| dynamics of predominant microbiota in the human gastrointestinal tract and change in luminal enzymes and immunoglobulin profile during high-altitude adaptation. | high-altitude (ha) visitors like pilgrims, trackers, scientists and military personnel face a group of nonspecific gastrointestinal (gi) symptoms during acclimatization to hypobaric hypoxia. in order to investigate the alteration of indigenous gastrointestinal microbiota in the development of such gi symptoms, an experiment was conducted for the enumeration of dominant cultivable faecal microbiota of 15 soldiers at base level (delhi) and during their 15-day acclimatization at 3,505 m ha (leh). a ... | 2013 | 23536261 |
| a simple and sensitive quality control method of the anaerobic atmosphere for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria. | the maintenance of a strict anaerobic atmosphere is essential for the culture of strict anaerobic bacteria. we describe a simple and sensitive quality control method of the anaerobic atmosphere, based on the measurement of the zone diameter around a 5-μg metronidazole disk when testing an aerotolerant clostridium perfringens strain. a zone diameter above 27 mm was indicative of acceptable anaerobic conditions. | 2013 | 23535206 |
| blocking the butyrate-formation pathway impairs hydrogen production in clostridium perfringens. | inactivating competitive pathways will improve fermentative hydrogen production by obligate anaerobes, such as those of genus clostridium. in our previous study, the hydrogen yield of clostridium perfringens w13 in which l-lactate dehydrogenase was inactivated increased by 44% when compared with its original strain w12. in this study, we explored whether blocking butyrate formation pathway would increase hydrogen yield. the acetyl-coa acetyltransferase gene (atob) encodes the first enzyme in thi ... | 2013 | 23532061 |
| embryonated chicken eggs as an alternative model for mixed clostridium perfringens and eimeria tenella infection in chickens. | the chorioallantoic membrane (cam) of chicken embryo eggs is a suitable model for viral and bacterial infections. in the present study, a new approach for testing the pathogenesis and virulence of clostridium perfringens and eimeria tenella dual infections as a model using the cam of embryonated chicken eggs was developed. for this purpose, 24 specific pathogen-free (spf) embryonated chicken eggs were divided into four groups (n = 6) and designated group e, group cp, group cpe, and nc. sporozoit ... | 2013 | 23515571 |
| clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin h149a mutant as a platform for receptor binding studies. | clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (etx) is a pore-forming toxin responsible for a severe and rapidly fatal enterotoxemia of ruminants. the toxin is classified as a category b bioterrorism agent by the u.s. government centres for disease control and prevention (cdc), making work with recombinant toxin difficult. to reduce the hazard posed by work with recombinant etx, we have used a variant of etx that contains a h149a mutation (etx-h149a), previously reported to have reduced, but not abolish ... | 2013 | 23504825 |
| clostridial abdominal gas gangrene masquerading as a bowel perforation in an advanced-stage ovarian cancer patient. | the coexistence of clostridial gas gangrene and a gynecologic malignancy is extremely rare, with very few cases involving ovarian cancer. a patient originally presented to our gynecologic oncology service with stage iv ovarian cancer; she underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. on postoperative day 6, the patient developed severe abdominal pain, nausea, and emesis, suggestive of a bowel perforation. further evaluation confirmed that her symptoms were attributed to clostr ... | 2013 | 23494868 |
| efficacy of low-dose tylvalosin for the control of clostridiosis in broilers and its effect on productive parameters. | the study was carried out under field conditions in a commercial farm, and 1,440 as-hatched ross-308 broilers were included. broilers were randomly distributed into 24 experimental 4-m(2) pens (60 broilers/pen). pens were randomized to the 3 treatment groups: a) tylvalosin 10 mg/kg of live bw during 2 d, b) positive control (tylosin during 2 d), and c) negative control (no treatment). the drugs were provided in the water supply. mortality, individual bw, and feed intake were assessed. clostridiu ... | 2013 | 23472021 |
| a clostridium perfringens outbreak traced to temperature-abused beef stew, norway, 2012. | | 2013 | 23470019 |
| comparison of live eimeria vaccination with in-feed salinomycin on growth and immune status in broiler chickens. | coccidiosis vaccines and anticoccidial drugs are commonly used to control eimeria infection during commercial poultry production. the present study was conducted to compare the relative effectiveness of these two disease control strategies in broiler chickens in an experimental research facility. birds were orally vaccinated with a live, attenuated vaccine (inovocox), or were provided with in-feed salinomycin (bio-cox), and body weights, serum levels of nitric oxide (no) and antibodies against e ... | 2013 | 23465765 |
| comparative transcription analysis and toxin production of two fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of clostridium perfringens. | fluoroquinolone use has been listed as a risk factor for the emergence of virulent clinical strains of some bacteria. the aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of fluoroquinolone (gatifloxacin) resistance selection on differential gene expression, including the toxin genes involved in virulence, in two fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of clostridium perfringens by comparison with their wild-type isogenic strains. | 2013 | 23452396 |
| percolation analysis in electrical conductivity of madin-darby canine kidney and caco-2 cells by permeation-enhancing agents. | the control of permeability through the paracellular route has been paid great attention to for enhanced bioavailability of macromolecular and hydrophilic drugs. the paracellular permeability is controlled by tight junctions (tj), and claudins are the major constituents of tj. despite numerous studies on tj modulation, the dynamics is not well understood, although it could be crucial for clinical applications. here, we studied the time (t) course of electrical conductivity (σ) in a monolayer of ... | 2013 | 23449326 |
| a nitrophenyl-based prodrug type for colorectal targeting of prednisolone, budesonide and celecoxib. | celecoxib is a cox-2 inhibitor drug that can be used to reduce the risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma. glucocorticoids are used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. a limitation to the use of both drug types is that they undergo absorption from the intestinal tract with serious side effects. the prodrug systems introduced here involve forming a nitro-substituted acylsulfonamide group in the case of celecoxib and a nitro-substituted 21-ester for the glucocorticoids. drug release is trig ... | 2013 | 23416011 |
| impact of dietary protein on microbiota composition and activity in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets in relation to gut health: a review. | in pigs, the microbial ecosystem of the gastrointestinal tract (git) is influenced by various factors; however, variations in diet composition have been identified as one of the most important determinants. marked changes in fermentation activities and microbial ecology may occur when altering the diet, for example, from milk to solid feed during weaning. in that way, access of pathogens to the disturbed ecosystem is alleviated, leading to infectious diseases and diarrhea. thus, there is increas ... | 2013 | 23410993 |
