| transcriptome exploration of the sex pheromone gland of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae). | molecules involved in pheromone biosynthesis may represent alternative targets for insect population control. this may be particularly useful in managing the reproduction of lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of the protozoan parasite leishmania infantum in latin america. besides the chemical identity of the major components of the l. longipalpis sex pheromone, there is no information regarding the molecular biology behind its production. to understand this process, obtaining information on ... | 2013 | 23497448 |
| experimental models in vaccine research: malaria and leishmaniasis. | animal models have a long history of being useful tools, not only to test and select vaccines, but also to help understand the elaborate details of the immune response that follows infection. different models have been extensively used to investigate putative immunological correlates of protection against parasitic diseases that are important to reach a successful vaccine. the greatest challenge has been the improvement and adaptation of these models to reflect the reality of human disease and t ... | 2013 | 23369975 |
| transcriptional profiles of mating-responsive genes from testes and male accessory glands of the mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata. | insect seminal fluid is a complex mixture of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, produced in the male reproductive tract. this seminal fluid is transferred together with the spermatozoa during mating and induces post-mating changes in the female. molecular characterization of seminal fluid proteins in the mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata, is limited, although studies suggest that some of these proteins are biologically active. | 2012 | 23071645 |
| courtship behaviour of phlebotomus papatasi the sand fly vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the sand fly phlebotomus papatasi is an old world vector of leishmania major, the etiologic agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. this study describes the courtship behaviour of p. papatasi and compares it with that of lutzomyia longipalpis, the new world vector of visceral leishmaniasis. understanding the details of courtship behaviour in p. papatasi may help us to understand the role of sex pheromones in this important vector. | 2012 | 22935092 |
| lufaxin, a novel factor xa inhibitor from the salivary gland of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis blocks protease-activated receptor 2 activation and inhibits inflammation and thrombosis in vivo. | blood-sucking arthropods' salivary glands contain a remarkable diversity of antihemostatics. the aim of the present study was to identify the unique salivary anticoagulant of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis, which remained elusive for decades. | 2012 | 22796577 |
| kinetics of antibody response in balb/c and c57bl/6 mice bitten by phlebotomus papatasi. | phlebotomine sand flies are blood-sucking insects transmitting leishmania parasites. in bitten hosts, sand fly saliva elicits specific immune response and the humoral immunity was shown to reflect the intensity of sand fly exposure. thus, anti-saliva antibodies were suggested as the potential risk marker of leishmania transmission. in this study, we examined the long-term kinetics and persistence of anti-phlebotomus papatasi saliva antibody response in balb/c and c57bl/6 mice. we also tested the ... | 2012 | 22802977 |
| leishmaniasis and climate change-case study: argentina. | vector-borne diseases closely associated with the environment, such as leishmaniases, have been a usual argument about the deleterious impact of climate change on public health. from the biological point of view interaction of different variables has different and even conflicting effects on the survival of vectors and the probability transmission of pathogens. the results on ecoepidemiology of leishmaniasis in argentina related to climate variables at different scales of space and time are pres ... | 2012 | 22685477 |
| the immune response to sand fly salivary proteins and its influence on leishmania immunity. | leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease transmitted by bites of phlebotomine sand flies. during leishmania transmission, sand fly saliva is co-inoculated with parasites into the skin of the mammalian host. sand fly saliva consists of roughly thirty different salivary proteins, many with known roles linked to blood feeding facilitation. apart from the anti-hemostatic capacity of saliva, several sand fly salivary proteins have been shown to be immunogenic. immunization with a single salivary prote ... | 2012 | 22593758 |
| development of leishmania (leishmania) infantum chagasi in its natural sandfly vector lutzomyia longipalpis. | we analyzed the development of leishmania (leishmania) infantum chagasi in its natural sandfly vector lutzomyia longipalpis. in addition, we compared sandfly infections initiated with axenic amastigotes or promastigotes. our data showed no important difference between lu. longipalpis infection rates resulting from either type of infections. furthermore, development of infection was equivalent in both cases. all promastigote forms were found inside the sandfly and, after blood digestion, most of ... | 0 | 22492144 |
| insecticide susceptibility status of phlebotomus (paraphlebotomus) sergenti and phlebotomus (phlebotomus) papatasi in endemic foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in morocco. | in morocco, cutaneous leishmaniasis is transmitted by phlebotomus sergenti and ph. papatasi. vector control is mainly based on environmental management but indoor residual spraying with synthetic pyrethroids is applied in many foci of leishmania tropica. however, the levels and distribution of sandfly susceptibility to insecticides currently used has not been studied yet. hence, this study was undertaken to establish the susceptibility status of ph. sergenti and ph. papatasi to lambdacyhalothrin ... | 2012 | 22429776 |
| insecticide resistance in the sand fly, phlebotomus papatasi from khartoum state, sudan. | phlebotomus papatasi the vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is the most widely spread sand fly in sudan. no data has previously been collected on insecticide susceptibility and/or resistance of this vector, and a first study to establish a baseline data is reported here. | 2012 | 22397726 |
| three drosophila hox complex micrornas do not have major effects on expression of evolutionarily conserved hox gene targets during embryogenesis. | the discovery of micrornas has resulted in a major expansion of the number of molecules known to be involved in gene regulation. elucidating the functions of animal micrornas has posed a significant challenge as their target interactions with messenger rnas do not adhere to simple rules. of the thousands of known animal micrornas, relatively few microrna:messenger rna regulatory interactions have been biologically validated in an normal organismal context. here we present evidence that three mic ... | 2012 | 22393361 |
| identification and characterization of a novel calcium-activated apyrase from cryptosporidium parasites and its potential role in pathogenesis. | herein, we report the biochemical and functional characterization of a novel ca(2+)-activated nucleoside diphosphatase (apyrase), capy, of the intracellular gut pathogen cryptosporidium. the purified recombinant capy protein displayed activity, substrate specificity and calcium dependency strikingly similar to the previously described human apyrase, scan-1 (soluble calcium-activated nucleotidase 1). capy was found to be expressed in both cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and sporozoites, and displa ... | 2012 | 22363541 |
