parotid secretory proteins in experimental diabetes. | previous studies of experimental diabetes have demonstrated changes in the levels of specific salivary proteins. the present study is part of a larger effort aimed at elucidating the mechanism(s) by which insulin regulates salivary protein expression in the rat parotid gland. diabetes was induced in 2-3-month-old male fischer 344 rats by injection of streptozotocin (stz). after 30 days one group of rats was given insulin for 7 days. untreated rats served as controls. as previously observed, paro ... | 1998 | 9825930 |
| characterization of gammas-crystallin isoforms from a catfish: evolutionary comparison of various gamma-, gammas-, and beta-crystallins. | gammas-crystallin from catfish eye lenses, formerly designated betas-crystallin in mammalian lenses, is structurally characterized in this study by cdna cloning and sequencing. to facilitate sequence characterization of gammas-crystallin with structural properties lying between beta- and gamma-crystallins, a cdna mixture was constructed from the poly(a)+ mrna isolated from catfish eye lenses, and amplification by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was carried out to obtain nucleotide segments encod ... | 1998 | 9826544 |
| cloning, characterization, and expression in escherichia coli of three creatine kinase muscle isoenzyme cdnas from carp (cyprinus carpio) striated muscle. | in vertebrates, the creatine kinase isoenzyme family consists of four types of isoforms: cytosolic muscle type (m-ck), cytosolic brain type (b-ck), mitochondrial ubiquitous, acidic type (miu-ck), and mitochondrial sarcomeric, basic type (mis-ck). until recently, the existence of more than one subisoform of ck isoenzyme has been demonstrated only in fishes by starch gel electrophoresis. we report herein the isolation of three full-length cdnas that correspond to three closely related creatine kin ... | 1998 | 9837966 |
| concurrent invaders--four exotic species of monogenea now established on exotic freshwater fishes in australia. | four species of exotic monogeneans are reported from five species of exotic freshwater fish in australia: gytrodactylus bullatarudis from poecilia reticulata and xiphophorus helleri in queensland; gyrodactylus macracanthus from misgurnus anguillicaudatus in the australian capital territory; dactylogyrus extensus from cyprinus carpio in the australian capital territory; and dactylogyrus anchoratus from carassius auratus in the australian capital territory. this is the first published record of de ... | 1998 | 9846613 |
| internalization and cytotoxicity are important virulence mechanisms in vibrio-fish epithelial cell interactions. | vibrio anguillarum and vibrio damselae are gram-negative bacteria that cause systemic infections called vibriosis in fish. they can enter fish cells and survive as intracellular parasites. the host-pathogen interactions between these vibrio species and the fish epithelial cell lines epithelioma papillosum of carp (epc) and grunt-fin tissue (gf) cells, were examined using phase-contrast, scanning electron and confocal microscopy. in addition, potential signal transduction pathways that precede ba ... | 1998 | 9846734 |
| production of a biologically active novel goldfish growth hormone in escherichia coli. | goldfish pituitary contains two types of growth hormones. one with five cysteine residues (type-i) similar to other cyprinid ghs, and the other with four cys residues (type-ii) similar to those of other fish and tertapod species. recombinant goldfish type ii gh (gfgh-ii) was produced in escherichia coli using the prsetb expression vector. the gfgh-ii was produced fused to a leader sequence, which sequestered into inclusion bodies after expression. the inclusion bodies were solubilized using sodi ... | 1998 | 9854813 |