| ischaemic intestinal perforation complicated by clostridium perfringens sepsis in a diabetic patient. | | 2013 | 23389817 |
| structural and functional analysis of the pore-forming toxin netb from clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic bacterium that causes numerous important human and animal diseases, primarily as a result of its ability to produce many different protein toxins. in chickens, c. perfringens causes necrotic enteritis, a disease of economic importance to the worldwide poultry industry. the secreted pore-forming toxin netb is a key virulence factor in the pathogenesis of avian necrotic enteritis and is similar to alpha-hemolysin, a β-barrel pore-forming toxin from staphyloc ... | 2013 | 23386432 |
| bacteriocin production by bifidobacterium spp. a review. | bacteriocins are ribosomally-synthesized antibacterial peptides. these compounds are produced by a broad variety of different bacteria belonging mainly to the genus bifidobacterium, to which health promoting properties have frequently been attributed. however, despite the fact that the identification of bifidobacterium-associated bacteriocins was first reported in 1980 and that they exhibit antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms such as listeria monocytogenes, clostridium perfr ... | 2013 | 23384878 |
| emphysematous cholecystitis with massive gas in the abdominal cavity. | emphysematous cholecystitis is a rare variant of acute cholecystitis with a high mortality rate. the combination of emphysematous cholecystitis and pneumoperitoneum is also rare. we herein describe a case of emphysematous cholecystitis with massive gas in the abdominal cavity. a 77-year-old male presented with epigastric pain and lassitude lasting for one week. a computed tomography scan demonstrated massive gas in the abdominal cavity. gas was also detectable inside the gallbladder. massive asc ... | 2013 | 23382645 |
| arginine adp-ribosylation mechanism based on structural snapshots of iota-toxin and actin complex. | clostridium perfringens iota-toxin (ia) mono-adp ribosylates arg177 of actin, leading to cytoskeletal disorganization and cell death. to fully understand the reaction mechanism of arginine-specific mono-adp ribosyl transferase, the structure of the toxin-substrate protein complex must be characterized. recently, we solved the crystal structure of ia in complex with actin and the nonhydrolyzable nad(+) analog βtad (thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide); however, the structures of the nad(+ ... | 2013 | 23382240 |
| brain lesions associated with clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin in a holstein heifer calf. | a 6-month-old dairy heifer calf with no premonitory signs was acutely down after the morning feeding and could not rise. on presentation, the heifer was in right lateral recumbency and moribund with opisthotonus and left hind limb paddling. following euthanasia, gross examination of the brain revealed multifocal loss of gray-white matter distinction and extensive petechiae throughout the brainstem. on histopathological examination, there was striking white matter edema and marked perivascular pr ... | 2013 | 23381925 |
| epidemiology of foodborne disease outbreaks caused by clostridium perfringens, united states, 1998-2010. | clostridium perfringens is estimated to be the second most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the united states, causing one million illnesses each year. local, state, and territorial health departments voluntarily report c. perfringens outbreaks to the u.s. centers for disease control and prevention through the foodborne disease outbreak surveillance system. our analysis included outbreaks confirmed by laboratory evidence during 1998-2010. a food item was implicated if c. perfringen ... | 2013 | 23379281 |
| strongyloidiasis in a nonagenarian who previously worked in conservancy services. | we report a case of strongyloidiasis in a patient born in hong kong and was possibly infected via her prior occupation in conservancy services. she presented with chronic diarrhoea, anorexia, and extensive scratch marks over the lower extremities. further assessment yielded eosinophilia, intermittent dyspepsia, and an episode of unexplained clostridium perfringens bacteraemia. she was treated with a course of albendazole. subsequently, the eosinophilia and diarrhoea subsided. | 2013 | 23378359 |
| intestinal clostridial counts have no diagnostic value in the diagnosis of enterotoxaemia in veal calves. | enterotoxaemia is an important cause of sudden death in veal calves. this study aimed to evaluate intestinal clostridium perfringens counts as a diagnostic tool for enterotoxaemia. field necropsies were conducted on 48 sudden death cases in belgian blue veal farms. in 31/48 suddenly deceased calves, the diagnosis of enterotoxaemia was made based on haemorrhagic lesions in the small intestines, while in seven of these cases, no clear-cut diagnosis could be made based on macroscopic appearance of ... | 2013 | 23362178 |
| sudden death syndrome in adult cows associated with clostridium perfringens type e. | clostridium perfringens type e is considered a rare toxinotype and an infrequent cause of enterotoxemia of lambs, calves, and rabbits. until now, only cases of young animal of c. perfringens type e bovine enterotoxemia, characterized by hemorrhagic enteritis and sudden death, have been reported. the present report details the genotypic characterization of c. perfringens type e isolates obtained from intestinal samples of adult cattle during an outbreak of enterotoxemia in argentina. the sequence ... | 2013 | 23354004 |
| lesion development in a new intestinal loop model indicates the involvement of a shared clostridium perfringens virulence factor in haemorrhagic enteritis in calves. | clostridium perfringens-associated enterotoxaemia is a fatal disease in fast growing suckler and veal calves. an intestinal loop model was developed to study the pathogenesis of the disease. loops were injected with stationary and logarithmic c. perfringens cultures with or without, a milk protein-based commercial milk replacer for calves. isolates tested were from cases of bovine enterotoxaemia and from calves without signs of enterotoxaemia, in addition to netb-positive and -negative isolates ... | 2013 | 23351504 |
| an investigation to determine the cause of haemorrhagic enteritis in commercial pig grower units in the northern parts of south africa. | necropsies were performed on 36 grower pigs that died peracutely on farms in the northern parts of south africa. all these pigs were suffering from haemorrhagic enteritis and suspected toxaemia. samples of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were taken for histopathological examination and a section of ileum was collected for microbiological examination from each animal. histological lesions characteristic of enterotoxigenic clostridium infection were found. large, gram-positive bacilli were sometim ... | 2012 | 23327139 |