| utility of filter paper for preserving insects, bacteria, and host reservoir dna for molecular testing. | appropriate methodology for storage biological materials, extraction of dna, and proper dna preservation is vital for studies involving genetic analysis of insects, bacteria, and reservoir hosts as well as for molecular diagnostics of pathogens carried by vectors and reservoirs. here we tried to evaluate the utility of a simple filter paper-based for storage of insects, bacteria, rodent, and human dnas using pcr assays. | 2011 | 22808417 |
| leishmaniasis: middle east and north africa research and development priorities. | | 2011 | 21814585 |
| an infectious topic in reticulate evolution: introgression and hybridization in animal parasites. | little attention has been given to the role that introgression and hybridization have played in the evolution of parasites. most studies are host-centric and ask if the hybrid of a free-living species is more or less susceptible to parasite infection. here we focus on what is known about how introgression and hybridization have influenced the evolution of protozoan and helminth parasites of animals. there are reports of genome or gene introgression from distantly related taxa into apicomplexans ... | 2010 | 24710013 |
| sand fly-leishmania interactions: long relationships are not necessarily easy. | sand fly and leishmania are one of the best studied vector-parasite models. much is known about the development of these parasites within the sand fly, and how transmission to a suitable vertebrate host takes place. various molecules secreted by the vector assist the establishment of the infection in a vertebrate, and changes to the vector are promoted by the parasites in order to facilitate or enhance transmission. despite a generally accepted view that sand flies and leishmania are also one of ... | 0 | 24159365 |
| the calcium activated nucleotidases: a diverse family of soluble and membrane associated nucleotide hydrolyzing enzymes. | it has long been known that the salivary glands of hematophagous (blood-feeding) arthropods secrete soluble apyrases, which are potent nucleotide hydrolyzing enzymes capable of hydrolyzing extracellular atp and adp, the latter being a major agonist contributing to platelet aggregation. only recently, however, has the identification of proteins homologous to these apyrases been reported in non-blood-feeding organisms such as rodents and humans. in this review, we present an overview of the divers ... | 2006 | 18404472 |
| salivary apyrases of triatoma infestans are assembled into homo-oligomers. | apyrase activity is present in the saliva of haematophagous arthropods. it is related to blood-feeding because of the apyrase ability to hydrolyse adp, a key component of platelet aggregation. five apyrases with apparent molecular masses of 88, 82, 79, 68 and 67 kda were identified in the saliva of the vector of chagas disease, triatoma infestans. the large size observed during purification of these enzymes suggested oligomerization. in the present study, we confirmed, using gel-filtration and a ... | 0 | 16542158 |
| evidence of neofunctionalization after the duplication of the highly conserved polycomb group gene caf1-55 in the obscura group of drosophila. | drosophila caf1-55 protein is a subunit of the polycomb repressive complex prc2 and other protein complexes. it is a multifunctional and evolutionarily conserved protein that participates in nucleosome assembly and remodelling, as well as in the epigenetic regulation of a large set of target genes. here, we describe and analyze the duplication of caf1-55 in the obscura group of drosophila. paralogs exhibited a strong asymmetry in evolutionary rates, which suggests that they have evolved accordin ... | 2017 | 28094282 |
| the search for novel insecticide targets in the post-genomics era, with a specific focus on g-protein coupled receptors. | insects are considered pests globally, implicated in the destruction of agricultural fields and transmission of pathogens that cause deadly human diseases, such as dengue, zika and malaria. the diversity of the insecticide arsenal has remained stagnant for decades, but the recent rise of insecticide resistance fueled the discovery of novel modes of action, and the power of genomics has reinvigorated this search. this review discusses the importance of comparative and functional insect genomics i ... | 2017 | 28076467 |
| insecticide resistance in phlebotomine sandflies in southeast asia with emphasis on the indian subcontinent. | visceral leishmaniasis, commonly known as kala-azar in india, is a global public health problem. in southeast asia, bangladesh, bhutan, india, nepal, sri lanka and thailand are endemic for visceral leishmaniasis. the role of sandflies as the vector of kala-azar was first confirmed in 1942 in india. insecticide resistance in phlebotomus argentipes annandale and brunetti, the vector of kala-azar in the indian subcontinent, was first reported in 1987 in bihar, india. this article provides a scoping ... | 2016 | 27817749 |
| diversity of bacteriome associated with phlebotomus chinensis (diptera: psychodidae) sand flies in two wild populations from china. | sand fly phlebotomus chinensis is a primary vector of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in china. the sand flies have adapted to various ecological niches in distinct ecosystems. characterization of the microbial structure and function will greatly facilitate the understanding of the sand fly ecology, which would provide critical information for developing intervention strategy for sand fly control. in this study we compared the bacterial composition between two populations of ph. chinensis ... | 2016 | 27819272 |
| molecular phylogeny of the megadiverse insect infraorder bibionomorpha sensu lato (diptera). | the phylogeny of the insect infraorder bibionomorpha (diptera) is reconstructed based on the combined analysis of three nuclear (18s, 28s, cad) and three mitochondrial (12s, 16s, coi) gene markers. all the analyses strongly support the monophyly of bibionomorpha in both the narrow (sensu stricto) and the broader (sensu lato) concepts. the major lineages of bibionomorpha sensu lato (sciaroidea, bibionoidea, anisopodoidea, and scatopsoidea) and most of the included families are supported as monoph ... | 2016 | 27781163 |
| characterization of a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate of lutzomyia longipalpis with a potential role in leishmania attachment. | leishmania parasites are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and a crucial step in their life-cycle is the binding to the sand fly midgut. laboratory studies on sand fly competence to leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of leishmania species. in a previous s ... | 2016 | 27457627 |
| purification and characterization of a novel kazal-type trypsin inhibitor from the leech of hirudinaria manillensis. | kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitors are found in a large number of living organisms and play crucial roles in various biological and physiological processes. although some kazal-type serine protease inhibitors have been identified in leeches, none has been reported from hirudinaria manillensis, which is a medically important leech. in this study, a novel kazal-type trypsin inhibitor was isolated from leech h. manillensis, purified and named as bdellin-hm based on the sequence similarity with ... | 2016 | 27455325 |
