| mdm2 regulates a novel form of incomplete neoplastic transformation of theileria parva infected lymphocytes. | our efforts are concerned with identifying features of incomplete malignant transformation caused by non viral pathogens. theileria parva (t. parva) is a tick-transmitted protozoan parasite that can cause a fatal lymphoproliferative disease in cattle. the t. parva-infected lymphocytes display a transformed phenotype and proliferate in culture media like the other tumor cells, however those cells will return to normal after antiprotozoal treatment reflecting the incomplete nature of transformatio ... | 2013 | 22981919 |
| population attributable fractions of farm vector tick (rhipicephalus appendiculatus) presence on theileria parva infection seroprevalence under endemic instability. | the primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of rhipicephalus appendiculatus tick presence (exposure variable) on theileria parva infection seroprevalence (outcome variable) in a group of cattle belonging to a farm using population attributable fractions (paf). the analyses were based on a representative sample of 80 traditional smallholder mixed farms. the farms were selected by first stratifying the population administratively and implementing a multistage random sampling in mb ... | 2013 | 22964105 |
| transcriptional profiling of inflammatory cytokine genes in african buffaloes (syncerus caffer) infected with theileria parva. | theileria parva (t. parva) causes east coast fever (ecf), which is of huge economic importance to eastern and southern african countries. in a previous bovine model, inflammatory cytokines were closely associated with disease progression in animals experimentally infected with t. parva. the african cape buffalo (syncerus caffer), the natural reservoir for t. parva, is completely resistant to ecf despite a persistently high parasitaemia following infection with t. parva. characterizing basic immu ... | 2012 | 22854202 |
| micro- and minisatellite-expressed sequence tag (est) markers discriminate between populations of rhipicephalus appendiculatus. | biological differences, including vector competence for the protozoan parasite theileria parva have been reported among populations of rhipicephalus appendiculatus (acari: ixodidae) from different geographic regions. however, the genetic diversity and population structure of this important tick vector remain unknown due to the absence of appropriate genetic markers. here, we describe the development and evaluation of a panel of est micro- and minisatellite markers to characterize the genetic div ... | 2012 | 22789728 |
| immunization of cattle with ra86 impedes rhipicephalus appendiculatus nymphal-to-adult molting. | commercial vaccines based on the tick gut protein bm86 have been successful in controlling the one-host tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and provide heterologous protection against certain other non-target ixodid tick species. this cross protection, however, does not extend to the three-host tick r. appendiculatus, the vector of the protozoan parasite theileria parva. when transmitted to cattle, t. parva causes the often fatal disease east coast fever. here, we used insect cell-expressed ... | 2012 | 22658857 |
| designing bovine t cell vaccines via reverse immunology. | t cell responses contribute to immunity against many intracellular infections. there is, for example, strong evidence that major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) play an essential role in mediating immunity to east coast fever (ecf), a fatal lymphoproliferative disease of cattle prevalent in sub-saharan africa and caused by theileria parva. to complement the more traditional approaches to ctl antigen identification and vaccine development that we ... | 2012 | 22621863 |
| cytotoxic t lymphocytes from cattle immunized against theileria parva exhibit pronounced cross-reactivity among different strain-specific epitopes of the tp1 antigen. | the protozoan parasite theileria parva causes a usually fatal disease in cattle, known as east coast fever. cattle can be vaccinated by injecting live parasites simultaneously with long acting oxytetracycline (the infection and treatment method, itm). the immunity induced by itm is believed to be mediated by cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl). although effective, the itm vaccine has disadvantages such as the need for a liquid nitrogen cold chain and a complex production process, which may be overcome ... | 2012 | 22305545 |
| cell-mediated immune responses of cattle to theileria parva. | theileria parva is a protozoan parasite that infects lymphocytes of cattle and african buffalo. as is the case with certain viruses, the parasite causes antigenic changes on the cell surface against which the host mounts cytotoxic t-cell. precise definition of the cells participating in these response and their specificity has been facilitated by the recent identification of markers for bovine t-cell subpopulations and functional analyses of bovine lymphocytes at the clonal level. in this paper ... | 2014 | 25290402 |
| characterization of tabanid flies (diptera: tabanidae) in south africa and zambia and detection of protozoan parasites they are harbouring. | tabanids are haematophagous flies feeding on livestock and wildlife. in the absence of information on the relationship of tabanid flies and protozoan parasites in south africa and zambia, the current study was aimed at characterizing tabanid flies collected in these two countries as well as detecting protozoan parasites they are harbouring. a total of 527 tabanid flies were collected whereby 70·2% were from south africa and 29·8% were from zambia. morphological analysis revealed a total of five ... | 2017 | 28502276 |
| babesia bovis bov57, a theileria parva p67 homolog, is an invasion-related, neutralization-sensitive antigen. | babesia bovis bov57, which is a homolog of the theileria parva vaccine candidate antigen p67, is expressed in both the tick and blood stages of the life cycle of this parasite. however, the vaccine potential of bov57 remained to be investigated. in the present study, we generated recombinant bov57 (rbov57) and prepared polyclonal antibodies against rbov57 in mice and rabbits. indirect immunofluorescence assays conducted with the mouse anti-rbov57 antibody demonstrated that bov57 localized at the ... | 2017 | 28668608 |
| assessment and optimization of theileria parva sporozoite full-length p67 antigen expression in mammalian cells. | delivery of various forms of recombinant theileria parva sporozoite antigen (p67) has been shown to elicit antibody responses in cattle capable of providing protection against east coast fever, the clinical disease caused by t. parva. previous formulations of full-length and shorter recombinant versions of p67 derived from bacteria, insect, and mammalian cell systems are expressed in non-native and highly unstable forms. the stable expression of full-length recombinant p67 in mammalian cells has ... | 2017 | 28800590 |
| sialotranscriptomics of rhipicephalus zambeziensis reveals intricate expression profiles of secretory proteins and suggests tight temporal transcriptional regulation during blood-feeding. | ticks secrete a diverse mixture of secretory proteins into the host to evade its immune response and facilitate blood-feeding, making secretory proteins attractive targets for the production of recombinant anti-tick vaccines. the largely neglected tick species, rhipicephalus zambeziensis, is an efficient vector of theileria parva in southern africa but its available sequence information is limited. next generation sequencing has advanced sequence availability for ticks in recent years and has as ... | 2017 | 28797301 |
| prevalence and risk factors associated with theileria parva infection in cattle in three regions of tanzania. | ticks and tickborne diseases (tbds) are serious constraints to cattle production in tanzania and other tropical and subtropical countries. among the tbds, east coast fever (ecf) is the most important as it causes significant economic losses to the cattle industry in tanzania. however, control of ecf in tanzania has continued to be a challenge due to inadequate epidemiological information. the main objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological situation of theileria parva infection ... | 2017 | 28752214 |
| the control of east coast fever of cattle by live parasite vaccination: a science-to-impact narrative. | there is an increasing interest in determining the impact of vaccine technologies developed using public funding targeted at international development, and understanding the factors and ingredients which contribute to the success and impacts of such vaccines. this paper chronicles the development of a live vaccine against east coast fever, a tick-borne disease of cattle caused by theileria parva. the paper describes the technological innovation, commonly known as infection-and-treatment, which w ... | 2016 | 28616483 |