| human claudin-8 and -14 are receptors capable of conveying the cytotoxic effects of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) contributes to several important human gastrointestinal (gi) diseases. this toxin and its derivatives are also being explored for translational applications, i.e., cancer therapy or drug delivery. some, but not all, members of the 24-member claudin (cldn) family of mammalian tight junction proteins can serve as cpe receptors. among the human cldns (hcldns), hcldn-3 and -4 are known to convey cpe sensitivity when expressed by fibroblast transfectants. how ... | 2013 | 23322640 |
| growth potential of clostridium perfringens from spores in acidified beef, pork, and poultry products during chilling. | the ability of clostridium perfringens to germinate and grow in acidified ground beef as well as in 10 commercially prepared acidified beef, pork, and poultry products was assessed. the ph of ground beef was adjusted with organic vinegar to achieve various ph values between 5.0 and 5.6; the ph of the commercial products ranged from 4.74 to 6.35. products were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of c. perfringens spores to achieve ca. 2-log (low) or 4-log (high) inoculum levels, vacuum packag ... | 2013 | 23317858 |
| clinicobiochemical investigations of gangrenous mastitis in does: immunological responses and oxidative stress biomarkers. | a total of 50 does were used to determine selected hematological and biochemical parameters with special references to oxidative stress markers, acute phase protein profiles, and proinflammatory cytokines in healthy and gangrenous mastitis affected does. animals were divided into two equal groups represented as clinically healthy (control) and diseased groups, respectively. the bacteriological examination of milk samples from diseased does revealed many types of bacterial infection. the isolated ... | 2013 | 23303629 |
| the fecal microbiome in dogs with acute diarrhea and idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. | recent molecular studies have revealed a highly complex bacterial assembly in the canine intestinal tract. there is mounting evidence that microbes play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic enteropathies of dogs, including idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). the aim of this study was to characterize the bacterial microbiota in dogs with various gastrointestinal disorders. | 2012 | 23300577 |
| characterization of bacteriophages virulent for clostridium perfringens and identification of phage lytic enzymes as alternatives to antibiotics for potential control of the bacterium. | there has been a resurgent interest in the use of bacteriophages or their gene products to control bacterial pathogens as alternatives to currently used antibiotics. clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacterium that plays a significant role in human foodborne disease as well as non-foodborne human, animal, and avian diseases. countries that have complied with the ban on antimicrobial growth promoters in feeds have reported increased incidences of c. perfringens-a ... | 2013 | 23300321 |
| label-free electronic detection of bio-toxins using aligned carbon nanotubes. | a facile route for sensitive label-free detection of bio-toxins using aligned single walled carbon nanotubes is described. this approach involves patterning of a catalyst on the surface of a quartz substrate using a sub-100 μm stripe-patterned polydimethylsiloxane stamp for aligned carbon nanotube generation followed by fabrication of field effect transistor (fet). atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and raman spectroscopy are employed to characterize the synthes ... | 2013 | 23298625 |
| identification of accessory genome regions in poultry clostridium perfringens isolates carrying the netb plasmid. | necrotic enteritis (ne) is an economically important disease of poultry caused by certain clostridium perfringens type a strains. ne pathogenesis involves the netb toxin, which is encoded on a large conjugative plasmid within a 42-kb pathogenicity locus. recent multilocus sequence type (mlst) studies have identified two predominant ne-associated clonal groups, suggesting that host genes are also involved in ne pathogenesis. we used microarray comparative genomic hybridization (cgh) to assess the ... | 2013 | 23292780 |
| hygiene intervention reduces contamination of weaning food in bangladesh. | this study was conducted to measure the impact of a hygiene intervention on the contamination of weaning food in bangladesh. | 2013 | 23279860 |
| taguchi optimization of duplex pcr for simultaneous identification of staphylococcus aureus and clostridium perfringens alpha toxins. | staphylococcus aureus and clostridium perfringens are two major bacteria that infect open wounds and delay the healing process. the rapid and progressive deterioration of soft tissue during s. aureus and c. perfringens coinfections is due to analogous necrotic alpha toxins produced by the two organisms. the aim of this study was to determine the alpha toxins of s. aureus and c. perfringens by duplex pcr. the pcr assay employed two sets of primers: hlaf/r to amplify staphylococcal alpha toxin gen ... | 2013 | 23278425 |
| detection and characterization of clostridium perfringens in the feces of healthy and diarrheic dogs. | clostridium perfringens has been implicated as a cause of diarrhea in dogs. the objectives of this study were to compare 2 culture methods and to evaluate a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay to detect c. perfringens toxin genes alpha (α), beta (β ), beta 2 (β2), epsilon (ɛ), iota (ι), and c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) from canine isolates. fecal samples were collected from clinically normal non-diarrheic (nd) dogs, (n = 105) and diarrheic dogs (dd, n = 54). clostridium perfringe ... | 2012 | 23277693 |
| spontaneous clostridium perfringens myonecrosis: case report, radiologic findings, and literature review. | the utility of computed tomography (ct) has not been studied in the initial evaluation of a patient with suspected spontaneous clostridial myonecrosis. here, we present a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) and neutropenia who developed spontaneous clostridium perfringens myonecrosis after induction chemotherapy. although suspected, the patient's symptoms and physical exam findings were not specific for clostridial myonecrosis. ct confirmed the diagnosis and helped direct surgical in ... | 2013 | 27330636 |
| nonclinical development of bcg replacement vaccine candidates. | the failure of current mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccines, given to neonates to protect against adult tuberculosis and the risk of using these live vaccines in hiv-infected infants, has emphasized the need for generating new, more efficacious and safer replacement vaccines. with the availability of genetic techniques for constructing recombinant bcg (rbcg) strains containing well-defined gene deletions or insertions, new vaccine candidates are under evaluation at both the ... | 2013 | 26343962 |
| application of a real-time pcr method for salmonella spp., escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and clostridium perfringens detection in water samples. | the diagnostic assessment of water sanitary state is based mainly on the cultivation of bacteria retained on membrane filters. however classical microbiology methods have a lot of disadvantages. more and more frequently, rapid detection and identification of pathogens present in water is based on molecular biology techniques. the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness and usefulness of a real-time pcr method, when compared to the recommended bacteria culture method, in diagnostics ... | 2013 | 24730140 |