| dna barcode for the identification of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis plant feeding preferences in a tropical urban environment. | little is known about the feeding behavior of hematophagous insects that require plant sugar to complete their life cycles. we studied plant feeding of lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies, known vectors of leishmania infantum/chagasi parasites, in a brazilian city endemic with visceral leishmaniasis. the dna barcode technique was applied to identify plant food source of wild-caught l. longipalpis using specific primers for a locus from the chloroplast genome, ribulose diphosphate carboxylase. dna f ... | 2016 | 27435430 |
| differential expression profiles of the salivary proteins sp15 and sp44 from phlebotomus papatasi. | sand fly saliva has been shown to help parasite establishment and to induce immune responses in vertebrate hosts. in the current study, we investigated the pattern of expression of two phlebotomus papatasi salivary transcripts in specific physiological and seasonal conditions at a hyperendemic area of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) in iran. | 2016 | 27342811 |
| a repertoire of the dominant transcripts from the salivary glands of the blood-sucking bug, triatoma dimidiata, a vector of chagas disease. | triatoma (t.) dimidiata is a hematophagous hemiptera and a main vector of chagas disease. the saliva of this and other blood-sucking insects contains potent pharmacologically active components that assist them in counteracting the host hemostatic and inflammatory systems during blood feeding. to describe the repertoire of potential bioactive salivary molecules from this insect, a number of randomly selected transcripts from the salivary gland cdna library of t. dimidiata were sequenced and analy ... | 2009 | 19900580 |
| positive selection drives accelerated evolution of mosquito salivary genes associated with blood-feeding. | the saliva of bloodsucking animals contains dozens to hundreds of proteins that counteract their hosts' haemostasis, inflammation and immunity. it was previously observed that salivary proteins involved in haematophagy are much more divergent in their primary sequence than those of housekeeping function, when comparisons were made between closely related organisms. while this pattern of evolution could result from relaxed selection or drift, it could alternatively be the result of positive selec ... | 2013 | 24237399 |
| role of leukotrienes on protozoan and helminth infections. | leukotrienes (lts), formed by the 5-lipoxygenase-(5-lo-) catalyzed oxidation of arachidonic acid, are lipid mediators that have potent proinflammatory activities. pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of 5-lo biosynthesis in animals is associated with increased mortality and impaired clearance of bacteria, fungi, and parasites. lts play a role in the control of helminth and protozoan infections by modulating the immune system and/or through direct cytotoxicity to parasites; however, lts may also b ... | 2012 | 22577251 |
| use of the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization technique for bacteria detection in aedes aegypti (diptera:culicidae) (l.). | bacteria associated with insects can have a substantial impact on the biology and life cycle of their host. the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization technique is a semi-quantitative technique that has been previously employed in odontology to detect and quantify a variety of bacterial species in dental samples. here we tested the applicability of the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization technique to detect the presence of aedes aegypti-associated bacterial species in larvae, pupae and adults of a. a ... | 2011 | 22185193 |
| light-emitting diode technology improves insect trapping. | in a climate of increased funding for vaccines, chemotherapy, and prevention of vector-borne diseases, fewer resources have been directed toward improving disease and vector surveillance. recently developed light-emitting diode (led) technology was applied to standard insect-vector traps to produce a more effective lighting system. this approach improved phlebotomine sand fly capture rates by 50%, and simultaneously reduced the energy consumption by 50-60%. the leds were incorporated into 2 ligh ... | 0 | 18666546 |
| attraction of the cutaneous leishmaniasis vector nyssomyia neivai (diptera: psychodidae) to host odour components in a wind tunnel. | laboratory studies of host-seeking olfactory behaviour in sandflies have largely been restricted to the american visceral leishmaniasis vector lutzomyia longipalpis. in comparison, almost nothing is known about the chemical ecology of related species, which transmit american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl), due in part to difficulties in raising these insects in the laboratory. understanding how acl vectors locate their hosts will be essential to developing new vector control strategies to combat ... | 2012 | 23009099 |
| multilocus microsatellite typing (mlmt) of strains from turkey and cyprus reveals a novel monophyletic l. donovani sensu lato group. | new foci of human cl caused by strains of the leishmania donovani (l. donovani) complex have been recently described in cyprus and the çukurova region in turkey (l. infantum) situated 150 km north of cyprus. cypriot strains were typed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mlee) using the montpellier (mon) system as l. donovani zymodeme mon-37. however, multilocus microsatellite typing (mlmt) has shown that this zymodeme is paraphyletic; composed of distantly related genetic subgroups of differen ... | 2012 | 22348162 |
| effect of the saliva from different triatomine species on the biology and immunity of tlr-4 ligand and trypanosoma cruzi-stimulated dendritic cells. | triatomines are blood-sucking vectors of trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas disease. during feeding, triatomines surpass the skin host response through biomolecules present in their saliva. dendritic cells (dcs) play a crucial role in the induction of the protection to aggressive agents, including blood-sucking arthropods. here, we evaluated if salivary components of triatomines from different genera evade the host immunity by modulating the biology and the function of lps- or t. c ... | 2016 | 27938380 |
| saliva of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) inhibits classical and alternative complement pathways. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is the main ectoparasite affecting livestock worldwide. for a successful parasitism, ticks need to evade several immune responses of their hosts, including the activation of the complement system. in spite of the importance of r. microplus, previous work only identified one salivary molecule that blocks the complement system. the current study describes complement inhibitory activities induced by r. microplus salivary components and mechanisms elicited by puta ... | 2016 | 27515662 |
| chemical composition and insecticidal activity of plant essential oils from benin against anopheles gambiae (giles). | insecticide resistance in sub-saharan africa and especially in benin is a major public health issue hindering the control of the malaria vectors. each anopheles species has developed a resistance to one or several classes of the insecticides currently in use in the field. therefore, it is urgent to find alternative compounds to conquer the vector. in this study, the efficacies of essential oils of nine plant species, which are traditionally used to avoid mosquito bites in benin, were investigate ... | 2013 | 24298981 |