| short- and medium-chain fatty acids as a feed supplement for weaning and nursery pigs. | the effect of supplementing piglet diets with acidifiers containing the short-chain fatty acids - scfa (propionic c3 and formic) together with medium-chain fatty acids -- mcfa (caprylic c8 and capric c10) on performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, intestinal microflora and small intestine structure was investigated. the study was performed on 326 piglets allocated to 5 experimental groups. they were fed a standard diet (group i - control) or a standard diet supplemented with 0.5% propionic ... | 2013 | 24597298 |
| the sensing of membrane microdomains based on pore-forming toxins. | membrane rafts are transient and unstable membrane microdomains that are enriched in sphingolipids, cholesterol, and specific proteins. they are involved in intracellular trafficking, signal transduction, pathogen entry, and attachment of various ligands. increasing experimental evidence on the crucial biological roles of membrane rafts under normal and pathological conditions require new techniques for their structural and functional characterization. in particular, fluorescence-labeled cytolyt ... | 2013 | 23244522 |
| [occurrence and control of the clostridium perfringens type a associated diarrhea of the suckling pigs with special consideration of the immunoprophylaxis]. | clostridium (c.) perfringens type a is often associated with diarrhoea in suckling piglets. the impact of the alpha (α) and beta (β)2 toxins on the pathogenesis of the disease has not been conclusively answered. previously, autologous vaccines were used to control this disease. the aim of our investigation was the classification of c. perfringens strains and the quantitative determination of the α and β2 toxins during the production of autologous vaccines. the efficacy of a commercial vaccine ag ... | 2012 | 23242147 |
| molecular architecture and functional analysis of netb, a pore-forming toxin from clostridium perfringens. | netb is a pore-forming toxin produced by clostridium perfringens and has been reported to play a major role in the pathogenesis of avian necrotic enteritis, a disease that has emerged due to the removal of antibiotics in animal feedstuffs. here we present the crystal structure of the pore form of netb solved to 3.9 å. the heptameric assembly shares structural homology to the staphylococcal α-hemolysin. however, the rim domain, a region that is thought to interact with the target cell membrane, s ... | 2013 | 23239883 |
| netb-producing and beta2-producing clostridium perfringens associated with subclinical necrotic enteritis in laying hens in the netherlands. | since 2006 increasing numbers of laying hen flocks with decreased production have been reported in the netherlands. at necropsy, birds from affected flocks showed multifocal areas of necrosis in the duodenum. histologically the duodenum had moderate to marked villus atrophy and fusion with crypt hyperplasia and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate within the lamina propria underlying focal areas of degenerative epithelium. multifocally, free within the intestinal lumen and associated with epithelial ... | 2012 | 23237366 |
| prevalence and characterization of clostridium perfringens from the faecal microbiota of elderly irish subjects. | the aim of this study was to investigate the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota of elderly subjects using a combination of culture-dependent techniques and 16s rrna gene amplicon sequencing. the study was performed as part of the eldermet project, in which 368 faecal samples were assessed for viable numbers of bifidobacterium spp., lactobacillus spp. and enterobacteriaceae on selective agar. however, the bifidobacterium selective medium used also supported the growth of clost ... | 2013 | 23222860 |
| clostridium perfringens enterotoxin a gene. | | 2012 | 23210158 |
| use of a mariner-based transposon mutagenesis system to isolate clostridium perfringens mutants deficient in gliding motility. | clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic gram-positive pathogen that causes many human and animal diseases, including food poisoning and gas gangrene. c. perfringens lacks flagella but possesses type iv pili (tfp). we have previously shown that c. perfringens can glide across an agar surface in long filaments composed of individual bacteria attached end to end and that two tfp-associated proteins, pilt and pilc, are needed for this. to discover additional gene products that play a role in gliding ... | 2013 | 23204460 |
| sequence of two plasmids from clostridium perfringens chicken necrotic enteritis isolates and comparison with c. perfringens conjugative plasmids. | twenty-six isolates of clostridium perfringens of different mlst types from chickens with necrotic enteritis (ne) (15 netb-positive) or from healthy chickens (6 netb-positive, 5 netb-negative) were found to contain 1-4 large plasmids, with most netb-positive isolates containing 3 large and variably sized plasmids which were more numerous and larger than plasmids in netb-negative isolates. netb and cpb2 were found on different plasmids consistent with previous studies. the pathogenicity locus nel ... | 2012 | 23189158 |
| fate of pathogen indicators in a domestic blend of food waste and wastewater through a two-stage anaerobic digestion system. | anaerobic digestion is a viable on-site treatment technology for rich organic waste streams such as food waste and blackwater. in contrast to large-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants which are typically located away from the community, the effluent from any type of on-site system is a potential pathogenic hazard because of the intimacy of the system to the community. the native concentrations of the pathogen indicators escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens and somatic coliphage were ... | 2013 | 23168637 |
| host response to intravenous injection of epsilon toxin in mouse model: a proteomic view. | epsilon toxin (etx) is an extremely potent pore-forming toxin and a category b biological agent. etx is a major virulence determinant of clostridium perfringens toxinotypes b and d, and is implicated in pathogenesis of rapidly fatal economically important pulpy kidney disease in lambs caused by toxinotype d. despite being a toxin, etx can be utilized as a tool to target glutamatergic neurons and for drug delivery into the cns. 2de-ms approach was employed to elucidate the host response to etx fo ... | 2013 | 23165782 |
| the effect of poultry manure application rate and alcl(3) treatment on bacterial fecal indicators in runoff. | increasing costs associated with inorganic fertilizer have led to widespread use of broiler litter. proper land application, typically limiting nutrient loss, is essential to protect surface water. this study was designed to evaluate litter-borne microbial runoff (heterotrophic plate count bacteria, staphylococci, escherichia coli, enterococci, and clostridium perfringens) while applying typical nutrient-control methods. field studies were conducted in which plots with high and low litter rates, ... | 2012 | 23165718 |
| inhibition of clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth by lemon juice and vinegar product in reduced nacl roast beef. | inhibition of clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth in reduced sodium roast beef by a blend of buffered lemon juice concentrate and vinegar (mostatin lv1) during abusive exponential cooling was evaluated. roast beef containing salt (nacl; 1%, 1.5%, or 2%, w/w), blend of sodium pyro- and poly-phosphates (0.3%), and mostatin lv1 (0%, 2%, or 2.5%) was inoculated with a 3-strain c. perfringens spore cocktail to achieve final spore population of 2.5 to 3.0 log cfu/g. the inoculated ... | 2012 | 23163907 |
| simultaneous detection of clostridium perfringens and clostridium colinum by duplex-polymerase chain reaction. | in this study, we provide a protocol for detection of clostridium colinum and clostridium perfringens by the single-tube duplex-pcr (dpcr) test for simultaneous and specific detection of both bacteria from pure cultures and fecal samples spiked with these pathogens. specific primers for each pathogen were selected that amplified products of predicted sizes from bacteria in the dpcr as well as in the single-tube pcr (spcr) assays. the sensitivity and specificity of dpcr assay were compared with t ... | 2012 | 23155016 |
| reduced lesions in chickens with clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis by lactobacillus fermentum 1.20291. | previous studies have demonstrated that lactobacillus has anti-inflammatory properties, but the protective functions of lactobacillus and mechanisms of inhibition of necrotic enteritis (ne) in the intestines of chickens have not been fully clarified. in the present study, we selected a probiotic strain, lactobacillus fermentum 1.2029, which has good adhesive ability and a high survival rate in low ph and bile salts. the objective of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory properties of l ... | 2012 | 23155014 |
| using a theoretical predictive tool for the analysis of recent health department inspections at outbreak restaurants and relation of this information to foodborne illness likelihood. | because u.s. restaurants are inspected at least annually against criteria in the u.s. food and drug administration model food code, large amounts of data are generated and should be systematically reviewed. the purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among the data obtained through health department inspections, the contributing factors to foodborne illness identified by the centers for disease control and prevention, and the risks of outbreaks of norovirus, salmonella, and clos ... | 2012 | 23127711 |
| health department inspection criteria more likely to be associated with outbreak restaurants in minnesota. | millions of routine restaurant inspections are performed each year in the united states, and the centers for disease control and prevention has reported that a majority of foodborne illness outbreaks occur in restaurant settings. in an attempt to relate the data collected during inspections in minnesota to illness likelihood, data from routine inspections conducted at outbreak restaurants were compared with data from routine inspections conducted at nonoutbreak restaurants. the goal was to ident ... | 2012 | 23127710 |
| structure requirements for anaerobe processing of azo compounds: implications for prodrug design. | this letter generalizes the metabolism of the azo class of compounds by clostridium perfringens, an anaerobe found in the human colon. a recently reported 5-aminosalicylic acid-based prednisolone prodrug was shown to release the drug when incubated with the bacteria, while the para-aminobenzoic acid (paba) based analogue did not. instead, it showed a new hplc peak with a relatively close retention time to the parent which was identified by lcms as the partially reduced hydrazine product. this le ... | 2012 | 23122822 |
| macedovicin, the second food-grade lantibiotic produced by streptococcus macedonicus aca-dc 198. | streptococcus macedonicus aca-dc 198 was found to produce a second lantibiotic named macedovicin in addition to macedocin. macedovicin was purified to homogeneity and mass spectrometric analysis identified a peptide of approximately 3.4 kda. partial n-terminal sequence analysis and tandem mass spectrometry revealed that macedovicin was identical to bovicin hj50 and thermophilin 1277 produced by streptococcus bovis and streptococcus thermophilus, respectively. macedovicin inhibits a broad spectru ... | 2013 | 23122510 |
| clostridium perfringens type a fatal acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in a dog. | the morning after participating in a dog show, a 2-year-old pomeranian dog was found dead in a pool of bloody feces. necropsy revealed hemorrhagic gastroenteritis of the entire gastrointestinal tract, with many gram-positive bacilli on the surface and in the lumen and crypts of the intestine. enterotoxin-positive type a clostridium perfringens were isolated in large numbers. this dramatic case of fatal c. perfringens gastroenteritis highlights the need to better understand the role of this bacte ... | 2012 | 23115371 |
| clostridium perfringens bacteremia caused by choledocholithiasis in the absence of gallbladder stones. | a 67-years-old male presented with periumbilical abdominal pain, fever and jaundice. his anaerobic blood culture was positive for clostridium perfringens. computed tomogram scan of the abdomen and abdominal ultrasound showed normal gallbladder and common bile duct (cbd). subsequently magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticogram showed choledocholithiasis. endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticogramwith sphincterotomy and cbd stone extraction was performed. the patient progressively improved wi ... | 2012 | 23112558 |
| the successful experimental induction of necrotic enteritis in chickens by clostridium perfringens: a critical review. | necrotic enteritis (ne) is one of the most important enteric diseases in poultry and is a high cost to the industry worldwide. it is caused by avian-specific, necrotic enteritis beta toxin (netb)-producing, strains of clostridium perfringens that also possess in common other virulence-associated genes. in europe the disease incidence has increased since the ban on in-feed "growth promoting" antibiotics. because of this, many recent studies of ne have focused on finding different ways to control ... | 2012 | 23101966 |
| detection of clostridium perfringens type c in pig herds following disease outbreak and subsequent vaccination. | immunisation of sows using clostridium perfringens type c toxoid vaccines is recommended to prevent necrotising enteritis (ne) on pig breeding farms. absence of disease, however, oftentimes leads to the false assumption of pathogens being eradicated. the prevalence of c perfringens type c was determined by pcr in faecal samples of piglets and sows in three swiss pig breeding farms two to four years after implementation of a vaccination programme following disease outbreaks. c perfringens type c ... | 2012 | 23100304 |
| diversity of salmonella spp. serovars isolated from the intestines of water buffalo calves with gastroenteritis. | salmonellosis in water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) calves is a widespread disease characterized by severe gastrointestinal lesions, profuse diarrhea and severe dehydration, occasionally exhibiting a systemic course. several salmonella serovars seem to be able to infect water buffalo, but salmonella isolates collected from this animal species have been poorly characterized. in the present study, the prevalence of salmonella spp. in water buffalo calves affected by lethal gastroenteritis was assesse ... | 2012 | 23098237 |