| identification, phylogenetic analysis and expression profile of an anionic insect defensin gene, with antibacterial activity, from bacterial-challenged cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis. | defensins are a well known family of cationic antibacterial peptides (amps) isolated from fungi, plants, insects, mussels, birds, and various mammals. they are predominantly active against gram (+) bacteria, and a few of them are also active against gram (-) bacteria and fungi. all insect defensins belonging to the invertebrate class have a consensus motif, c-x₅₋₁₆-c-x₃-c-x₉₋₁₀-c-x₄₋₇-cx₁-c. only seven amps have already been found in different lepidopteran species. no report was published on the ... | 2011 | 22067477 |
| different host complement systems and their interactions with saliva from lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera, psychodidae) and leishmania infantum promastigotes. | lutzomyia longipalpis is the vector of leishmania infantum in the new world, and its saliva inhibits classical and alternative human complement system pathways. this inhibition is important in protecting the insect´s midgut from damage by the complement. l. longipalpis is a promiscuous blood feeder and must be protected against its host's complement. the objective of this study was to investigate the action of salivary complement inhibitors on the sera of different host species, such as dogs, gu ... | 2013 | 24255715 |
| effects of aedes aegypti salivary components on dendritic cell and lymphocyte biology. | saliva is a key element of interaction between hematophagous mosquitoes and their vertebrate hosts. in addition to allowing a successful blood meal by neutralizing or delaying hemostatic responses, the salivary cocktail is also able to modulate the effector mechanisms of host immune responses facilitating, in turn, the transmission of several types of microorganisms. understanding how the mosquito uses its salivary components to circumvent host immunity might help to clarify the mechanisms of tr ... | 2013 | 24238038 |
| successful isolation of leishmania infantum from rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (acari: ixodidae) collected from naturally infected dogs. | the main transmission route of leishmania infantum is through the bites of sand flies. however, alternative mechanisms are being investigated, such as through the bites of ticks, which could have epidemiological relevance. the objective of this work was to verify the presence of leishmania spp. in rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato collected from naturally infected dogs in the federal district of brazil. | 2015 | 26452666 |
| prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in districts of high and low endemicity in mali. | historically the western sahelian dry regions of mali are known to be highly endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) caused by leishmania major, while cases are rarely reported from the southern savanna forest of the country. here, we report baseline prevalence of cl infection in 3 ecologically distinct districts of mali (dry sahelian, north savanna and southern savanna forest areas). we screened 195 to 250 subjects from 50 to 60 randomly selected households in each of the 6 villages (four from ... | 2016 | 27898671 |
| the diversity of yellow-related proteins in sand flies (diptera: psychodidae). | yellow-related proteins (yrps) present in sand fly saliva act as affinity binders of bioamines, and help the fly to complete a bloodmeal by scavenging the physiological signals of damaged cells. they are also the main antigens in sand fly saliva and their recombinant form is used as a marker of host exposure to sand flies. moreover, several salivary proteins and plasmids coding these proteins induce strong immune response in hosts bitten by sand flies and are being used to design protecting vacc ... | 2016 | 27812196 |
| impact of trypanosoma cruzi on antimicrobial peptide gene expression and activity in the fat body and midgut of rhodnius prolixus. | rhodnius prolixus is a major vector of trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas disease in latin america. in natural habitats, these insects are in contact with a variety of bacteria, fungi, virus and parasites that they acquire from both their environments and the blood of their hosts. microorganism ingestion may trigger the synthesis of humoral immune factors, including antimicrobial peptides (amps). the objective of this study was to compare the expression levels of amps (defensins an ... | 2016 | 26931761 |
| cross-species genetic exchange between visceral and cutaneous strains of leishmania in the sand fly vector. | genetic exchange between leishmania major strains during their development in the sand fly vector has been experimentally shown. to investigate the possibility of genetic exchange between different leishmania species, a cutaneous strain of l. major and a visceral strain of leishmania infantum, each bearing a different drug-resistant marker, were used to coinfect lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies. eleven double-drug-resistant progeny clones, each the product of an independent mating event, were ge ... | 2014 | 25385616 |
| the mating competence of geographically diverse leishmania major strains in their natural and unnatural sand fly vectors. | invertebrate stages of leishmania are capable of genetic exchange during their extracellular growth and development in the sand fly vector. here we explore two variables: the ability of diverse l. major strains from across its natural range to undergo mating in pairwise tests; and the timing of the appearance of hybrids and their developmental stage associations within both natural (phlebotomus duboscqi) and unnatural (lutzomyia longipalpis) sand fly vectors. following co-infection of flies with ... | 2013 | 23935521 |
| salivary antigen-5/cap family members are cu2+-dependent antioxidant enzymes that scavenge o₂₋. and inhibit collagen-induced platelet aggregation and neutrophil oxidative burst. | the function of the antigen-5/cap family of proteins found in the salivary gland of bloodsucking animals has remained elusive for decades. antigen-5 members from the hematophagous insects dipetalogaster maxima (dmav) and triatoma infestans (tiav) were expressed and discovered to attenuate platelet aggregation, atp secretion, and thromboxane a2 generation by low doses of collagen (<1 μg/ml) but no other agonists. dmav did not interact with collagen, glycoprotein vi, or integrin α2β1. this inhibit ... | 2013 | 23564450 |
| delayed-type hypersensitivity to sand fly saliva in humans from a leishmaniasis-endemic area of mali is th1-mediated and persists to midlife. | immunity to sand fly saliva in rodents induces a t(h)1 delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response conferring protection against leishmaniasis. the relevance of dth to sand fly bites in humans living in a leishmaniasis-endemic area remains unknown. here, we describe the duration and nature of dth to sand fly saliva in humans from an endemic area of mali. dth was assessed at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours post bite in volunteers exposed to colony-bred sand flies. dermal biopsies were obtained 48 hours ... | 2012 | 22992802 |
| natural infection of didelphis aurita (mammalia: marsupialia) with leishmania infantum in brazil. | the opossum didelphis have been considered as natural hosts of leishmania parasites in the new world, suggesting an important role in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis (vl). among six extant species that belong to the genus didelphis, only two (d. marsupialis and d. albiventris), have been mentioned as natural hosts of leishmania infantum in brazil and colombia. in the present paper, it is reported for the first time, the observation of intracellular parasites (amastigotes) in tissues o ... | 2012 | 22676324 |