| comparative genomic hybridization analysis shows different epidemiology of chromosomal and plasmid-borne cpe-carrying clostridium perfringens type a. | clostridium perfringens, one of the most common causes of food poisonings, can carry the enterotoxin gene, cpe, in its chromosome or on a plasmid. c. perfringens food poisonings are more frequently caused by the chromosomal cpe-carrying strains, while the plasmid-borne cpe-positive genotypes are more commonly found in the human feces and environmental samples. different tolerance to food processing conditions by the plasmid-borne and chromosomal cpe-carrying strains has been reported, but the re ... | 2012 | 23094024 |
| multiplex detection of protein toxins using maldi-tof-tof tandem mass spectrometry: application in unambiguous toxin detection from bioaerosol. | protein toxins, such as botulinum neurotoxins (bonts), clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (etx), staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb), shiga toxin (stx), and plant toxin ricin, are involved in a number of diseases and are considered as potential agents for bioterrorism and warfare. from a bioterrorism and warfare perspective, these agents are likely to cause maximum damage to a civilian or military population through an inhalational route of exposure and aerosol is considered the envisaged mode ... | 2012 | 23083074 |
| clostridium perfringens and sulphite reducing clostridia densities in selected tropical malaysian rivers. | clostridium perfringens (cp) and sulphite reducing clostridia (src) densities in the selangor river, bernam river and tengi river canal were examined between april 2007 and january 2008. water samples were taken from two or three locations along each river, using either depth-integration or grab sampling methods. the downstream sampling site of the selangor river, rantau panjang, reported the highest arithmetic mean of cp and src densities (583.45 and 8,120.08 cfu/100 ml, respectively). both cp ... | 2012 | 23082563 |
| suspected neurotoxicity due to clostridium perfringens type b in a tiger (panthera tigris). | a 4-yr-old tiger (panthera tigris) was referred with acute onset of severe abnormal consciousness. neurological evaluation showed normal palpebral and corneal reflexes, normal pupil diameter with normal direct and consensual papillary light reflex, and absent menace response bilaterally. diffuse forebrain lesion or focal lesion affecting the ascending reticular activating system was suspected. complete blood examination and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were normal. magnetic resonance imaging of ... | 2012 | 23082539 |
| [septic shock and septic arthritis due to clostridium perfringens]. | | 2012 | 23079562 |
| protein-ligand interaction study of cpoga in complex with glcnacstatin. | the glcnacstatin is a potent inhibitor of o-glycoprotein 2-acetamino-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosidase, which has been related with type ii diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. herein, hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics simulations, and potential of mean force were employed to study the interactions established between glcnacstatin and a bacterial o-glcnacase enzyme from clostridium perfringens. the results reveal that the imidazole nitrogen atom of glcnacstatin ha ... | 2013 | 23066949 |
| necrotizing duodenitis caused by clostridium perfringens type a in a japanese young man. | a 21-year-old japanese man with a history of marked body weight loss over a short period of time died of necrotizing duodenitis caused by clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) type a. c. perfringens type a is considered to usually cause self-limiting gastroenteritis. necrotizing enteritis sometimes occurs due to c. perfringens in developing countries; however, it is primarily caused by the type c strain and its site of onset is typically the jejunum or ileum. this is a rare case of necrotizin ... | 2012 | 23064579 |
| recovery of diverse microbes in high turbidity surface water samples using dead-end ultrafiltration. | dead-end ultrafiltration (deuf) has been reported to be a simple, field-deployable technique for recovering bacteria, viruses, and parasites from large-volume water samples for water quality testing and waterborne disease investigations. while deuf has been reported for application to water samples having relatively low turbidity, little information is available regarding recovery efficiencies for this technique when applied to sampling turbid water samples such as those commonly found in lakes ... | 2012 | 23064261 |
| oligomerization of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin is dependent upon caveolins 1 and 2. | evidence from multiple studies suggests that clostridium perfringens ε-toxin is a pore-forming toxin, assembling into oligomeric complexes in the plasma membrane of sensitive cells. in a previous study, we used gene-trap mutagenesis to identify mammalian factors contributing to toxin activity, including caveolin-2 (cav2). in this study, we demonstrate the importance of caveolin-2 and its interaction partner, caveolin-1 (cav1), in ε-toxin-induced cytotoxicity. using cav2-specific shrna in a toxin ... | 2012 | 23056496 |
| inducible clostridium perfringens bacteriophages φs9 and φs63: different genome structures and a fully functional sigk intervening element. | two inducible temperate bacteriophages φs9 and φs63 from clostridium perfringens were sequenced and analyzed. isometric heads and long non-contractile tails classify φs9 and φs63 in the siphoviridae family, and their genomes consist of 39,457 bp (φs9) and 33,609 bp (φs63) linear dsdna, respectively. φs63 has 3'-overlapping cohesive genome ends, whereas φs9 is the first clostridium phage featuring an experimentally proven terminally redundant and circularly permuted genome. a total of 50 and 43 c ... | 2012 | 23050219 |
| growth of clostridium perfringens during cooling of refried beans. | outbreaks of clostridium perfringens have been associated with dishes containing refried beans from food service establishments. however, growth of c. perfringens in refried beans has not been investigated, and predictive models have not been validated in this food matrix. we investigated the growth of c. perfringens during the cooling of refried beans. refried beans (pinto and black, with and without salt added) were inoculated with 3 log cfu/g c. perfringens spores and incubated isothermally a ... | 2012 | 23043826 |
| cryptosporidium spp. in drinking water. samples from rural sites in switzerland. | in most rural areas and small communities in switzerland the drinking water is supplied to the consumers after a minimum or even no treatment at all. however, it is just in these areas where drinking water from sources of agricultural activities can be contaminated by liquid manure and faeces of pasturing animals. the swiss drinking water regulations are limited to the monitoring of e. coli, enterococcus spp. and total plate counts only. hence, resistant pathogens, as for example cryptosporidium ... | 2012 | 23037557 |
| genotypic and phenotypic characterization of clostridium perfringens isolates from darmbrand cases in post-world war ii germany. | clostridium perfringens type c strains are the only non-type-a isolates that cause human disease. they are responsible for enteritis necroticans, which was termed darmbrand when occurring in post-world war ii germany. darmbrand strains were initially classified as type f because of their exceptional heat resistance but later identified as type c strains. since only limited information exists regarding darmbrand strains, this study genetically and phenotypically characterized seven 1940s era darm ... | 2012 | 23027533 |
| endothelial binding of beta toxin to small intestinal mucosal endothelial cells in early stages of experimentally induced clostridium perfringens type c enteritis in pigs. | beta toxin (cpb) is known to be an essential virulence factor in the development of lesions of clostridium perfringens type c enteritis in different animal species. its target cells and exact mechanism of toxicity have not yet been clearly defined. here, we evaluate the suitability of a neonatal piglet jejunal loop model to investigate early lesions of c. perfringens type c enteritis. immunohistochemically, cpb was detected at microvascular endothelial cells in intestinal villi during early and ... | 2013 | 23012387 |
| a middle-aged lady with a pyogenic liver abscess caused by clostridium perfringens. | the pyogenic liver abscess caused by clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) is a rare, but rapidly fatal infection. it is usually associated with malignancy and immunosuppression. we report the case of 50-year-old lady with the secondary liver metastases from rectal cancer presented with fever and epigastric pain. the identification of gram-positive bacilli septicaemia, the presence of gas-forming liver abscess and massive intravascular hemolysis should lead to the suspicion of c. perfringens ... | 2012 | 22993668 |
| novel system for efficient isolation of clostridium double-crossover allelic exchange mutants enabling markerless chromosomal gene deletions and dna integration. | isolation of clostridium mutants based on gene replacement via allelic exchange remains a major limitation for this important genus. use of a heterologous counterselection marker can facilitate the identification of the generally rare allelic exchange events. we report on the development of an inducible counterselection marker and describe its utility and broad potential in quickly and efficiently generating markerless dna deletions and integrations at any genomic locus without the need for auxo ... | 2012 | 22983967 |
| identification of a lambda toxin-negative clostridium perfringens strain that processes and activates epsilon prototoxin intracellularly. | clostridium perfringens type b and d strains produce epsilon toxin (etx), which is one of the most potent clostridial toxins and is involved in enteritis and enterotoxemias of domestic animals. etx is produced initially as an inactive prototoxin that is typically then secreted and processed by intestinal proteases or possibly, for some strains, lambda toxin. during the current work a unique c. perfringens strain was identified that intracellularly processes epsilon prototoxin to an active form c ... | 2012 | 22982043 |
| ranking the disease burden of 14 pathogens in food sources in the united states using attribution data from outbreak investigations and expert elicitation. | understanding the relative public health impact of major microbiological hazards across the food supply is critical for a risk-based national food safety system. this study was conducted to estimate the u.s. health burden of 14 major pathogens in 12 broad categories of food and to then rank the resulting 168 pathogen-food combinations. these pathogens examined were campylobacter, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, norovirus, salmonella enterica, toxoplasma ... | 2012 | 22980012 |
| spontaneous clostridial myonecrosis after pregnancy - emergency treatment to the limb salvage and functional recovery: a case report. | clostridial myonecrosis (cm) is a rare, life threatening necrotizing infection of a skeletal muscle caused by clostridium perfringens in the majority of cases. the diagnosis may be difficult because of few diagnostic and cutaneous signs early in its course. standard therapy involves surgical debridements of a devitalized tissue and high-dose organism-specific antibiotic therapy. the hyperbaric oxygen has also showed its usefulness in the treatment of these infections. autograft systems as tissue ... | 2014 | 22973988 |
| [picture in clinical hematology; clostridium perfringens septicemia with intravascular hemolysis]. | | 2012 | 22970457 |
| cysteine-scanning mutagenesis supports the importance of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin amino acids 80 to 106 for membrane insertion and pore formation. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) causes the gastrointestinal symptoms of the second most common bacterial food-borne illness. previous studies suggested that a region named tm1, which has amphipathic characteristics and spans from amino acids 81 to 106 of the native cpe protein, forms a β-hairpin involved in β-barrel pore formation. to further explore the potential role of tm1 in pore formation, the single cys naturally present in cpe at residue 186 was first altered to alanine by mutag ... | 2012 | 22966051 |
| the epidemiology of clostridium perfringens type a on ontario swine farms, with special reference to cpb2-positive isolates. | there is poor understanding of most aspects of clostridium perfringens type a as a possible cause of neonatal diarrhea in piglets, and the prevalence and types of c. perfringens present on ontario swine farms is unknown. to study the prevalence of fecal c. perfringens and selected toxin genes, 48 ontario swine farms were visited between august 2010 and may 2011, and 354 fecal samples were collected from suckling pigs, lactating sows, weanling pigs, grower-finisher pigs, and gestating sows, as we ... | 2012 | 22947389 |
| influence of beet sugar, calcium lactate, and staphylococcus xylosus (with nitrate reductase activity) on the chemical, microbiological, and sensorial properties of persian uncured frankfurters. | this study investigated the effects of beet sugar (bs), calcium lactate (cl), and staphylococcus xylosus (sx) on the general characteristics of uncured frankfurters. minimum residual nitrite was observed in samples with a high level of bs and s. xylosus (8log(10) l0 viable cfu/g) after 2 mo. there was an increase in total aerobic counts in frankfurters after 4 wk. samples containing higher bs and cl had no clostridium perfringens at storage time. histamine content was similar for all treatments ... | 2012 | 22946602 |
| microbiological quality and potential public health risks of export meat from springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) in namibia. | to assess the microbiological quality and safety of export game meat; i) a total of 80 pooled meat samples for aerobic plate count (apc) and enterobacteriaceae ii) water used in harvesting and processing for microbiological quality and iii) meat and rectal contents for salmonella spp. and shiga toxin escherichia coli (stec) were evaluated in 2009 and 2010. no differences (p>0.05) in the apcs were observed between the years, but the mean enterobacteriaceae count for 2009 was 1.33 ± 0.69 log(10)cf ... | 2013 | 22944735 |
| identification of amino acids important for binding of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin to host cells and to havcr1. | clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin belongs to the aerolysin-like family of pore-forming toxins and is one of the most potent bacterial toxins known. the epsilon toxin causes fatal enterotoxemia in sheep, goats, and possibly humans. evidence indicates that the toxin binds to protein receptors including hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 1 (havcr1), but the region of the toxin responsible for cell binding has not been identified. in the present study, we identify amino acids within the epsilon ... | 2012 | 22938730 |