| anopheles darlingi (diptera: culicidae) displays increased attractiveness to infected individuals with plasmodium vivax gametocytes. | most hematophagous insects use host odours as chemical cues. the odour components, some physiological parameters and host attractiveness are affected by several conditions, including infection by parasites, e.g., plasmodia and, therefore, change the epidemiological scenario. this study evaluated the attractiveness of individuals with vivax malaria before, during (7 days) and after treatment (14 days) with specific antimalarial drugs. | 2014 | 24885914 |
| a deep insight into the sialotranscriptome of the mosquito, psorophora albipes. | psorophora mosquitoes are exclusively found in the americas and have been associated with transmission of encephalitis and west nile fever viruses, among other arboviruses. mosquito salivary glands represent the final route of differentiation and transmission of many parasites. they also secrete molecules with powerful pharmacologic actions that modulate host hemostasis, inflammation, and immune response. here, we employed next generation sequencing and proteome approaches to investigate for the ... | 2013 | 24330624 |
| genomic identification of a putative circadian system in the cladoceran crustacean daphnia pulex. | essentially nothing is known about the molecular underpinnings of crustacean circadian clocks. the genome of daphnia pulex, the only crustacean genome available for public use, provides a unique resource for identifying putative circadian proteins in this species. here, the daphnia genome was mined for putative circadian protein genes using drosophila melanogaster queries. the sequences of core clock (e.g. clock, cycle, period, timeless and cryptochrome 2), clock input (cryptochrome 1) and clock ... | 2011 | 21798832 |
| evolutionarily conserved odorant receptor function questions ecological context of octenol role in mosquitoes. | olfaction is a key insect adaptation to a wide range of habitats. in the last thirty years, the detection of octenol by blood-feeding insects has been primarily understood in the context of animal host-seeking. the recent discovery of a conserved octenol receptor gene in the strictly nectar-feeding elephant mosquito toxorhynchites amboinensis (taor8) suggests a different biological role. here, we show that taor8 is a functional ortholog of its counterparts in blood-feeding mosquitoes displaying ... | 2016 | 27849027 |
| purification of a serine protease and evidence for a protein c activator from the saliva of the tick, ixodes scapularis. | the saliva of ticks is critical to their survival as parasites and hematophagous animals. in this study, we have purified an enzyme with trypsin-like activity from the saliva of the tick vector of lyme disease, ixodes scapularis. this enzyme, named as ixosp (i. scapularis salivary serine protease), is a 29.9 kda molecule with n-terminus fpxmvxlrikxr. a blast search identified ixosp as a secreted serine protease (aay66740) with a conserved catalytic triad his, asp, and ser. in vitro studies demon ... | 2013 | 24184517 |
| heterogeneities in the transmission of infectious agents: implications for the design of control programs. | from an analysis of the distributions of measures of transmission rates among hosts, we identify an empirical relationship suggesting that, typically, 20% of the host population contributes at least 80% of the net transmission potential, as measured by the basic reproduction number, r0. this is an example of a statistical pattern known as the 20/80 rule. the rule applies to a variety of disease systems, including vector-borne parasites and sexually transmitted pathogens. the rule implies that co ... | 0 | 8990210 |
| foreword. | | 0 | 24473796 |
| surviving the cold: molecular analyses of insect cryoprotective dehydration in the arctic springtail megaphorura arctica (tullberg). | insects provide tractable models for enhancing our understanding of the physiological and cellular processes that enable survival at extreme low temperatures. they possess three main strategies to survive the cold: freeze tolerance, freeze avoidance or cryoprotective dehydration, of which the latter method is exploited by our model species, the arctic springtail megaphorura arctica, formerly onychiurus arcticus (tullberg 1876). the physiological mechanisms underlying cryoprotective dehydration h ... | 2009 | 19622137 |
| comparative genomic analysis of novel conserved peptide upstream open reading frames in drosophila melanogaster and other dipteran species. | upstream open reading frames (uorfs) are elements found in the 5'-region of an mrna transcript, capable of regulating protein production of the largest, or major orf (morf), and impacting organismal development and growth in fungi, plants, and animals. in drosophila, approximately 40% of transcripts contain upstream start codons (uaugs) but there is little evidence that these are translated and affect their associated morf. | 2008 | 18237443 |
| duplication and diversification of dipteran argonaute genes, and the evolutionary divergence of piwi and aubergine. | genetic studies of drosophila melanogaster have provided a paradigm for rna interference (rnai) in arthropods, in which the microrna and antiviral pathways are each mediated by a single argonaute (ago1 and ago2) and germline suppression of transposable elements is mediated by a trio of piwi-subfamily argonaute proteins (ago3, aub, and piwi). without a suitable evolutionary context, deviations from this can be interpreted as derived or idiosyncratic. here we analyze the evolution of argonaute gen ... | 2016 | 26868596 |
| characterization of guinea pig antibody responses to salivary proteins of triatoma infestans for the development of a triatomine exposure marker. | salivary proteins of triatoma infestans elicit humoral immune responses in their vertebrate hosts. these immune responses indicate exposure to triatomines and thus can be a useful epidemiological tool to estimate triatomine infestation. in the present study, we analyzed antibody responses of guinea pigs to salivary antigens of different developmental stages of four t. infestans strains originating from domestic and/or peridomestic habitats in argentina, bolivia, chile and peru. we aimed to ident ... | 2014 | 24699441 |
| rhodnius prolixus and r. robustus (hemiptera: reduviidae) nymphs show different locomotor patterns on an automated recording system. | circadian rhythms of triatomines, vectors of the etiological agent trypanosoma cruzi responsible for chagas disease, have been extensively studied in adults of the two most epidemiologically relevant vector species, rhodnius prolixus and triatoma infestans. however, little attention has been dedicated to the activity patterns in earlier developmental stages, even though triatomine nymphs are equally capable of transmitting t. cruzi to humans. because circadian rhythms may differ even between clo ... | 2016 | 27121502 |
| the α1,6-fucosyltransferase gene (fut8) from the sf9 lepidopteran insect cell line: insights into fut8 evolution. | the core alpha1,6-fucosyltransferase (fut8) catalyzes the transfer of a fucosyl moiety from gdp-fucose to the innermost asparagine-linked n-acetylglucosamine residue of glycoproteins. in mammals, this glycosylation has an important function in many fundamental biological processes and although no essential role has been demonstrated yet in all animals, fut8 amino acid (aa) sequence and fut8 activity are very well conserved throughout the animal kingdom. we have cloned the cdna and the complete g ... | 2014 | 25333276 |
| canine visceral leishmaniasis in an urban setting of southeastern brazil: an ecological study involving spatial analysis. | the physical characteristics of the environment influence the composition, distribution and behavior of the vectors and mammalian hosts involved in the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (vl), thereby affecting the epidemiology of the disease. in brazil, urbanization of human vl is a recent phenomenon and represents an issue of particular concern to local health authorities. the present study aimed to establish the degree of spatial dependency between canine and human vl in the municipality ... | 2014 | 25326767 |
| screening of fungi for biological control of a triatomine vector of chagas disease: temperature and trypanosome infection as factors. | entomopathogenic fungi have been investigated as an alternative tool for controlling various insects, including triatomine vectors of the protozoan trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of chagas disease. here we tested the pathogenicity and virulence of ten isolates of the fungi metarhizium spp. and beauveria bassiana against rhodnius prolixus and found all of the isolates to be virulent. we used two isolates (urpe-11 metarhizium anisopliae and ent-1 beauveria bassiana) for further screening ... | 2016 | 27855217 |
| essential oil composition, antimicrobial and pharmacological activities of lippia sidoides cham. (verbenaceae) from são gonçalo do abaeté, minas gerais, brazil. | lippia sidoides (verbenaceae) is used in brazilian folk medicine as an antiseptic, and it is usually applied topically on skin, mucous membranes, mouth, and throat, or used for vaginal washings. | 0 | 27867267 |
| insights into the preservation of the homomorphic sex-determining chromosome of aedes aegypti from the discovery of a male-biased gene tightly linked to the m-locus. | the preservation of a homomorphic sex-determining chromosome in some organisms without transformation into a heteromorphic sex chromosome is a long-standing enigma in evolutionary biology. a dominant sex-determining locus (or m-locus) in an undifferentiated homomorphic chromosome confers the male phenotype in the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. genetic evidence suggests that the m-locus is in a nonrecombining region. however, the molecular nature of the m-locus has not been characterized. u ... | 0 | 24398378 |
| countermeasure development for rift valley fever: deletion, modification or targeting of major virulence factor nss. | rift valley fever (rvf) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease characterized by a high rate of abortion in ruminants, and febrile illness, hemorrhagic fever, retinitis and encephalitis in humans. rvf is caused by the rvf virus (rvfv), belonging to the genus phlebovirus of the family bunyaviridae. rvfv encodes a major virulence factor, nss, which is dispensable for viral replication, yet required for evasion of host innate immune responses. rvfv nss inhibits host gene upregulation at the transcript ... | 0 | 24910709 |
| circadian clock of aedes aegypti: effects of blood-feeding, insemination and rna interference. | mosquitoes are the culprits of some of the most important vector borne diseases. a species' potential as a vector is directly dependent on their pattern of behaviour, which is known to change according to the female's physiological status such as whether the female is virgin/mated and unfed/blood-fed. however, the molecular mechanism triggered by and/or responsible for such modulations in behaviour is poorly understood. clock genes are known to be responsible for the control of circadian behavio ... | 0 | 24473806 |
| circadian rhythms in insect disease vectors. | organisms from bacteria to humans have evolved under predictable daily environmental cycles owing to the earth's rotation. this strong selection pressure has generated endogenous circadian clocks that regulate many aspects of behaviour, physiology and metabolism, anticipating and synchronising internal time-keeping to changes in the cyclical environment. in haematophagous insect vectors the circadian clock coordinates feeding activity, which is important for the dynamics of pathogen transmission ... | 0 | 24473802 |
| effects of insemination and blood-feeding on locomotor activity of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) females under laboratory conditions. | dengue is an arbovirus disease transmitted by two aedes mosquitoes: ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus. virgin females of these two species generally show a bimodal and diurnal pattern of activity, with early morning and late afternoon peaks. although some studies on the flight activity of virgin, inseminated and blood-fed ae. aegypti females have been carried out under laboratory conditions, little is known about the effects of such physiological states on the locomotor activity of ae. albopictus a ... | 2014 | 24990394 |
| traditional uses, chemical constituents, and biological activities of bixa orellana l.: a review. | bixa orellana l., popularly known as "urucum," has been used by indigenous communities in brazil and other tropical countries for several biological applications, which indicates its potential use as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical products. the aim of this work was to report the main evidence found in the literature, concerning the ethnopharmacology, the biological activity, and the phytochemistry studies related to bixa orellana l. therefore, this work comprises a systematic review abou ... | 2014 | 25050404 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of a major hemolymph serpin from the triatomine, panstrongylus megistus. | chagas disease kills 2.5 thousand people per year of 15 million persons infected in latin america. the disease is caused by the protozoan, trypanosome cruzi, and vectored by triatomine insects, including panstrongylus megistus, an important vector in brazil. medicines treating chagas disease have unpleasant side effects and may be ineffective, therefore, alternative control techniques are required. knowledge of the t. cruzi interactions with the triatomine host needs extending and new targets/st ... | 2014 | 24423259 |
| functional insight into maelstrom in the germline pirna pathway: a unique domain homologous to the dnaq-h 3'-5' exonuclease, its lineage-specific expansion/loss and evolutionarily active site switch. | maelstrom (mael) plays a crucial role in a recently-discovered pirna pathway; however its specific function remains unknown. here a novel mael-specific domain characterized by a set of conserved residues (glu-his-his-cys-his-cys, ehhchc) was identified in a broad range of species including vertebrates, sea squirts, insects, nematodes, and protists. it exhibits ancient lineage-specific expansions in several species, however, appears to be lost in all examined teleost fish species. functional invo ... | 2008 | 19032786 |
| identification of communal oviposition pheromones from the black fly simulium vittatum. | the suite of pheromones that promote communal oviposition by simulium vittatum, a north american black fly species, was identified and characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, electrophysiological, and behavioral bioassays. behavioral assays demonstrated that communal oviposition was induced by egg-derived compounds that were active at short range and whose effect was enhanced through direct contact. three compounds (cis-9-tetradecen-1-ol, 1-pentadecene, and 1-tridecene) were id ... | 2015 | 25786206 |
| gene discovery in an invasive tephritid model pest species, the mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata. | the medfly, ceratitis capitata, is a highly invasive agricultural pest that has become a model insect for the development of biological control programs. despite research into the behavior and classical and population genetics of this organism, the quantity of sequence data available is limited. we have utilized an expressed sequence tag (est) approach to obtain detailed information on transcriptome signatures that relate to a variety of physiological systems in the medfly; this information emph ... | 2008 | 18500975 |