| computational analysis of human oga structure in complex with pugnac and nag-thiazoline derivatives. | the substitution of serine and threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranose (o-glcnac) residues is an essential post-translational modification found in many multicellular eukaryotes. o-glycoprotein 2-acetamino-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosidase (o-glcnacase) hydrolyzes o-glcnac residues from post-translationally modified serine/threonine residues of nucleocytoplasmic protein. o-glcnac has been implicated in several disease states such as cancer, alzheim ... | 2012 | 22937904 |
| comparative studies on enterococcus, clostridium perfringens and staphylococcus aureus as quality indicators in tropical seawater at a pacific mexican beach resort. | three microorganisms were assayed to evaluate the microbiological quality in the seawater at a resort on the mexican pacific coast, and to test for possible associations among the titers of the various bacteria, their possible correlations with environmental conditions, and with the location of potential wastewater outflows. significant microorganism levels were found (at caletilla beach, hornos beach, and papagayo beach, respectively: for enterococcus 157, 153, and 149, for c. perfringens 35, 8 ... | 2012 | 22910334 |
| reactive oxygen species and the mek/erk pathway are involved in the toxicity of clostridium perfringens α-toxin, a prototype bacterial phospholipase c. | clostridium perfringens, the most broadly distributed pathogen in nature, produces a prototype phospholipase c, also called α-toxin, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of gas gangrene. α-toxin causes plasma membrane disruption at high concentrations, but the role of intracellular mediators in its toxicity at low concentrations is unknown. this work demonstrates that α-toxin causes oxidative stress and activates the mek/erk pathway in cultured cells and furthermore provides compelling evi ... | 2012 | 22904339 |
| fatal foodborne clostridium perfringens illness at a state psychiatric hospital--louisiana, 2010. | clostridium perfringens, the third most common cause of foodborne illness in the united states (1), most often causes a self-limited, diarrheal disease lasting 12-24 hours. fatalities are very rare, occurring in <0.03% of cases (1). death usually is caused by dehydration and occurs among the very young, the very old, and persons debilitated by illness (2). on may 7, 2010, 42 residents and 12 staff members at a louisiana state psychiatric hospital experienced vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarr ... | 2012 | 22895383 |
| meningoencephalitis with subdural empyema caused by toxigenic clostridium perfringens type a. | we report a clinical case of meningoencephalitis with subdural empyema in an immunocompromised farmer caused by toxigenic clostridium perfringens type a, which was identified by 16s rna gene analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and subdural empyema. in immunocompromised patients, c. perfringens should be considered a potential pathogen of sepsis. | 2012 | 22895036 |
| [clostridium perfringens]. | in japan, clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) is the top 5th or 6th pathogen of foodborne illnesses. annually between 2006 and 2010, there were between 20 and 40 reported outbreaks of foodborne illnesses caused by c. perfringens. c. perfringens is found in soil and dust, in the intestinal tract humans and animals, on the surface of vegetable products. c. perfringens produces an enterotoxin that causes diarrhea and abdominal pain. inappropriate food handing practice (inadequate heating, cool ... | 2012 | 22894072 |
| [new insight from basic research of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin]. | clostridium perfringens causes gas gangrene with inflammatory myopathies and infrequently septicemia associated with massive intravascular hemolysis. the microorganism is known to produce a variety of toxins and enzymes that are responsible for severe myonecrotic lesions. notably, alpha-toxin, which possesses hemolytic, necrotic and lethal activities, and phospholipase c and sphingomyelinase activities, is an important agent for the diseases. the cytokine storm induced by alpha-toxin, mainly the ... | 2012 | 22894064 |
| spontaneous abscess of the anterior abdominal wall caused by clostridium perfringens resistant to clindamycin. | | 2012 | 22870863 |
| a wide variety of clostridium perfringens type a food-borne isolates that carry a chromosomal cpe gene belong to one multilocus sequence typing cluster. | of 98 suspected food-borne clostridium perfringens isolates obtained from a nationwide survey by the food and consumer product safety authority in the netherlands, 59 strains were identified as c. perfringens type a. using pcr-based techniques, the cpe gene encoding enterotoxin was detected in eight isolates, showing a chromosomal location for seven isolates and a plasmid location for one isolate. further characterization of these strains by using (gtg)(5) fingerprint repetitive sequence-based p ... | 2012 | 22865060 |
| survey of naturally and conventionally cured commercial frankfurters, ham, and bacon for physio-chemical characteristics that affect bacterial growth. | natural and organic food regulations preclude the use of sodium nitrite/nitrate and other antimicrobials for processed meat products. consequently, processors have begun to use natural nitrate/nitrite sources, such as celery juice/powder, sea salt, and turbinado sugar, to manufacture natural and organic products with cured meat characteristics but without sodium nitrite. the objective of this study was to compare physio-chemical characteristics that affect clostridium perfringens and listeria mo ... | 2012 | 22857852 |
| development of an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for clostridium perfringens beta2-toxin in porcine feces and the neonatal piglet intestine. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for detection and quantitation of beta2-toxin in neonatal piglet intestinal contents. polystyrene plates were coated with polyclonal capture antibodies prepared against consensus recombinant beta2-toxin. the elisa was developed using consensus recombinant beta2-toxin, atypical recombinant beta2-toxin, purified consensus native beta2-toxin, and field samples of neonatal porcine intestinal contents. captured antigen was detected using a ho ... | 2012 | 22855377 |
| enteritis associated with clostridium perfringens type a in 9-month-old calves. | four 9-month-old simmental male calves were presented with a history of sudden death. the necropsy and microscopic findings allowed a diagnosis of enteritis and severe intraluminal hemorrhage with blood clots in the jejunum, suggestive of jejunal hemorrhage syndrome. | 2012 | 22851779 |
| clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin recognizes the gm1a-trka complex. | clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin is the major virulence factor in the pathogenesis of gas gangrene. alpha-toxin is a 43-kda protein with two structural domains; the n-domain contains the catalytic site and coordinates the divalent metal ions, and the c-domain is a membrane-binding site. the role of the exposed loop region (72-93 residues) in the n-domain, however, has been unclear. here we show that this loop contains a ganglioside binding motif (h … sxwy … g) that is the same motif seen in b ... | 2012 | 22847002 |