| baseline susceptibility to alpha-cypermethrin in lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) from lapinha cave (brazil). | given the increase in cases of visceral leishmaniasis in recent years, associated with the socio-economic impact of this disease, as well as the wide distribution of lutzomyia longipalpis in brazil and the likelihood that this vector may develop resistance to insecticides used for control, the ministry of health considers as crucial the creation of a network in order to study and monitor the resistance of this vector to insecticides used for control. in this sense, this study aimed: 1) to charac ... | 2015 | 26381242 |
| cloning and expression analysis of the bombyx mori α-amylase gene (amy) from the indigenous thai silkworm strain, nanglai. | α-amylase is a common enzyme for hydrolyzing starch. in the silkworm, bombyx mori l. (lepidoptera: bombycidae), α-amylase is found in both digestive fluid and hemolymph. here, the complete genomic sequence of the amy gene encoding α-amylase from a local thai silkworm, the nanglai strain, was obtained. this gene was 7981 bp long with 9 exons. the full length amy cdna sequence was 1749 bp containing a 1503 bp open reading frame. the orf encoded 500 amino acid residues. the deduced protein showed 8 ... | 0 | 21529256 |
| proteolytic profiling and comparative analyses of active trypsin-like serine peptidases in preimaginal stages of culex quinquefasciatus. | the mosquito culex quinquefasciatu s, a widespread insect in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, is a vector of multiple arboviruses and parasites, and is considered an important risk to human and veterinary health. proteolytic enzymes play crucial roles in the insect physiology including the modulation of embryonic development and food digestion. therefore, these enzymes represent important targets for the development of new control strategies. this study presents zymographic charac ... | 2012 | 22892097 |
| the transcriptome of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) male reproductive organs. | it has been suggested that genes involved in the reproductive biology of insect disease vectors are potential targets for future alternative methods of control. little is known about the molecular biology of reproduction in phlebotomine sand flies and there is no information available concerning genes that are expressed in male reproductive organs of lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of american visceral leishmaniasis and a species complex. | 2012 | 22496818 |
| transcriptional regulation of a chitinase gene by 20-hydroxyecdysone and starvation in the oriental fruit fly, bactrocera dorsalis. | insect chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes that are required for the degradation of glycosidic bonds of chitin. in this study, we identified and characterized a full-length cdna of the chitinase gene (bdcht2) in the oriental fruit fly, bactrocera dorsalis. the cdna contains an open reading frame (orf) of 1449 bp that encodes 483 amino acid residues and 126- and 296-bp non-coding regions at the 5'- and 3'-ends, respectively. the bdcht2 genome has four exons and three introns. the predicted molecula ... | 2013 | 24113584 |
| genetic structure of lutzomyia longipalpis populations in mato grosso do sul, brazil, based on microsatellite markers. | lutzomyialongipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) is the major vector of leishmania (leishmania) infantum and thus plays a crucial role in the epidemiology of american visceral leishmaniasis (avl). this vector is the best studied species of sand fly in the neotropical region. many studies claim that this vector is in fact a species complex; however there is still no consensus regarding the number of species that belong into this complex or the geographical distribution of sibling species. the aim of t ... | 2013 | 24066129 |
| leishmania amazonensis exhibits phosphatidylserine-dependent procoagulant activity, a process that is counteracted by sandfly saliva. | leishmania parasites expose phosphatidylserine (ps) on their surface, a process that has been associated with regulation of host's immune responses. in this study we demonstrate that ps exposure by metacyclic promastigotes of leishmania amazonensis favours blood coagulation. l. amazonensis accelerates in vitro coagulation of human plasma. in addition, l. amazonensis supports the assembly of the prothrombinase complex, thus promoting thrombin formation. this process was reversed by annexin v whic ... | 0 | 24037188 |
| risk factors for seroconversion by leishmania infantum in a cohort of dogs from an endemic area of brazil. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) has recently emerged in various urban and peri-urban areas of brazil and other countries. understanding the urbanization of vl requires identification of risk factors associated with human and canine infection. to determine the predictors of risk for canine vl, a survey was conducted of 1,443 dogs, from which a cohort was selected (n = 455) and evaluated for approximately 26 months. serology was conducted with two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa): one conduc ... | 2013 | 23990996 |
| tsetse salivary gland proteins 1 and 2 are high affinity nucleic acid binding proteins with residual nuclease activity. | analysis of the tsetse fly salivary gland est database revealed the presence of a highly enriched cluster of putative endonuclease genes, including tsal1 and tsal2. tsal proteins are the major components of tsetse fly (g. morsitans morsitans) saliva where they are present as monomers as well as high molecular weight complexes with other saliva proteins. we demonstrate that the recombinant tsetse salivary gland proteins 1&2 (tsal1&2) display dna/rna non-specific, high affinity nucleic acid bindin ... | 2012 | 23110062 |
| the harmonic convergence of fathers predicts the mating success of sons in aedes aegypti. | during courtship males often communicate information about their fitness to females. the matching of harmonic components of flight tone in male-female pairs of flying mosquitoes, or harmonic convergence, was recently described. this behaviour occurs prior to mating and has been suggested to function in mate selection. we investigated the hypothesis that harmonic convergence is a component of mosquito courtship. a key prediction of this hypothesis is that harmonic convergence should provide infor ... | 0 | 22003255 |
| alboserpin, a factor xa inhibitor from the mosquito vector of yellow fever, binds heparin and membrane phospholipids and exhibits antithrombotic activity. | the molecular mechanism of factor xa (fxa) inhibition by alboserpin, the major salivary gland anticoagulant from the mosquito and yellow fever vector aedes albopictus, has been characterized. cdna of alboserpin predicts a 45-kda protein that belongs to the serpin family of protease inhibitors. recombinant alboserpin displays stoichiometric, competitive, reversible and tight binding to fxa (picomolar range). binding is highly specific and is not detectable for fx, catalytic site-blocked fxa, thro ... | 2011 | 21673107 |
| genome-wide analysis of the odorant-binding protein gene family in drosophila melanogaster. | olfaction is of considerable importance to many insects in behaviors critical for survival and reproduction, including location of food sources, selection of mates, recognition of colony con-specifics, and determination of oviposition sites. an ubiquitous, but poorly understood, component of the insect's olfactory system is a group of odorant-binding proteins (obps) that are present at high concentrations in the aqueous lymph surrounding the dendrites of olfactory receptor neurons. obps are beli ... | 0 | 12213773 |
| multilocus analysis of divergence and introgression in sympatric and allopatric sibling species of the lutzomyia longipalpis complex in brazil. | lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in latin america, is a complex of sibling species. in brazil, a number of very closely related sibling species have been revealed by the analyses of copulation songs, sex pheromones and molecular markers. however, the level of divergence and gene flow between the sibling species remains unclear. brazilian populations of this vector can be divided in two main groups: one producing burst-type songs and the cembrene-1 pheromone and a ... | 2013 | 24147172 |
| anaerobic respiration and antioxidant responses of corythucha ciliata (say) adults to heat-induced oxidative stress under laboratory and field conditions. | high temperature often induces oxidative stress and antioxidant response in insects. this phenomenon has been well documented under controlled laboratory conditions, but whether it happens under fluctuating field conditions is largely unknown. in this study, we used an invasive lace bug (corythucha ciliata) as a model species to compare the effects of controlled thermal treatments (2 h at 33-43 °c with 2 °c intervals in the laboratory) and naturally fluctuating thermal conditions (08:00-14:00 at ... | 2013 | 23943359 |
| advances in methods for colour marking of mosquitoes. | different techniques are available for colour marking insects and each technique may be suitable for different insect species. mosquitoes can be marked to determine population size, distribution and flight distance or distinguish closely related species. in this study, two methods of colour marking mosquitoes were described in detail and the impact of both methods on the survival and host-seeking behaviour of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae sensu stricto was investigated. | 2013 | 23835091 |
| peptides encoded by short orfs control development and define a new eukaryotic gene family. | despite recent advances in developmental biology, and the sequencing and annotation of genomes, key questions regarding the organisation of cells into embryos remain. one possibility is that uncharacterised genes having nonstandard coding arrangements and functions could provide some of the answers. here we present the characterisation of tarsal-less (tal), a new type of noncanonical gene that had been previously classified as a putative noncoding rna. we show that tal controls gene expression a ... | 0 | 17439302 |
| genetic structuring and fixed polymorphisms in the gene period among natural populations of lutzomyia longipalpis in brazil. | even one hundred years after being originally identified, aspects of the taxonomy of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis, the principal vector of leishmania infantum in the americas, remain unresolved for brazilian populations of this vector. the diversity of morphological, behavioral, biochemical, and ethological characters, as well as the genetic variability detected by molecular markers are indicative of the presence of a complex of species. | 2015 | 25889567 |
| genetically modifying the insect gut microbiota to control chagas disease vectors through systemic rnai. | technologies based on rna interference may be used for insect control. sustainable strategies are needed to control vectors of chagas disease such as rhodnius prolixus. the insect microbiota can be modified to deliver molecules to the gut. here, escherichia coli ht115(de3) expressing dsrna for the rhodnius heme-binding protein (rhbp) and for catalase (cat) were fed to nymphs and adult triatomine stages. rhbp is an egg protein and cat is an antioxidant enzyme expressed in all tissues by all devel ... | 2015 | 25675102 |
| the gut microbiome of the vector lutzomyia longipalpis is essential for survival of leishmania infantum. | the vector-borne disease leishmaniasis, caused by leishmania species protozoa, is transmitted to humans by phlebotomine sand flies. development of leishmania to infective metacyclic promastigotes in the insect gut, a process termed metacyclogenesis, is an essential prerequisite for transmission. based on the hypothesis that vector gut microbiota influence the development of virulent parasites, we sequenced midgut microbiomes in the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis with or without leishmania infant ... | 2017 | 28096483 |
| insect vectors of disease: untapped reservoirs for new antimicrobials? | with the increase in antibiotic resistance among infectious diseases, the need for new strategies for identifying compounds with inhibitory effects is dire. traditional methods of genome sequencing and systematic characterization of potential antimicrobial gene clusters, although effective, are unfortunately not yielding results at a speed consistent with the rise in antimicrobial resistance. one approach could be to use a more targeted approach to antimicrobial compound discovery. insect vector ... | 2016 | 28066398 |
| lundep, a sand fly salivary endonuclease increases leishmania parasite survival in neutrophils and inhibits xiia contact activation in human plasma. | neutrophils are the host's first line of defense against infections, and their extracellular traps (net) were recently shown to kill leishmania parasites. here we report a net-destroying molecule (lundep) from the salivary glands of lutzomyia longipalpis. previous analysis of the sialotranscriptome of lu. longipalpis showed the potential presence of an endonuclease. indeed, not only was the cloned cdna (lundep) shown to encode a highly active ss- and dsdnase, but also the same activity was demon ... | 2014 | 24516388 |
| visceral leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum in salta, argentina: possible reservoirs and vectors. | cases of human visceral leishmaniasis (hvl) were not recorded until recently in the chaco region of northwestern argentina. dogs were surveyed at the sites of infection of two hvl index cases in the chaco region of salta province. canine cases (canl) were diagnosed by two parasitological methods, two molecular methods targeting mini- and maxicircle dna, and immunochromatographic dipstick. among 77 dogs studied, 10 (13%) were found infected with leishmania spp. in seven dogs and two humans, the i ... | 2015 | 26055744 |
| seroepidemiological survey of canine leishmania infections from peripheral areas in natal, northeast brazil. | human visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in natal, northeast of brazil, where the domestic dog is an important parasite reservoir in the infectious cycle of leishmania spp. in this study, was evaluated the antileishmanial igg antibody and epidemiological factors related to canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl). | 2015 | 26668661 |
| canine visceral leishmaniasis case investigation in the jacare region of niteroi, rio de janeiro, brazil. | american visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonosis in expansion in brazil. dogs are the main urban reservoir. departing from a case of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) in jacaré, niterói, rio de janeiro state, an epidemiological canine and entomological study was performed to assess the extension of the disease at the location. sample was collected around the case and the dogs identified by serological tests (rapid double platform immunochromatographic exams, immunoenzymatic assay/eli ... | 0 | 26422157 |